Journal articles on the topic 'French Competitions'
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1
Schoeman, Riaan, and Robert Schall. "Comparison of match-related performance indicators between major professional rugby competitions." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 3 (June 2019): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119848419.
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The study compared performance indicators of four major international rugby union competitions, namely Super Rugby, Aviva Premiership, Guinness Pro 12 and French Top 14. Most performance indicators of Aviva Premiership and Guinness Pro 12 rugby competitions were similar but distinctive from French Top 14 and Super Rugby competitions, which in turn were generally similar. The Aviva Premiership and Guinness Pro 12 had similar numbers of ball carries, tries, offloads, kicks, tackles, line-outs and scrums that were significantly higher than French Top 14 and Super Rugby. Offloads ( p = .0015) and tries ( p = .0368) were significantly higher for Super Rugby than the Guinness Pro 12, but the Guinness Pro 12 had significantly higher counts for carries ( p ≤ .0001), passes ( p = .0010) and kicks ( p = .0054). In contrast, counts of tackle breaks ( p ≤ .0001) and line breaks were significantly higher for Super Rugby in comparison to the Aviva Premiership ( p = .0057), Guinness Pro 12 ( p = .0064) and French Top 14 ( p ≤ .0001). All competitions showed areas of weakness and strength, which could be due to specific game plans followed in the unique pitch and weather conditions during competition.
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Caspari, Daniela. "Literaturwettbewerbe - ein sinnvoller Beitrag für den fremdsprachlichen Literaturunterricht? Überlegungen zu den französischen Wettbewerben Prix des lycéens und Francomics." Fremdsprachen Lehren und Lernen 51, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/flul-2022-0006.
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Although student competitions play an important role in school life, they are hardly discussed in the field of foreign language didactics (referring to the German context). This article presents the two largest competitions for French language teaching, Prix des lycéens and Francomics, and explores their potential for engaging with literary texts in a school context. What seems particularly successful about the competitions is that they take students seriously as readers and challenge them to engage creatively with the works they read. This is especially meaningful since French language teaching in schools has been facing many challenges. The competitions seek to redress such difficulties by providing a selection of current French books for adolescent readers, by offering additional teaching material and other services, and ultimately enriching and supplementing French lessons.
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Udovički-Selb, Danilo. "Reinventing Paris." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.2.179.
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An intense national debate preceded the 1937 Paris Exposition, involving two series of competitions that summarized the issues of the entire decade of the 1930s and intersected with controversies about the future of Paris. The 1932 competition to select a new exposition site in an area where it could stimulate Paris’s growth and the subsequent competition series of 1934–35 yielded remarkable proposals. These included projects by Beaudouin and Lods, Pierre Patout, and Le Corbusier, as well as Auguste Perret’s proposal for a “Champs-Élysées of the Rive Gauche” affecting the entire southern half of Paris. In Reinventing Paris: The Competitions for the 1937 Paris International Exposition, Danilo Udovički-Selb looks at the complex discourse around the 1937 Exposition and concludes that this occasion was a missed opportunity for the “reinvention” of the French capital, which emerged only as a mirage in phantasmagoric light pageantries for the duration of the exposition.
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Koval, Rostyslav, Olha Romanchuk, Ulyana Protsenko, Andrii Sova, and Olesia Tatarovska. "The peculiarities of elaboration of the French-Ukrainian and UkrainianFrench dictionary of physical education and sport." XLinguae 14, no. 4 (October 2021): 282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.04.19.
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In this article we analyze the principles of elaboration of the French-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-French dictionary of physical education and sport / PES. In the dictionary, we include the terms to name the sites where a sporting activity takes place; the names of players and sportsmen; medical professions; equipment and accessories; sports; competitions and rules; people and structures that follow these regulations; institutions and organizations; verbs related to sport; techniques and styles; results, procedures and reactions; sports medicine terminology. The practical results will improve the possibilities of teaching French for students of physical education and sport, and for those who want to learn French for specific purposes (PES).
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Le, Anh Sy Huy. "Mortal Remains as Biohazard." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 18, no. 1-2 (2023): 15–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2023.18.1-2.15.
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This article examines French efforts to disrupt the transfer of two thousand Chinese remains from Sài Gòn–Chợ Lớn to Hong Kong in 1892. French officials cited biohazardous threats as grounds for legal interdiction, infuriating Cantonese leaders who demanded the removal of bureaucratic obstacles to repatriations. Situating French epidemiology within a global bubonic plague outbreak, this article shows how colonial panic activated a racialized biopolitics that demonized Chinese bodies as plague-borne menaces and justified drastic measures. As interimperial competitions for biomedical research intensified, transnational Chinese practices, perceived as undermining public health initiatives, became a flashpoint of conflicts over hygiene, mobility, and interethnic interactions.
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Andersson, Jonas E. "Architectural Competitions on Aging in Denmark Spatial Prototypes to Achieve Homelikeness 1899–2012." Architecture 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture3010005.
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In Denmark, appropriate architecture for aging is an engaging topic, often explored through the use of architectural competitions. Since 2013, national guidelines for homelike architecture for eldercare have been in place, open for use in contemporaneous competitions. This study is focused on architectural competitions prior to 2013 and the development of modern architecture for aging. Based on reports on competitions in professional publications for architects, this study covers the period of 1899–2012. Inspired by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur’s view of architecture as a spatial practice that ‘does not invoke what no longer is there but what has become through what is no longer present’, the present study revisits competitions on architecture for aging in search of inspirational input and links to the national socio-political discussion. This study uses case study methodology with a mixed method approach. A total of 76 competitions are identified, mainly organized by Danish municipalities, and are linked to four paradigms in social legislations. It is concluded that early competitions defined spatial prototypes, both for the homelike setting and the institutional environment, which have been continuously revisited. Since 2008, homelikeness has become the main design criterion for architecture for the frail aging population with an increasing dependency on caregiving.
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Boldyreva, Elena. "IYCr in Novosibirsk." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087087.
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The present contribution sums up the main activities related to celebrations of the IYCr in Novosibirsk (Russia). I give a general overview of crystallographic research and education in Novosibirsk at the Russian Academy of Sciences and at the Novosibirsk State University, to explain which basis we have for organizing various activities for children and for general public. I shall, in particular, describe the program of continuous crystallographic education starting from nursery to the university, including crystal growth courses and competitions, research projects involving children, festivals, public lectures, various competitions and exhibitions. A special attention will be paid to the activity of school-children from the French school, who have translated all the posters prepared by J.-L. Hodeau from French into Russian. The group has visited Grenoble and presented their work there, and participated also in the IYCr Opening Ceremony. Other activities include International Workshops and Conferences for students and young scientists, as well as an OpenLab in cooperation with STOE (Darmstadt).
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EL MEHDI, Zerrad. "THE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION OF MOROCCAN AND FRENCH SPORTS JOURNALISTIC ARTICLES CASE OF COVERAGE OF THE QATAR 2022 WORLD CUP QUALIFIERS." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 05, no. 05 (October 1, 2023): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.22.5.
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In this work, our aim is to verify some communicative strategies used in sports journalistic articles. To do this, we used a set of sports articles published in online newspapers. These are articles from the French and Moroccan press. More precisely, these are sports articles covering events linked to soccer competitions. For reasons of corpus homogeneity, the period chosen for data collection concerns articles covering the Qatar 2022 World Cup qualifiers. The choice of French and Moroccan media is justified by the comparative nature of our study.
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Guttman, Renata. "Architecture in Canada: French-language publishing, 1981-1995." Art Libraries Journal 21, no. 3 (1996): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200009949.
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Interest in Canada’s built heritage flourished in the period following 1967, inspired by the centennial of Confederation and institutional support of heritage research. An already vibrant and officially sanctioned concern for cultural history in Canada’s mainly Francophone province Quebec and the Official Languages Act of 1969 resulted in a rich series of French-language publications devoted to Canadian architecture. The architecture of provinces, cities and towns, of individual styles, buildings and architects, architectural competitions and archaeology have all been explored in the literature. The contribution of scholars, cultural, academic, and governmental institutions, and publishers has created a strong body of work related to architecture in Canada.
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Ceglarek, Michał. "Colette Gaveau-Małcużyńska – portret pianistki." Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, no. 1(14) (2023): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2023.01.14.04.
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The article is an attempt to sketch a portrait of the talented French pianist Colette Gaveau (1913–1987), winner of the first prize of the Paris Conservatory in 1932, participant in several international music competitions, including the 3rd Piano Competition Frederic Chopin in Warsaw in 1937 and the Eugène Ysaÿe, which took place in Brussels in 1938. A breakthrough event in the life of young Colette Gaveau was the marriage with the Polish pianist Witold Małcużyński (1914–1977) in October 1939. Due to the warfare of World War II, Gaveau-Małcużyńska left France with her husband, first to Portugal and then to Argentina. The Małcużyński family did not return to Europe until 1945. Colette Gaveau-Małcużyńska was a faithful and patient companion in the life and successes of one of the most outstanding Polish pianists of the second half of the 20th century.
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Frey, Alain, Christophe Lambert, Benoit Vesselle, Romain Rousseau, Frédéric Dor, Laurie Anne Marquet, Jean François Toussaint, and Michel Daoud Crema. "Epidemiology of Judo-Related Injuries in 21 Seasons of Competitions in France: A Prospective Study of Relevant Traumatic Injuries." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 232596711984747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119847470.
