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1
Taylor, Sarah A. M. "The role of the French north colonies : 1940-1942 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art246.pdf.
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Biles, Annabel, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Envisioning Indochina: the spatial and social ordering and imagining of a French colony." Deakin University, 1997. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.113440.
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The emergence of Indochina in the French imagination was articulated in both representational and institutional modes. Representation involves the transmission of colonial ideals through more obtuse means; that is, through literary texts, travelogues, exhibitions, film and advertising. However, these textual sites feed from and invest in a material situation, which was the institutional arm of colonialism. Indochina was institutionally articulated in cartographic maps and surveys, in the new social spaces of cities and towns, in architectural and technological forms, through social technologies of discipline and welfare and in cultural and religious organisations. The aim of this thesis is to analyse, across a number of textual sites, the representation and institutionalisation of Otherness through the politics of space in the French colony of Indochina, Indochine in this sense becomes a spatial discourse. The French constructed a mental and physical space for Indochina by blanketing and suffocating the original cultural landscape, which in fact had to be ignored for this process to occur. What actually became manifest as a result of this projection stemmed from the French imagination.
Just as the French manipulated space, language also underwent the same process of reduction. The Vietnamese script was latinised to make it more 'useable' and accessible. Through christening the union of Indochina; initiating a comprehensive writing reform; and renaming the streets in the colonial cities, the French used language us another tool for 'making transparent'. Furthermore, the colonial powers established a communication and transport network throughout the colony in an attempt to materialise their fictive (artificial) vision of a unified French Indochinese space. The accessibility and design of these different modes of transport reflected the gendered, racial and class divisions inherent in the colonial establishment.
At the heart of representing and institutionalising Indochina was the desire to control and contain. This characterised French imperial ordering of space in the city and the rural areas. In rural areas land was divided into small parcels and alienated to individuals or worked into precise grids for the rubber plantation. In urban centres the native quarter was clearly demarcated from the European quarter which functioned as its modern, progressive Other. The rationale behind this segregation was premised on European, nineteenth century discourses of race, class, gender and hygiene. Influenced by Darwinian and neo-Lamarkian theories of race, this biological discourse identified the 'working class', 'women' and 'the native' as not only biologically but also culturally inferior. They were perceived as a potential, degenerative threat to the biological, cultural and industrial development of the nation. In the colonial context, space was thus ordered and domesticated to control the native population. Coextensively, the literature which springs from such a structure will be tainted by the same ideas, and thus the spaces it formulates within the readers mind feed on and reinforce this foundation.
Examples of gender and indigenous narratives which contest this imaginative, transparent topography are analysed throughout this thesis. They provide instances of struggle and resistance which undermine the ideal/stereotypical level of architectural and planned space and delineate an alternative insight into colonial spatial and social relations. The fictional accounts of European women and indigenous writers both challenge and reaffirm the fixity of some of these idealised colonial boundaries.
In various literary, historical, political, architectural and cinematic discourses Indochina has been und continues to be depicted as a modern city and exotic Utopia. Informed by the mood of nostalgia, exotic images of Indochina have resurfaced in contemporary French culture. France's continued desire to create, control and maintain an Indochinese space in the French public imagination reinforces the multi-layered, interconnected and persistent nature of colonial discourse.
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Maderspacher, Alois. "European colonialism in sub-Saharan Africa : the Germans, French, and British in Cameroon, 1884-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609449.
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White, Brook. "ANOTHER FORGOTTEN ARMY: THE FRENCH EXPEDITIONARY CORPS IN ITALY,1943-1944." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2595.
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The French Expeditionary Corps that fought in Italy during World War II was a French army, but that description must be qualified. Therefore this thesis asks two questions: how did France manage to send the equivalent of an army to Italy if French military leadership in 1943 had no direct access to French manpower resources; and the most important question since it is unique to the historical debate, why were the troops that were sent to Italy so effective once there when compared to the 1940 French army? To answer the first question, it was a French colonial army – soldiers mainly from Africa – that enabled France to send an army to Italy. The second question was not so easily addressed and is actually composed of two parts: current scholarship finds that at the tactical level French troops of 1940 no less capable than the troops in Italy, but more importantly it was the French military leadership's willingness to expend the lives of their colonial solders with little regard that allowed the French Expeditionary Corps to allow the United States Fifth Army to enter Rome just days before the Allied invasion of Normandy. And in order to understand why the French military was willing to expend the lives of its African soldiers, this thesis also had to examine the French colonial system dating to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Finally, this paper explores the different components of leadership that each army, which were African (primarily from North Africa and French West Africa) and metropolitan (mostly from European France), used to lead and direct their men. Thus, this study is more than just a pure military history. It is also a cultural and social history of France in relation to its colonies.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
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Salopek, Marijan. "The management of empire : the formative years of the French Ministry of Colonies, 1894-1914." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272353.
