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Academic literature on the topic 'French Competitions'

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Published: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "French Competitions"

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Schoeman, Riaan, and Robert Schall. "Comparison of match-related performance indicators between major professional rugby competitions." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 3 (June 2019): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119848419.

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The study compared performance indicators of four major international rugby union competitions, namely Super Rugby, Aviva Premiership, Guinness Pro 12 and French Top 14. Most performance indicators of Aviva Premiership and Guinness Pro 12 rugby competitions were similar but distinctive from French Top 14 and Super Rugby competitions, which in turn were generally similar. The Aviva Premiership and Guinness Pro 12 had similar numbers of ball carries, tries, offloads, kicks, tackles, line-outs and scrums that were significantly higher than French Top 14 and Super Rugby. Offloads ( p = .0015) and tries ( p = .0368) were significantly higher for Super Rugby than the Guinness Pro 12, but the Guinness Pro 12 had significantly higher counts for carries ( p ≤ .0001), passes ( p = .0010) and kicks ( p = .0054). In contrast, counts of tackle breaks ( p ≤ .0001) and line breaks were significantly higher for Super Rugby in comparison to the Aviva Premiership ( p = .0057), Guinness Pro 12 ( p = .0064) and French Top 14 ( p ≤ .0001). All competitions showed areas of weakness and strength, which could be due to specific game plans followed in the unique pitch and weather conditions during competition.
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Caspari, Daniela. "Literaturwettbewerbe - ein sinnvoller Beitrag für den fremdsprachlichen Literaturunterricht? Überlegungen zu den französischen Wettbewerben Prix des lycéens und Francomics." Fremdsprachen Lehren und Lernen 51, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/flul-2022-0006.

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Although student competitions play an important role in school life, they are hardly discussed in the field of foreign language didactics (referring to the German context). This article presents the two largest competitions for French language teaching, Prix des lycéens and Francomics, and explores their potential for engaging with literary texts in a school context. What seems particularly successful about the competitions is that they take students seriously as readers and challenge them to engage creatively with the works they read. This is especially meaningful since French language teaching in schools has been facing many challenges. The competitions seek to redress such difficulties by providing a selection of current French books for adolescent readers, by offering additional teaching material and other services, and ultimately enriching and supplementing French lessons.
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Udovički-Selb, Danilo. "Reinventing Paris." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.2.179.

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An intense national debate preceded the 1937 Paris Exposition, involving two series of competitions that summarized the issues of the entire decade of the 1930s and intersected with controversies about the future of Paris. The 1932 competition to select a new exposition site in an area where it could stimulate Paris’s growth and the subsequent competition series of 1934–35 yielded remarkable proposals. These included projects by Beaudouin and Lods, Pierre Patout, and Le Corbusier, as well as Auguste Perret’s proposal for a “Champs-Élysées of the Rive Gauche” affecting the entire southern half of Paris. In Reinventing Paris: The Competitions for the 1937 Paris International Exposition, Danilo Udovički-Selb looks at the complex discourse around the 1937 Exposition and concludes that this occasion was a missed opportunity for the “reinvention” of the French capital, which emerged only as a mirage in phantasmagoric light pageantries for the duration of the exposition.
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Koval, Rostyslav, Olha Romanchuk, Ulyana Protsenko, Andrii Sova, and Olesia Tatarovska. "The peculiarities of elaboration of the French-Ukrainian and UkrainianFrench dictionary of physical education and sport." XLinguae 14, no. 4 (October 2021): 282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.04.19.

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In this article we analyze the principles of elaboration of the French-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-French dictionary of physical education and sport / PES. In the dictionary, we include the terms to name the sites where a sporting activity takes place; the names of players and sportsmen; medical professions; equipment and accessories; sports; competitions and rules; people and structures that follow these regulations; institutions and organizations; verbs related to sport; techniques and styles; results, procedures and reactions; sports medicine terminology. The practical results will improve the possibilities of teaching French for students of physical education and sport, and for those who want to learn French for specific purposes (PES).
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Le, Anh Sy Huy. "Mortal Remains as Biohazard." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 18, no. 1-2 (2023): 15–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2023.18.1-2.15.

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This article examines French efforts to disrupt the transfer of two thousand Chinese remains from Sài Gòn–Chợ Lớn to Hong Kong in 1892. French officials cited biohazardous threats as grounds for legal interdiction, infuriating Cantonese leaders who demanded the removal of bureaucratic obstacles to repatriations. Situating French epidemiology within a global bubonic plague outbreak, this article shows how colonial panic activated a racialized biopolitics that demonized Chinese bodies as plague-borne menaces and justified drastic measures. As interimperial competitions for biomedical research intensified, transnational Chinese practices, perceived as undermining public health initiatives, became a flashpoint of conflicts over hygiene, mobility, and interethnic interactions.
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Andersson, Jonas E. "Architectural Competitions on Aging in Denmark Spatial Prototypes to Achieve Homelikeness 1899–2012." Architecture 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture3010005.

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In Denmark, appropriate architecture for aging is an engaging topic, often explored through the use of architectural competitions. Since 2013, national guidelines for homelike architecture for eldercare have been in place, open for use in contemporaneous competitions. This study is focused on architectural competitions prior to 2013 and the development of modern architecture for aging. Based on reports on competitions in professional publications for architects, this study covers the period of 1899–2012. Inspired by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur’s view of architecture as a spatial practice that ‘does not invoke what no longer is there but what has become through what is no longer present’, the present study revisits competitions on architecture for aging in search of inspirational input and links to the national socio-political discussion. This study uses case study methodology with a mixed method approach. A total of 76 competitions are identified, mainly organized by Danish municipalities, and are linked to four paradigms in social legislations. It is concluded that early competitions defined spatial prototypes, both for the homelike setting and the institutional environment, which have been continuously revisited. Since 2008, homelikeness has become the main design criterion for architecture for the frail aging population with an increasing dependency on caregiving.
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Boldyreva, Elena. "IYCr in Novosibirsk." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087087.

