Relevant bibliographies by topics / French diachrony

Academic literature on the topic 'French diachrony'

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Published: 7 July 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "French diachrony":

1

Zeijlstra, Hedde. "Pas de Problème: The Distribution and Nature of Double Negation in French and Other Romance Negative Concord Languages." Languages 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8020118.

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Most Romance negative concord (NC) languages in particular configurations give rise to double negation (DN) readings. In this article, I discuss an intricate DN pattern in French. After discussing some previous accounts, I provide an analysis of French pas (and in its slipstream also of the French expletive negative element ne) that takes pas to be a purely semantically but not formally (i.e., syntactically) negative element. I then argue that the reason why French pas is so different from other negative markers lies in its diachrony and show that other attested asymmetries between the formal properties of negative markers and neg-words in Romance must receive a diachronic explanation as well.
2

ROBERTS, Ian. "Some remarks on the diachrony of French negation." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 16, spe (2000): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502000000300008.

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Based on the history of negation in French, this paper proposes a parametrization of how languages may morphologically express the logical structure of negation provided by UG. It is argued that the change of French negation is driven by a general economy principle governing language acquisition, which favors shorter chains over longer ones. It is also claimed that this change correlates with a change in the determiner system which leads negative chains to develop from indefinite chains
3

Shaw, Wyn Francis. "Old French Si, Syntax and Function in Diachrony." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.120.

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This article offers a diachronic analysis of the Old French particle si. Using data from both verse and prose texts, I analyse the function and syntax of si from the 12th to 14th centuries. I find that si fulfills a variety of functions throughout the period, beginning as a subject continuity marker before acquiring functions as a resumptive and an expletive among others. Si’s syntax is defined by its proximity to the verb, occupying the specifier of the left-peripheral head which hosts the verb. This head changes through the Old French period from the lower left peripheral head Fin to the higher head Force. These findings are shown to have ramifications for the study of Medieval Romance syntax and discourse particles.
4

Montaño, Francisco Antonio. "Syllable contact effects as a diachronic precursor to mora licensing in early French /sC/ clusters." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, no. 2 (April 11, 2024): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.282.

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This paper proposes that Old French coda /s/ deletion (11th-13th centuries) forms part of a broader diachronic progression of ever-stricter requirements on the sonority contour of /sC/ clusters in syllable contact, reframing part of a well-known moraic analysis (Gess 1998a, 1999, and later work) of Old French coda loss phenomena. Given the multistage rollout of coda /s/ deletion as a function of the sonority of the following onset, an approach hinging on syllable contact constraints not only offers a more detailed and precise formalization of the diachrony of word-medial /sC/ in Old French, but also draws systemic connections with cognate processes affecting /sC/ clusters in early French such as prothesis and earlier Proto-French stop epenthesis. The Optimality-Theoretic analysis presented here formalizes these phenomenological links and the constraints on syllable-contact sonority using the Split Margin Approach to the Syllable (Baertsch 2002, Baertsch & Davis 2003). Rather than sonority-graded mora-licensing constraints causing Old French coda /s/ deletion, the present account argues that their ranking above Faith is instead the acquisitional outcome of the near-total absence of coda /s/ across the lexicon, as a culminative result of the progressive tightening of syllable contact requirements.
5

Blanco, Xavier. "Linguistique informatique et linguistique diachronique : une alliance nécessaire." Neophilologica 2019 33 (November 10, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/neo.2021.33.15.

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In this paper, we will try to show how formal linguistics applied to the study of diachrony can be a fundamental asset for research (and consequently also for teaching at a university level) in the field of French language and literature. We will treat successively the analysis of the support verbs (§2), the realization verbs (§3), the intensity collocations (§4) and the pragmatically restricted clichés (§5). In each section, we will present and discuss numerous examples in medieval French accompanied by their published translations into contemporary French.
6

Alcolado Carnicero, José Miguel. "Diachrony of code switching stages in medieval business accounts." Journal of Historical Linguistics 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 378–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.18001.car.

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Abstract This article presents the results of a diachronic survey on the multilingual account books authored by the wardens of the Mercers’ premier livery company of the City of London from 1390 to 1464. The study deployed here applies an extended version of Wright’s three-stage model of code switched business writing that introduces a previous phase of Romance monolingualism and a later phase of English monolingualism. It is found that the change from Latin and French to English as the new language of business record in the London Mercers’ archives was orderly and gradual rather than straightforward, and characterised by a less predictable intervening code switching period. The analysis is of considerable value for expanding our knowledge of medieval written multilingualism, as well as for the development of English as an administrative language.
7

HANSEN, MAJ-BRITT MOSEGAARD. "A comparative study of the semantics and pragmatics of enfin and finalement, in synchrony and diachrony." Journal of French Language Studies 15, no. 2 (July 2005): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269505002048.