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Sèbe, Berny. "Celebrating British and French imperialism : the making of colonial heroes acting in Africa, 1870-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670137.
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This thesis investigates the ways in which British and French imperial heroes involved in the exploration, conquest or administration of Mrica between 1870 and 1939 were selected, packaged and promoted to the various sections of the public of their respective countries. It seeks to unveil the commercial, political and personal interests that lay behind the imperial hero-making business. This research analyses the hidden mechanisms, as well as the reasons that led to the appearance of a new type of hero in the context of the 'new' T Imperialism and the 'Scramble for Mrica': private connections, political lobbies (especially colonial advocates and nationalists), commercial interests (journalists, writers, biographers, hagiographers, publishers, film-makers) and personal ambition, the combination of which underpinned the creation and success ofheroic reputations. The first part of the thesis investigates the process through which imperial heroes progressively became widely known in their homelands, and how it was facilitated by the technical and social improvements of the Second Industrial Revolution. Drawing upon a wide variety of printed and manuscript sources, it shows the ever-increasing commercial success of imperial heroes throughout the period, analyses how they could serve political ends, and explains the values for which 'they were held up as examples. The second part examines the case studies of two military commanders in times of Anglo-French rivalry in Africa (the Sirdar Kitchener and Major Marchand before, during and after the Fashoda confrontation of 1898), in order to compare the modalities of the development of these legends, and the different backdrops against which they took shape. This thesis is the first to combine quantitative evidence (such as print run figures) and qualitative sources (such as police records) to demonstrate conclusively the prevalence and complexity of the hero-making process brought about by the conquest of Mrica, and to evaluate the reception of these heroic myths among the public.
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Schulman, Gwendolyn. "Colonial education for African girls in Afrique occidentale française : a project for gender reconstruction, 1819-1960." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56913.
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This thesis is a survey of the development of religious and secular colonial education for African girls and women in Afrique Occidentale Francaise, from 1819 to 1960. The historiography of colonial education in AOF has dismissed the education of African girls and women as they were numerically too insignificant to merit any special attention.This study argues that an examination of educational objectives, institutions and curricula provides a rare and valuable window on French colonial discourse on African women. It was a discourse fed by sexism and ethnocentrism, that ultimately intended to refashion women's gender identities and roles to approximate those prescribed by the French ideology of domesticity.
The system took the form of a number of domestic sciences training centres that aimed to change the very social definition of what constituted an African woman--to remake her according to the Euro-Christian, patriarchal ideal of mother, wife and housekeeper. Colonial educators argued that such a woman, especially in her role as mother, was the best conduit for the propagation of French mores, practices, and most importantly, submission to French hegemony.
The final decades of formal colonial rule in AOF saw the emergence of a small African male bourgeoisie. Members of this class, called "assimiles", accepted to varying degrees French language, lifestyle and values. This study further examines how many of them embraced the ideology of domesticity and became active in the debate on African women's education and the need to control and transform their gender identities.
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Thamar, Maurice. "Les peines coloniales et l'expérience guyanaise." Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe) : Ibis rouge éd, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37089259c.
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Masey, Rachael. "Living French colonial theory : an examination of France's complex relationship with Islam in its African colonies as viewed through the lives of Octave Houdas and Xavier Coppolani." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14318.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94).In current scholarship, the colonial period within Africa has long been defined as a controversial era, almost encapsulating the entirety of Occidental hubris in one distinct age of time. By and large, the European powers invaded foreign lands, claimed them as their own by right of superior cultural standing, attempted to spread their way of life, and manipulated both the occupied territories and their inhabitants for their own economic, cultural, and spiritual gain. Such incursions were morally justified by the Oriental paradigm, which broadly claimed that European cultural and intellectual superiority gave the cultural Occident the authority to control, speak for, and know the entirety of the Oriental world. As a colonial power, France brought its own unique perspective to the pursuit of colonial might in the form of the concept of the mission civilisatrice and the legacy of the French Revolution. Within the auspices of the larger Orientalist paradigm which guided the second colonial empire, France imposed its civilizing mission on the largely Muslim North and West African colonies. These occupied lands posed a special threat to French hegemony because they shared a common monotheistic religion which could not be easily dismissed on the basis of Orientalist logic and could potentially pose a very real threat to French control. Thus, French policy toward Islam was unceasingly suspicious of Islam ' evolving in its understanding of the religion and Muslim African culture but always with an eye to the practical aspects of administrating and controlling an Islamic colony. This paper utilizes the larger complexities surrounding the French relationship with Islam as the basis for an examination of the lives of two colonial figures, Octave Houdas and Xavier Coppolani. Both men were prominent Islamists with career trajectories deeply steeped within Orientalist rhetoric in the late nineteenth-century and with strong ties to Algeria. However, a detailed and comprehensive accounting of the significance of their contributions and how they each advanced the Orientalist perspective has not yet been a focus of scholarly historical inquiry. Octave Houdas functioned within the realm of scholarly study ' educating a new generation of Orientalists at institutions in both Algeria and France and translating documents relative to the Islamic histories of North and West Africa. In contrast, Xavier Coppolani worked as a self-styled Islamists for the French colonial government, exploring and writing strategic treatises on how the pre-existing Muslim culture could be best employed to French gain. During their respective lifetimes both men played a critical role in the evolving French conceptions of Islam yet have had their lives and works essentialized and undervalued by modern historical study. By employing a wide variety of their works, spanning from French archival material to government reports to textbooks, this paper will address both their individual contributions to Franco Islamic relations and the larger roles they, as the Orientalist scholar and administrator, respectively, played in the perpetuation of the Orientalist paradigm. Many documents represented primary sources which were in French and were reviewed at locations in France.