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Background: Judo is a full-contact fighting sport that may lead to severe injuries. There are limited data available on the incidence of judo-related injuries. The French Judo Federation has established a surveillance system to document the frequency and type of injuries during judo competitions. Purpose: To describe the incidence rates and types of judo-related traumatic injuries during 21 seasons of competitions in France with respect to athlete (judoka) age, sex, and level of performance. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Between 1993 and 2014, each physician in charge of each judo competition filled out a form in which he/she documented the number of competing judokas, the number of fights, the number of medical interventions, the specific type of traumatic injuries for each intervention, the number of fight interruptions, and the number of athletes removed from the competition venue because of an injury. The age, sex, and level of performance of each judoka were also documented. Variance analysis was applied to assess whether differences in incidence rates of injuries between groups were significant (Student t test and chi-square test). Results: Surveillance of 421,670 fights demonstrated 3511 injuries in 316,203 judokas (incidence proportion, 1.1%). Among the injuries recorded, the most common were sprains (54.3%), fractures (15.6%), and dislocations (12.5%). Female athletes exhibited significantly higher incidence rates for knee sprains and elbow dislocations, whereas male athletes exhibited a higher incidence rate for shoulder dislocations ( P < .001 for all). Regarding age, higher incidence rates were observed in young adults (aged 18-20 years) for acromioclavicular sprains and in children (aged 10-14 years) for clavicle fractures compared with adults (aged 21-35 years) ( P < .001 for both). Both young adult and adult athletes had a higher incidence rate of shoulder dislocations ( P < .001). Regarding the level of performance, athletes competing at higher levels had a higher incidence rate of sprains to the knee ( P < .001). Conclusion: During 21 years of surveillance of injuries in judo competitions in France, the incidence proportion of injuries was 1.1%. Significant differences in incidence rates demonstrated when considering age, sex, and level of performance may help in developing strategies to prevent traumatic injuries in the future.
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Rodin, Ilya. "Theological faculties at the University of Strasbourg and the political role of Alsace in the interwar France." St. Tikhons' University Review 117 (April 30, 2024): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2024117.117-126.
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The article is focused on the goals and circumstances of the restoring of the French university in Strasbourg in the context of the return of Alsace after the First World War, in particular, on the activities of two theological faculties – Catholic and Protestant. The activities of the renewed University of Strasbourg that represented the widest range of higher education programs in France due to the theological faculties, as well as its development during the whole interwar period were considered by the French authorities as an important part of the realization of the concept of “the French Alsace” and, so, of the entire French national idea. The particularities of the political role of the University of Strasbourg are discovered in the article by its characteristics as a self-regulated system on the base of special leaflets and periodical editions. The university opening report (1919), the reports on results of the scientific papers’ competitions (1921, 1922), the university guide for the foreign students (1922), the book dedicated to the history of protestant higher education in Strasbourg (1923), the overviews of the German press that were published in Strasbourg (early 1920s), the special issue of the newspaper «French Alsace» (1927) and the program of courses on the faculty of Protestant theology (1938) are among the analyzed sources. In addition to the listed materials, there are historical works on interwar University of Strasbourg represented by the special issue of the faculty of Catholic theology journal, published for the 50 years anniversary of its reopening, as well as several other articles.
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W.H., Arrey, and Loumou Mondoleba A. "The Part of the Protestant Church in the Processes of Exiting Electoral Crises in Francophone Black Africa." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 6, no. 2 (May 15, 2023): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-3w4wbgem.
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The analysis presented in this paper starts from an observation that generally shows pluralist electoral competitions in Francophone (French-speaking) black Africa not as frameworks for the expression of political adversity, but rather as real moments of enmity, disorder and multifaceted conflicts. Indeed, the democratic processes initiated by most African States at the beginning of the 1990s did not allow the desired liberalization of the political field. They were confronted with the ruse of political leaders wishing to stay in power for a long time by developing strategies for circumventing real political pluralism, neutralizing and assimilating the opposition. The “passive democracy” that has finally been achieved is characterized by the continuation of monopolistic practices and habits in a context that is supposed to be politically liberal and plural. The resolution of the crisis which strewn the electoral processes in black Africa generally requires a strong implication of various actors and on various scales, in particular the religious actors. The part of the Protestant Church in the process of getting out of the electoral crisis is thus understood as the process of involving the Protestant clergy in the management of socio-political mores before, during and after electoral competitions. Undeniably, the function of the Protestant Church in French-speaking black Africa is not limited only to the mission of evangelization and prayers for peace in the nation, it extends to the management of these socio-political crises. This study is methodologically and theoretically based on documentary research and neo-institutionalism, taking into account the fact that the outcomes of electoral crises are above all political processes and action frameworks where institutional linkages mutually influence each other.
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Carvalho, João. "Mainstream Party Strategies Towards Extreme Right Parties: The French 2007 and 2012 Presidential Elections." Government and Opposition 54, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.25.
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The electoral success of extreme right parties (ERPs) has attracted a disproportionate number of studies. By contrast, research into the mainstream parties’ reactions to ERPs has engendered little interest. With few exceptions, the effects of the centre-right parties’ strategic options in electoral competitions with ERPs remain unexplored. To overcome this shortcoming, this investigation examines the strategies employed by the French centre-right party – Union pour un Movement Populaire (UMP) against the Front National in the 2007 and the 2012 presidential elections by focusing on the topics of immigration and integration. This study suggests that the adoption of accommodating approaches in both elections was followed by distinct levels of success in 2007 and 2012. Drawing on a qualitative comparative analysis, this article explores three hypotheses in order to enhance understanding of the divergent effectiveness of the UMP’s accommodative approaches in the elections studied.
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AlKendi, Wissam, Franck Gechter, Laurent Heyberger, and Christophe Guyeux. "Advancements and Challenges in Handwritten Text Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey." Journal of Imaging 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10010018.
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Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) is essential for digitizing historical documents in different kinds of archives. In this study, we introduce a hybrid form archive written in French: the Belfort civil registers of births. The digitization of these historical documents is challenging due to their unique characteristics such as writing style variations, overlapped characters and words, and marginal annotations. The objective of this survey paper is to summarize research on handwritten text documents and provide research directions toward effectively transcribing this French dataset. To achieve this goal, we presented a brief survey of several modern and historical HTR offline systems of different international languages, and the top state-of-the-art contributions reported of the French language specifically. The survey classifies the HTR systems based on techniques employed, datasets used, publication years, and the level of recognition. Furthermore, an analysis of the systems’ accuracies is presented, highlighting the best-performing approach. We have also showcased the performance of some HTR commercial systems. In addition, this paper presents a summarization of the HTR datasets that publicly available, especially those identified as benchmark datasets in the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) and the International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR) competitions. This paper, therefore, presents updated state-of-the-art research in HTR and highlights new directions in the research field.
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Teichler, Hans Joachim. "Die deutsch-französischen Sportbeziehungen von 1919 bis 1942." STADION 47, no. 1 (2023): 28–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2023-1-28.
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The article begins with Germany’s exclusion from the Olympic Games 1920 in Antwerp and 1924 in Paris. Whereas sports relations between Germany and France slowly returned to normal in bourgeois sports, French workers’ sportsmen already in 1922 visited the festival of the workers’ sport federation in Leipzig. After these preliminary remarks the article focuses on the National Socialist era. From 1933 to 1939 France was Germany’s most favoured sport partner. The German Reich used the Olympic Games of 1936 to present itself as a peace-loving country. However, as the occupation of the demilitarized Rhineland on March 7, 1936 shows – between the Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (February 6–16) and the Summer Olympics in Berlin (August 1–16) – this was only camouflage. The article enlarges on the initially very positive, but in the end exceedingly critical French press coverage of the Olympic Games in Berlin. The harsh criticism of the “jeux défigurés” provoked the well-known reply by Coubertin, who expressed himself positively about the “Berlin Games illuminated by Hitlerist strength and discipline”. The German-French skiing leisure activities 1938, organized by the Hitlerjugend (HJ), were exploited by the propaganda as a symbol of common understanding. The gestures of understanding culminated in a joint cultural conference in Baden-Baden, where for the first time a bust of Coubertin was set up. In spite of the violation of the Munich Agreement and the occupation of Prague by German troops, several French sports associations came to athletic competitions to Germany in summer 1939. The article ends with the Reichssportführer’s futile attempts to continue sports relations with France during war time.
