Journal articles on the topic 'French diachrony'
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1
Zeijlstra, Hedde. "Pas de Problème: The Distribution and Nature of Double Negation in French and Other Romance Negative Concord Languages." Languages 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8020118.
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Most Romance negative concord (NC) languages in particular configurations give rise to double negation (DN) readings. In this article, I discuss an intricate DN pattern in French. After discussing some previous accounts, I provide an analysis of French pas (and in its slipstream also of the French expletive negative element ne) that takes pas to be a purely semantically but not formally (i.e., syntactically) negative element. I then argue that the reason why French pas is so different from other negative markers lies in its diachrony and show that other attested asymmetries between the formal properties of negative markers and neg-words in Romance must receive a diachronic explanation as well.
2
ROBERTS, Ian. "Some remarks on the diachrony of French negation." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 16, spe (2000): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502000000300008.
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Based on the history of negation in French, this paper proposes a parametrization of how languages may morphologically express the logical structure of negation provided by UG. It is argued that the change of French negation is driven by a general economy principle governing language acquisition, which favors shorter chains over longer ones. It is also claimed that this change correlates with a change in the determiner system which leads negative chains to develop from indefinite chains
3
Shaw, Wyn Francis. "Old French Si, Syntax and Function in Diachrony." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.120.
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This article offers a diachronic analysis of the Old French particle si. Using data from both verse and prose texts, I analyse the function and syntax of si from the 12th to 14th centuries. I find that si fulfills a variety of functions throughout the period, beginning as a subject continuity marker before acquiring functions as a resumptive and an expletive among others. Si’s syntax is defined by its proximity to the verb, occupying the specifier of the left-peripheral head which hosts the verb. This head changes through the Old French period from the lower left peripheral head Fin to the higher head Force. These findings are shown to have ramifications for the study of Medieval Romance syntax and discourse particles.
4
Montaño, Francisco Antonio. "Syllable contact effects as a diachronic precursor to mora licensing in early French /sC/ clusters." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, no. 2 (April 11, 2024): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.282.
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This paper proposes that Old French coda /s/ deletion (11th-13th centuries) forms part of a broader diachronic progression of ever-stricter requirements on the sonority contour of /sC/ clusters in syllable contact, reframing part of a well-known moraic analysis (Gess 1998a, 1999, and later work) of Old French coda loss phenomena. Given the multistage rollout of coda /s/ deletion as a function of the sonority of the following onset, an approach hinging on syllable contact constraints not only offers a more detailed and precise formalization of the diachrony of word-medial /sC/ in Old French, but also draws systemic connections with cognate processes affecting /sC/ clusters in early French such as prothesis and earlier Proto-French stop epenthesis. The Optimality-Theoretic analysis presented here formalizes these phenomenological links and the constraints on syllable-contact sonority using the Split Margin Approach to the Syllable (Baertsch 2002, Baertsch & Davis 2003). Rather than sonority-graded mora-licensing constraints causing Old French coda /s/ deletion, the present account argues that their ranking above Faith is instead the acquisitional outcome of the near-total absence of coda /s/ across the lexicon, as a culminative result of the progressive tightening of syllable contact requirements.
5
Blanco, Xavier. "Linguistique informatique et linguistique diachronique : une alliance nécessaire." Neophilologica 2019 33 (November 10, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/neo.2021.33.15.
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In this paper, we will try to show how formal linguistics applied to the study of diachrony can be a fundamental asset for research (and consequently also for teaching at a university level) in the field of French language and literature. We will treat successively the analysis of the support verbs (§2), the realization verbs (§3), the intensity collocations (§4) and the pragmatically restricted clichés (§5). In each section, we will present and discuss numerous examples in medieval French accompanied by their published translations into contemporary French.
6
Alcolado Carnicero, José Miguel. "Diachrony of code switching stages in medieval business accounts." Journal of Historical Linguistics 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 378–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.18001.car.
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Abstract This article presents the results of a diachronic survey on the multilingual account books authored by the wardens of the Mercers’ premier livery company of the City of London from 1390 to 1464. The study deployed here applies an extended version of Wright’s three-stage model of code switched business writing that introduces a previous phase of Romance monolingualism and a later phase of English monolingualism. It is found that the change from Latin and French to English as the new language of business record in the London Mercers’ archives was orderly and gradual rather than straightforward, and characterised by a less predictable intervening code switching period. The analysis is of considerable value for expanding our knowledge of medieval written multilingualism, as well as for the development of English as an administrative language.
7
HANSEN, MAJ-BRITT MOSEGAARD. "A comparative study of the semantics and pragmatics of enfin and finalement, in synchrony and diachrony." Journal of French Language Studies 15, no. 2 (July 2005): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269505002048.
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This article compares and contrasts two related adverbs, enfin and finalement, in synchrony and diachrony. Both are polysemous in contemporary French, and largely intersubstitutable in many contexts. However, the functional range of enfin is much greater than that of finalement. Evidence is presented for the existence of a division of labour, such that speakers seem to favour finalement for more ‘literal’ functions, i.e. for the expression of temporal sequence, whereas enfin is preferred for more abstract, non-propositional functions. This is attributed to the respective formal properties and degree of grammaticalisation of the two expressions, which can also explain why enfin has developed a vastly greater range of abstract, non-propositional functions than finalement. The argument is supported by diachronic evidence that the functional extension of enfin has gone hand in hand with significant changes in the formal status of the expression, while functional extension of finalement stops at approximately the time when enfin begins to expand its range.
8
Palasis, Katerina. "Subject clitics and preverbal negation in European French: Variation, acquisition, diatopy and diachrony." Lingua 161 (July 2015): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.11.012.