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Sameland, Carl. "“Would you like a side of democracy with that imperialism?” : Mill’s arguments applied to the colonies of the Gold Coast and Senegal." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100348.
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In this disciplined configurative case-study the effects of imperialistic rule on the democratization of the colonies Ghana (Gold Coast) and Senegal during their colonization. The positive effects of imperialism will be represented by the liberal thinker J.S. Mill. To measure the positive outcome have this study created a model of analysis in which the operationalization of Mill’s arguments will be represented. The indicators will be applied to the history of Senegal and Ghana, from acquisition of the territory to their independence. What this study found was that both Senegal and Ghana had experienced a democratization process, but with the Ghahanian democratization being more inclusive and more encompassing. This was due to the British allowing self-governance while the French only allowed democracy in the Four Communes.
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Forestier, Anna. "Défendre son territoire. Milices et sociétés coloniales dans l’empire français (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL057.
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La milice, dans l’ensemble de l’empire français, s’érige comme une institution coloniale originale, s’éloignant de ces modèles métropolitains, tout en demeurant sous l’influence du pouvoir souverain. Des premiers rassemblements d’hommes armés à une institution fortement ancrée, la milice s’uniformise progressivement dès la fin du XVIIe siècle. Pourtant des résistances locales au pouvoir unificateur s’enracinent dans des contextes particuliers notamment dans la constitution des sociétés. D’une institution militaire, en particulier dans les premiers temps de la colonisation, elle élargit ses fonctions, et apparaît à la fin de l’Ancien Régime comme une auxiliaire de la défense, mais surtout comme un acteur central dans la sûreté intérieure, la police des habitants ainsi que des esclaves dans le cadre du quartier. Une large part de la société masculine des colonies sert dans les milices coloniales. Tous les hommes de quinze à cinquante-cinq ans sont soumis à ce service même si quelques exempts évitent ce service, notamment les officiers de justice, favorisant ainsi une délimitation plus nette entre les deux institutions durant le XVIIIe siècle. Les officiers de milice, choisis parmi l’élite locale, constituent un échelon central des sociétés coloniales. Le service des milices s’organise essentiellement autour des revues, exercices et gardes dont les fréquences, très irrégulières, s’espacent au cours de la période. Le poids du service bascule alors sur d’autres groupes par l’intégration et la militarisation des libres de couleur ainsi que des esclaves à la fin de l’Ancien RégimeThe militia, throughout the French empire, emerged as a new colonial institution, moving away from these metropolitan models, but under the influence of sovereign power. From the first gatherings of armed men to a strongly established institution, the militia gradually became uniform from the end of the 17th century; although local resistance to unifying power is rooted in particular contexts, notably in the constitution of societies. From a military institution, especially in the early days of colonisation, it broadened its functions, and appeared at the end of the Ancien Régime as an auxiliary to defence, but above all as a central player in internal security, policing the inhabitants as well as the slaves in the quartiers. A large proportion of colonial male society served in colonial militias. All men between the ages of fifteen and fifty-five were subject to this service. A few exempt men avoided service as officers of the law, thus creating a clearer demarcation between the two institutions during the 18th century. Militia officers, chosen from the local elite, constituted a central level of colonial society. The militia service was mainly organized around reviews, exercises and guards, the frequency of which was very irregular and became less frequent over time. The burden of the service then shifted to other groups through the integration and militarisation of free people of colour and slaves at the end of the Ancien Régime
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Chipman, John. "France as an African power : history of an idea, and its post colonial practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670330.
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Laidani, Amar. "Le droit coutumier kabyle pendant la colonisation française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD035.