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The present contribution sums up the main activities related to celebrations of the IYCr in Novosibirsk (Russia). I give a general overview of crystallographic research and education in Novosibirsk at the Russian Academy of Sciences and at the Novosibirsk State University, to explain which basis we have for organizing various activities for children and for general public. I shall, in particular, describe the program of continuous crystallographic education starting from nursery to the university, including crystal growth courses and competitions, research projects involving children, festivals, public lectures, various competitions and exhibitions. A special attention will be paid to the activity of school-children from the French school, who have translated all the posters prepared by J.-L. Hodeau from French into Russian. The group has visited Grenoble and presented their work there, and participated also in the IYCr Opening Ceremony. Other activities include International Workshops and Conferences for students and young scientists, as well as an OpenLab in cooperation with STOE (Darmstadt).
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EL MEHDI, Zerrad. "THE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION OF MOROCCAN AND FRENCH SPORTS JOURNALISTIC ARTICLES CASE OF COVERAGE OF THE QATAR 2022 WORLD CUP QUALIFIERS." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 05, no. 05 (October 1, 2023): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.22.5.

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In this work, our aim is to verify some communicative strategies used in sports journalistic articles. To do this, we used a set of sports articles published in online newspapers. These are articles from the French and Moroccan press. More precisely, these are sports articles covering events linked to soccer competitions. For reasons of corpus homogeneity, the period chosen for data collection concerns articles covering the Qatar 2022 World Cup qualifiers. The choice of French and Moroccan media is justified by the comparative nature of our study.
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Guttman, Renata. "Architecture in Canada: French-language publishing, 1981-1995." Art Libraries Journal 21, no. 3 (1996): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200009949.

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Interest in Canada’s built heritage flourished in the period following 1967, inspired by the centennial of Confederation and institutional support of heritage research. An already vibrant and officially sanctioned concern for cultural history in Canada’s mainly Francophone province Quebec and the Official Languages Act of 1969 resulted in a rich series of French-language publications devoted to Canadian architecture. The architecture of provinces, cities and towns, of individual styles, buildings and architects, architectural competitions and archaeology have all been explored in the literature. The contribution of scholars, cultural, academic, and governmental institutions, and publishers has created a strong body of work related to architecture in Canada.
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Ceglarek, Michał. "Colette Gaveau-Małcużyńska – portret pianistki." Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, no. 1(14) (2023): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2023.01.14.04.

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The article is an attempt to sketch a portrait of the talented French pianist Colette Gaveau (1913–1987), winner of the first prize of the Paris Conservatory in 1932, participant in several international music competitions, including the 3rd Piano Competition Frederic Chopin in Warsaw in 1937 and the Eugène Ysaÿe, which took place in Brussels in 1938. A breakthrough event in the life of young Colette Gaveau was the marriage with the Polish pianist Witold Małcużyński (1914–1977) in October 1939. Due to the warfare of World War II, Gaveau-Małcużyńska left France with her husband, first to Portugal and then to Argentina. The Małcużyński family did not return to Europe until 1945. Colette Gaveau-Małcużyńska was a faithful and patient companion in the life and successes of one of the most outstanding Polish pianists of the second half of the 20th century.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "French Competitions"

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Osti, Clementina. "Utopian identities : an enquiry into the cognitive and social function of cultural institutions : a case study of French, Italian and Spanish literary competitions in the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611207.

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Andrade, de oliveira Luiz Flavio. "Incremental innovation and competition in the french pharmaceutical market : Empirical analysis." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22021.