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D'AMICO, Rosa Lopez de. "View of the Sport Organizational Structure: The French Gymnastics Federation." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.81259.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.This article presents a descriptive overview of the organization of the sport of gymnastics, specifically artistic gymnastics, in France. French artistic gymnastics since the last decade has been obtaining stable and better results at competitions in the international arena. The Junior European Championship title in the late 90s and recent medals in the last Olympic Games, make it interesting to study the organization of this sport in France and the changes it has gone through. This research was done with the permission of the French Gymnastics Federation that facilitated access to the documents and allowed interviews of its members. The characteristic of this research is qualitative in which document analysis, interviews, personal communications and observations made it possible to gather the information (e.g., Biklen & Bogdan, 1992; Burgess, 1982; Hitchcock & Hughes, 1995). The article is divided into three parts, it starts with a general view of the sport in France. Later it continues with an introduction to the French Gymnastics Federation as the national body of this sport, its membership, general and technical structure. Later it presents the organization of four groups of members: administrators, coaches, judges and gymnasts. It concludes with a section in which interviewees share their views about the key elements and obstacles for French artistic gymnastics performance.本文旨在探討法國體操總會的結構組織，透過文獻、面談及觀察等質性分析法了解其結構組織的特點，並從行政者、敎練、裁判員和運動員的多層面去尋找影響體操發展的要素及障礙。
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Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna, Abdelhanine Ayad, Adriana D. Musiał, Omar Besseboua, Sofiane Aissanou, Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier, and Katarzyna Piórkowska. "Insight into the genetic diversity of Selle Français horse populations based on whole D-loop sequencing of mitochondrial DNA." Folia Biologica 72, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_72-2.07.
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The Selle Français (SF) breed originated from native France horses crossed with Thoroughbreds, Arabs, Anglo-Arabs and French Trotters, which allowed for individuals to be obtained with excellent predispositions and a versatile usage for equestrian sports. The performance of the SF horse is widely accepted in the fields of show jumping and eventing; however, they have successfully started to compete in other areas such as dressage, vaulting, carriage driving and TREC competitions. To date, information about the genetic structure of the SF breed has been very limited. In the present report, Sanger sequencing was applied to analyse the whole D-loop of mitochondrial DNA of 98 samples representing Selle Français horses originating from two populations: Algerian (n=47) and French (n=51). The result obtained showed the presence of 19 SNPs, which allowed us to divide the samples into 41 haplotypes (OR909723‐OR909773). A higher number of haplotypes was detected in the Algerian population (n=24) compared to the French population (n=14), but both populations did not represent unique clusters and showed a high degree of genetic similarities. The result showed that the identified haplotypes of the SF belonged to four clades: L, A, B and G. The present report gives strong evidence that the Selle Français breed has been established based on a great influence of the Thoroughbred, whose close connection is more visible in the French population. The haplogroup assignment to L clades proved that the SF breed has European origin as ancestral haplogroup L was assigned to West and South Europe while A to West Asia and G and B to Middle East. Our results show SF as an example of a contemporary breed of sport horses with European roots further influenced by local breeds.
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Hermine, Olivier, Gérard Dine, Vincent Genty, Laurie-Anne Marquet, Gabriela Fumagalli, Muriel Tafflet, Flavia Guillem, et al. "Eighty percent of French sport winners in Olympic, World and Europeans competitions have mutations in the hemochromatosis HFE gene." Biochimie 119 (December 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.028.
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Pasarello, Clerice, and Sabaté Sentís. "The origins of rugby in Catalonia." Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 8, no. 2 (2021): 42–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2102042p.
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Catalan rugby reached the high point of its young and successful history when became one of the founding nations of the International Amateur Rugby Federation (FIRA) and started competing at international level as an autonomous rugby nation. Towards the end 1921 rugby settled in Catalonia penetrating through sports such as football, athletics, boxing and swimming and owing much to French expatriates residing in Barcelona or Catalan citizens who had lived in France. In 1923 the Catalan Football Rugby Union was created due to the aroused need for organized competitions. With this institutionalisation and organisational structure began a flourishing period for the clubs, culminating in 1929 at the Barcelona International Exhibition where rugby was played in front of 60.000 spectators. In spite of this achievement, rugby remained a minority sport with restricted geographical appeal, with a group faithful and loyal followers.
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Finamore, Michelle Tolini. "“A Triumph in Culinary Art”: Epicurean Displays at the Copley Plaza." Gastronomica 11, no. 4 (2011): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.11.4.78.
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From the early twentieth century through the 1960s, three generations of the Tolini family participated in culinary expositions organized by the Epicurean Society of Boston and Les Amis d'Escoffier. The French gastronomic traditions of Auguste Escoffier and Antonin Carême informed the creation of the elaborate and highly decorative tallow sculptures that were the centerpieces of these displays. Drawing upon an extensive family archive of photographs, menus, and ephemera, the author delves into the history of these extraordinaires, or pièces montées. The article explores the fabrication techniques and aesthetics of the centerpieces through oral history and seminal nineteenth- and twentieth-century culinary books such as The Escoffier Cook Book: A Guide to the Fine Art of Cookery and more obscure works such as Escoffier's Les Fleurs en Cire. The investigation uncovers the original sources of inspiration for the annual competitions, as well as a unique tradition of craftsmanship that was handed down from father to son to grandson.
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Yuriy, Dyachenko. "FRENCH MUSETTE IN THE WORKS OF A. HAIDENKO." Aspects of Historical Musicology 22, no. 22 (March 2, 2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-22.07.
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At the present stage of development of world music, the accordion and button accordion occupy one of the leading positions. Formation of instruments on the professional concert stage is an integral part of both world and Ukrainian musical culture, as evidenced by the composition, a large number of performing competitions and festivals that take place not only in Ukraine but also in Europe, Asia and America, and Australia. A significant phenomenon of the latest wave of development of accordion and button accordion art is the crystallization of pop and jazz in the works of composers and performers. From the second half of the twentieth century, the popularity of pop and jazz music among performers and listeners (due to its brightness and accessibility) opened new horizons, genre and stylistic searches which have largely affected the trends in the development of world accordion and button accordion art, including pop and jazz. The composer’s activity of leading performers is becoming a widespread phenomenon of modern pop-jazz accordion movement. Among them we note V. Podgorny, V. Zubytsky, V. Vlasov, A. Haidenko, O. Nazarenko, B. Myronchuk, A. Stashevsky and others. Well aware of the specifics of technical-expressive, acoustic and textural capabilities of modern accordion and button accordion, domestic composers-accordionists have created a large number of bright works of pop and jazz direction. Thus, the intensification of composer’s work and the emergence of new works of pop and jazz in the accordion and button accordion art of modern times have determined the relevance of the topic of this article. The purpose of the article is to identify the main stylistic and genre features of the French musette in the works of A. Haidenko. One of the most significant examples of this genre is the series «Paris Secrets» of five waltzes in the style of French musettes for accordion by A. Haidenko. Such a work as a «musette» has not yet been mastered by any of the domestic composers, especially in the form of a cycle. The composer rethought the basics of the French folk instrumental genre in terms of professional accordion performance. This synthesis transforms the genre of the musette, embodies the pop genre in terms of academic art. The use of professional performance capabilities distinguishes the artist’s works from other compositions of this style, with the general availability of musical material to a wide range of listeners. Typical melismatics of French musettes is organically and professionally implemented by A. Haidenko in the whole cycle. The melismatics is based on beamed ascending and descending grace notes on chord tones, “singing” grace notes on separate notes, chromatic grace notes (imitations of “transitions” to the sound), mordents. Sudden dynamic contrasts, shift of strong bars, chord introduction, virtuosity, brightness of phrases and sentences are typical for A. Haidenko’s musettes. The series of five waltzes for accordion “Paris Secrets” in the style of French musettes by A. Haidenko is a unique heritage not only of the domestic, but also of the world original repertoire.
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Romanchuk, Olha, Rostyslav Koval, Oleh Bubela, Anastasiia Mykhailenko, and Anna Mykhailenko. "The origin and development of gymnastics events in France." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(139) (August 20, 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.8(139).12.
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The article analyzes the main stages of the origin and formation of gymnastics events in France since the beginning of the XIX century to 1942 on the basis of the works of leading French scientists. The development of gymnastics in France does not attract much attention of Ukrainian specialists whose scientific interests are related to the study of physical education and sports in European countries, so the practical issues of our research will complement and expand the relevant courses on the history of physical education for students in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the main historical aspects of the development of gymnastics events in France. To achieve it, the following tasks should be performed: to analyze the literature on research issues; to identify key dates in the history of gymnastics in France; to describe the role of personalities who have contributed most to the evolution of the field in this country. According to the results of the study, we conclude that the greatest influence on the development of gymnastics in France since the beginning of the XIX century to 1942 was made by Francisco Amorós, Napoléon Laisné, Eugène Paz, Charles Cazalet, Joseph Sansbœuf, Georges Demenÿ, Philippe Auguste Tissié. In the middle of the XIX century the institutionalization of gymnastics took place at the level of hospitals (1847), military services (1852) and school (1854). In the last quarter of the XIX century, physical education became a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools for boys and girls. The Union of Gymnastics Societies of France was founded September 28, 1873 by Eugène Paz. In 1942, it was merged with the French Womenʼs Gymnastics and Physical Education Federation, which formed French Gymnastics Federation. French gymnasts since the beginning of Olympic Games in Paris (1900) have always shown consistently high results at competitions and tournaments of various scales, but since the 1930s it has begun to decline. Our further research will focus on a thorough study of the history of womenʼs gymnastics in France as well as the evolution of this sport in the period since 1942 to 2022.
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Andreff, Wladimir. "Financial and Sporting Performance in French Football Ligue 1: Influence on the Players’ Market." International Journal of Financial Studies 6, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6040091.