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This article compares and contrasts two related adverbs, enfin and finalement, in synchrony and diachrony. Both are polysemous in contemporary French, and largely intersubstitutable in many contexts. However, the functional range of enfin is much greater than that of finalement. Evidence is presented for the existence of a division of labour, such that speakers seem to favour finalement for more ‘literal’ functions, i.e. for the expression of temporal sequence, whereas enfin is preferred for more abstract, non-propositional functions. This is attributed to the respective formal properties and degree of grammaticalisation of the two expressions, which can also explain why enfin has developed a vastly greater range of abstract, non-propositional functions than finalement. The argument is supported by diachronic evidence that the functional extension of enfin has gone hand in hand with significant changes in the formal status of the expression, while functional extension of finalement stops at approximately the time when enfin begins to expand its range.
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Palasis, Katerina. "Subject clitics and preverbal negation in European French: Variation, acquisition, diatopy and diachrony." Lingua 161 (July 2015): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.11.012.

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Hummel, Martin, Adrian Chircu, Jairo Javier García Sánchez, Benjamín García-Hernández, Stefan Koch, David Porcel Bueno, and Inka Wissner. "Prepositional adverbials in the diachrony of Romance: a state of the art." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 1080–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0062.

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Abstract The paper provides a state of the art in research on prepositional adverbials in Romance that combine a preposition with an adjective, e.g., Sp. en breve ‘in short’ (= PA-pattern). It therefore reviews the existing bibliography on Romance in general, Latin, Catalan, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. The theoretical background is the hypothesis that the PA-pattern could have played a relevant role as a third way of forming adverbials in the diachrony of Romance, paralleling adverbial adjectives (e.g., breve used as an adverb: hablar breve) and derived adverbs (e.g., brevemente). The review confirms that the PA-pattern is marginal in (written) Latin but rises abruptly in early Romance, suggesting a “hidden” past in spoken Latin. This is corroborated by the fact that similar PA-patterns are used in all Romance languages. However, these insights have often to be deduced from marginal observations on the adverbials in use. As yet, research has not systematically studied the role of PA adverbials in the diachrony of Romance.
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Zubkova, Mariya, and Elena Kopylova. "The Structure of Interrogative Sentences with a Nominal Subject in the French Language in a Diachronic Aspect." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2287-1505-v102.

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The article is focused on the study of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in the French language in terms of structural criteria in a diachronic aspect. The purpose of this study is to reveal the features of the so-called complex inversion in interrogative sentences. Special attention is paid to terminological problems. Pronominal reprise is recognized by the authors as the most correct term for an interrogative construction with a nominal subject duplicated by a personal pronoun. The lack of uniformity in terminology indicates a multidimensional nature of the inversion phenomenon in the French language. For instance, in addition to interrogative sentences, it can be used in other contexts: in simple declarative sentences after certain adverbs, in subordinate clauses after some conjunctions, in exclamatory sentences, etc. The authors highlight and describe the characteristic features of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in terms of diachrony. Pronominal reprise appears in interrogative constructions as early as in the 16th century, mainly in general questions, subsequently extending to special questions. In the 16th – 17th centuries, the subject did not regularly precede the verb; the same applied to interrogative words, which could be placed both to the left and to the right of the subject. In sentences with a nominal subject, reprise was not the only possible structural option. The following were also used: direct word order, construction question word + est-ce que, and simple inversion. The authors come to the conclusion that pronominal reprise had finally replaced simple inversion of the nominal subject in general questions in French by the end of the 17th century.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "French diachrony":

1

Cruchet, Jean. "Le système des pronoms personnels français : perspective diachronique, typologique et anthropologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL025.