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Notre thèse a comme sujet l’analyse des phénomènes de la codification et la réforme des coutumes kabyles qui ont eu lieu pendant la colonisation française.La « codification » et la « réforme » sont deux éléments clés du droit colonial du Second Empire colonial français. Le droit coutumier kabyle a été le résultat d’une codification des coutumes kabyles qui a été menée par un militaire, Adolphe Hanoteau, et un magistrat, Aristide Letourneux. Cette codification a pris la forme d’un ouvrage en trois volumes, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Ce droit coutumier a été officiellement reconnu par la législation coloniale française par le biais de l’article 2 du décret du 29 août 1874. Cette reconnaissance officielle des coutumes kabyles a eu comme effet la création d’un statut juridique particulier de droit privé, celui de l’indigène musulman régi par le droit coutumier kabyle.Les coutumes kabyles codifiées par le régime militaire ont été par la suite réformées par le régime civil. La première coutume à avoir été réformée a été celle de la chefaa (retrait successoral), suivie par la tutelle des mineurs kabyles par le biais du décret de 01 juin 1902 et par les coutumes kabyles en matière de matière de divorce et droit successoraux des femmes kabyles à travers les décrets du 2 et du 19 mai 1931.Notre thèse s’articule autour de deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous avons décrit les raisons qui ont été à l’origine de la codification des coutumes kabyles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la politique menée par les Bureaux Arabes en Kabylie et sur la manière dont les coutumes kabyles ont été rédigées dans l’ouvrage d’Hanoteau et Letourneux, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous nous sommes penchés sur la période du régime civil (1871-1931) et sur la jurisprudence ainsi que sur la législation qui ont réformé les coutumes kabyles en matière de chefaa, de tutelle des mineurs et de statut des femmes.Un chapitre final est dédié à l’analyse de l’héritage postcolonial du droit colonial français appliqué en Algérie au sein du droit algérien durant les années 1962-1975 ainsi qu’au sein de l’actuel droit français d’Outre-mer à Mayotte et en Nouvelle-CalédonieThe main topic of our dissertation is the analysis of the phenomena of the codification and the reform of the Kabyle customary law which took place during the French colonial era.The codification and the reform are two keywords of the colonial law history of the french Second Colonial Empire. Kabyle’s customary law (droit coutumier) was the result of the codification of Kabyle’s customs that was made by a soldier, Adolphe Hanoteau and a judge, Aristide Letourneux. The result of this codification was a treatise of three volumes entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. This customary law was officially recognized by the french colonial legislation by means of Article 2 od the Decree of August 29, 1874. This official recognition of Kabyle customs creates a special legal status, the Muslim indigenous ruled by Kabyle’s customary law. The Kabyle’s customs codified by the military were subsequently reformed by the civil regime. The first customs that have been reformed was the chefaa, followed by the guardianship of the Kabyle minors through the decree of the 01 June 1902 and the Kabyle’s customs in matters of divorce and inheritance rights of Kabyle women though the decrees of May 2nd and 19th, 1931.Our thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we have described the reason of the codification of Kabyle’s customs. We focused on the policy of the Arab Bureaux in Kabylia and the way in which the kabyle customs were written in the work of Hanoteau an Letourneux, entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles.In the second part of the thesis, we focused on the period of the civil regime (1871-1931) and the case law as well as the legislation that reformed the Kabyle’s customs regarding chefaa, guardianship of minors and the status of women. A final chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the postcolonial heritage of the French colonial legislation in the Algerian legal system during the years 1962-1975, as well as in the current French overseas law in Mayotte and in New Caledonia
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Brunet-La, Ruche Bénédicte. ""Crime et châtiment aux colonies" : poursuivre, juger, sanctionner au Dahomey de 1894 à 1945." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979289.
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Saisir le projet pénal colonial et le dérouler dans sa mise en œuvre, depuis l'acte criminel ou délictuel jusqu'à la sanction, en passant par la poursuite et le jugement, tel est l'objet de cette recherche menée dans un territoire de l'Afrique occidentale française entre 1894 et 1945, le Dahomey. Le principe de séparation entre citoyen européen et sujet indigène sur lequel se construit le mécanisme judiciaire s'étend à tout le parcours pénal suivi par les Dahoméens, avec la perception d'une criminalité proprement indigène ou l'exécution différenciée de la sanction selon le statut du condamné. Mais ce processus répressif ségrégué reste peu réfléchi dans sa continuité. Alors que la justice indigène est de plus en plus investie par le gouvernement colonial, les extrémités de la chaîne pénale sont peu pensées en termes d'intégration à la société civile. Les polices et les prisons restent au service d'un ordre politique et économique évolutif. La police judiciaire et le fonctionnement carcéral sont donc largement laissés entre les mains des chefs locaux et des auxiliaires africains, ce qui conduit à aménager le régime répressif dans un système de " domination sans hégémonie ". La colonne vertébrale de ce système, la justice indigène, est quant à elle au cœur des critiques contre l'ordre colonial, mais elle est aussi le lieu où se renégocient les rapports de pouvoir et où s'exposent les conflits sociaux en situation coloniale. Le parcours pénal suivi par les Dahoméens au cours de la première partie du XXe siècle apparaît comme un reflet déformé, et même transformé d'un projet répressif dominé par le souci de maintien de l'ordre mais relativement informe.