9
Hummel, Martin, Adrian Chircu, Jairo Javier García Sánchez, Benjamín García-Hernández, Stefan Koch, David Porcel Bueno, and Inka Wissner. "Prepositional adverbials in the diachrony of Romance: a state of the art." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 1080–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0062.
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Abstract The paper provides a state of the art in research on prepositional adverbials in Romance that combine a preposition with an adjective, e.g., Sp. en breve ‘in short’ (= PA-pattern). It therefore reviews the existing bibliography on Romance in general, Latin, Catalan, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. The theoretical background is the hypothesis that the PA-pattern could have played a relevant role as a third way of forming adverbials in the diachrony of Romance, paralleling adverbial adjectives (e.g., breve used as an adverb: hablar breve) and derived adverbs (e.g., brevemente). The review confirms that the PA-pattern is marginal in (written) Latin but rises abruptly in early Romance, suggesting a “hidden” past in spoken Latin. This is corroborated by the fact that similar PA-patterns are used in all Romance languages. However, these insights have often to be deduced from marginal observations on the adverbials in use. As yet, research has not systematically studied the role of PA adverbials in the diachrony of Romance.
10
Zubkova, Mariya, and Elena Kopylova. "The Structure of Interrogative Sentences with a Nominal Subject in the French Language in a Diachronic Aspect." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2287-1505-v102.
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The article is focused on the study of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in the French language in terms of structural criteria in a diachronic aspect. The purpose of this study is to reveal the features of the so-called complex inversion in interrogative sentences. Special attention is paid to terminological problems. Pronominal reprise is recognized by the authors as the most correct term for an interrogative construction with a nominal subject duplicated by a personal pronoun. The lack of uniformity in terminology indicates a multidimensional nature of the inversion phenomenon in the French language. For instance, in addition to interrogative sentences, it can be used in other contexts: in simple declarative sentences after certain adverbs, in subordinate clauses after some conjunctions, in exclamatory sentences, etc. The authors highlight and describe the characteristic features of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in terms of diachrony. Pronominal reprise appears in interrogative constructions as early as in the 16th century, mainly in general questions, subsequently extending to special questions. In the 16th – 17th centuries, the subject did not regularly precede the verb; the same applied to interrogative words, which could be placed both to the left and to the right of the subject. In sentences with a nominal subject, reprise was not the only possible structural option. The following were also used: direct word order, construction question word + est-ce que, and simple inversion. The authors come to the conclusion that pronominal reprise had finally replaced simple inversion of the nominal subject in general questions in French by the end of the 17th century.
11
Simonenko, Alexandra, and Anne Carlier. "Between demonstrative and definite: A grammar competition model of the evolution of French l-determiners." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 65, no. 3 (September 2020): 393–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2020.14.
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AbstractThis article investigates the spread of the le/la/les-forms in the diachrony of French on the basis of large-scale corpora. It focuses on the issue of their “mixed” distribution viz. the observation that during a long period of time the le/la/les-forms in French do not pattern as either (anaphoric) demonstratives from which they originate (Late Latin ille), nor as (uniqueness-based) definites, which they end up becoming in Modern French. We model the phenomenon as a competition between two grammars which ascribe different Logical Forms to the l-forms and test model predictions in contexts which differ with respect to whether they satisfy the relevant conditions for either demonstrative or definite semantics. We also suggest that this change was part of a larger change involving the spread of presupposition triggers within noun phrases. We show that our model correctly predicts the relative rates of determiner spread in various contexts.
12
Vanderheyden, Anne, and Patrick Dendale. "Visiblement : l’évolution diachronique d’un marqueur évidentiel." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 1008–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0068.
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Abstract In this paper we describe the French adverb visiblement in synchrony as well as in diachrony on the basis of all its occurrences in the data base Frantext. We show how and when it developed into an evidential marker. We examine the various distributional, syntactic and semantic changes the adverb underwent, from Old French until now. Regarding its evidential meaning, we show that visiblement, despite the presence of the perception element visible in its morphology, belongs to the category of evidential markers of inference (on the basis of perceivable or cognitively clear evidence) and not to that of evidential markers of direct perception. Finally, on a more theoretical level, we show in this study that in the case of visiblement semantic change precedes syntactic change, which seems to be rather uncommon.
13
Vereshchagina, N. V. "Problems of Contemporary French Ethnolinguistics." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Linguistics and Pedagogy 13, no. 2 (November 8, 2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-2-55-62.
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The article analyses theoretical and methodological basis underlying modern French ethnolinguistics, which studies the correlation between language and culture of an ethnos. Every nation creates its own picture of the world, defines spiritual and moral priorities, forms ethnic self-consciousness and the system of life values in synchronic and diachrony. At the same time, language, religion, anthropological attributes of an ethnos can be repeated in other peoples with its rituals, rituals, beliefs, perceptions finding their expression, it always distinguishes one linguoculture from another. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to evaluate the development of contemporary French ethnolinguistics and to correlate traditional and French linguistic terminology. The material for the study is contemporary articles on French ethnolinguistics and discourse analysis. The aim of the study is to establish and analyse the specificities of theoretical works on contemporary French ethnolinguistics. To achieve this goal we used general theoretical methods of comparison, description and linguistic methods of logical comparison and structural method. The study of individual semantic groups and lexical fields and the interaction between ethnolinguistics and the French school of discourse analysis form the specific methodological basis of modern French ethnolinguistics. Ethnolinguistics stands out as a specific interdisciplinary and independent field of linguistics, combining the study of linguistic, social and cultural aspects of language. As a result of the study it was found that the specificity of the methodology of French ethnolinguistics is manifested in its connection with the school of discourse analysis, which allows the study of linguistic existence of small social groups and different forms of language realization - oral and written - to be included in the research material.
14
Sapuntsov, Andrey Leonidovich. "Initiatives on privatization of colonial activity within the framework of French East India Company." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 12 (December 2020): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.12.34724.