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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la compréhension des aspects concurrentiels du marché de l’innovation incrémentale en France en s’appuyant sur une approche empirique. A cette fin, l’analyse porte plus particulièrement sur l’innovation incrémentale et les dynamiques concurrentielles des médicaments appelés en France « similaires ». La littérature anglophone retient les expressions « me-too » ou « follow-on » pour définir les produits pharmaceutiques à faible valeur ajoutée et qui ont des caractéristiques anatomiques, thérapeutiques et chimiques proches des molécules précédemment mises sur le marché. Le premier chapitre vise notamment l’étude sur les parts de marché des médicaments « follow-on » et le lien avec la variable stratégique définie par l’ordre d’arrivée sur le marché. Dans ce chapitre de thèse, on vérifie que les premiers follow-on d’une classe thérapeutique ont un avantage concurrentiel en ce qui concerne la capacité des capturer et de maintenir des parts de marché pendant une longue période. En outre, les parts de marché sont positivement corrélés avec l’habilité de la firme de fixer un prix supérieur au premier médicament de la classe. Cet avantage stratégique des premiers entrants est aussi intrinsèquement lié aux caractéristiques qualitatives des produits puisque nous avons pu constater que les parts de marché des médicaments sont directement corrélés avec le niveau d’innovation du produit. Le deuxième chapitre de la thèse apporte des éléments sur la nature concurrentielle en termes de prix du marché de l’innovation pharmaceutique incrémentale. Deux variables dépendantes mesurant le prix ont été considérées : le prix du produit calculé en coût du traitement journalier et le prix du médicament divisé par la moyenne des prix des médicaments similaires dans la classe. Nous vérifions que les derniers entrants ont une tendance à avoir un prix inférieur aux premières molécules « follow-on ». Cela implique une caractérisation des derniers entrants ayant un moindre pouvoir de négociation avec le régulateur autour du prix, notamment en raison d’une qualité innovatrice intrinsèque plus faible. Le troisième chapitre présente une analyse empirique autour de la confrontation des deux marchés émergents et d’importance majeure pour la régulation des systèmes de santé : le marché des génériques et le marché des médicaments « follow-on ». L’analyse se concentre sur les aspects de l’intensité de la compétition dans le marché des médicaments brevetés similaires et son impact sur la pénétration des versions génériques de ces derniers. Le constat est que l’intensité de la compétition de médicaments similaires est positivement et significativement corrélée avec l’introduction des génériques. Plus de produits « follow-on » entrainerait donc une baisse encore plus importante des prix des génériques des derniers « follow-on » dans la classe thérapeutique. L’approche essentiellement empirique de cette thèse doctorale permet ainsi de mieux comprendre les déterminants et la dynamique de ce marché relativement émergent et qui suscite des nombreux débats au sein de la communauté scientifique. Enfin nous terminons par une brève conclusion générale fondé autour des résultats de cette recherche permettent d’affirmer que dans un marché régulé comme celui qui prévaut en France, l’intensité de la compétition, engendré notamment par l’arrivé sur le marché des médicaments « follow-on », peut avoir des conséquences positives sur les aspects concurrentiels du secteur du médicament
The dynamics of pharmaceutical markets have been constantly changing last years. The development of the so called “follow-on” or “me-too” drugs has been in the centre of a major debate concerning the ability of innovation in the health sector. These drugs are characterized by having a minor level of innovation and do not add any therapeutic value in relation to the previous drugs launched in the market. This doctoral dissertation proposes three empirical essays concerning competition aspects in the market of incremental innovation in France. The first chapter focuses on the impact of entry order on “follow-on” drugs competition in the French market between years 2001 and 2007. More precisely, this study examines the effects on market share of first entrants in the follow-on drug market and how this possible competitive advantage changes over time. Our results are coherent with theoretical microeconomic issues concerning the importance of being first. We find evidence that first movers in the follow on drug market have the ability to capture and maintain greater market share for a long period of time. The hierarchical market position of follow on drugs does not seem to be affected by generic drugs emergence. From a dynamic perspective, our analysis shows that market share is positively correlated with the ability of follow on drugs to set prices higher than the average follow-on drug price in a specific therapeutic class (ATC) which means that market power remains considerably important for first movers. Finally we found that the optimum level of innovation to maximize market share is the highest one.The second chapter examines the relationship between entry order of follow-on drugs and their prices on the French pharmaceutical market. We used a representative panel data of 1047 follow-on drug formulations distributed in 118 ATC classes set over 2001-2007. Two measures of prices were used in the econometric specifications: the absolute price and the relative price of the follow-on drugs. The former concerns simply the absolute price of the drug in daily costs and the latter is the price of the drug relative to the average price of the follow-on drugs in the class. Both prices are calculated on the basis of manufacturer prices. These different indicators give us similar results for the impact of entry order on prices but they are differently correlated with market share. Moreover, our study analyses the potential impact of several variables on prices of pharmaceutical incremental innovation such as firm size, innovation and intensity of competition. Our results suggest that big firms have more ability to negotiate higher prices and that the number of follow-on drugs in the class and the emergence of generic competition may help decrease general prices in the ATC class. We have not found any relationship between prices and innovation in the French pharmaceutical market.The third chapter investigates the potential relationship between follow-on drugs dissemination and generic drug market emergence. It explores the structural determinants of off-patented drugs development at the therapeutic class level with a focus on explanatory variables that reflect the intensity of competition amongst similar interchangeable drugs. We found that generic market growth is greater in therapeutic classes where the number of similar drugs is high and the average brand price is low. This could be due to the fact that brand name drugs reduce their prices to keep market share when generic drugs enter the market. We study also the generic to follow-on brand price ratio at the individual drug level and we found that generic prices of later follow-on drugs are closer to the price of the brand name than generics of first follow-on movers. Our results are coherent with the fact that intensity of competition in the follow-on drugs may help reduce prices not only in the patented drug markets but also in the off-patented sector
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Orosz, Gábor. "Social representation of competition, fraud and academic cheating of French and Hungarian citizens." Reims, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REIML004.

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L'objectif de la thèse était la comparaison entre la représentation sociale de la compétition, de la fraude et celle de la tricherie académique des citoyens hongrois et français. Dans la première étude des hommes d'affaires hongrois ont été soumis à des entretiens sur la compétition : 79% des répondants a mentionné spontanément la malhonnêteté dans ce contexte. Dans l'étude 2, l'objectif était l'exploration de la représentation sociale de la compétition et de la fraude d'étudiants hongrois et français. Les résultats suggèrent une faible superposition entre compétition et fraude dans le cas de deux échantillons éxamines. Concernant le contenu de la représentation sociale de la compétition les hongrois sont plus orientés vers les résultats, alors que les français sont plus orientés vers le dépassement de soi. Dans le cas des hongrois, la tricherie académique est plus fréquemment mentionnée en matière de fraude que chez les français. L'étude 3 utilisant un questionnaire axée sur un analyse concernant la malhonnêteté académique montre que les étudiants hongrois signalent un taux de tricherie plus élevé et trouvent la tricherie plus acceptable que leurs pairs français. Dans la dernière étude, l'objectif était de créer une expérience permettant d'observer les effets des représentations sociales de la compétition et de la fraude au niveau comportemental. Les résultats n'ont pas confirmé que les étudiants hongrois trichaient plus que les étudiants français. Concernant les français, le seul prédicteur était le cercle de connaissances préalables tandis que dans le groupe des hongrois, la compétition ouverte était le prédicteur de la tricherie
The goal of the thesis was a comparison between hungarian and french citizens' social representation Of competition and fraud. In the first study hungarian businessmen were interviewed regarding Competition. The results showed that 79% of them mentioned spontaneously dishonesty during the Interviews. In the next study, the goal was the exploration of hungarian and french students' social Representation of competition and fraud. The results showed weak overlap between the two Representations concerning both examined samples. However, in the case of the content of the Representation of competition hungarians were more result-oriented, whereas french were oriented oward self-improvement. Moreover, hungarians' representations were more diverse and less organized than french' ones. In the case of fraud, hungarians mentioned more frequently academic cheating, than their french peers. Therefore, the following study concentrated more on cultural differences concerning academic cheating. The results suggest that hungarians reported a higher cheating rate, than french students. In the final study, cheating-related behavioral differences were examined in competitive situations. The results did not show that hungarians cheated more than french students. However, cultural differences were revealed: in the case of french students, previous acquaintanceship predicted cheating, whlle among hungarians it was open-competitive situation that predicted cheating behavior. The results were explained by taking into consideration the theory of social representations and previous researches in the field of competition and academic cheating
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Sally, Mohomed Razeen. "States and firms : the political economy of French and German multinational enterprises in international competition." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287047.