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Mathé, Jean-Gérard. "L'imaginaire français dans la littérature coloniale de la Tunisie (1881-1956)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30030.
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L’imaginaire des français ayant émigré en Tunisie au cours de la période coloniale dite du Protectorat fut particulièrement riche ; en attestent les témoignages des nombreux auteurs qui se sont essayés à le traduire sur le papier. La présente thèse se propose de mettre à l’étude l’ère coloniale de la Tunisie d’un point de vue littéraire, via une approche systémique des textes et du regard posé par les auteurs sur un exil consenti dans la Tunisie française. Un exil, mais aussi un retour en Métropole, pour nombre d’entre eux, qui vécurent la fin du Protectorat et la difficulté d’un nouvel exil dans un pays qui était leur sans l’être tout à fait. Le choix analytique s’est porté sur une étude imagologique de la question, qui envisagera la notion complexe d’imaginaire du point de vue de la mythanalyse, avant d’en vérifier les composantes, appliquées à la thématique de la Tunisie coloniale. A ce sujet, la littérature apparaît comme l’objet d’étude idéal pour mettre en exergue la richesse de l’imaginaire des français de Tunisie, à travers la grande diversité des types de supports : mémoires, témoignages,romans, documents personnels, documents photographiques, etc. Enfin, l’expérience personnelle de l’auteur de cette thèse dans le contexte du Protectorat français en Tunisie permettra d’envisager la question entre objectivité analytique et analyse subjectivéeThe imaginary of the French people who emigrated in Tunisia during the colonial period called the French protectorate was particularly rich as indicated by the myriad of testimonies from many authors who dabbled in writing it down on paper. This thesis seeks to study the Tunisian colonial era from a literary perspective through a systematic approach of the texts and the vision of the authors on the assented exile of French Tunisia. An exile, but also a return to the main land. For many of them who lived the end of the French protectorate, the difficulty was to move to a country which was their own, but not entirely. The choice of the analytical method relies on an imagology study of this matter which will assess the complex notion of imaginary from the myth-analysis point of view. Then the different components will be verified and applied to the context of colonial Tunisia. Regarding the latter topic, literature seems to be the ideal approach to study and highlight the richness of the imaginary of the French Tunisians through the great diversity of texts available : memoirs, testimonies, novels, personal documents, photographes, etc. Finally, the personal experience of the author in the context of the French protectorate in Tunisia will allow to consider the topic via analytical objectivity and a subjective analysis
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Tomadini, Noémie. "Hommes et animaux dans les colonies françaises des petites Antilles du XVIIe siècle à la fin du XIXe siècle : changements, résiliences et adaptations mutuelles." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0020.
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Les efforts récents portés sur l’archéologie des périodes historiques dans la Caraïbe permettent de se pencher sur la vie quotidienne des colons européens et des populations serviles dans les Petites Antilles françaises. Les vestiges fauniques apportent un éclairage complémentaire aux données textuelles pour documenter l’adaptation de ces nouveaux arrivants à un environnement insulaire qui leur était inconnu. L’étude archéozoologique a porté sur un ensemble de 27 sites de Guadeloupe, Martinique et Saint-Martin, couvrant la période de la colonisation européenne (première moitié du XVIIe siècle) aux temps qui ont suivi l’abolition de l’esclavage. Treize habitations, douze sites urbains, un atelier production de chaux et une épave de goélette ont livré un corpus de 18 101 restes identifiés, qui témoignent de l’exploitation de 176 espèces de vertébrés et d’invertébrés. Les espèces importées, en particulier le boeuf, les caprinés (mouton et chèvre) et le cochon, indiquent que les colons ont apporté avec eux les pratiques européennes. Néanmoins, la présence de 53 espèces de poissons et de 90 espèces d’invertébrés marins indiquent que les populations coloniales ont rapidement su exploiter la richesse de leur nouvel environnement. La faible présence de la morue dans les assembles a été remarqué, contrastant avec l’importance de ce taxon suggérée par les sources historiquesRecent efforts in the archeology of historical periods in the Caribbean allow investigating the daily life of European settlers and servile populations in the French Lesser Antilles. Faunal remains provide an additional insight to textual data to document the adaptation of these newcomers to an insular environment that was unknown to them. The archaeozoological study focused on a set of 27 sites in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint-Martin, covering the period of European colonization (first half of the 17th century) to the times that followed the abolition of slavery. Thirteen habitations, twelve urban sites, a lime production workshop and a schooner wreckage yielded a corpus of 18,101 identified remains, which testify to the exploitation of 176 species of vertebrates and invertebrates. Imported species, especially beef, caprines (sheep and goat) and pig, indicate that settlers brought with them European practices. Nevertheless, the presence of 53 species of fish and 90 species of marine invertebrates indicates that colonial populations have been able to exploit the richness of their new environment. The low presence of cod in the assemblages was noted, contrasting with the importance of this taxon suggested by historical sources
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Davis, Cathrine. "Threads across the Atlantic : tracing the European origins of eighteenth-century imported cloth in New France using lead seal evidence from three French colonial sites." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33007.