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Despite the globalisation of European soccer, each professional league exhibits specificities. French Ligue 1 sometimes contends with the trading-off of financial performance against sporting performance of its teams in European soccer competitions, and its inner auditing body, the Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion (DNCG), is in charge of controlling clubs’ financial accounts. Moreover, Ligue 1 operates with one of the best competitive balances in the Big Five, which is detrimental to its clubs’ success at the European level. However, the league and a number of clubs have not been able to curb payroll inflation and have not avoided being recurrently run in a deficit and accumulating debts, in particular payment arrears and player transfer overdue. Lax management occurs, since very few clubs have been sanctioned by a payment failure, even fewer by liquidation, and there has been no bankruptcy. The concept of a soft budget constraint theoretically encapsulates such empirical evidence. The novelty of the paper is to establish a link between the soft budget constraint and the players’ labour market where it crucially triggers market disequilibria: an excess of demand for superstars’ talents and an excess of supply for journeymen players are modelled. Data paucity about player individual wages hinders econometric testing of the aforementioned link and the model. However, a look at transfer fees that concentrates on a few of the top European soccer clubs provides a first insight into the arms race for talent that fuels an excess of demand for superstars and dips a number of clubs’ finance into the red.
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Crombie, L. "French and Flemish urban festive networks: archery and crossbow competitions attended and hosted by Tournai in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries." French History 27, no. 2 (March 27, 2013): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crt001.
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Danko, Grigory, Oleksandr Lavrentiev, Taras Danko, Svitlana Krupenya, and Svitlana Zhyvollovych. "The main directions of technical and tactical training of wrestlers." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(164) (May 12, 2023): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.5(164).14.
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This article deals with issues aimed at the development of free wrestling, which is realized through increasing the spectacle and can be implemented only by the joint efforts of specialists in theory and practice. At the same time, the resolution of private tasks of improving a wrestler's skill should be carried out first of all taking into account the changes that UWW makes to the competition rules. An analytical approach to the management of the modern training process should be aimed at increasing the spectacle of competitive matches, which will allow wrestling to successfully compete with those sports that traditionally have the sympathy of spectators and fans.
Currently, UWW (International Wrestling Federation) is faced with a problem, the essence of which is that the numerous changes in the rules of competitions carried out under its leadership turned out to be largely fruitless and did not encourage athletes to engage in spectacular, highly technical wrestling. It must be agreed that the prestige of fighting against other sports is significantly reduced.
The entire evolutionary process of developing the rules of sports wrestling is conditionally divided into five stages: the fi rst (1896–1916); the second (1917-1937); the third (1938-1947); the fourth (1948-1969); the fifth (1975 to the present). Ever since the International Olympic Committee first approved the uniform rules for wrestling on the eve of the 1st Olympic Games in 1896, developed by French specialists Dublier, Rigal and Kristol, they have been constantly changing. They were changed and republished dozens of times.
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Bosselut, Grégoire, Jean-Philippe Heuzé, Mark A. Eys, Paul Fontayne, and Philippe Sarrazin. "Athletes’ Perceptions of Role Ambiguity and Coaching Competency in Sport Teams: A Multilevel Analysis." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 34, no. 3 (June 2012): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.3.345.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between athletes’ perceptions of role ambiguity and two theoretically derived dimensions of coaching competency (i.e., game strategy and technique competencies). A total of 243 players from 26 teams representing various interdependent sports completed French versions of the Role Ambiguity Scale and the Coaching Competency Scale. Multilevel analyses supported the existence of relationships between the four dimensions of role ambiguity and the two dimensions of coaching competency at both individual and team levels. When the levels were considered jointly, athletes perceiving greater ambiguity in their role in both offensive and defensive contexts were more critical of their coach’s capacities to lead their team during competitions and to diagnose or formulate instructions during training sessions. The results also indicated that the dimension of scope of responsibilities was the main contributor to the relationship with coaching competency at an individual level, whereas role evaluation was the main contributor to this relationship at a group level. Findings are discussed in relation to the role episode model, the role ambiguity dimensions involved in the relationships according to the level of analysis considered, and the salience of ambiguity perceptions in the offensive context.
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Martin, Denis-Constant. "A Research Itinerary from Fieldwork to Archives: Cape Town (South Africa), Festivals, Music, ‘Identities,’ Politics." Varia 3 (2021): 223–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11tal.
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For more than twenty years (from 1992 till 2015) I did research on the New Year Festivals which are organized at the beginning of every year in Cape Town (South Africa). These festivals include three series of competitions: between carnival troupes named Klopse (from the English clubs), between male choirs called Singkoore or Malay Choirs and between Christian brass bands known as Christmas Choirs or Christmas Bands. In the course of this research, I conducted a great number of interviews, videoed and photographed the festivals and their preparations, collected many printed documents on which I based several articles, book chapters and books (in English and in French); I also recorded a CD with a local choir singing for the Klopse as well as for the Singkoore and produced a video documentary on the 1994 edition of the festival. In this paper I explain the conditions in which I conducted this research, underlining the importance of the partnership I entered into with major actors of the festivals, and signal the implications of such partnerships. I also discuss the conditions in which my documentation was assembled and why most of it was deposited with a South African musical archive.
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Dias Pereira, André Gonçalo, and Sofía del Pilar de Salas Murillo. "Cour de Cassation française, 2e chambre civile, 4 juillet 2002 – On the Assumption of Risk." European Review of Private Law 12, Issue 1 (February 1, 2004): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2004010.
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Abstract: The young girl Vanessa, aged ten, was taking part in a football training session within the framework of a team organized by the association of the young firemen of Charost, in which she occupied the position of goalkeeper, when she was injured by a ball shot at her by Mr. Y, the assistant trainer who had been charged with the supervision. Vanessa’s parents, as the legal guardians of their minor aged daughter, held Mr. Y, the association of the young firemen of Charost and the insurance company Allianz responsible and sued for compensation for the undergone damages. On first instance and on appeal, the courts held that the parents could not claim for damages on the basis of Article 1384, paragraph 1, of the French Civil Code, the core text for establishing a strict liability regime (responsabilité objective or responsabilité du fait des choses). The justification for this was that in participating, the young girl had accepted the risks linked to the activity and had therefore given up her right to claim reparations in case of any prejudice which she could suffer in the course of that activity. In its decision of cassation for violation of the law, however, the second Chambre Civile of the Cour de Cassation rejected the ‘assumption of risk’ theory. More precisely, it held that the fact that the child was participating in a pedagogical activity under the authority and supervision of a trainer excluded the assumption of risk. As a result of this decision, the theory of the assumption of risk now has a more restricted scope in sports (it thus seems to be limited to competition games). The next question is whether it should be completely abandoned or not, especially considering the fact that in sports competitions, the associations or clubs must have insurance.
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Froissart, Tony, and Thierry Terret. "LEON ŠTUKELJ, OLYMPIC CHAMPION 1924 IN GYMNASTICS. PERFORMANCES AND LEGACY." Science of Gymnastics Journal 14, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.14.1.5-15.
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Olympic champion in the general event in gymnastics at the 8th Olympiad in 1924, Leon Štukelj performed remarkably in international competitions. This article proposes to analyze the innovative character of the performance carried out by the gymnast of the Yugoslavian team, to appreciate the context of its realization and to evaluate his legacies. Through his performance, Štukelj paved the way to major evolutions in gymnastics, especially in the rings event where he excelled. Certain technical regulations of international gymnastics seem to have been especially inspired by the elements he performed in 1924. Štukelj was also considered an emblematic figure of the educational method developed by the Yugoslav Sokols. As a consequence, his imprint as a symbol of a moral and physical system of training was also very strong. The paper is positioned in the field of cultural history. It aims to study the evolution of Štukelj’s performance and legacy. In addition to the historiography of the 1924 Olympic Games, it uses various primary sources: the French daily press published on the occasion of the 1924 Olympic Games, the archives of the Lausanne Olympic Study Center, the archives of the city of Colombes, the official reports of the 1924, 1928 and 1936 Olympic Games, the archives of the International Gymnastics Federation and Štukelj’s autobiography (1989).
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Lončar, Jelena, and Ema Špehar. "Globalization of Sports on the Example Of The Five Most Popular European Football Leagues with an Emphasis on Premiership - Geographical Overview." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 6, no. 3(16) (July 27, 2021): 611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2021.6.3.611.
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Globalization has had and still has a comprehensive effect on all aspects of human life, including the part related to sports and recreation. Through the spread of information and communication technologies, especially new channels of information dissemination (such as social networks), but also the process of internationalization, liberalization, and modernization - it has enabled the availability of sports competitions, and the general presence of sports in all parts of the world. This is especially true of football as one of the most popular sports. This paper will try to provide a geographical and global framework for football change based on specific economic and financial data related to sponsors, branding, etc., through a case study of the English Premiership (also known as Premier League) compared to other football leagues in Europe (German Bundesliga, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A and French Ligue 1, the so-called Big Five). The paper presents three hypotheses to which the research of available literature and statistical data will try to answer. Through all the above mentioned, the research aims to determine whether and to what extent football has become a global sport by going beyond national frameworks and to what extent it has transformed itself in these modern and global frameworks.
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Chamczyk, Ewa. "Pojedynki dźwiękiem pisane. Pietro Antonio Locatelli versus Jean-Marie Leclair." Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ, no. 47 (4) (2020): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23537094kmmuj.20.018.13204.