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This thesis entails the examination of the internationalisation during the 1980s of the twelve leading French and German-owned multinational enterprises [MNEs] in chemicals and electronics. They represent a significant part of the phenomenon of Europeanowned MNEs taking their places alongside U.S. and Japaneseowned MNEs as the main commercial actors in international competition. MNEs in the chemical and electronics sectors have been selected for analysis because they are technology-intensive in many of their businesses, which are at the cutting-edge of industry globalisation. This process of recent internationalisation is used to address a problematique that goes to the roots of institutional political economy : how and why has the internationalisation of these MNEs interacted with their "embeddedness" in the domestic structures of the French and German political economies, particularly in terms of their power relationships with external actors such as the home governments and financial institutions ? What are the French-German comparisons involved ? The primary political economy themes are as follows : the MNEs' roles as political actors, especially viewed in terms of their bargaining power relations with the home [central] governments; home government industrial policy vis-â-vis the MNEs; MNE financial relations with banks in France and Germany; MNE political activity at the level of the European Community -- the main geographical focus of internationalisation -- which is especially evident in technology policy. The empirical argument presented is that internationalisation imparts a dynamic that induces convergence effects between the French and German political economies, most importantly in the manner in which the MNEs are embedded in them. Such convergence is however limited and qualified by the enduring differences in the constitution of state-finance-industry linkages in France and Germany. It is argued that the primary theoretical contribution of this study is the inclusion of a business organisation approach, at the level of the firm, to put the spotlight on fundamental questions of political economy. Research in political economy has tended to overlook the role of the firm. The changes wrought by the internationalisation of business urgently require better firm-level conceptualisation and empirical research.
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Brooks, David. "Convergence but competition in French and German China-policies : toward an understanding of underdeveloped EU foreign policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23494.

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The China-policy of the European Union (EU) continues to be characterized by underdevelopment, even as it becomes more and more important to engage a China developing economic and political world power status. A general consensus has developed that EU Member States are largely responsible for the current state of EU China-policy. How they are specifically to blame is still controversial. The prominent study by John Fox and François Godement, “A Power Audit of EU-China Relations” (2009), suggests Member States, particularly the “Big Three,” Germany, France and the UK, are to blame because they take different political and economic “approaches” to China—approaches which may change from one administration to the next. National interests might naturally be assumed to play an important role in such approaches. National interests are generally regarded to be an important factor in the level of support given to EU common foreign and security policy (CFSP) formation by Member States. Keukeleire and MacNaughtan (2008) explain that Member State interests may contribute to under-supported common foreign policy either by being “divergent and incompatible” or “convergent but competitive” with each other. This paper seeks to understand to what extent Member State interests vis-à-vis China fall into one of these two categories, and to determine the theoretical implications in the sphere of European integration. The paper uses a case study methodology of China policies in the period 1997 to 2008 of two powerful Member States, Germany and France, to determine the focus of interests. It then investigates the extent to which these interests are cooperative or competitive. The paper calls largely on news reports and government documentation of official state visits of German and French executive leadership to China, as well as personal interviews with French and German experts in academia, civil society and government. The analysis suggests that French and German interests toward China focus heavily on benefit to their respective national economies—a focus which is largely competitive in nature, implying for theory that realism may still hold a place in explaining aspects of European integration, in particular failures in CFSP formation.
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Gac, Maciej. "Group litigation as an instrument of competition law enforcement : analysis based on European, French and Polish experience." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10032.

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Cartwright, James A. "An Investigation of a Highly Successful Team Environment: The Case of the Male French National Whitewater Slalom Single Canoe and Kayak Team." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19738.

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To date, most of the research on group cohesion has focused on team sports, with little known about how this body of knowledge relates to individual sports. The case of the male French whitewater slalom canoe and kayak team was chosen because of the success of the team at World Championships and Olympic Games. The purpose of the present case study was to investigate how the coaches and athletes of this highly successful team worked together in training and competition within a highly competitive environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six athletes and four coaches. Three themes, each containing numerous sub-themes, emerged from the analysis: (a) the nature of collaboration within the team environment, (b) coach leadership, and (c) the fragility of collaboration. The results of the present study have advanced our understanding of what collaboration within an individual sport team may look like. For a period of time, the leadership skills of the coaches, as well as their technical coaching expertise, and the willingness of the talented and driven athletes to work together, contributed significantly to a collaborative environment for this team. Then a change in the Olympic entry rules, the departure of an influential coach, and the inevitable change in the ages and experiences of the athletes themselves all combined to erode the foundation of that productive and collaborative environment.
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Madevu, Hilton. "Competition in the tridimensional urban fresh produce retail market : the case of the Tshwane metropolitan area, South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08212007-150102.

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Hsu, Ya-Ke. "Market interactions and competition between public and private oyster production and supplies from other states." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616701.