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Le présent travail se donne trois objectifs : (i) décrire et expliquer l'importante transformation du système du pronom personnel français entre le 10ème siècle et le 15ème siècle, (ii) concevoir l'insertion de cette évolution locale dans une dynamique évolutive globale du français médiéval, et enfin, (iii) penser les éventuels rapports entre cette évolution linguistique et les transformations anthropologiques qui ont marqué le Moyen Age occidental. En nous fondant sur les recherches précédentes, ainsi que sur une étude de corpus, nous montrons que le système du pronom personnel français a évolué selon une dynamique de spécialisation catégorielle. Les pronoms régimes pleins (moi, toi, lui, eux) remplacent le pronom sujet dans ses emplois toniques, celui-ci s'immobilise et devient obligatoire en précession immédiate du verbe, et les pronoms régime minimaux (me, te, le…) perdent la possibilité d'être postposé à l'indicatif. Il en résulte un système opposant des pronoms syntaxiquement indépendants du verbe et casuellement indifférenciés (moi, toi, lui, eux) à des pronoms inséparables du verbe qui marquent morphologiquement le rang actanciel (je, tu, il, me, te, le…). Ce phénomène de spécialisation catégorielle a par ailleurs été identifié comme une tendance évolutive plus générale en diachronie du français, mais principalement, jusqu'ici, en ce qui concerne l'émergence d'une opposition systématique entre déterminants et pronoms. Nous rendons compte de cette tendance en faisant le point sur l'évolution de deux autres systèmes déictiques, celui des démonstratifs et celui des possessifs. A la lumière de cet ensemble d'observations, il apparait que la spécialisation catégorielle a coïncidé, en français, avec un transfert de la subjectivité évaluative et modale des systèmes grammaticaux vers le lexique. Seuls les pronoms personnels minimaux ont conservé certaines propriétés évaluatives (datif inaliénable) et modales (injonction, interrogation). En prenant essentiellement appui sur deux ouvrages, La mesure du monde, de Paul Zumthor (1993), et La mesure de la réalité, d'Alfred Crosby (2003), mais aussi sur la théorie guillaumienne du nombre grammaticale, ainsi que certaines réflexions d'Henri Bergson concernant la multiplicité, le temps et l'espace, nous proposons d'établir un parallèle entre ce que nous observons sur le plan linguistique et certains changements anthropologiques qui auraient profondément marqué l'occident médiéval. Alors que les notions de multiplicité, de temps et d'espace étaient indissociables, au Moyen Age, de l'expérience concrète et personnelle du sujet (corporelle et affective), elles se sont peu à peu abstraites et objectivées. Dans le même temps, la langue française a évolué en tendant à exclure l'expérience subjective personnelle de ses structures grammaticales
This work is motivated by three objectives: (i) describing and explaining the important transformation of the French personal pronoun system, (ii) conceiving the insertion of this local evolution in a global evolutional dynamic of medieval French, and (iii) thinking the possible relations between this linguistic evolution and the anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages. According to previous researches, and grounding on a corpus study, I show that the French personal pronoun system has evolved by following a categorical specialization dynamic. The whole process can be divided in three interconnected phenomena: grammaticalization of subject pronouns, extension of the uses of strong object pronouns (moi, toi, lui, eux) and further grammaticalization of weak object pronouns (loss of the post-position possibility). As a result, the modern system opposes pronouns which are independent of the verb and don't have nominal declension to pronouns which are inseparable of the verb and mark syntactical functions, while the old system opposes subject pronouns to object pronouns. This evolution is then compared to that of two other deictic systems: demonstratives and possessives. This tends to show that in French diachrony, the categorical specialization goes along with the transfer of modal and evaluative markers from grammatical systems to lexicon. In the last part of this work, a parallel between the previous linguistic observations and anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages is proposed. This is achieved by mainly relying on the following publications and ideas: La mesure du monde (Paul Zumthor, 1993) and La mesure de la réalité (Alfred Crosby, 2003), Gustave Guillaume's grammatical number theory, and thoughts by Henri Bergson regarding multiplicity, space and time. Whereas, in the Middle Ages, multiplicity, space and time were inseparable from the concrete and personal experience of subjectivity, these notions progressively became more objective and abstract. At the same time, the French language evolved following a tendency to exclude personal experience from its grammatical structures
2

Rosenberg, Maria. "La formation agentive en français : les composés [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A et les dérivés V-ant, V-eur et V-oir(e)." Phd thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486981.

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This study addresses the French morphological construction [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A. The main objectives are to posit a single rule for its formation and to question the implications of the agent polysemy. The theoretical framework is lexeme-based morphology, which adheres to weak lexicalism. The first part of our analysis is qualitative and concerns the availability aspect of productivity. The method is introspective. The internal semantic patterns of the French construction are examined. Our results give evidence for the claim that a single morphological construction rule, [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A, is responsible for the cases where the first constituent is a verb stem, and the second constituent may correspond to an internal argument, an external argument or a semantic adjunct. All cases manifest the same patterns, which are related to the denotative meanings included in the agent polysemy: Agent, Instrument, Locative, Action, Result and Cause. Our contrastive analysis shows that the same patterns are found in the four Swedish agentive formations, [N/A/Adv/PV-are]N, [N/A/Adv/PV]N, [N/A/Adv/PV-a]N and [VN]N, which correspond to the French [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A construction and which also contain a verbal constituent and its internal or external argument, or an adjunct. The second part of our analysis is quantitative and concerns the profitability aspect of productivity. The method is inductive. The aim is to explore the polysemy of agent and its assumed hierarchical structure, in synchrony and diachrony. Four French agentive formations, [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A compounds and V-ant, V-eur and V-oir(e) derivations, are included in order to examine semantic competition and blocking effects. Our results give evidence for the existence of an agent polysemy but deny that it has a hierarchical structure valid for every agentive formation. The meanings in the agent polysemy are more or less profitable according to formation type: blocking effects could explain this behaviour.
3

Heidinger, Steffen. "French anticausatives : a diachronic perspective." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082926.

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This dissertation describes the emergence and spread of the French reflexive anticausative and the consequences of the emergence and spread for the already existing unmarked anticausative. With respect to the first issue, I argue, based on a corpus study, that the French reflexive anticausative emerged in the 12th century. I further show that the mechanism of language change can not be determined empirically and that the emergence can be modelled with both reanalysis and analogical extension as the relevant mechanism. I further argue that the underspecification of the French reflexive construction is a necessary condition for this change. As regards the spread of the reflexive anticausative, I argue on the basis of a corpus study that the spread is a slow and presumably irregular process, that has not yet come to an end. The innovation continuously spreads on the level of the verbal lexicon. It does so in a parallel fashion in different semantic verb classes and it does not spread from one semantic verb class to another. Finally, the consequences of this change for the unmarked anticausative are discussed from the perspective of the semantic relation between French reflexive and unmarked anticausatives. Based on a corpus study, I argue that the two types of anticausatives differ with respect to their aspectual and causal properties, but that this difference is a tendency and not absolute
Cette thèse décrit la formation et la diffusion de l'anticausatif réflexif en français et les conséquences de ce changement linguistique pour l'anticausatif non-marqué. Concernant le premier sujet je pose sur la base d'une étude de corpus que l'anticausatif réflexif s'est formé au 12e siècle. De plus je montre que le mécanisme qui en est responsable ne peut pas être déterminé sur la base des données et que la formation peut être modelée soit par réanalyse soit par extension analogique. J'avance aussi l'hypothèse que la sous-spécification de la construction réflexive est une condition nécessaire pour la formation de l'anticausatif réflexif. En ce qui concerne la diffusion de l'anticausatif réflexif, je montre sur la base d'une étude de corpus qu'il s'agit d'un procès lent et irrégulier qui ne s'est pas encore achevé. L'innovation se diffuse continuellement dans le lexique verbal. Il se diffuse de manière parallèle dans différentes classes sémantiques de verbes et non pas d'une classe à l'autre. Finalement, les conséquences de ce changement pour l'anticausatif non-marqué sont discutées du point de vue de la relation sémantique entre l'anticausatif réflexif et l'anticausatif non-marqué. Sur la base d'une étude de corpus, je montre que les deux types d'anticausatifs se distinguent par rapport à leurs propriétés aspectuelles et causales, mais que cette différence n'est qu'une tendance et non pas absolue
4