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Les sceaux de plomb sont des artefacts relativement inconnus mais très importants comme sources d’information sur les textiles et leur consommation aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Ces étiquettes en plomb souvent attachées aux textiles ont servi comme indicateurs de qualité, de possession et de paiement des impôts sur ces textiles et autres biens commerciaux. Trouvés sur plusieurs sites archéologiques en Amérique du Nord, ces sceaux sont des indicateurs des origines éuropéennes des textiles ainsi que des réseaux marchands nécessaires pour les transporter vers la Nouvelle-France, un espace colonial fort dépendant de la métropole. Cette étude vise à découvrir de nouveaux détails sur les formes de consommation textile uniques de trois sites différents par leur localisation, leurs fonctions et leur population en utilisant les sceaux de plomb qui s’y trouvent. Les sceaux de trois sites français de l’époque coloniale seront examinés; le fort Saint-Joseph (Niles, MI), fort Ticonderoga (à Ticonderoga, NY, aussi connu sur le nom de fort Carillon) et la forteresse de Louisbourg (Louisbourg, NÉ).Lead seals are relatively unknown artifacts, but are important as sources of information concerning textiles and their consumption in the seventeeth and eighteenth centuries. These lead tags were often attached to textiles and were proof of quality, ownership, and payment of taxes on textiles and other commercial goods. Found at many archaeological sites in North America, these seals are indicators of the European origins of imported textiles as well as merchant networks needed in order to transport them to New France, a colonial territory that was very dependent on the metropole. This study aims to discover new details concerning the unique consumption patterns present as three sites with different functions, locations, and populations, using the lead seals found at these sites. Seals from three French sites from the colonial period will be examined; Fort St. Joseph (Niles, MI), Fort Ticonderoga (Ticonderoga, NY, also known as Fort Carillon), and Fortress Louisbourg (Louisbourg, NS).
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Hanotin, Guillaume. "Au service de deux rois : l’ambassadeur Amelot et l’Union des couronnes (1705-1709)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040246.
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Cette thèse a pour objet un moment singulier des relations entre la monarchie hispanique et le royaume de France.La mort du roi Charles II à Madrid en 1700 et l’avènement du duc d’Anjou, petit-fils de Louis XIV, au trône d’Espagneprovoquèrent en effet une profonde réorganisation des rapports franco-espagnols. Après avoir été rivales, ces deuxmonarchies devenaient des puissances alliées dont les souverains appartenaient à la même maison. La réorganisation de leursrelations et la perspective de voir se reconstituer un empire – comme l’avait été celui de Charles Quint – mais cette fois-ci aubénéfice de Louis XIV inquiéta de nombreux États européens et fut l’élément déclencheur de la guerre de Successiond’Espagne. Celle-ci n’est pas envisagée ici dans l’une de ses dimensions de conflit mondial ou civil mais sous l’angle desprincipes structurants d’une politique qui a alors été mise en place par les cours de Versailles et de Madrid.« L’union des couronnes » servit à désigner ces rapports nouveaux qui inquiétaient tant mais qui donnèrent aussilieu à de nombreux projets pour rapprocher deux puissances, leurs États, leurs cours et dans une moindre mesure leurssociétés. Pour conduire cette politique, Louis XIV envoya à la cour de son petit-fils un ambassadeur resté largement méconnuet dont l’action est analysée dans cette thèse. Amelot de Gournay incarna cette union des couronnes. Cet ambassadeur eut ladélicate – voire contradictoire – mission de servir deux souverains, le roi de France et le Roi Catholique. Les différentesconceptions de l’union des couronnes sont ainsi étudiées à travers l’activité déployée par l’un de ses principaux acteurs. Si lapolitique d’union des couronnes et l’action de l’un de ses promoteurs – l’ambassadeur Amelot – sont ainsi resituées dans lecontexte d’un changement dynastique, elles permettent également de voir comment des préoccupations commercialesapparaissent de plus en plus clairement aux cours des négociations. Celles-ci jouèrent un grand rôle dans le déclenchement dela guerre, l’Angleterre et les Provinces-Unies redoutants de voir les Français s’emparer du commerce américain, maiségalement dans les efforts conduits pour rapprocher la France et l’Espagne. Le commerce devait servir de colonne vertébraleà l’union.Dans une première partie, ce travail s’attache à retracer les tensions et les conflits engendrés par les initiatives deLouis XIV sur fond de rivalités commerciales croissantes. Les principales guerres menées par le roi de France contre les roisd’Espagne au XVIIe siècle et l’enjeu des questions commerciales dans les relations hispano-françaises ont laissé une empreintedurable qui a affecté en retour la politique d’union des couronnes. Dans une seconde partie, l’ambassadeur, ses réseaux et sonaction sont étudiés pour mettre en évidence les usages et les pratiques de la négociation. Enfin, ce sont les réalités concrèteset l’image de l’union des couronnes