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Oyster production in Virginia has declined dramatically in the past ten years, causing Virginia oyster processors to rely increasingly on oyster supplies from other regions. In response to the industry problems, the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) developed and began implementing an Oyster Fishery Management Plan (OFMP) in 1985. Primarily, the plan seeks to increase Virginia oyster production from both public and leased grounds. A large increase in production could significantly affect the oyster market. There is thus a need to understand the Virginia oyster market, which derives raw material supplies primarily from public and leased-grounds production and from other states. Although the level of competition among the three sources is uncertain, it is thought to be substantial and quite important for the success of the OFMP. This study assesses the level of competition and associated sector interaction. A simultaneous equation system is specified and estimated by Full-Information-Maximum-Likelihood procedure. Estimates and a market simulation model are used to assess the impact of the OFMP on market behavior. Analyses indicate that the market for the public ground fishery consists of an elastic demand and an inelastic supply, but the market for private oyster cultivation consists of an inelastic demand and an elastic supply. The market interaction between the eastern oyster and Pacific oyster is weak. Oysters from leased grounds compete with supplies from other regions and with Pacific oysters. Market simulations indicate that the OFMP will increase total revenue for both public and private producers, suggesting that (1) the seasonal closure on commercial oyster fishery may be extended as stock size recovers, (2) increasing private production may reduce oyster supplies from other states, and (3) from the market interaction point of view, the Pacific oyster may be an alternative for private oyster planters.
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Souza, Jaime Romero de. "Posturas estratégicas e recursos competitivos para o ensino superior privado no Nordeste brasileiro frente ao cenário 2009/2015." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2009. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/81456.

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Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-08
Since the LDB in 1996, the Private Higher Education experienced a sudden expansion, presenting annual rates of growth in the number of Higher Education Institution (HEIs) of 14.8% but now is showing clear signs of deceleration. The recent increase in the number of HEIs, without a commensurable increase in the number of students, has caused a high indication of idle vacancies inside a highly competitive environment. Against this scene, the following question is asked: What are the strategic postures and the extension of the resources most likely to be used by Northeastern private HEIs against the scene prospected for the period which goes from 2009 to 2015? In answer to this question, the purpose of this research is to identify the strategic postures and the extension of the resources most likely to be used by HEIs against the prospected scene. The process of elaborating the scenario was based on the study by Porto and Régnier (2003); for the strategy model it was used the proposition by Forte (2001), with the Strategic Postures Map; and as referential of the competitive resources used by HEIs, it was identified those described in the study by Lynch and Baines (2004) based on HEIs from United Kingdom and in the study by Sousa et al. (2005), focused on Brazilian HEIs. It was used a methodology of exploratory kind and quantitative nature, performed by the application of questionnaires that were adjusted and validated by interviews and pre-tests. The data were collected during 2008/2009. 20 specialists and 19 managers participated during the development of the scene, and 83 managers from Northeastern private HEIs helped to identify the strategies and resources most likely to be used. The data were analyzed through descriptive techniques, the cluster and the factor analysis. The results show that the scene Everything For the Market is the most representative and that HEIs are in the current position of Maintenance (competition), using less radical strategies in each posture, and prioritizing those resources that don t provide much strategic advantage, such as infrastructure and facilities, which suggests an overall weak competitive power in search of growth and a higher position.
O Ensino Superior Privado, após rápida expansão vivida a partir da LDB de 1996, com taxas anuais de crescimento do número de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de até 14,8%, dá sinais claros de desaceleração. O recente aumento no número de IES, sem o proporcionalaumento no número de alunos, tem gerado alto índice de vagas ociosas num ambiente que já se configura como hipercompetitivo. Diante deste cenário, questiona-se: quais as posturas estratégicas e dimensões de recursos de utilização mais provável pelas IES particulares do Nordeste, frente ao cenário prospectado para o período de 2009 a 2015? Em resposta ao questionamento da pesquisa, definiu-se como objetivo identificar as posturas estratégicas e as dimensões de recursos de utilização mais provável, pelas IES, frente ao cenário prospectado.Para a elaboração do cenário utilizou-se como base o estudo de Porto e Régnier (2003); como modelo de estratégia a proposição de Forte (2001), com o Mapa de Posturas Estratégicas; e como referencial de recursos competitivos em IES, as dimensões descritas nos estudos de Lynch e Baines (2004), com base nas IES do Reino Unido, e de Sousa et al. (2005), com foco em IES brasileiras. A metodologia empregada foi do tipo exploratória, de natureza quantitativa, viabilizada mediante aplicação de questionários, ajustados e validados por meio de entrevistas e pré-testes. Os dados de campo foram coletados no período de 2008/2009.Participaram da elaboração do cenário 20 especialistas e 19 gestores, e na identificação das estratégias e recursos mais prováveis, 83 gestores de IES particulares da região. Na análise dos dados utilizaram-se de técnicas descritivas, análise de clusters e fatorial. Os resultados demonstram que o Cenário Tudo pelo Mercado é o mais representativo e que as IES estão na postura de Manutenção (competição), utilizando-se de estratégias menos radicais em cada postura, e priorizando recursos que não proporcionam diferencial competitivo sustentável,como infraestrutura física e fatores de conveniência, sugerindo, no geral, frágil poder de fogo em busca de crescimento e posição superior.
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Books on the topic "French Competitions"

1

Guébo, Josué. La paix par l'écriture. Abidjan, Côte d'ivoire: Vallesse Éditions, 2007.

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Corporation, Canadian Broadcasting, ed. Un ton, une voix, un texte--: Prix littéraires Radio-Canada (2001-2006). Montréal: XYZ, 2008.

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Yergeau, Robert. A tout prix: Les prix littéraires au Québec. Montréal, Québec: Triptyque, 1994.

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(Organization), Europan. Habiter la ville outre-mer: Europandom résultats Concours international d'architecture = Living in the French tropics : Europandom results : International architectural competition. Paris: Europan, 2000.

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Chaudonneret, Marie-Claude. La figure de la République: Le concours de 1848. Paris: Ministère de la culture et de la communication, Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 1987.