Courbon, Bruno. "Étude sémantique des mots "chance", "fortune", "hasard" et "risque" du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : perspectives sur le lexique du français et ses usages." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20041.

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La recherche a pour objet la structuration du champ lexical des mots « chance », « fortune », « hasard » et « risque » du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle. Témoin de mutations qu’a connues la civilisation occidentale durant cette période, ce champ, qui se rattache à la notion de fortune / hasard, présente une relative homogénéité sémantique.Les mots (et leurs dérivés) sont étudiés à travers le déploiement, la régulation et la répartition des normes d’usages, non seulement en français hexagonal, mais aussi en français québécois. L’étude se fonde sur l’exploitation de deux types de corpus. D’une part, un corpus d’articles extraits d’une cinquantaine de dictionnaires sert à mettre en évidence la productivité morphosémantique et sémantique de ces unités dans une perspective historique large. D’autre part, un grand ensemble d’énoncés diversifiés permet, par la mise au jour de types de contextes, d’effectuer un suivi diachronique des usages. L’approche continuiste des différences d’usages s’appuie sur une représentation fréquentielle des changements sémantiques.La thèse apporte une contribution à la question de la variation des usages et du changement sémantique, qui ouvre sur plusieurs perspectives. Elle se veut d’abord une réflexion sur la théorie et la méthodologie descriptives, appréhendées à la lumière de l’analyse de la nature et du rôle des corpus. Elle met ensuite en évidence l’importance de la dimension intersubjective dans l’activité de signification, en particulier le rôle déterminant des structures syntagmatiques dans l’établissement de nouveaux usages sémantiques. Enfin, elle permet de mettre en relation le changement sémantique avec les conditions sociohistoriques et les représentations collectives
The present study deals with the way in which the lexical field regrouping the words “chance”, “fortune”, “hazard” and “risqué” has been structured in the French language from the eighteenth century till the present day. Revealing major changes in western societies during this period of time, the field, which corresponds to the linguistic representation of the notion of fortune / hasard, presents a certain coherence.We have examined these words and their derived forms through the display, regulation, and distribution of norms of use, not only in Hexagonal French, but also in Quebec French. Two types of corpora have been analysed. On the one hand, a corpus of articles from around 50 dictionaries has been used to emphasize the lexical and semantic productivity of the different units on a large historical scale. On the other hand, in revealing context types, a set of texts reflecting French language varieties has allowed for carrying out a diachronic analysis of lexical uses. The continuist approach to semantic differences rests upon a frequential representation of semantic changes.The thesis brings a significant contribution to the question of usage variations and semantic change, providing new perspectives. It first deals with theory and methodology of lexical description, considered through the analysis of the nature and the role of corpora. It then evidences the central role of syntagmatic structures in the setting of new semantic uses. The study has finally put into relation semantic changes with their historical background and the collective representations of the time
5

Ciry, Guillaume. "Analyse multidimensionnelle des marqueurs discursifs commençant par "si"." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0028.