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This article examines the colonial activity of French East India Company, which was a commercial enterprise engaged in international trade founded in 1664. The goal of this research is to determine the prerequisites for its establishment, conditions for the formation of capital and administrative branches, perspectives on expanding the network of trading stations and trade routes. An assessment is given to the directive formation of capital and work of the officials (patrons). The article employs the methods of analysis of the historical documents, testimonies of travelers, synchronism, diachrony and cognitive symbiosis. Attention is given to unattainability of levelling off the profit margin French East India Company through trading exchange and work of transnational corporations. The scientific novelty consists in revealing the causes of unstable situation of French East India Company and insufficient development of market relations within its metropolitan territory, which led to a series of rearrangements and speculations, poor equipment of ships and shipwrecks. The results can be used ib studying trade companies of the early Modern Age, particularly with regards to Iberia and colonization of the West Indies. The conclusion is formulated on the prerequisites for the establishment of a powerful French East India Company that were not implemented; and the unstable economic situation resulted in annulment of the company during the Great French Revolution.
15
Shatil, Nimrod. "The Nature and Diachrony of Hebrew Quality Pseudo-Partitives: Are They a Calque from the Contact Languages?" Journal of Jewish Languages 3, no. 1-2 (October 16, 2015): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340046.
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The article discusses the syntactic, semantic, prosodic, and sociolinguistic features of the contemporary Hebrew construction of the type ‘a beauty of a girl,’ in general N1of N2, known asquality pseudo-partitive(also asbinominal noun-phrase). In this construction, N1is a nominalized adjective and N2is the head. Semantically the syntagm is evaluative, either positively or negatively. The article examines the claim that the construction, first documented in 1928, emerged as an internally caused change, and concludes from the evidence that the construction was calqued from contact languages (English, French, German, Yiddish, and Judeo-Spanish).
16
Moraes, Milena Borges de, and Heloísa Schmitt Alves. "Regulação normativa do uso das formas de tratamento do português: um estudo diacrônico e discursivo/ Normative Regulation of the Use of Portuguese Forms of Treatment: A Diacronical and Discursive Study." Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 27, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.27.2.6-23.
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Resumo: As instâncias de regulação tentam controlar os usos linguísticos e os sentidos sobre a língua, a partir de uma variedade linguística idealizada, associada à assimetria de poder indicada pela forma usada por um determinado grupo, correspondendo a um conjunto de regras que definem as relações entre os membros da sociedade. Assim, objetiva-se realizar uma leitura diacrônica e discursiva de instrumentos normativos que versam sobre a regulação do uso das formas de tratamento do português, dos séculos XVI, XVIII e XXI, em Portugal e no Brasil. Para a análise dos materiais, mobilizou-se a teoria e os métodos da diacronia, bem como os princípios e os procedimentos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, proposta por Michel Pêcheux, na França, na década de 60, e divulgada e ampliada, no Brasil, por Eni Orlandi. Como resultado, observamos que o fio que permeia os discursos produzidos a partir dos instrumentos normativos analisados preserva os pressupostos da tradição europeia no uso das formas de tratamento; contudo, aprimora-se com novos dizeres acerca de uma igualdade idealizada que será, supostamente, alcançada por meio de umas e não outras formas de tratamento.Palavras-chave: formas de tratamento; regulações normativas; diacronia; Análise do Discurso.Abstract: The regulatory instances attempt to control linguistics uses and meanings about language, from an idealized linguistic variety, associated with the asymmetry of power indicated by the form used by a certain group, corresponding to a set of rules that define the relations between members of society. Thus, the objective is to perform a diachronic and discursive reading of normative instruments that deals with the regulation of the use of forms of treatment of Portuguese, from the 16th, 18th, and 21st centuries, in Portugal and Brazil. For the analysis of these materials, we mobilized the theory and methods of diachrony, as well as the principles and procedures of the french discourse analysis, proposed by Michel Pêcheux, in France, in the 60s, and disseminated and expanded, in Brazil, by Eni Orlandi. As a result, we observed that the thread that permeates the discourses produced from the normative instruments analysed, preserves the assumptions of the European tradition for the use of forms of treatment, however, it improves with new sayings about an idealized equality that will, supposedly, be achieved through some and not other forms of treatment.Keywords: forms of treatment; normative regulations; diachrony; discourse analysis.
17
Kropacheva, Kseniya Aleksandrovna. "The concept of “genre” in France of the XV – XVI centuries: from lexical diversity to codification of the term." Litera, no. 9 (September 2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33794.
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This article discusses formation of the concept of “genre” in France of the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, as well as codification of the corresponding term in literary language. The subject of this research is denominations of the category of genre used by the authors of theoretical treatises of the XV – XVI centuries, and the concept of “genre”, which was gradually introduced into the French theory of poetry. The goal is to determine the stages of development of the category of genre within the framework of French theoretical texts of the XV – XVI centuries, as well as denominations for the genre forms employed by the theoreticians, their similarities and differences. An attempt is made to identify at which point in French theory appears the interpretation of the term “genre” similar to the modern one. The novelty of consists in analysis of the concept of genre in diachrony based on the material of French treatises of the XV – XVI centuries. Majority of the texts considered in the article did not receive due attention within the Russian literary studies, which substantiates the relevance of studying French literary theory of the Renaissance Era. It is demonstrated that the authors of French treatises of the XV century denoted the concept of genre as “rithme”, “taille”, “manière”, “façade”, “espèce”, using them as synonyms within the framework of a single text. However, by the early XVI century, the genre form is viewed as a separate category; therefore, the number of denominations s is gradually reduced. For the first time, the term “genre” was used in the literary context in Pierre Fabre’s treatise of 1521; although at that time it partially keeps the meaning borrowed from Latin. The terms was codified later, in 1555, in Jacques Peletier’s “Art Poétique”; and from this point on it was applied by literary theoreticians for denoting different types of genre forms.