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Duels of the Sound: Pietro Antonio Locatelli Versus Jean-Marie Leclair The tradition of musical duels harkens back to the days of the ancient Greece. One of the earliest examples of a musical rivalry is the myth of Marsyas and Apollo, which ends tragically for the satyr. Without doubt, the battles of the ancients served as an inspiration for the next generations of musicians. In each era, they took a different form, tailored to the prevailing norms and customs. In the 16th century the singing competitions of the Meistersingers became extremely popular, and along with the development of instrumental music in 17th century, duels, in which the main subject-matter of the dispute was the superiority of one of the performers in terms of interpretation and fluidity in playing a given instrument, gained increased importance. A real boom of musical duels did not came along until 18th century, in which public concerts bloomed and along with it, the demand for virtuoso instrumentalists increased. During that era, musical duels were not only confrontations between specific musicians or their patrons, but also contributed to the exchange of experiences between the artists and the spread of musical news and the works themselves. Additionally, the battles symbolised a confrontation of musical styles, in particular the Italian and French styles. Jean-Marie Leclair, known as the French Corelli, is considered by many researches as the founder of the French violin school. Pietro Antonio Locatelli, an heir to the legacy of Arcangelo Corelli is justifiably considered the Paganini of the 18th century. Their music has shared roots in the tradition of the Italian violin school, yet it differs both in terms of its formality as well as expressiveness. At first glance the French music of J.M. Leclair bears the imprint of standards of the violin concerts of Antonio Vivaldi, whereas the typically Italian works of P.A. Locatelli significantly transcend the norms accepted at that time in terms of requirements imposed on violinists. We know that the first confrontation of the violinists took place on 22 December 1728 at the manor in Kassel. However, some speculate that it was not the only meeting of the musicians. The preserved information suggest that both of them stirred strong emotions among the audiences with their playing. The profiles of the aforementioned composers, despite their immense importance on the development of violin music, still remain underrated. This article outlines the short story of musical duels and sheds light on violin concerts in the first half of the 18th century. Additionally, the author made an attempt of a comparative analysis of selected violin concerts, i.e. Locatelli’s Violin Concerto in G major, Op. 3, No. 9 and Violin Concerto in A minor Op. 7, No. 5 by Jean-Marie Leclair’s from a similar artistic period of both composers and close in terms of the time of their creation to their famous duel.
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Pasarello Clérice, Mariano, Xavier Pujadas Martí, and Monterrat Martin Horcajo. "Les Sportifs de l’Ovalie y la importancia de la influencia francesa en el proceso de incorporación y arraigo del rugby en Cataluña (1911-1923) = Les Sportifs de l'Ovalie and the Importance of the French Influence in the Process of Incorporation and Implantation of Rugby in Catalonia (1911-1923)." Materiales para la Historia del Deporte, no. 25 (December 15, 2023): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/mhd.2023.25.4938.
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ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio es el de examinar el proceso de incorporación y arraigo del rugby en Cataluña entre el 1911 y el 1923 y mostrar la fuerte influencia francesa en la transmisión cultural del rugby en el caso catalán, con el fin de poder valorar el rol jugado por la colonia de aquel país, junto a jóvenes autóctonos que habían residido en Francia, en el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo de este deporte en Barcelona. Después de los primeros partidos y competiciones prefederativas, en que la comunidad francesa tuvo un peso decisivo, y dentro de un contexto de efervescencia asociativa, la institucionalización del rugby fue el siguiente paso natural. Así pues, en 1922 se constituyó la Federación Española de Rugby en Barcelona y posteriormente, durante el 1923, se constituyó la Federació Catalana de Futbol-Rugby.La investigación se ha basado el análisis de prensa especializada de la época y se ha complementado con una revisión exhaustiva de la documentación de archivos públicos y privados, como el del antiguo Gobierno Civil de Barcelona, el archivo de la Unió Esportiva Santboiana o el del Futbol Club Barcelona.Los resultados de la investigación muestran como este caso de deportivización indirecta sumada al protagonismo de la Unió Esportiva Santboiana –club decano del rugby en España– hizo aflorar el estado latente en que se encontraba el deporte oval en la capital catalana, favoreciendo la creación de varios clubes en muy poco tiempo con una presencia francesa indiscutible. Este hecho coincide con los procesos de deportivización del rugby en otros países del sur de Europa. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of French influence in the cultural transmission and implantation of rugby in Catalonia, and to assess the role played by French expatriates, together with some young locals who had lived in France, in the process of expansion and development of Rugby in Barcelona. After the first pre-Union matches and competitions, in which the French community had a decisive influence, and within a context of associative effervescence, the institutionalization of this sport was the next natural step. Consequently, Spanish Rugby Union was established in Barcelona in 1922, later followed, in 1923, by Catalan Rugby Football Union.The research was based on analysis of the specialized press of the time and has been complemented with an exhaustive review of the documentation of public and private archives, such as that of the former Gobierno Civil de Barcelona, the archive of the Unió Esportiva Santboiana, and the Futbol Club Barcelona.The results of the research show how this case of indirect sportification, together with the prominence taken by the Unió Esportiva Santboiana –the oldest rugby club in Spain– brought out the latent state in which the oval sport was in the Barcelona, inspiring the formation of several clubs in a very short period with an indisputable French presence. This fact coincides with the introduction and growth of rugby in other countries in southern Europe.
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Gherra, Sandrine, and Frédéric Lassalle. "The role of power conceptions when choosing a host city." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 4 (April 13, 2015): 440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-09-2013-0117.
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Purpose – International sport competitions continue to attract a high number of spectators and the potential political, community building and financial payoffs are such that the competition to become a host city is often fierce. France has several attractive cities with all of the resources required to host these events, but they have repeatedly failed (Summer Olympic Games 2008 and 2012, Winter Olympic Games 2018, etc.). Most of the studies that have explored these failures have done so from a resource-based view. But when a city has all the required resources, what other factors may have been decisive? Could a misfit in the conception of power during the negotiation process explain it? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – We looked at the specific failure of Marseille to host the 2007 America’s Cup and focused particularly on the conceptions of power held, respectively by Marseille representatives and the committee in charge of choosing the host city. In line with French qualitative methods we performed a single case study based on discourse analysis (23 interviews with the involved parties and 22 outside experts) to analyze the sources of power that Marseille and America’s Cup Management (ACM) had. Findings – The authors found that Marseille and ACM had different sources of power. According to Weber’s categories, Marseille had an “Organization” source of power: “it’s is a structure and an organization that implies specific rules” and ACM had a “Property” source of power: “it’s a commercial structure that has ownership rights to this very special event.” Analysis of the interviews reveals that points of disagreement reflected differing conceptions of power, which suggests new perspectives for future research in the context of failed negotiations in sports. Originality/value – Analyzing failure from another angle that the classical resource-based view: having the right resources is no longer enough; cities have to have the winning strategy.
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Tabben, Montassar, Laurent Bosquet, and Jeremy B. Coquart. "Effect of Performance Level on the Prediction of Middle-Distance-Running Performances Using a Nomogram." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 5 (July 2016): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0471.
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Purpose:This study examined the effect of performance level on the validity and accuracy of middle-distance running-performance predictions obtained from the nomogram of Mercier et al in male runners.Methods:Official French track-running rankings for the 3000-, 5000-, and 10,000-m events from 2006 to 2014 were examined. The performance level was determined from the official reference table of the Fédération Française d’Athlétisme, and the runners were divided in 3 groups (ie, low, moderate, and high levels). Only male runners who performed in the 3 distance events within the same year were included (N = 443). Each performance over any distance was predicted using the nomogram from the 2 other performances.Results:No difference was found in low- and moderate-performance-level athletes (0.02 ≤ effect size [ES] ≤ 0.06, 95% limits of agreement [LoA] ≤ 6%). By contrast, a small difference in high-performance-level athletes (P < .01, 0.23 ≤ ES ≤ 0.45, 95% LoA ≤ 11.6%) was found.Conclusion:The study confirms the validity of the nomogram to predict track-running performance with a high level of accuracy, except for male runners with high performance level (ie, national or international). Consequently, the predictions from the nomogram may be used in training programs (eg, to prescribe tempo runs with realistic training velocities) and competitions (eg, to plan realistic split times to reach the best performance).
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Thomas, Cyril. "Un processus postcolonial : la genèse de la domination kényane dans les courses de fond vue par la presse sportive spécialisée française." Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v10.n2.2021.447.