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Dans une perspective résolument classificatoire, cette thèse propose une analyse multidimensionnelle de la sous-classe de marqueurs discursifs qui ont la particularité de commencer par « si » : si je veux, si tu veux / si vous voulez, si on veut, si tu permets, si tu me permets, si vous permettez, si vous me permettez, si je puis / peux dire, si on peut dire, si j’ose dire et si on ose dire. La multidimensionnalité de l’étude tient au fait que ces marqueurs sont polyfonctionnels : une même unité, en effet, peut, par exemple, tantôt remplir la fonction d’atténuateur, tantôt celle de durcisseur. L’étude que nous proposons est structurellement multidimensionnelle dans la mesure où elle articule une approche à la fois diachronique et synchronique. En diachronie, nous montrons tout d’abord les périodes auxquelles les marqueurs sont apparus pour ensuite en proposer une analyse positionnelle et combinatoire détaillée. Dans cette même perspective diachronique, nous traitons également la question de la sélection du verbe dire pour les marqueurs étant formés avec cet archiverbe, le patron syntaxique à l’origine des unités étudiées évoluant effectivement du schéma Si+Personne+Verbe au schéma Si+Personne+Verbe+(Dire). Nous avons pour ce faire utilisé les nouvelles fonctionnalités de la base Frantext 2 et, dans le cadre de cette exploitation, nous avons mis en place une méthodologie que nous décrivons et dont nous présentons les résultats. En synchronie, et sur la base de l’exploration de plusieurs corpus oraux, nous proposons un focus sur deux marqueurs fréquents, remarqués et remarquables en français moderne et contemporain, à savoir si tu veux / si vous voulez et si je puis dire. Cette démarche nous permet in fine de mettre l’existence du couple pragmatico-modal vouloir / pouvoir en relief
From a resolutely classificatory perspective, this thesis proposes a multidimensional analysis of the subclass of French discourse markers which have the particularity of starting with “si” : si je veux, si tu veux / si vous voulez, si on veut, si tu permets, si tu me permets, si vous permettez, si vous me permettez, si je puis / peux dire, si on peut dire, si j’ose dire and si on ose dire. The multidimensional aspect of the study is due to the fact that these markers are polyfunctional: the same unit, in fact, can, for example, sometimes fulfill the function of softener, sometimes that of hardener. The study we propose is structurally multidimensional in that it articulates an approach that is both diachronic and synchronic. In diachrony, we first show the periods in which the markers appeared and then propose a detailed positional and combinatorial analysis. In this same diachronic perspective, we also deal with the question of the selection of the French verb dire for the markers being formed with this archiverb, the syntactic pattern at the origin of the studied units effectively evolving from the Si + Person + Verb scheme to the Si + Person + Verb + (Dire) scheme. To do this, we used the new functionalities of the Frantext 2 database and, within the framework of this exploitation, we set up a methodology that we describe and whose results we present. In synchrony, and on the basis of the exploration of several oral corpora, we offer a focus on two frequent, noticed and remarkable markers in modern and contemporary French, namely si tu veux / si vous voulez and si je puis dire. This approach ultimately allows us to highlight the existence of the French pragmatic-modal couple of vouloir/ pouvoir
6

Hoelbeek, Thomas. "The spatial expressions containing French 'travers' and Italian 'traverso': a functional semantic description from diachronic perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209319.

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This thesis belongs to the research tradition of Romance historical semantics, and combines diachronic methods with cognitive hypotheses. Analysing complex adpositions in French and Italian, its originality resides in the fact that, both for literal and metaphorical uses, it applies a functional approach to a diachronic problematic, carrying out a corpus analysis.

The period covered consists of four hundred years (from the 16th until the end of the 19th Century). The constructions under analysis conform to the pattern [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], viz. the French expressions 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' and their Italian formal equivalents 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' and 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', without PREP1, is included too). These expressions, and especially their prepositional uses, are assumed to be intrinsically dynamic. However, they are no pure prepositions, in that all of them can be used in at least two different syntactic roles. More specifically, some are principally found as a preposition, and secondarily as an adverb; others behave mostly as an adverb, but also as an adjective; finally, certain expressions exhibit all three types of uses.

The results can be structured around four axes. Firstly, a complete diachronic-semantic description of all uses is given of this set of hardly explored expressions, in order to contribute to a better comprehension of their semantic structure. The study bears on morphological, syntactic, but most of all semantic aspects of the evolutions observed. Secondly, functional concepts such as Guidance, proposed in synchronic research (in particular by Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), and notions we elaborate on the basis of research on Modern French (cf. Somers 1988; and Plungian 2002), in particular Contrast and Deviation, are put to the test. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we assess to what extent these notions are able to describe the semantics conveyed in the past by the expressions under study. Thirdly, this thesis determines in what measure the expressions analysed were subjected to a grammaticalisation process, and why some of them (in particular 'à travers', and, to a lesser extent, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') became significantly more frequent from the 18th Century onwards. We provide elements that point to a more advanced grammaticalisation for certain expressions. Moreover, we determine to what extent the evolutionary trends observed corroborate or, on the contrary, disconfirm various mechanisms considered to be part of the process of grammaticalisation. Finally, a comparison between the evolutions in the two languages under study helps to distinguish between more general and language-specific mechanisms of semantic and grammatical evolution, given that every natural language has a specific way of organising its own modelling of space.

The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the phrases studied and their functioning in the past, but also in present-day French and Italian, providing diachronic observations regarding the functional notions put to the test. Further, it contributes to a better understanding of the grammaticalisation mechanisms of complex constructions. Finally, it shows that typologically related languages may evolve differently in their ways of representing space, and in particular in their semantic distribution of various functional concepts within a group of close constructions./Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sémantique historique romane, et combine des méthodes diachroniques avec des hypothèses cognitives. En analysant des adpositions complexes en français et en italien, son originalité réside dans le fait que, à la fois pour des usages littéraux et métaphoriques, elle applique une approche fonctionnelle à une problématique diachronique, en réalisant une analyse de corpus.

La période traitée est constituée de quatre cents ans (à partir du XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle). Les constructions analysées sont conformes au modèle [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], à savoir les expressions françaises 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' et leurs équivalentes formelles italiennes 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' et 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', sans PREP1, est aussi incluse). Ces expressions, et surtout leurs usages prépositionnels, sont supposées être intrinsèquement dynamiques. Cependant, elles ne sont pas de pures prépositions, en ce que chacune d’elles peut être utilisée dans au moins deux rôles syntaxiques différentes. Plus précisément, certaines se rencontrent principalement comme préposition, et accessoirement comme adverbe ;d’autres se comportent la plupart du temps comme adverbe, mais aussi comme adjectif ;enfin, certaines expressions présentent les trois types d’usages.