18
Vyshenskaya, Yuliya P. "Stylistic Syntax of the Middle French Poetical Literary Composition." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 1337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2023-14-4-1337-1356.
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The study suggests some evidence of studying the “poetic style” of the initial stage. The stage corresponds to the mediaeval European period. The actual character of the work is determined by the stable interest to the category under study in the scientific society as well as by the unstable character of the contents of its meaningful volume. The analytical procedure being realized on the literary heritage of troubadours and trouvères, contributes to the research challenge of the paper. The analysis made is aimed at the study of the specific features of the style generating processes on the poetic texts in the universal context of the medieval culture. The purpose of the work makes necessary solving a number of particular tasks, namely, clarifying and description the poetic style connections with its original roots, the role of the literary-stylistic traditions and medieval aesthetic conceptions in the style generating processes, stylistic traditional and individual proportion. Thus, the study contributes to the number of complex investigations of textual categories within the scope of diachrony and synchrony to be expanded. To achieve the tasks traditional methods are used, i.e., descriptive-analytical, contextual, philological interpretation of the text. Ancient texts study, a case of particular practical applying of the triad “text - style - discourse”, causes the address to the idea of particular and universal discourses. Style, the materialized aesthetic emotion, is considered as the result of the materialization of courtois ideals by means of a certain set of stylistic devices, differentiated in the literary compositions of the courtois Provençal school. Syntactic segment gains in the course of time the etalon status. Due to the volatility of particular discourses of the universal courtois cultural discourse the courtois etalon of the mature stage of the courtois lyrics development, under some altering turned into the etalon of the Northern courtois modification, close to the Provençal one. The analysis also confirms the fact of some existence courtois universalia modified in the courtois discourse.
19
Ponelis, F. "Hesseling: ’n eeu later." Literator 20, no. 1 (April 26, 1999): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v20i1.441.
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Hesseling: a century laterThe Dutch linguist D.C. Hesseling was a pioneer of creole studies. The first evidence of Hesseling's interest in language contact and creole languages was his publications on Afrikaans. Hesseling formulated the core of his approach to the origin of Afrikaans in an 1897 article and greatly elaborated his ideas on the subject in the book Het Afrikaansch, published in 1899. This was the first truly scientific study of Afrikaans.Hesseling placed emergent Afrikaans within the colonial Dutch contact situation. In his wide-ranging and penetrating sociohistórical analysis of the seventeenth-century language contact situation at the Cape, Hesseling discounted the impact of either Koi or French and German on emergent Afrikaans. He singled out the creole Portuguese introduced by slaves as the main factor in the formation of Afrikaans from colloquial seventeenthcentury Dutch. Some of the issues raised by Hesseling have been hotly disputed, but his approach has remained at the centre of the discourse on Afrikaans historical linguistics.Hesseling's involvement in the diachrony of early Afrikaans was partly stimulated by his passionate interest in the language politics of the emergent Afrikaans standard language. He was the very first linguist of stature to argue for the standardisation of Afrikaans. Moreover, his ideas on the viability of Afrikaans as a local standard language in competition with both English and Dutch have been borne out, though they had been discounted within contemporary Afrikaner Nationalist discourse.
20
Olbertz, Hella. "The Perfect in (Brazilian) Portuguese: A Functional Discourse Grammar View." Open Linguistics 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 478–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0024.
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AbstractIn most Germanic and Romance languages the present perfect has developed from a resultative meaning via an anterior into absolute past. In Functional Discourse Grammar terms this corresponds to the grammaticalization of a phasal aspectual operator at the layer of the Configurational Property, via a relative tense operator at the layer of the State-of-Affairs, into an absolute tense operator at the layer of the Episode. This is what happened in Romance languages, such as French and Italian, while Peninsular Spanish is developing in the same direction, without as yet having fully reached the absolute past stage. The Portuguese present perfect, however, is different as it does not express resultative aspect, relative past or absolute past meaning but rather the iteration or continuity of an event from some past moment onward until after the moment of speaking. A further idiosyncrasy of the perfect in Portuguese is that the auxiliary is based on Latin tenere rather than habere, as is the case in the other Romance languages. This paper describes the semantic and the morphosyntactic aspects of the grammaticalization of the (Brazilian) Portuguese perfect in diachrony and synchrony. It turns out that (i) the medieval habere-based Portuguese present perfect becomes obsolete and the past perfect develops into a relative past, (ii) the post-medieval tenere-based past perfect turns into a relative past as well, whereas (iii) the tenere-based present perfect undergoes semantic specialization in the course of the 20th century. This paper shows how these facts can be accounted for within the Functional Discourse Grammar approach to the grammaticalization of aspect and tense.
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Marchello-Nizia, Christiane. "Prépositions françaises en diachronie." Grammaticalisation 25, no. 2 (August 31, 2003): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.25.2.03mar.
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Summary Since the 17th century, French has had both the categories of adverbs and prepositions, each represented by specific morphemes. In Old French however, this situation was different : one morpheme could then function as preposition, adverb, particle, verbal prefixe and subordinating element. In the light of recent theories concerning changes of grammatical categories and the notion of ‘emergent grammar’, a matter of concern should be whether these different categories have to be distinguished for Old and Middle French, or whether these morphemes are to be considered as making part of multi-functional or even multi-categorial paradigms. In the latter case, each paradigm would express one notion or a series of related notions. A concrete analysis of the usage of four such morphemes, aval, par, tres and en, from 1000 to 1500 shows how these ‘prepositions’ evolve from multi-categorial to mono-categorial usage. This reduction of pluri-categorial morphemes in French can be explained by a more general change at the level of the French grammatical macro-system, leading towards an increasing iconicity, where one function is expressed by one single form.