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FR. Les médias se font régulièrement l’échos des exploits, sinon des dérives, des athlètes kényan·e·s qui dominent les épreuves de course de fond les plus prestigieuses à travers le monde. Désormais coutumière de cette hégémonie, la presse sportive française commence à l’interroger dès les années 1960, tandis que l’athlétisme est-africain s’affirme au plus haut niveau international, manifestant sa volonté de comprendre et d’expliquer le « phénomène kényan ». L’objet de cet article est de montrer que l’éclosion au plus haut niveau international de l’athlétisme kényan dans la période post-coloniale est appréhendée par les journalistes français selon une rhétorique s’insérant dans un processus postcolonial. S’inscrivant dans le champ des postcolonial studies, cette étude vise à identifier et expliquer les transformations des modalités discursives selon lesquelles les journalistes français couvrent les succès kényans. Bien que le Kenya soit une ancienne colonie britannique, les textes étudiés reflétent la domination culturelle caractéristique de la période coloniale que les journalistes opposent à la domination sportive des athlètes kényan·e·s. Trois revues spécialisées dans l’athlétisme paraissant dans les années 1960, choisies tant par leur réputation que par l’éclectisme de leurs lignes éditoriales, sont analysées : l’Athlétisme, organe de presse officiel de la Fédération française d’athlétisme, Le Miroir de l’athlétisme, revue déclinée du journal Miroir sprint, proche du parti communiste français, et l’Équipe athlétisme magazine, associée au journal l’Équipe. Portant sur l’ensemble du discours, tant son contenu que ses stratégies énonciatives, l’analyse effectuée met en avant le recours par les journalistes français aux modèles rhétoriques utilisés par leurs homologues britanniques à la fin de la période coloniale. Identifiés par John Bale, ces modèles rhétoriques (la surveillance, l’appropriation, la négation et l’idéalisation) s’affirment progressivement à travers quatre étapes chronologiques de 1960 à 2000. La France n’ayant jamais colonisé le Kenya, cette démarche propose donc d’élargir la question postcoloniale aux interactions culturelles entre des pays dépourvus de liens coloniaux.
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EN. Media regularly report on the high performances, as well as the missteps, of Kenyan athletes occupying top places in the most prestigious international long-distance running competitions. If the French sports press has become accustomed to this podium hegemony, a desire to understand and explain the “Kenyan phenomenon” arose in the 1960’s, when East African athletics was gradually asserting itself at the highest levels of competition. The article aims to demonstrate that the narrative developed by French journalists on Kenyan athletics in the decades following African independences is part of rhetorical processes intertwined with postcolonial mechanisms. Embedded in the field of postcolonial studies, the research aims to identify and explain the evolution of discursive modalities used by French journalists to cover Kenyan sporting successes. Despite Kenya being a former British colony, specific characteristics appear in the analyzed text corpus and highlight how French journalists perpetuate cultural domination mechanisms, which sit in contrast with the sporting preeminence of Kenyan athletes. Three magazines published in the 1960s and specialized in the field of athletics were selected for the research, based on their reputation and the eclecticism of their editorial lines: L'Athlétisme, published by the French Athletics Federation ; Le Miroir de l'athlétisme, a magazine based on the Miroir sprint, known to be close to the French Communist Party ; and l'Équipe athlétisme magazine, a spin-off edition from the newspaper l'Équipe. The analysis of the discourse, from both content and enunciative strategies perspectives, highlights how French journalists resort to rhetorical models used by their British counterparts during the same period. Identified by John Bale, the models include surveillance, appropriation, negation and idealization, and appear chronologically in the press in four stages, from 1960 to 2000. Since Kenya was never under French colonial rule, the article suggests to broaden the postcolonial discussion to cultural interactions between countries without colonial ties.
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PT. Os meios de comunicação informam regularmente sobre as façanhas, senão os desvios, dos atletas quenianos que dominam os eventos de corrida de longa distância de maior prestígio em todo o mundo. Já habituada a esta hegemonia, a imprensa desportiva francesa passou a questioná-la nos anos 1960, enquanto o atletismo da África Oriental se afirmava ao mais alto nível internacional, demonstrando o seu desejo de compreender e explicar o “fenômeno queniano”. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que a emergência do atletismo queniano no mais alto nível internacional no período pós-colonial é entendida pelos jornalistas franceses como uma parte retórica de um processo pós-colonial. Inserido no campo dos estudos pós-coloniais, este estudo visa identificar e explicar as transformações das modalidades discursivas segundo as quais os jornalistas franceses cobrem os sucessos quenianos. Embora o Quênia seja uma ex-colônia britânica, os textos estudados refletem a dominação cultural característica do período colonial que os jornalistas opõem à dominação esportiva dos atletas quenianos. Três revistas especializadas em atletismo surgidas na década de 1960, escolhidas tanto por sua reputação quanto pelo ecletismo de suas linhas editoriais, são analisadas: Athletics, órgão oficial de imprensa da Federação Francesa de Atletismo, Le Miroir de athletics, resenha da revista Miroir sprint, próxima ao Partido Comunista Francês, e a revista de atletismo Équipe, associada ao jornal L'Équipe. Abrangendo todo o discurso, tanto o seu conteúdo como as suas estratégias enunciativas, a análise realizada destaca a utilização pelos jornalistas franceses dos modelos retóricos utilizados pelos seus congêneres britânicos no final do período colonial. Identificados por John Bale, esses modelos retóricos (vigilância, apropriação, negação e idealização) afirmam-se gradativamente por meio de quatro estágios cronológicos de 1960 a 2000. Como a França nunca colonizou o Quênia, esta abordagem propõe, portanto, estender a questão pós-colonial às interações culturais entre países desprovidos de laços coloniais.
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Franke, F., L. Coulon, C. Renaudat, B. Euillot, N. Kessalis, and P. Malfait. "Epidemiologic surveillance system implemented in the Hautes-Alpes District, France, during the Winter Olympic Games, Torino 2006." Eurosurveillance 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.11.12.00671-en.
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Some of the competitions of the Olympic Winter Games in Torino, 10 to 26 February 2006, were organised in France near the city of Briançon, in the department of Hautes-Alpes. An epidemiologic surveillance system was set up by the local health authorities. The goals were to detect in a timely fashion any phenomenon which could justify prevention or sanitary control action, and to guide interventions in the case of outbreak or environmental pollution. Surveillance was implemented from 30 January to15 March 2006 in the Briançon area. Mortality was tracked using by analysing the number and cause of deaths. A sentinel network of general practitioners was set up and reported the frequency of acute gastroenteritis, influenza-like illness and measles. Medical laboratories provided data about the analyses they undertook. Hospital emergency department and emergency ambulance service activities were followed up. Statutory notification diseases and toxic effects of carbon monoxide surveillances were reinforced. Analysed data were transmitted daily to the health authorities. A French/English report was sent weekly to all participants. The participation rate was close to 100%, and data transmission deadlines were respected. No adverse health event was identified. The strong acceptability of this surveillance system comes from its good understanding by the participants. This surveillance, structured around routine and ad-hoc systems, allowed the establishment of the foundations of a network to be used in case of outbreak or environmental pollution.
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Castaignède, Laurent, Frederic Veny, Johnathan Edwards, and Véronique Billat. "The Carbon Footprint of Marathon Runners: Training and Racing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052769.
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Marathon running leaves a significant carbon footprint regarding CO2 emissions; for example, 37 percent of New York Marathon participants travel internationally to New York. The aim of this study is to estimate the CO2 footprint of a person training and competing in a marathon; we will also propose methods to minimize the CO2 footprint because of transportation. In addition, we also examine the influence of food practices and hygiene on training and racing a marathon. Methods: We estimated the annual carbon footprint of one person taking part in a marathon. We considered all training, racing, and travelling (local and international) for one person (we are going to give him the first name of “Henri”), and then compared his CO2 footprint with his colleagues playing tennis and soccer. The excess CO2 footprint whilst running and for shoes, clothing, books, magazines, insurance, travel, hygiene, laundry, and resources for electronics and additional food consumed were calculated. For competitions, we estimated and compared the CO2 emission from transportation to national vs. international marathon (New York). Results: We estimated that our runner emitted 4.3 tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2e), including all greenhouse gases. A transatlantic flight to New York corresponded to 3.5 tons CO2, which is 83% of the annual carbon footprint of an average French citizen which is about 11 tons CO2e/year. This leads to a sudden 40% increase in Henri’s annual carbon footprint. Conclusions: By focusing on the additional carbon footprint from one year of marathon training and racing, and traveling locally versus internationally, this sport still has a potentially significant carbon footprint that runners and race organizers ought to consider. We wanted to answer a growing question of marathon runners who are wondering about the carbon footprint of their sports practice in following with a new environmentalist trend that considers not traveling anymore to participate in marathons and to stay local. However, the representativeness in the selection of calculation objectives is very low. There is no need for statistics since this study is a theoretical simulation of traditional training and competition practices of marathon runners.
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Zhuk, Ivan, and Oleg Chertov. "Framework based on conformal predictors and power martingales for detection of fixed football matches." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 4 (122) (April 29, 2023): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.276977.
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One of the difficult problems that arises during football competitions is match-fixing. In terms of negative effect, such shameful phenomena are commensurate with the problem of doping. This paper has analyzed known methods for the possible detection of match-fixing, including sociological analysis of participants in match-fixing, methods for predicting the outcome of the match, analysis of bets and performance of the player or team during the match. It is noted that the assessment of match-fixed results in the considered methods is carried out based on the analysis of a large amount of data. But such information is not always available. Given the insufficient formalization of the problem area, it is relevant to conduct research that does not require a large amount of non-publicly available data but, at the same time, makes it possible to effectively identify potentially suspicious matches regarding a fixed result. The description of the input data is formalized in the form of a data structure containing a chronological history of the results of football seasons, the ranking of teams and matches of the season depending on the overall result of the teams in the season. A method for detecting suspicious football matches with a fixed result has been built using conformal predictors and power martingales within which a new measure of non-conformity has been introduced to determine atypical football matches. To obtain a generalization of the statistics of atypical matches, a power submartingale was used. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed method for detecting suspicious football matches was carried out based on precision and recall of the classification metrics using data on the 2013–2014 season of the French II League. The quality of work of the developed method reaches 85 % in terms of precision metric, 96 % in terms of recall metric, and 0.853 in terms of metric F1.