Les résultats s’articulent autour de quatre axes. Tout d’abord, une description diachronique et sémantique complète est donnée de tous les usages de l’ensemble de ces expressions qui sont à peine explorées, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de leur structure sémantique. L’étude porte sur des aspects morphologiques, syntaxiques, mais surtout sémantiques des évolutions observées. Deuxièmement, des concepts fonctionnels tels que celui de Guidage, proposé dans des travaux en synchronie (en particulier par Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), et des notions que nous élaborons sur la base d’analyses du français moderne (cf. Somers 1988; et Plungian 2002), en particulier celles de Contraste et Déviation, sont mises à l’épreuve. En adoptant une perspective diachronique, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure ces notions sont en mesure de décrire la sémantique véhiculée dans le passé par les expressions étudiées. Troisièmement, cette thèse détermine dans quelle mesure les expressions analysées ont été soumises à un processus de grammaticalisation, et pourquoi certaines d’entre elles (en particulier 'à travers' et, dans une moindre mesure, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') sont devenues beaucoup plus fréquentes à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Nous fournissons des éléments qui indiquent une grammaticalisation plus avancée de certaines expressions. De plus, nous déterminons dans quelle mesure les tendances évolutives observées corroborent ou, au contraire, infirment différents mécanismes considérés comme faisant partie du processus de grammaticalisation. Enfin, une comparaison entre les évolutions dans les deux langues étudiées permet de distinguer des tendances sémantiques et grammaticales plus générales de ceux qui sont plus spécifiques à une langue, étant donné que chaque langue naturelle a une façon spécifique d’organiser sa représentation de l’espace.

En fournissant des observations diachroniques sur les notions fonctionnelles mises à l’épreuve, cette thèse enrichit notre connaissance des constructions étudiées et leur fonctionnement dans le passé, ce qui aide aussi à mieux comprendre leur usage contemporain. De plus, elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de grammaticalisation des constructions complexes. Enfin, elle montre que des langues typologiquement proches peuvent évoluer différemment dans leurs modes de représentation de l’espace, et en particulier dans la distribution sémantique de différents concepts fonctionnels dans un groupe de constructions proches.


Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

7

Rebours, Marie-Alice. "Emprunts à l'anglais dans la terminologie du prêt-à-porter en France : entre distinction et appartenance : Etude sur corpus en diachronie 1952-2019." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20091.

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La présente thèse consiste en une étude en diachronie de la terminologie du prêt-à-porter féminin dans des catalogues français de vente par correspondance depuis l’introduction du concept en France au début des années 1950. Notre travail est centré sur les emprunts à l’anglais et les créations sous influence anglaise comparativement à la néologie dans l’ensemble de notre corpus.Notre objectif est, d’une part, d’apprécier l’influence de l’anglais dans cette terminologie et, d’autre part, d’appréhender les tendances et mécanismes propres à ce domaine. Par l’étude des néologismes, des nécrologismes et des termes stables de notre corpus, nous examinons le renouvellement terminologique, ses mécanismes et ses motivations.Nous avons travaillé par comparaison de sous-corpus distants de cinq ans environ, chacun composé des catalogues des collections Printemps-Été et Automne-Hiver d’une année donnée. Les termes, collectés et traités manuellement, ont dans un premier temps fait l’objet d’une étude synchronique, à l’aide de sources secondaires, pour établir leur étymologie, leur définition et les catégoriser selon une typologie adaptée de la typologie des emprunts proposée par l’Office québécois de la langue française. Dans un second temps, les analyses diachroniques se sont fondées sur un trépied méthodologique formé des termes du corpus, des visuels des catalogues et d’avis d’experts. Sur le plan théorique, ces analyses se sont appuyées sur des théories issues de la linguistique et de la sociologie, en tenant compte de logiques économiques et d’autres facteurs, tels que des évènements historiques et sociétaux.Ces analyses nous ont permis d’étayer la place de l’anglais dans ce domaine ainsi que l’importance du renouvellement terminologique, fréquemment citées dans la littérature. De plus, au-delà de logiques propres au fonctionnement de la mode, notre corpus a révélé une régularité dans l’activité néologique permettant d’appuyer l’hypothèse d’un renouvellement à fréquence générationnelle. Enfin, nous proposons une réflexion sur la nécessité de travaux – en linguistique notamment – dans le domaine de la mode, compte tenu du manque d’étude sur le sujet et des lacunes des sources dictionnairiques
This dissertation is a diachronic study of the terminology of women’s ready-to-wear fashion in French mail-order catalogs since the introduction of the ready-to-wear concept in France in the early 1950s. Our work focuses on English borrowings and English-influenced neologisms, compared with neologisms in our corpus as a whole.Our goal is two-fold: we wish, first, to assess the influence of English in this terminology, and second, to delineate trends and mechanisms specific to this field. Based on a study of neologisms, necrologisms, and stable terms in our corpus, we examine terminological renewal, its mechanisms, and its motivations.We compared sub-corpora approximately five years apart, each comprising the catalogs from the Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter collections of a given year. The terms were collected and studied manually. They were first studied synchronically, using secondary sources to establish their etymologies, their definitions, and their types, according to a typology adapted from the Office québécois de la langue française’s typology of borrowings. Secondly, terms were analyzed diachronically using a three-part methodological framework, consisting of the terms from our corpus, of the visuals from the catalogs, and of expert opinions. These analyses drew on theories from linguistics and sociology, while also considering economic and other factors, such as historical and societal events.Our analyses enabled us to show the importance of the English language in this field, as well as the importance of terminological renewal, both frequently cited in academic works. Our corpus demonstrated neological activity that goes beyond the dynamics of fashion and that supports the hypothesis of regular generational terminological renewal. Finally, we propose a reflection on the need for work – linguistic research in particular – in the field of fashion, given the lack of studies on the subject and the shortcomings of dictionary sources
8