22
Rainer, Franz. "Étude diachronique sur l’emploi adjectival des noms français en -iste." Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur 127, no. 1-2 (2017): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/zfsl-2017-0002.
23
Bilchenko, E. "POETRY, PHILOSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY IN THE LIGHT OF CULTUROLOGY: DIALOGUE STRATEGY." EurasianUnionScientists 4, no. 3(84) (April 15, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2021.4.84.1292.
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In the article, on the interdisciplinary methodological basis of the classical semiotics of culture and cultural comparative studies, supplemented by the developments of Lacanism and post-Lacanian psychoanalysis of the Ljubljana school, information aesthetics and tranzaesthetics, critical theory, French structuralism and poststructuralism, a strategy of dialogue between poetry and philosophy as the phenomena of traditional Logos in postmoderism is developed. ... The main problem of the modern poetic word is the loss of ontological adequations and spiritual implications by the text as a result of the inclusion of artistic creativity in the cyberspace of global digital multicultural capitalism. A comparative analysis of the projects of globalism and anti-globalism has demonstrated the priority of commercial culture as a prestigious social model for the formation of the poet's symbolic capital and network promotion. The orientation of the free market towards the sponsor's occupation of poetic creativity increasingly deprives poetry of the semantic invariants of authentic civilizational memory, which is eroded by trends in branding, advertising, and image, and is transformed into a souvenir, simulacrum, ersatz, and trademark. The only guarantor of the actualization of the basic cultural meanings of poetry is traditionalism, but its often grotesque, ultra-conservative and nostalgic character is not able to maintain the competitiveness of the tradition, its attractiveness for the younger generation and vivid personal subjectivity. A harmonious balance between traditionalism and postmodernism in poetry is possible if new technologies are used as forms of presentation and means of promoting the classical poetic tradition in the modern world, while maintaining the primacy of the goal for poetry, in relation to which the “creativity” of managerial entrepreneurship is a secondary means. We regard poetry as a point of semiotic intersection of a static sign in space (syntagma) and dynamic meaning in time (paradigm). Inside this point, in the zero phoneme, the author resides, regaining integrity, continuity, essence and selfhood instead of gaping, alienation and lack due to the correct correlation of the ontological goals of poetry and its ontic cases. Poetry in this context is a kind of a formula for the harmony of the metonymy of the real-symbolic language of culture and the metaphor of its ideal imaginary meanings. To find harmony between tradition and innovation, metaphysics and dialectics, synchronicity and diachrony, the gene code of culture and a historically labile cultural image is capable of culturology as a science based on philosophy (ontology and axiology), philology (hermeneutics and journalism), social sciences.
24
Seidova, Nargiz. "Diachronic Analysis and Deictic Means of French Benevolences and Curses." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 48, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for21.26dia.
Abstract:
Benevolences and curses, integral and authentic part of the discourse, most clearly reflect the culture of people. The use of these expressions in the communication space of different languages indicates the need for their study from the standpoint of linguistics, folklore, stylistics, rhetoric, psychology, cultural studies and other sciences. This article provides diachronic analysis and examines the deictic means of French benevolences and curses in the French language. The material for the study was the texts of the Bible, French epic poems, medieval legends, ballads, tales, and fiction. When considering this topic, the author used both general and special scientific methods and techniques: a historical-etymological method, a descriptive method that includes methods for observing, comparing, interpreting and classifying the material being studied; semantic identification method; distribution method. Comparing the medieval French discourse with the modern French language, the author examined the grammatical and semantic evolution, which underwent benevolences and curses.
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Ingerflom, Claudio S. "REQUIEM FOR THE STATE — SOCIETY PARADIGM." Ural Historical Journal 76, no. 3 (2022): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-74-83.
Abstract:
R. Koselleck laid down and developed the foundations of understanding history as a process in the plural. Begriffsgeschichte is not just a history of concepts. Conceptual history suggests research work, which is based on the theory of historical times and vice versa, the theory, constantly tested by specific historical research. From these positions, the author of this article emphasizes the irrelevance of the evolutionist and teleological paradigms used within the framework of the positivist approach to studying history. It is noted that already from the first third of the 19th century the study of the history of each country was carried out in the context of the “state — society” opposition. This led to the transformation of the concepts formed in the era of modernity into analytical categories for reading earlier sources and modern interpretation of the distant past. There are two reasons for the existence of such a view of history: 1) political — aimed at artificially creating a long genealogy of the state, which was used by dictatorial regimes that want to give themselves a strong historical legitimacy; 2) epistemological, which is the result of an incorrect identification of word and concept. This confusion is based on the assumption that words represent ideas which contain a permanent semantic core, that is, ideas can adapt to change, but the core does not change. This attitude, according to the author, leads to a cognitive impasse. A vivid illustration of this situation is the use of the phrases “feudal state” or “state of the Middle Ages”, in the time of which the very word state (estado, état) meant “dignity”, “status” and could have other connotations, but did not have the meaning it acquired when it became a concept meaning a legal and political order based on popular sovereignty, representation, equality and other phenomena born of the French Revolution. In Russia, the meaning of the concept of “state” changed at the end of the 18th century with the simultaneous coexistence of the previous patrimonialist semantics inherent in both the term “sovereign” and the actual functioning of the Russian Imperial system. This traditional semantics was also present in the 20th century both in the imperial family and among the people. Consequently, the historian must take into account both the repeatability of structures and the uniqueness of events. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to identify the coexistence of different temporalities, the modernity of what is not modern, and to avoid division into diachrony and synchrony. It is this approach that best reflects the main heuristic value of Koselleck’s theory of historical times for concrete historical research.
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Law, James. "Diachronic frame analysis." Constructions and Frames 11, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 43–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.00023.law.