qui est analysée dans une dernière partieThis thesis shows how in 1700 the death in Madrid of Charles II, King of Spain, followed by the ascension of the duke ofAnjou, grandson of Louis XIV, to the Spanish throne, led to a complete and complex reorganisation of the relationshipbetween the French and Spanish monarchies. After decades of rivalry, these two kingdoms with sovereigns coming from thesame lineage turned into allies. For many Europeans states, these changes in the European balance of power and thepossibility of the rebirth of an empire – similar to the one created by Charles V – for the benefit of Louis XIV was perceivedas a threat.The expression «The Two Crowns» or « the union of the Crowns of France and of Spain » was coined to describe this newrelationship bringing together two powerful kingdoms, their States, their courts and to a lesser extent their societies.The political lead of these changes was the mandate given to the French ambassador nominated by Louis XIV within hisgrandson court. Up to now, very little was known about the role played by this man Amelot de Gournay who portrayed thisambitious politics. This thesis analyses how he managed to serve simultaneously both masters, the King of France and theKing of Spain, while his delicate mission was not exempt of contradictions.The different aspects of the Two Crowns’ governance are studied through the activities developed by the ambassadorAmelot, who was one of the main players, conceiving and carrying out this politics in a time of a change of dynasty.Economics and trade activities became of crucial importance during the negotiations, playing a major role in the outburst ofthe War of the Spanish Succession, as the England and the Dutch Republic feared the possibility that France took over thecommercial relationship with North America. These activities were also part of the efforts of France to befriend Spain. Tradewould have been the backbone of the union between the two nations.In the first part, this work develops the tensions and conflicts generated by Louis XIV’s initiatives with abackground of increasing trade rivalries. During the 17th century, most of the wars led by the King of France against the Kingof Spain and the trade issue between the two kingdoms had left durable marks in both societies, which in return impacted theTwo Crowns’ implementation. In the second part, Amelot de Gournay’s leadership, networks and actions are studied in orderto highlight the practices that ruled negotiations at that time. Finally, the facts and the perception of the Two Crowns areanalysed
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Bournonville, Aurélien. "De l’Intendance au Commissariat de la Marine (1765 – 1909) : un exemple de stabilité administrative." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20011/document.
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Les commissaires de la Marine sont les officiers chargés, jusqu’en 2010, du soutien logistique et du service financier dans la Marine française. Ces compétences sont un reliquat de celles qu’ils exercent jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. En effet, outre le service administratif de la Marine, les commissaires sont compétents, au XIXème siècle, pour les affaires maritimes : la navigation commerciale, la pêche maritime, le statut professionnel des marins, les colonies. Ils interviennent dans l’ensemble des matières relevant du ministre de la Marine et des colonies. Cette situation est héritée de l’Ancien Régime. Elle témoigne de l’influence des idées de Colbert sur l’administration des affaires maritimes. Quand il devient secrétaire d’État à la Marine, il met en place non pas un ministère technique chargé des opérations navales, mais une administration chargée de développer l’activité maritime française. Il s’appuie, à cette fin, sur les commissaires de la Marine. Cette situation ne cesse qu’avec l’apparition des navires modernes, en acier et propulsés par vapeur, au XIXème siècleCommissioners of the Navy had been, until 2010, the officers in charge for logistical support and financial services in the French Navy. These areas of responsibility are merely a remainder of their former competences, which they had been exercising until the eve of the First World War. As a matter of fact, commissioners of the Navy were not only in charge for administrative services of the French Navy, but also for all maritime affairs, such as maritime navigation, marine fisheries, the professional status of sailors, and the colonies. They intervened within the field of competence of the Ministry for the Navy and the colonies. This situation is a legacy of the Monarchy and demonstrates the influence of Colbert’s doctrine with regard to the administration of maritime affairs. When he became Secretary of State for the Navy, he did not set up a ministry only concerned by naval warfare, but an administration in charge of the development of French maritime activity. For this purpose, he relied on commissioners of the Navy. This situation ceased only in the 19th century with the emergence of steamships
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Bokolombe, Bokina. "L'influence du modèle français sur les codifications congolaises : cas du droit des personnes et de la famille." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10031/document.