Alves, Canteiro Julie. ""No Justice, No Peace, No Racist Police" : A diachronic comparative study and analysis of the power relations revealed in French media discourses." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44302.

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On May 26th, 2020, the world was shocked after learning that George Floyd had died at the hands of the police while being wrongfully arrested. Protests took place worldwide, demanding justice for Floyd as well as the end of the systematic racism present institutionally in police forces. In Europe, people started raising their voices, denouncing that this phenomenon was no stranger to the Old Continent. Indeed, the last few years have witnessed the media coverage of multiple cases of police violence based on ethnic grounds. The media play a key role as the source of information for the population, they decide what is going to be on the headline, catching people’s eye. France has especially attracted attention with its racial profiling practices that go against the 2001 European Code of Police Ethics acting as recommended guidelines for the Member States. Therefore, this study aims to analyse media discourses depicting three specific cases of police violence: the Adama Traoré Case, the Theo Luhaka Case, and the Michel Zecler Case. Following the model of Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, the point of this thesis is to find whether the power relations regulating the world can be identified within these discourses. By analysing the articles and finding similarities in how they portray the events then an idea of the institutional and societal power relations in France.
9

Wang, Yi. "Recherches de linguistique contrastive sur la phrase simple et la phrase complexe dans quelques langues des familles indo-européenne et sino-tibétaine (latin, français, diachronie du chinois)." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0015.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de mettre en évidence le caractère original des langues française (hypotactique) et chinoise (paratactique) et la raison profonde des différences entre elles. Relevant de la linguistique contrastive, plutôt théorique, cette étude porte sur les comparaisons sous trois aspects. En premier lieu, les comparaisons diachroniques générales du français et du chinois nous permet de mieux comprendre les filiations entre le latin et le français, entre le chinois archaïque et le chinois contemporain. En deuxième lieu, afin de montrer leur caractère original – hypotactique en latin et en français, paratactique en chinois archaïque et contemporain, les comparaisons sont effectuées entre le français et le chinois, ainsi qu’entre leurs origines immédiates – le latin et le chinois archaïque – sous trois aspects syntaxiques : l’ordre des mots, la correspondance entre les classes de mots et les fonctions syntaxiques dans la phrase simple et le rapport entre les propositions structurant la phrase complexe. Finalement, la comparaison des réflexions philosophiques sur le langage entre l’Antiquité grecque et l’Antiquité chinoise et la présentation de la divergence culturelle entre l’individualité et la globalité, en montrant les originalités intellectuelles occidentale et chinoise, nous permet de détecter dans une perspective philosophique et culturelle la raison profonde de leurs caractères originaux divergents
This thesis aims to highlight the originality of French (hypotactic) and Chinese (paratactic) languages and the reasons of their differences. Falling within contrastive linguistics mostly theoretical, this study focuses on the comparisons with regard to three aspects. Firstly, the general diachronic comparisons of French and Chinese allow us to better understand the affiliations between Latin and French, between archaic Chinese and contemporary Chinese. Secondly, to show their original character – hypotactic in Latin and French, paratactic in contemporary and archaic Chinese, the comparisons are implemented between French and Chinese, and between their origins, Latin and archaic Chinese, on three syntactic aspects: the word order, the correspondence between word classes and syntactic functions in the simple sentence and the ratio of proposals in the complex sentence. Finally, the comparison of philosophical reflections on language between the Greek antiquity and the Chinese antiquity, and the presentation of cultural divergence between individuality and global nature showing the Western and Chinese intellectual originality, allow us to detect from a philosophical and cultural perspective the underlying reason for their different original characters
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Lafond-Zine, Claire. "La négation simple et la négation composée en français préclassique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040150/document.