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Hüe, Daniel. La poésie palinodique à Rouen (1486-1550). Paris: Honoré Champion, 2002.

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Vogel, Louis. French competition law. Paris: Lawlex, 2008.

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Jons, John A. R. Studies of the French dog sport's (Ring, Campagne, IPO, Tracking) "Championships of France" (1982-1989): And, The Belgian shepherd dog breed's (Malinois, Tervuren, Groenendael and Laekenois) in Schutzhund competition in the U.S.A. (1979-1988). 2nd ed. Houston, Tex: J.A.R. Jons, 1995.

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1945-, Nouvel Jean, Portzamparc Christian de 1944-, Starck Philippe 1949-, Sanchez Marc, France. Secrétariat d'Etat aux relations culturelles internationales., Association française d'action artistique, and Biennale di Venezia (44th : 1990), eds. Jean Nouvel, Christian de Portzamparc, Philippe Starck: Du 27 mai au 30 septembre 1990, Pavillon français des Giardini, XLIVe Biennale de Venise. Paris: Association française d'action artistique, 1990.

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Hüe, Denis. La poésie palinodique à Rouen (1486-1550). Paris: Champion, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "French Competitions"

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Rossi, Luisa. "Raccontare, raccontarsi. Massimo Quaini fra biografia ed ‘egogeografia’." In Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio, 345–72. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-322-2.23.

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Intertwining biographical method and autobiography. Massimo Quaini had shown much interest in the ‘egogeography’ genre, practiced by different French geographers. The work traces back, on the basis of published and unpublished writings, some significant aspect of the intellectual personality of the Italian geographer. In particular, passages are presented in which he recalls his scientific and professional training and some letters that account for the highly critical positioning towards academic power, against the management of competitions based on personal relationships rather than on scientific merits (to the detriment of the discipline itself). Some original documents testify the interest in history and philosophy and the acceptance of historical materialism that has shaped his youth work and, more generally, founded his interpretation of geographical reality.
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Machin, Howard. "Changing Patterns of Party Competition." In Developments in French Politics, 33–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08873-7_3.

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Machin, Howard. "Changing Patterns of Party Competition." In Developments in French Politics, 33–54. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20959-0_3.

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Cousin, Michaël, Alexandre Marescaux, Lauren Mechri, and Guillaume Melot. "Sustainability and Competition Law: A French Perspective." In Sustainability Objectives in Competition and Intellectual Property Law, 73–82. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44869-0_6.

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AbstractThe word “sustainability” is absent from the legislative and regulatory provisions composing the French competition law. Therefore, it is not possible to say what this concept exactly means legally speaking.
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Salomon, Danielle. "7. Changing Performance Standards in the French Banking System." In National Capitalisms, Global Competition, and Economic Performance, 159. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aios.3.13sal.

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Cerna, Lucie. "The French State and (Silent) Labour Market Actors." In Immigration Policies and the Global Competition for Talent, 203–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57156-4_6.

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Stuyck, Jules. "Corporate Social Responsibility-Standards and the Belgian and French Perspective." In MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 225–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54005-9_16.

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Fradin, Bernard. "Competition in Derivation: What Can We Learn from French Doublets in -age and -ment?" In Competition in Inflection and Word-Formation, 67–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02550-2_3.

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Cremonini, Leon, Paul Benneworth, Hugh Dauncey, and Don F. Westerheijden. "Reconciling Republican ‘Egalité’ and Global Excellence Values in French Higher Education." In Institutionalization of World-Class University in Global Competition, 99–123. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4975-7_7.

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Hancké, Bob, and Steven Casper. "8. Reproducing Diversity: ISO 9000 and Work Organisation in the French and German Car Industry." In National Capitalisms, Global Competition, and Economic Performance, 173. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aios.3.14han.

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Conference papers on the topic "French Competitions"

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TUĞLUK, Mehmet Emin. "A COMPETITION TO FIND AN EQUAL TO THE TWELVE FOREIGN WORDS ORGANIZED BY THE ŞEHBÂL MAGAZINE (1909-1914)." In 3. International Congress of Language and Literature. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lan.con3-4.

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One of the important magazines of the Second Constitutional period was the magazine Şehbâl, which was published between 14 March 1909 and 14 July 1914. Political events and comments in Şehbâl magazine; culture, literature, music; painting, sculpture, architecture; health,sport; inventions and inventions, discoveries, accounting, humor, fashion, make-up, embroidery, housework; articles on many subjects such as information about new publications and selections from English, French, German and American magazines have been published. Another important feature of Şehbâl magazine is that it organizes competitions on various subjects. One of these competitions organized by the Magazine is The Competition to Find an Equal to The Twelve Foreign Words In this competition, it was requested to find the equivalents of the words bibliographie, boycottage, caprice, caricature, clup, conference, concert, decor, monologue, paradoxe, surprise, taximetre. Various words were suggested to this competition by 517 people. However, none of the suggested words are used in standard Turkey Turkish instead of the desired word. However, this competition is important in terms of showing the influence of foreign languages on Turkish and the awareness and resistance shown against this influence. Key words: Şehbâl Magazine, Competition, Second Constitutional, Foreign Languages, Turkish Equivalent.
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AVORNICЕSĂ, Natalia. "Project-based learning as a strategy of developing literary skills." In Probleme ale ştiinţelor socioumanistice şi ale modernizării învăţământului. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.v3.25-03-2022.p160-165.

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The project-base learning is a basic method in the context of education sciences and language teaching. However, there are aspects that are not valued in certain pedagogical contexts. This article aims to elucidate the teaching approaches of the project-based learning in the study of French literature by students, future teachers of French as a foreign language. Thus, among the many examples of projects that could determine the development of literary competence are the elaboration of a literary anthology, the creation of a blog, the writing of a collection of quotations for a certain period studied in literature, the elaboration of a dictionary with literary terms specific to a certain century, participation at literary competitions, etc.
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Fat, Silvia. "LIFELONG LEARNING OF TEACHERS AND ICT IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-168.