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Wille, Fabien. "Journaliste de sport et diversité." Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v10.n2.2021.440.
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FR. Le sport occupe une place non négligeable dans la société médiatisée. Dès lors, les productions informationnelles, à propos du sport, doivent être appréhendées comme des denrées objectivées (Quére, 2000) et « normalisées » dans le sens ou le sport est traité en fonction de significations sociales existantes, co-construites et légitimées par le journaliste lui-même. La diversité constitue-t-elle alors une norme ? Comment est-elle construite ? Comment est-elle perçue par les journalistes ? Dans quelle mesure cela interfère-t-il dans les pratiques et les discours produits ? Sur le plan théorique et méthodologique, l’analyse convoque les travaux de Denis McQuail (1997 & 2003) à propos de « the accountability of media ». L’analyse prend alors appui sur l’identification des procédés discursifs proposés par Schaeffer (1989), qui se structurent, d’une part par un acte communicationnel qui s’élabore sur la base des processus d’énonciation et d’autre part par l’acte réalisé. En l’occurrence, les données de terrain utilisées émanent du Projet RSJ-MéDiS, elles proviennent de différentes rencontres, journées d’étude, colloques, entretiens et échanges parfois informels. Si ces données permettent de mieux appréhender le contexte d’énonciation, l’analyse de l’acte réalisé, s’effectue quant à lui, au moyen des commentaires produits à l’occasion des directs consultés sur l’INAthèque. Les événements choisis sont les compétitions d’athlétisme à l’occasion des Jeux Olympiques de Rio (2016) et les Championnats du Monde de Londres (2017) diffusés sur les différentes chaines du groupe France-Télévisions (France 2-3-4). Dans le cas du terrain exploré, celui des journalistes de France Télévisions et au regard des évènements analysés, celui des compétitions internationales d’athlétisme, ce sont les normes et les valeurs communément associées au sport qui servent de cadre à l'interprétation des événements et des performances sportives. Tantôt inclusif, tantôt ségrégatif et exclusif, le discours oscille en fonction des fluctuations des normes sportives.
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EN. Sports take a significant place in our media societies. Informational productions on sports should therefore be apprehended as objectified commodities (Quére, 2000) and "normalized". This implies that sports should be apprehended based on existing social meanings which are co-constructed and given legitimacy by the journalist himself. Can diversity be considered as a norm? What does it consist of? How is it perceived by journalists? To what extent does it interfere with practices and discourses produced? The analysis developed refers theoretically and methodologically to the work of Denis McQuail (1997 & 2003) on "the accountability of media". It builds on the identification of discursive processes suggested by Schaeffer (1989), which are structured on the one hand by a communicative act that is elaborated on the basis of the processes of enunciation, and on the other hand by the act performed. In this case, the field data analyzed was produced by the RSJ-MéDiS Project: it was gathered during multiple competitions, workshops, symposiums, interviews and occasional informal exchanges. This data allows to better comprehend the enunciation context; however, analysis of the performed acts was conducted thanks to the commentary produced during the live broadcasts of selected sporting events. Those were consulted on the French National Archive Institute online consultation service, the INAthèque. The sporting events considered were the athletics competitions of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games as well as the 2017 London World Athletics Championships, which were broadcasted on multiple channels of the French public broadcasting company France Télévisions (France 2-3-4). In the present field of research – the discourse of France Télévisions sports journalists, and with regard to the events analyzed – international athletics competitions, norms and values commonly associated with sports appear to serve as a framework for the interpretation of sporting events and performances. At times inclusive, at times discriminatory, the discourse evolves based on the fluctuations of norms in sports.
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PT. O esporte ocupa um lugar significativo na sociedade midiatizada. Consequentemente, as produções informacionais sobre o esporte devem ser entendidas como mercadorias objetivadas (Quére, 2000) e “normalizadas” no sentido de que o esporte é tratado de acordo com os significados sociais existentes, co-construídos e legitimados pelo próprio jornalista. A diversidade é então uma norma? Como ela é construída? Como é percebida pelos jornalistas? Em que medida isso interfere nas práticas e discursos produzidos? No plano teórico-metodológico, a análise recorre ao trabalho de Denis McQuail (1997 e 2003) sobre "a responsabilização dos meios de comunicação". A análise baseia-se, então, na identificação dos processos discursivos propostos por Schaeffer (1989), os quais se estruturam, por um lado, por um ato comunicativo que se desenvolve a partir dos processos de enunciação e, por outro, pelo ato realizado. Neste caso, os dados de campo utilizados provêm do Projeto RSJ-MéDiS, advindos de vários encontros, jornadas de estudo, seminários, entrevistas e por vezes trocas informais. Enquanto esses dados proporcionam uma melhor compreensão do contexto do enunciado, a análise do ato praticado é realizada por meio de comentários produzidos durante as visitas diretas ao INAthèque. Os eventos escolhidos são as competições de atletismo dos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio (2016) e do Mundial de Londres (2017) transmitidos nos diversos canais do grupo France-Televisions (France 2-3-4). No caso do campo explorado, o dos jornalistas da France Télévisions e no que se refere aos eventos analisados, o das competições internacionais de atletismo, são os padrões e valores comumente associados ao esporte que servem de quadro para a interpretação dos eventos e desempenho esportivo. Às vezes inclusivo, às vezes segregativo e exclusivo, o discurso oscila de acordo com as flutuações dos padrões esportivos.
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MERCIER, JULIE, IRINA PIVNEVA, and DEBRA TITONE. "Individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word processing." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17, no. 1 (April 4, 2013): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000084.
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We investigated whether individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word recognition. While their eye movements were monitored, native English and native French English–French bilinguals listened to English words (e.g., field) and looked at pictures corresponding to the target, a within-language competitor (feet), a French cross-language competitor (fille “girl”), or both, and unrelated filler pictures. We derived cognitive and oculomotor inhibitory control measures from a battery of inhibitory control tasks. Increased cognitive inhibitory control was linked to less within-language competition for all bilinguals, and less cross-language competition for native French low-English-exposure bilinguals. Increased oculomotor inhibitory control was linked to less within-language competition for all native French bilinguals, and less cross-language competition for native French low-English-exposure bilinguals. The results extend previous findings (Blumenfeld & Marian, 2011), and suggest that individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word processing.
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Shakhov, Artem A. "The source study aspect of studying the biography of the first Russian Olympic medalist, head of the Department of Physical Education of the Military Medical Academy A. P. Petrov." Physical Education and University Sport 2, no. 3 (September 22, 2023): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2782-4594-2023-2-3-246-253.
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Alexander Petrovich Petrov made a huge contribution to the development of wrestling and the Olympic movement, he became the first Russian to win an Olympic medal. In 1908 A. P. Petrov became a silver medalist at the IV Olympic Games (London) in French wrestling competitions. A. P. Petrov was at the origin of the creation of the concept of domestic physical education of students. He did a lot as a theorist and practitioner in the field of professional physical culture and sports education, working at the leading universities of the country – the State Pedagogical Institute named after A. I. Herzen and the Institute of Physical Education named after P. F. Lesgaft. He was engaged in the development of student sports, headed the Department of Physical Education of the Military Medical Academy. At the same time, the personality of A. P. Petrov and his contribution to the declared directions of physical education and sports are poorly studied and underestimated. Studying the biography of A. P. Petrov is important from the historical, pedagogical and local history sides, his name needs to be perpetuated and promoted. The new and available in scientific circulation information sources about the life of A. P. Petrov are analyzed, further directions of research of his personality are outlined. Research methods are analysis of scientific publications, periodicals, memoirs, archival materials, photographic documents, epistolary activity with experts, search method. Publications and other sources devoted to the facets of the personality of A. P. Petrov – sports, scientific, pedagogical, medical, forensic, stage, managerial, etc – were found and analyzed. It was proved that A. P. Petrov was the first Russian Olympic medalist. Previously unused sources have been introduced into scientific circulation, the burial place of A. P. Petrov was found. It is shown that A. P. Petrov was a very hardworking person, devoted to his chosen path, respected among his colleagues. The directions of further research of the personality of A. P. Petrov are outlined.
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Chertov, Oleg, and Ivan Zhuk. "Detection of fixed football matches based on the theory of conformal predictors using the modified Stepanets indicator function." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 4 (123) (June 30, 2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.282645.
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An urgent issue of modern football competitions is the detection of fixed matches. Known methods for predicting the outcome of a match by analyzing bets on a match or analyzing the actions of football players on the field use a large amount of data that is not always available. To overcome this obstacle, there can be applied a method for detecting suspicious fixed match results based on conformal predictors and power martingales, which uses publicly available public data. But in practice, this method does not always detect such matches with high precision. An improved method for determining a suspicious match is proposed, based on the theory of conformal predictors using a modified Stepanets indicator function, which is compared with a threshold. The modified Stepanets indicator function is applied to the power martingale and shows the relative change in the martingale value of the current match compared to the previous match. The threshold value was determined experimentally according to the criterion of the maximum of the F1 metric. Data from the 2013–2014 season of the French II League were used as a training sample, and data from the 2014–2015 season of Serie B in Italy were used as a test sample. Team clustering was performed on all samples. For each of the formed classes of matches on both samples, the measure of non-conformity, the degree of non-conformity, the power martingale, and the modified Stepanets indicator function were calculated. The resulting indicators of precision metrics and F1 are higher (average values of metrics P=0.84, F1=0.87) than the same indicators of martingale and p-value rules (average values of metrics P=0.75, F1=0.78), applied to the same data. The proposed method reveals 4 out of 5 matches of the 2014–2015 Serie B season in Italy, which are considered fixed according to information from official Italian law enforcement sources
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Bruthiaux, Paul. "Favouring French loanwords." English Today 13, no. 3 (July 1997): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400009834.