Abstract:
Abstract Frame Semantics offers a valuable perspective on mechanisms of semantic change, particularly metonymy. However, corpus-based frame analysis has rarely been applied to diachronic data. The potential of this approach is illustrated with a diachronic description of the Purpose frame in French, based on 1,429 tokens of 17 frame-evoking words. Metonymic mappings in the frame allow Means and Medium to replace Agent. A multinomial logistic regression model shows that usage of these mappings has increased since 1600 and is conditioned by genre and the frequency and grammatical category of the frame-evoking word. The approach may inform how metonymy leads to lexicalized semantic change.
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Vesselinov, Dimitar. "To the History of a Word Introduced by Hristo Botev." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 49, no. 3 (June 20, 2022): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for22.309kumi.
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to present the history of a French loanword, introduced in Bulgarian language by the poet-publicist Hristo Botev. The research is within the realm of diachronic empruntology, viewed as a science for tracking interlanguage lexical transfers in their chronological order. The object of research is the lexeme "francophile", in the process of work the method of empruntological diachronic analysis being applied, which includes establishing the first text fixation of the french loan in standard Bulgarian language. The fate of the word in French and in Bulgarian languages is presented. Parallelly with this different derivative forms, which are compared to their Bulgarian counterparts. The results obtained allow for reconstruction of Bulgarian language fate of the French lexical creation "francophile" in a formal and semantic perspective, allowing for comparison of connotative uses of the French loan word francophile.
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Stein, Achim. "Diachronic syntax based on constituency and dependency annotated corpora." Romance Parsed Corpora 18, no. 1 (July 13, 2018): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.00005.ste.
Abstract:
Abstract This contribution presents two syntactically annotated corpora of Old French, Modéliser le changement: les voies du français (MCVF) and the Syntactic Reference Corpus of Medieval French (SRCMF). The focus is on how the underlying syntactic theory (constituency vs. dependency) influences the grammar model and how this choice is reflected in the syntactic annotations of the corpora. The comparison relates to the most relevant general properties of the corpora as well as to two phenomena, null subjects and cleft constructions. Null subjects highlight possible conflicts between syntactic annotation models and syntactic theory, and the information-structural properties of cleft constructions pose a particular problem for the interpretation and annotation of historical corpora. Both phenomena are major instances of diachronic variation in French. The study is relevant for corpus users working on diachronic syntax, as well for corpus builders wishing to design a grammar model for annotation.
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Kragh, Kirsten Jeppesen, and Lene Schøsler. "Variational approach to the use of the preposition vu and the conjunction vu que in French." Globe: A Journal of Language, Culture and Communication 17 (December 18, 2023): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ojs.globe.v17i.8196.
Abstract:
Inspired by Erling’s abiding interest in variational linguistics, our contribution aims at exploring two interesting, yet rather unexplored, cases of grammaticalization processes – i.e. the grammaticalization and subsequent actualization (Andersen 2001a, 2008) of the preposition vu (‘since’) and the conjunction vu que (‘given’) in French. Our paper is intended to investigate these items, which are found in French from the Middle French period, in order to consider whether they are introduced “from above” or “from below”. Most frequently, innovations start from below, i.e. in unmarked contexts.1 In Modern French the preposition vu is mainly found in legal texts, whereas vu que seems to have spread from legal texts to other registers. This suggests a diachronic process starting from above. We intend to investigate this question by use of diverse corpora including administrative language, novels, historical texts, and web-language, focusing on the role of diachronic, diaphasic (text type), and diamesic variation parameters.
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Donaldson, Bryan. "Diachronie de la négation phrastique en français : apports d'une approche sociohistorique." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 63, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2017.46.
Abstract:
AbstractThis article examines the evolution of Old French sentential negation from a sociohistorical perspective. In Old French, simple negation (ne + verb) comes increasingly into competition with the innovative reinforced or bipartite variant (ne + verb + pas/mie/point). Starting from the hypothesis that the distribution of conservative and innovative forms varies by language register, frequencies of each form are analyzed in represented speech and in narrative, two distinct registers within a single text. In some texts, register is shown to influence the distribution of the variants, with higher rates of reinforced negation appearing in represented speech as opposed to narrative passages. Furthermore, some of the data reveal gender variation, with the represented speech of men appearing more innovative than that of women with respect to negation. The results suggest that the form of sentential negation in Old French was influenced by sociostylistic factors.
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Shibasaki, Reijirou. "Diachronic Aspects of Preferred Argument Structure in English and Broader Implications." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 28, no. 1 (August 14, 2002): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v28i1.3844.
Abstract:
Building on speculations from preceding studies, this study aims to determine whether Preferred Argument Structure (PAS, Du Bois 1987) holds for early stages of English. As Ashby & Bentivoglio (to appear) concede in their concluding remarks, a simple comparison of PAS, in Old French and Modem French for example, is not sufficient for uncovering and understanding the nature of PAS. Therefore, this study aims to show the gradual transition of PAS in the history of English.
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De Wit, Astrid, Adeline Patard, and Frank Brisard. "A contrastive analysis of the present progressive in French and English." Studies in Language 37, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 846–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.37.4.05wit.
Abstract:
In this study, we address the semantics of the present progressive constructions in French and English by looking into their present-day uses and their diachronic evolution. Corpus data show that both constructions are frequently used in contemporary English and French to stress the atypical nature of situations. This suggests that these constructions share an epistemic core meaning, which we define as “contingency in immediate reality”. However, in terms of concrete usage types which elaborate this meaning in context, the two progressive constructions differ significantly: the French progressive occurs in fewer types of context than its English counterpart and it is, overall, less frequently used and not obligatory for referring to present-time events, as is usually the case in English. We argue that these differences can be systematically related to the different diachronic evolutions that have shaped the present-tense paradigms in both languages.