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The article presents the key activities of a recent educational project (Lifelong learning of teachers of Romanian, English and French, in the knowledge society, POSDRU ID 87/1.3/S 62536), based on a teacher training program with ICT support. This project is implemented by Braila County School in partnership with the University of Bucharest, SIVECO Romania and TEHNE - The Center for Development and Innovation in Education, sustained in January 2011 - December 2013. Out of the 5000 teachers included in the target group were trained, using a form of applied curriculum, exchange experience and on-line collaboration. The aim of this paper is to describe an interesting link between the training curriculum and e-learning platform. We illustrate the results of the two training modules available on the project platform (Curriculum design and Differential education), both in interactive and text forms. The courses offered new curriculum design, implementation and assessment competences, adapting to pupils' features and current trends in (native and foreign) language teaching; new competences to develop learning experienced based on differentiated teaching, using interactive teaching-learning methods; develop capacities to interrelate within the professional community. We will present some evaluation results of the final report, including the impact of technology in teacher training. In this sense, the portal dedicated to teachers of Romanian, English, and French was appreciated as an efficient tool for professional communication. In synthesis, the project offered teachers new opportunities to develop a teaching career, through the certified training program and modern digital resources. In order to understand Mastery learning teaching models, this paper include a number of concrete examples of the lesson plans launched trough the national competitions, and presented during the two National Conferences.
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Quintella, Ivvy Pedrosa Cavalcante Pessôa. "A concepção da forma urbana na escola francesa de urbanismo: rupturas e continuidades." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6252.

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Até recentemente, a historiografia do urbanismo dedicada ao século XX privilegiou seu enfoque no relato do modernismo funcionalista propagado pelos C.I.A.M. Obscureceu-se a contribuição da “Escola francesa de urbanismo”, malgrado sua posição de destaque na constituição do campo disciplinar. Essa escola irá perpetuar a maior parte dos princípios compositivos da arte urbana, mas diante de novos desafios: conjugálos às demandas da modernidade e à cientificidade disciplinar. Este estudo propõe-se a observar as estratégias de concepção da forma nos planos urbanísticos dessa escola, buscando identificar as rupturas e continuidades com a tradição. Na presente comunicação, buscou-se discutir o salto que marcou a projeção dos atores da Escola Francesa para além da École des Beaux-arts, consolidando-os como urbanistas de renome internacional. Foram apresentados e discutidos os três projetos que inauguraram o sucesso dessa escola em concursos internacionais de urbanismo: Barcelona, por Léon Jaussey; Anvers, por Henri Prost; Camberra, por Alfred Agache. Until recently, the history of urbanism devoted to the nineteenth century focused on functionalist modernism propagated by C.I.A.M. These contributions darkened the "French school of urban planning", despite its prominent position in the constitution of the disciplinary field. This school will perpetuate most of the compositional principles of urban art, but facing new challenges: conjugating them to the demands of modernity and disciplinary scientific. This study aims to observe the design strategies on the urban plans of this school, seeking to identify the ruptures and continuities with the tradition. In this communication, we attempted to discuss the moment that marked the projection of the actors of the French School in addition to the École des Beaux Arts, consolidating them as internationally renowned urban planners. They were presented and discussed three projects that inaugurated the success of this school in international urban planning competitions: Barcelona, by Léon Jaussey; Anvers, by Henri Prost; Canberra by Alfred Agache.
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Grosicki, Emmanuele, and Haikal El-Abed. "ICDAR 2011 - French Handwriting Recognition Competition." In 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2011.290.

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Agostinho Da Silva, Ninoh, Tunde Oluwaseyi Ajayi, Alexander Antonov, Panga Azazia Kamate, Moussa Coulibaly, Mason Del Rio, Yacouba Diarra, et al. "Findings from the Bambara - French Machine Translation Competition (BFMT 2023)." In Proceedings of the The Sixth Workshop on Technologies for Machine Translation of Low-Resource Languages (LoResMT 2023). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.loresmt-1.9.

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Menasri, Farès, Jérôme Louradour, Anne-Laure Bianne-Bernard, and Christopher Kermorvant. "The A2iA French handwriting recognition system at the Rimes-ICDAR2011 competition." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Christian Viard-Gaudin and Richard Zanibbi. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.911981.

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Simonet, Daniel. "MARKET REFORMS IN THE FRENCH HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: BETWEEN REGULATION AND YARDSTICK COMPETITION." In 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.048.049.

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Fougeron, Cécile, J. P. Goldman, and U. H. Frauenfelder. "Liaison and schwa deletion in French: an effect of lexical frequency and competition?" In 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2001). ISCA: ISCA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2001-168.

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Neagu, Adrian, and Gérard Bailly. "Cooperation and competition of burst and formant transitions for the perception and identification of French stops." In 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1998). ISCA: ISCA, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-444.

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Reports on the topic "French Competitions"

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Quick, Katherine. The French Economy: An Examination of Competition and Regulation. Portland State University Library, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.124.

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Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel. Surviving Competition: Neighborhood Shops vs. Convenience Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005065.

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Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper studies how one of the world's most prevalent microenterprises, neighborhood shops, confront competition from convenience chains (e.g., 7-Eleven) in Mexico. To address the endogeneity in time and location of chain store openings, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that, at the neighborhood level, shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops. An expansion from zero to the average number of chain stores in a neighborhood reduces the number of shops by 15%. This reduction is not driven by increased shop exits but by decreased shop entries. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less often and spend less on non-fresh and packed goods. The evidence suggests that shops survive by exploiting comparative advantages stemming from being small and owner-operated, such as lower agency costs, relationships with the community, broader and tailored product mix, and informal credit. The welfare gains of convenience chains replacing shops are increasing in household income.
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Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel. Preliminary Evidence of Surviving Competition: Neighborhood Shops vs. Convenience Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004453.