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La question du système des morphèmes de la négation simple ou composée en français suscite depuis toujours l’intérêt de la linguistique mais reste traitée de manière fluctuante par la linguistique diachronique qui l’étudie de façon inégale selon les périodes de l’histoire du français. En effet, concernant la période préclassique (1550-1630), si cette question est régulièrement abordée, aucune étude approfondie et détaillée du système de la négation n’existe à ce jour. Ainsi, ce travail s’inscrit au croisement d’une double visée de la recherche en linguistique : d’une part, celle d’un éclairage nouveau sur la question des marques grammaticales de la négation en français ; d’autre part, celle d’une réactualisation des questionnements sur la langue préclassique qui, longtemps négligée, jouit depuis une vingtaine d’années d’un regain d’intérêt croissant. La finalité de cette étude est de proposer une description précise de l’organisation et du fonctionnement du système des signes grammaticaux de la négation simple et de la négation composée (non, ne, ne…pas, ne…point, ne…jamais, etc.) à travers leurs divers emplois et leurs jeux de concurrence, tels qu’ils apparaissent dans un vaste corpus de textes de la période préclassique (1550-1630). Les méthodes de la morphosyntaxe et de la sémantique se sont avérées ici tout à fait adéquates, tout comme le cadre théorique de la psychomécanique du langage dont les postulats permettent de traiter en profondeur les enjeux et les subtilités impliqués par cette recherche
The issue of simple and compound negation morphemes system in French language has always attracted a lot of interest. However, diachronic linguistics tackles this question in an uneven way according to different periods of French language’s history. Thus, although it is regularly mentioned, no detailed study about system of negation in pre-Classical French (1550-1630) exists so far.Therefore, this work has dual benefits for linguistics research: on the one hand it sheds a new light on the question of grammatical markers of negation in French; on the other hand it renews questions on the pre-Classical French language, which has been a topic of growing interest over the last two decades.The goal of this research is first to offer a detailed description of the organisation and operation of the system of simple and compound negation grammatical markers (non, ne, ne…pas, ne…point, ne…jamais, etc.) according to their different usages as they appear in a large text corpus of pre-Classical period (1550-1630). Their competition is also investigated. Morphosyntax and semantic methods turned out to be very efficient, as well as the theoretical framework of language psychomecanics whose postulates allow an in depth analysis of the issues and intricacies involved in this research
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Books on the topic "French diachrony":

1

Roberts, Ian. Verbs and Diachronic Syntax A Comparative History of English and French. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2910-7.

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Roberts, Ian G. Verbs and diachronic syntax: A comparative history of English and French. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1993.

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Roberts, Ian G. Verbs and diachronic syntax: A comparative history of English and French. Dordrecht [The Netherlands]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

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1971-, Bertrand Olivier, and Combettes Bernard, eds. Discours, diachronie, stylistique du français: Études en hommage à Bernard Combettes. Berne: Peter Lang, 2008.

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Stoye, Hélène. Les connecteurs contenant des prépositions en français: Profils sémantiques et pragmatiques en synchronie et diachronie. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2013.

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Colloque international "Diachro 4--le français en diachronie" (2008 Madrid, Spain). Le changement en français: Études de linguistique diachronique. Bern: Peter Lang, 2010.

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Bauer, Brigitte L. M. The emergence and development of SVO patterning in Latin and French: Diachronic and psycholinguistic perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Gernig, Kerstin. Die Kafka-Rezeption in Frankreich: Ein diachroner Vergleich der französischen Übersetzungen im Kontext der hermeneutischen Übersetzungswissenschaft. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 1999.

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MosegaardHansen, Maj-Britt. Particles at the semantics/pragmatics interface: synchronic and diachronic issues: A study with special reference to the French phasal adverbs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008.

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Burdy, Philipp. Die mittels -aison und Varianten gebildeten Nomina des Französischen von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart: Eine Studie zur diachronen Wortbildung. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "French diachrony":

1

Poplack, Shana, and Douglas C. Walker. "Going through (L) in Canadian French." In Diversity and Diachrony, 173. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.53.17pop.

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Cedergen, Henrietta J. "Metrical structure and vowel deletion in Montreal French." In Diversity and Diachrony, 293. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.53.25ced.

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Cichocki, Wladyslaw, and Daniel Lepetit. "Intonational variability in language contact. F0 Declination in Ontarian French." In Diversity and Diachrony, 239. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.53.21cic.

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Fonseca-Greber, Bonnie B. "William J. Ashby – A pioneer in diachronic Spoken French corpus linguistics." In On Spoken French, 1–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.226.int.

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Arteaga, Deborah, and Julia Herschensohn. "A Diachronic View of Old French Genitive Constructions." In Research on Old French: The State of the Art, 19–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4768-5_2.

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De Clercq, Karen. "The nanosyntax of French negation: A diachronic perspective." In Studies on Negation, 49–80. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737005609.49.

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Edmonds, Amanda. "The Diachronic Development of a French Indefinite Pronoun." In New Perspectives on Romance Linguistics, 83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.275.08edm.

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Schøsler, Lene. "The importance of diasystematic parameters in studying the history of French." In Corpus-based Analysis and Diachronic Linguistics, 91–109. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tufs.3.08sch.

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Kawaguchi, Yuji. "French liaison in the 18th Century – Analysis of Gile Vaudelin's texts." In Corpus-based Analysis and Diachronic Linguistics, 133–51. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tufs.3.10kaw.

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Elsig, Martin. "Variability within the French interrogative system: A diachronic perspective." In Language Contact and Contact Languages, 135–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hsm.7.09els.

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Conference papers on the topic "French diachrony":

1

Boula de Mareüil, Philippe, Albert Rilliard, and Alexandre Allauzen. "A diachronic study of prosody through French audio archives." In Speech Prosody 2008. ISCA: ISCA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2008-119.

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Jacobs, Magdalene. "Problems and procedures in the construction of diachronic corpora: a case study of thepassécomposé andpassé simplein Classical French." In 2ème Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cmlf/2010230.

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