33
Gavrilov, Lev A. "FRENCH BELLES-LETTRES LANGUAGE IN DIACHRONIC ASPECT (XVII-XXI)." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Linguistics), no. 3 (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-712x-2020-3-53-59.
34
Labelle, Marie, and M. Teresa Espinal. "Diachronic changes in negative expressions: The case of French." Lingua 145 (June 2014): 194–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.04.002.
35
Bakker, Cecile de. "Synchronic and diachronic variation in the French il-construction." Linguistics in the Netherlands 12 (August 31, 1995): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.12.03bak.
36
Lavidas, Nikolaos. "Review of Heidinger (2010): French Anticausatives: A diachronic perspective." Diachronica 30, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.2.07lav.
37
Bírová, Jana. "On Secondary School Leaving Examination from French – Diachronic Survey and a Contemporary State Analysis." Scientia et Eruditio 1, no. 3 (2017): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/2585-8556/2017/1/3/52-66.
38
Longobardi, Giuseppe. "Formal Syntax, Diachronic Minimalism, and Etymology: The History of French, Chez." Linguistic Inquiry 32, no. 2 (April 2001): 275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00243890152001771.
Abstract:
Current theories place very mild constraints on possible diachronic changes, something at odds with the trivial observation that actual, “language change” represents a tiny fraction of the variation made a priori available by Universal Grammar. Much recent work in diachronic syntax has actually been guided by the aim of describing changes (e.g., parameter resetting), rather than by concerns of genuine explanation. Here I suggest a radically different viewpoint (the Inertial, Theory of diachronic syntax), namely, that syntactic change not provably due to interference should not occur at all as a primitive-that is, unless forced by changes in the phonology, the semantics, or the lexicon, perhaps ultimately by interface or grammar-external pressures, in line with the minimalist enterprise in synchronic linguistics. I concentrate on a single case, the etymology of Modern French chez, showing howthe proposed approach attains a high degree of explanatory adequacy.
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Uth, Melanie. "The Diachronic Development of French -age between Usage-Related Shifts and Grammatical Change." Language Dynamics and Change 6, no. 2 (2016): 284–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00602003.
Abstract:
French -age developed from Latin relational adjectives in -aticus that were by and by nominalized, thereby incorporating the former head noun as a semantic constituent. In this article, it is argued that the Modern French -age derivation originated from the (re-)association of a semantically vacuous formative and an abstract semantic feature. This semantic feature gradually emerged through abstraction from the existing concrete derivatives and, once established, has determined the range of possible interpretations of newly coined formations up to this day. The most important result of the analysis is that, apart from a structural reanalysis of the Latin nominalized relational -aticus adjectives, French -age did not undergo any meaning change at all, the stability of its meaning being due to the abovementioned continuous interplay between the abstract semantic feature and the usage of the various concrete -age nominalizations.
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Ferrerós-Pagès, Carla. "Verbs That Express Passive Hearing in Catalan and French: Semantic Change of the Forms sentir (Catalan) and entendre (French)." Languages 7, no. 4 (November 24, 2022): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7040301.
Abstract:
This paper aims to study the meanings of passive auditory perception verbs in Catalan (sentir) and French (entendre) with regards to diachronic semantic change and from the point of view of cognitive semantics. These verbs do not originally encode the meaning related to perception, at least not historically. By taking examples drawn from diachronic and synchronic lexicographical sources, I have analyzed the meanings conveyed by these two verbs and their metaphorical and metonymic projections from their origin to their current use. This research provides new data on semantic extensions related to verbs of perception: certain projections that are frequently related to this kind of verb do not always occur in the direction predicted by inter-linguistic studies. Particularly, the study of the evolution in the French form entendre contradicts the expectations that can be drawn from other studies of verbs on this conceptional domain in that it seems to have evolved in the opposite direction, i.e., from intellectual understanding to sensorial perception.
41
Troberg, Michelle, and Heather Burnett. "Le prédicat résultatif adjectival en français médiéval." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 37, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 156–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.37.1.06tro.
Abstract:
The goal of this article is to show that adjectival resultative secondary predication was a syntactic possibility in Medieval French. From a diachronic point of view, the presence of this construction is surprising given that it is attested neither in Latin nor in Modern French. From a typological point of view, the presence of adjectival resultative secondary predicates in Old French is somewhat expected given the presence of other resultative secondary predication constructions during that period. This study takes a predominantly descriptive point of view with the aim of contributing to our knowledge of this stage of the French language and its evolution with respect to other languages.
42
Lagorgette, Dominique. "Quelques pistes pour une étude diachronique des titres en français : monsieur, monseigneur, milord." Langue française 149, no. 1 (2006): 92–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/lfr.2006.6875.
Abstract:
Dominique Lagorgette : Elements for the diachronic study of French honorifics : monsieur, monseigneur, milord. This article focuses on the diachronic study ofthe French series of honorifics composed by the possessive adjective and a title (as in monseigneur). It first questions the morphological regularity ofthe whole series (comparing the masculine forms with the feminine nouns madame and mademoiselle) and their syntactical properties, in particular regarding the adjunction of articles (le monsieur I *la madame). It then concentrates on the masculine series (monsieur, monseigneur and milord) in order to underline how enunciative and pragmatic parameters seem to have govemed its development during the middle ages : our hypothsesis is that the early possibility for those titles of respect (with the article) to show axiological judgements is linked to their use within the curial style and the anaphorical article ledit.