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Burel, Oleksandr. "On Gabriel Pierné and his compositions for piano and orchestra." Aspects of Historical Musicology 16, no. 16 (September 15, 2019): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-16.10.
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Background. The French composers’ creativity of the late XIX – first third of XX centuries is the admirable treasury of the world musical art. It is worth mentioning such remarkable and original artists as C. Debussy and M. Emmanuel, P. Dukas and E. Satie, A.Roussel and M.Ravel. The name of G. Pierné (1863–1937) can surely be added to this series of authors. But his oeuvre is still terra incognita for us. The thorough considerable researches about the author are not numerous. The monograph “Gabriel Pierné: musicien lorrain” by G. Masson was created in 1987, and the publication of the composer’s letters named as “Correspondance romaine” was published in 2005. In the 2000s, a lot of audio recordings of his best works were published, which testifies to the relevance of the author’s heritage and confirms the urgency of present topic of article. Objectives of this study is to focus researchers on G. Pierné’s personality and art, to consider his works for piano and symphonic orchestra – Fantasy-Ballet, Piano Concerto, Scherzo-Caprice, Symphonic Poem. Methods. The research is based on the historical biographical, the intonational, the comparative research methods. Results. C. Debussy, M. Ravel and composers of “Les Six” at their time outshined Pierné’s work. But years have passed and interest in the personality of this author has appeared. During his training in Paris Conservatory (1871–1882), G. Pierné achieved excellent results, having won in many student competitions. He studied composition in the class of J. Massenet (together with E. Chausson, G. Charpentier, G. Ropartz). Having won the competition for the Prix de Rome (1882), the young author was given the opportunity to live at Villa Medici (1883–1885). Spent time in Rome was one of the best episodes of his life. The first concert work by G. Pierné – Fantasy-Ballet (1885) for piano and orchestra was written there. The composition is based on the sequence of contrasting dancing episodes in the character of march, gallop, waltz, tarantella. It is significant that the ballet genre took pride of place in the work of G. Pierné later. The composer’s staying in Italy caused visibility, colorfulness, cheerfulness, feed activity, energy of images, using of genre motifs in FantasyBallet. The series of various episodes conveys a whimsical change of mood and resembles a sketches of impression. Returning to Paris in 1885, G. Pierné sought to strengthen his reputation as a soloist by entering the salon circles. At this time, he created many piano works, including the three-movement Piano Concerto c-moll (1886). This composition contains many dramatic moments which concentrated in the first and third movements of the cycle. However, as is often the case with French Romantic composers, such using of dramatic elements has a somewhat superficial, rhetorical character. The first movement is written in sonata form. The theme of the main subject (in c-moll), expounded by the piano octaves, is active and boisterous. And the secondary Es-dur subject is peaceful and lucid. There is the same entrancing serenity as in the lyrical theme of the E. Grieg’s Piano Concerto finale. In the first movement, the development is very short, and the recapitulation is abridged. It should be noted that G. Pierné refused to use the cadence of the soloist. The second movement is written in a three-part form with elements of variation and rondo. This light scherzo takes the listener away from the anxieties of previous movement. Every bar of this music, in which everything is made with elegant French taste, caresses the ear. The main theme, including the dotted rhythm, serves as a refrain that permeates the entire movement. The finale is distinguished by its developmental forcefulness and truly symphonic reach. So, the continuation of C. Saint-Saëns’s covenants is in the concentration of thematic material, the observableness of form, the rhetorical syllable, and rhythmic activity at the Pierné’s Piano Concerto. Scherzo-Caprice (1890) enriched the French miniature line. The image sphere of this opus is lucid lyrics, good-gentle jocosity, and solemnity. The melodic talent of the composer proved itself very convincing here. The theme of the waltz echoes the waltz episode from the Fantasy-Ballet in some details. Being written also in A-dur, it contains the upward melody moves with a passing VI# (fisis), and also diversions into the minor (cis-moll in Scherzo-Caprice, fis-moll in Fantasy-Ballet). At the turn of the century, the influence of C. Franck’s music was produced on the G. Pierné’s style. This is reflected in such works as the Symphonic Poem “L’An Mil” (1897), Violin Sonata (1900), oratorio “Saint François d’Assise” (1912), and Cello Sonata (1919). An appeal to the Symphonic Poem for piano and orchestra (1903) is also a clear sign of rapprochement with the late romantic branch (C. Franck, E. Сhausson). Here we see a departure of G. Pierné from the C. Saint-Saëns’s concert traditions, which he held before. In the Poem, such qualities as virtuosity, concert brilliance, and representativeness are somewhat leveled, which is caused with the narrative character of this work. Conclusions. During the “Renovation period” of French music, the piano and orchestra compositions experienced a real upsurge in its development. Composers began to turn more often not only to the Piano Concerto genre, but also to non-cyclic works – Fantasies, Poems, Rhapsodies, etc. G. Pierné contributed much to this branch along with C. Saint-Saëns, B. Godard, Ch.-M. Widor. In his Fantasy-Ballet, Piano Concerto, Scherzo-Caprice, we find the continuation of C. Saint-Saëns’s instrumental traditions. This is manifested in the moderation of the musical language, the normative character of harmonious thinking, the absolute clarity of discourse, concern for the relief of the melodic line. In the Symphonic Poem, contiguity with the musical aesthetics of С. Franck is revealed, which is reflected in harmony modulation shifts, appeal to polyphonic technique, differentiated and more powerful orchestration.
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Monnier-Schlumberger, Constance, and Emmanuel Combe. "Public Opinion on Cartels and Competition Policy in France: Analysis and Implications." World Competition 42, Issue 3 (September 1, 2019): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2019019.
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In this article, we analyse the foundations, methodology, results and implications of a survey conducted by the French Competition Authority on the perception of cartels and competition policy by general public in France. The results show that French people consider these practices to be harmful and are in favour of dissuasive sanctions. In addition, while not in favour of imposing a prison sentence on individuals, public opinion favours the implementation of criminal sanctions, in particular in the form of disqualification. The results also suggest that cartels are considered to be as serious or more serious breach of the law than other types of fraud. Moreover, French people agree to denounce this practice, but on ethical grounds more than in exchange for a monetary reward. Finally, the French Competition Authority enjoys a certain notoriety, unlike the cartel cases it deals with and despite the amount of sanctions imposed. These empirical results can help to better guide competition policy and enhance its effectiveness.
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Taraban, Roman, and Bret Roark. "Competition in learning language-based categories." Applied Psycholinguistics 17, no. 2 (April 1996): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271640000761x.
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ABSTRACTCompetition is a property of cognitive processing which results from learning that is characterized by the indeterminate encoding of instances and from processing that is characterized by the mutual influence of all activated representations on one another. In the present study, non-French participants learned gender-appropriate adjectives (petit or petite) for a set of 24 French nouns. We found that learning the same set of feminine French nouns could be made more or less difficult when the nouns in the masculine category created more or less competition. One measure from the Competition Model of MacWhinney and Bates (Bates & MacWhinney, 1987, 1989; MacWhinney, 1985, 1987) – cue reliability – predicted these competition effects. We tested an alternative measure based on the encoding of the nouns in memory (termed exemplars) and found that it predicted participants' mean learning performance somewhat more accurately. In the final section of this article, we extend our exemplar-based measure to a connectionist network in order to account for competition and the time course of learning. The network provided a superior fit to the data, with an averageR2= .91.
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Turolla. "Spatial Competition in the French Supermarket Industry." Annals of Economics and Statistics, no. 121/122 (2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.15609/annaeconstat2009.121-122.213.
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Reulier, Emmanuelle, and Yvon Rocaboy. "Regional Tax Competition: Evidence from French Regions." Regional Studies 43, no. 7 (August 2009): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400801932334.
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Legendre, Géraldine, and Paul Smolensky. "A competition-based analysis of French anticausatives." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 40, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.40.1.02leg.
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Abstract Some long-standing questions surrounding anticausatives in languages like French include whether the morphological marking (presence/absence of se) correlates with interpretational differences and/or different syntax. We examine the three anticausatives classes (optional se, obligatory se, no se) in three aspectual contexts and formulate a generalization whereby a default morphological form (reflexive-/non-reflexive-marked) can be identified for each context, plus an interpretive anti-blocking effect: if the lexicon does not provide the default form then the other form (regardless of morphology) preserves the aspectual interpretation of its transitive source. French anticausative se is tied to lexical aspect (rather than syntax), but the distribution is complex and non-transparent. We argue that the grammar allows bidirectional competition among forms and interpretations and the formalize analysis in Bidirectional OT (Superoptimality).