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Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper studies how one of the worlds most prevalent microenterprises, neighborhood shops, confront competition from convenience chains (e.g., 7-Eleven) in Mexico. To address the endogeneity in time and location of chains store openings, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that, at the neighborhood level, shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops. An expansion from zero to the average number of chain stores in a neighborhood reduces the number of shops by 16%. Consistent with the theoretical framework, this reduction is not driven by an increase in shop exit but by a decrease in shop entry. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less often and spend less on non-fresh and packed goods. I present evidence consistent with shops surviving by exploiting comparative advantages stemming from being small and owner-operated, such as lower agency costs, building relationships with the community, and offering informal credit.
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Just, David, and Amir Heiman. Building local brand for fresh fruits and vegetables: A strategic approach aimed at strengthening the local agricultural sector. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600039.bard.

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Abstract The debate about whether to reduce import barriers on fresh produce in order to decrease the cost of living and increase welfare or to continue protecting the local agricultural sector by imposing import duties on fresh vegetables and fruits has been part of the Israeli and the US political dialog. The alternative of building a strong local brand that will direct patriotic feelings to support of the agricultural sector has been previously discussed in the literature as a non-tax barrier to global competition. The motivation of consumers to pay more for local fresh fruits and vegetables are better quality, environmental concerns, altruism, and ethnocentrism. Local patriotic feelings are expected to be stronger among national-religious consumers and weaker among secular left wing voters. This project empirically analyzes consumers’ attitude toward local agricultural production, perceptions of the contribution of the agricultural sector to society and how these perceptions interact with patriotic beliefs and socio-political variables perhaps producing an ethnocentric preference for fruits and vegetables. This patriotic feeling may be contrasted with feelings toward rival (or even politically opposing) countries competing in the same markets. Thus geo-political landscape may help shape the consumer’s preferences and willingness to purchase particular products. Our empirical analysis is based on two surveys, one conducted among Israeli shoppers and one conducted among US households. We find strong influences of nationalism, patriotism and ethnocentrism on demand for produce in both samples. In the case of Israel this manifests itself as a significant discount demanded for countries in conflict with Israel (e.g., Syria or Palestine), with the discount demanded being related to the strength of the conflict. Moreover, the effect is larger for those who are either more religious, or those who identify with right leaning political parties. The results from the US are strikingly similar. For some countries the perception of conflict is dependent on political views (e.g., Mexico), while for others there is a more agreement (e.g., Russia). Despite a substantially different religious and political landscape, both right leaning political views and religiosity play strong roles in demand for foreign produce.
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Saavedra-Rivano, Neantro, Manuel R. Agosin, and Pablo Rodas Martini. El surgimiento de China: Una visión desde América Central. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009758.

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Este estudio trata sobre el impacto del surgimiento de China en las economías centroamericanas, con especial énfasis en Guatemala y Honduras. Generalmente, la temática del impacto de China se la enfoca desde el punto de vista de las amenazas que se ciernen sobre las economías de América Central sin reparar que también el rápido crecimiento y la gran apertura de la economía china presentan nuevas potencialidades que pueden ser aprovechadas por los países de la región. Este estudio presenta análisis y recomendaciones para afianzar las ventajas competitivas que ya han desarrollado los países de centroamericanos, particularmente en el sector vestuario-textil, y otras que se vislumbran como posibles, de frente a los desafíos que enfrentan por parte de la fuerte competitividad de las industrias chinas. Pero también aborda cómo aprovechar las nuevas oportunidades que ofrece el mercado chino para las exportaciones de bienes y de servicios turísticos de la región, así como también las políticas que se necesitan para comenzar a atraer inversión directa desde ese país.
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Torres Silva, Sandy Sindney, Heydy Yohana Tamayo Solorzano, Pablo Andrés Mendoza Sánchez, and Julián Felipe Rodríguez Torres. Habilidades y cualidades más distintivas según el modelo de liderazgo de los cuatros marcos, identificadas en los directivos de las instituciones de educación media en la ciudad de Ibagué. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.6944.

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La presente investigación se ha enfocado en identificar el modelo de liderazgo aplicado actualmente por los administradores de las Instituciones de Educación Media de la ciudad de Ibagué, mediante el desarrollo de un diagnóstico para el cual se realizó un levantamiento y procesamiento de información a través de la aplicación del cuestionario diseñado por el profesor Lee G. Bolman. Este diagnóstico permitió determinar las cualidades y habilidades más destacadas de acuerdo al modelo de los estilos de liderazgo de los rectores y/o coordinadores académicos de las instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Ibagué. Esta investigación se desarrolla mediante el enfoque de investigación cuantitativa de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, con la aplicación del instrumento de recolección (Cuestionario). Los resultados de esta investigación, son el insumo principal para el desarrollo de una investigación proyecto PIE titulada “Estilos de liderazgo en instituciones de educación media en la ciudad de Ibagué, una mirada desde el modelo de los 4 marcos” debido a que permite analizar variables sociodemográficas en relación con los estilos de liderazgo de los cuatros marcos (liderazgo estructural, liderazgo de Recurso humano, liderazgo simbólico y liderazgo político); de igual manera contribuye a identificar los factores más predominantes frente al liderazgo que ejercen los rectores y coordinadores de los colegios de la ciudad de Ibagué, según el modelo de Bolman; este es el punto de partida para continuar con una segunda parte de la investigación y establecer estrategias que permitan fortalecer esas competencias de liderazgo y hacer de sus organizaciones competitivas y sostenibles. Es de resaltar, que la misma aporta al desarrollo de personas con características esenciales de liderazgo, que se requieren en la gestión del personal para establecer propuestas que permitan fortalecer el liderazgo como estrategia de crecimiento empresarial.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.

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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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