43
Saric, Antonija, and Krunoslav Pavlovic. "Diachronic Semantic and Morphological Analysis of Abstract Noun Doublets of Norman-French and Anglo-Saxon Origin." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i2.19712.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to show how Norman-French influenced the modern English language with an emphasis on abstract nouns. Old English spoken by Angles, Saxons and Jutes provided roots for only about a half of the commonly words used in the modern English language. Apart from all the other languages like Norse, Latin, Dutch, Greek, Arabic, Hindi (from India), Spanish and Native American languages that have also contributed to Modern English it was Norman-French that changed it completely. Beginning with the Norman invasion in 1066, Norman-French or Anglo-Norman, which was a French dialect that had considerable Germanic roots in addition to the basic Latin roots, caused metamorphosis from Old English to Middle English. Due to the fact that Norman-French was spoken by the aristocracy that tended to express themselves in an exalted manner, there are many abstract nouns of Norman-French origin that have survived and become a part of Modern English. However, those words have not completely replaced the Old English equivalents, they have rather existed simultaneously. This paper will provide a semantic and morphological analysis how those noun doublets have changed and developed through the history. Although in the paper not all the existing doublets are analysed, but only 10 pairs of them, and although some of them cannot be thoroughly analysed due to a lack of adequate sources, it will be possible to draw certain conclusions and realize some tendencies.
44
Karas, Hilla, and Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot. "Intralingual Diachronic Translation and Transfer: The Case of Old French." Romance Studies 39, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02639904.2021.2002553.
45
ÁLVAREZ-PRENDES, Emma. "Les marqueurs cela dit et ceci dit en diachronie : analyse contrastive de leurs valeurs." Çédille, no. 23 (2023): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.cedille.2023.23.09.
Abstract:
Here we conduct a detailed study of the value of two different discourse markers (cela dit and ceci dit) from their first appearance in the French language until now. We also carry out an investigation on the possible parallelisms of the usages of these markers with the usages of the indexical adverbs at their origins (ici and là). To accomplish these goals, we review the evolution of the French system of indexical adverbs and the historical changes that they have undergone.
46
Sayers, William. "Animal vocalization and human polyglossia in Walter of Bibbesworth’s thirteenth-century domestic treatise in Anglo-Norman French and Middle English." Sign Systems Studies 37, no. 3/4 (December 1, 2009): 525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2009.37.3-4.08.
Abstract:
Walter of Bibbesworth’s late thirteenth-century versified treatise on French vocabulary relevant to the management of estates in Britain has the first extensive list of animal vocalizations in a European vernacular. Many of the Anglo-Norman French names for animals and their sounds are glossed in Middle English, inviting both diachronic and synchronic views of the capacity of these languages for onomatopoetic formation and reflection on the interest of these social and linguistic communities in zoosemiotics.
47
ESHER, LOUISE. "Morphome death and transfiguration in the history of French." Journal of Linguistics 53, no. 1 (January 6, 2016): 51–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000468.
Abstract:
Maiden (e.g. 2009a) shows that treating the paradigmatic distribution of root allomorphy in Romance verbs as morphomic, in the sense of Aronoff (1994), provides a coherent explanation for the diachronic behaviour of such allomorphy. The major templates for distribution (‘metamorphomes’, Round 2015) shared by most Romance varieties are also found in early French, but are not well represented in the modern language, which has developed new metamorphomes. By charting the diachronic development of metamorphomes in French, this study investigates the processes responsible for change to such templates. Overall, the French data point to segmental sound change as the central factor in change to metamorphomes: segmental sound change modifies the observable paradigmatic distribution of allomorphs, reducing the number of lexemes in which an existing metamorphomic template could be deduced, and increasing the number of lexemes across which a novel metamorphomic generalisation can be made. The loss of existing metamorphomes, and the rise of new ones, can be considered a single process, of metamorphomic templates changing shape as further paradigm cells attach to or defect from them. This process must be distinguished from changes in metamorphome shape due to the creation or elimination of paradigm categories for independent morphosyntactic reasons.
48
Mossberg, Mari. "Les conjonctions concessives à valeur réelle." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 44, no. 2 (December 16, 2009): 218–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.44.2.03mos.
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to compare the function and use of French and Swedish concessive conjunctions (bien que / quoique / encore que vs. trots att / fast / fastän). The analysis is based on a translation corpus, comprising French and Swedish fiction and non-fiction texts, and their translations into Swedish and French, respectively. It is argued that the semantic variation observed in the data is the result of a general diachronic semantic change including the following steps: nonsubjective > subjective > intersubjective. This reconstructive approach makes it possible to suggest a probable evolutionary path of the French and Swedish conjunctions and to determine their degree of grammaticalisation. The study also investigates differences in the use of the concessive conjunctions in fiction and non-fiction texts.
49
Operstein, Natalie. "The Spanish component in Lingua Franca." Language Ecology 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.1.2.01ope.
Abstract:
Abstract The best-documented variety of Lingua Franca (lf), the one spoken in Algiers just before the French colonization of Algeria, comprises three main Romance lexical components; in order of numerical importance, these are Italian, Spanish and French. While it is agreed that the French component is the most recent one, the relationship between the Spanish and the Italian components has given rise to competing diachronic interpretations. This paper examines probable Spanish contributions to Algerine lf in the lexicon, copula and pronominal possession. It contributes to our understanding of the origins and evolution of Algerine lf, as revealed through language-internal analysis of its lexical and structural components.
50
Chelysheva, I. I. "Roman World and the Dutch language: languages in contact." Linguistics and Language Teaching 17, no. 2 (2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2022-17-2-91-102.
Abstract:
The article focuses on the diachronic contacts of Romance languages, primarily French, with the Dutch language. Both north-eastern regions of France and Wallonia in Belgium border on the linguistic areal of Dutch. Dynamic contacts started in the early Middle Ages, which brought a number of loanwords into French. These, penetrating mainly through spoken language, were subject to major phonetic and morphological transformations. Two languages coexisting in the same state, the Duchy of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, are of special interest. The article also deals with French linguonyms and ethnicons applied in historical context to Dutch and the native speakers of Dutch.