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Le Code civil français a exercé une influence considérable sur la codification civile congolaise. En 1895, par le biais de la colonisation, les Belges avaient importé au Congo le Code Napoléon qu’ils avaient eux-mêmes hérité des conquêtes de l’Empereur français. Le système juridique congolais qui jadis était basé sur le droit coutumier non écrit, fait de multiples coutumes et mœurs locales, s’était alors doté d’un Code rationnalisé calqué sur le modèle français. Après l’indépendance, le pouvoir politique congolais avait voulu remplacer le Code colonial qui était non seulement lacunaire mais surtout inadapté à la mentalité et aux traditions congolaises. Les travaux législatifs engagés notamment sur la partie relative aux droits des personnes et de la famille ont requis le recours à l’authenticité congolaise… En 1987, le législateur congolais a édicté la loi portant le Code de la famille. Ce Code qui pourtant prônait la rupture avec l’ancien Code colonial ne s’est-il pas finalement aligné sur ce même modèle contesté ? Quel choix le législateur congolais a-t-il fait entre tradition et modernité ? Quelles sont les principales nouveautés de ce Code ? Quelles critiques en a-t-on fait ? Aujourd’hui, 20 ans après son élaboration, le vieillissement du Code de la famille ne nécessite-il pas une recodification ?The French Law has exercised significant influence on Congolese codifications; the most outstanding example is no doubt civil codifications. In reality, the Congolese legal system once based on the unwritten customary law made on multiple customs and community behaviours received through the Belgian colonization, with some adjustments, the Napoleonic Code that the Belgium has therefore received from Napoleonic conquests. This Code is also always applied in Belgium. But after the Congolese’s national independence, political power had wanted to replace the colonial Code which was the mentality and Congolese customs but still incomplete. Furthermore, the legislative work initiated on the part relating to the rights of persons and the family, which led to performing in 1987 of the Family Code, had advocated the use of the right traditional (authenticity). However, apart from the integration of a few customary institutions, this new Congolese Code is the modern fundamental (imperative of development). In fact, it renewed and even amplified the French law that associated others European rights and African postcolonial. But today, this Code has definitely aged; what might therefore be the best remedies to more valuable ? _______________________________________________________________________________________
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Collins, Megan Marie. "The Portrait of Citizen Jean-Baptiste Belley, Ex-Representative of the Colonies by Anne-Louis Girodet Trioson: Hybridity, History Painting, and the Grand Tour." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1237.pdf.
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Cooper, Nicola J. "French colonial discourses : the case of French Indochina 1900-1939." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35581/.
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This thesis focuses upon French colonial discourses at the height of the French imperial encounter with Indochina: 1900-1939. It examines the way in which imperial France viewed her role in Indochina, and the representations and perceptions of Indochina which were produced and disseminated in a variety of cultural media emanating from the metropole. Framed by political, ideological and historical developments and debates, each chapter develops a socio-cultural account of France's own understanding of her role in Indochina, and her relationship with the colony during this crucial period. The thesis asserts that although consistent, French discourses of Empire do not present a coherent view of the nation's imperial identity or role, and that this lack of coherence is epitomised by the Franco-indochinese relationship. The thesis seeks to demonstrate that French perceptions of Indochina were marked above all by a striking ambivalence, and that the metropole's view of the status of Indochina within the Empire was often contradictory, and at times paradoxical. Indeed, the thesis argues that Indochina was imagined through a series of antitheses which reflect the incoherent nature of French colonial discourse during this period. This thesis uses as its primary material a variety of key cultural media which informed the popular perception of Indochina during this period: metropolitan and Franco-indochinese school manuals; the writings and designs of French colonial urbanists; the works of influential colonial apologists; 'official' texts relating to the organisation and impact of the Exposition coloniale of 1931; travel journalism; and metropolitan fiction relating to Indochina. The discursive approach that this thesis takes, focusing clearly upon the socio-cultural dimension, should provide an important re-evaluation of French Indochina and its legacy, and should make a contribution to the understanding of France's relations with her colonial territories during the first half of the twentieth century.
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Ali, Ibrahim. "Esclaves, engagés et travailleurs libres à la Grande Comore et au Mozambique pendant le sultanat de Saïd Ali ben Saïd Omar (1883-1910)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040028.
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Cette thèse étudie du trafic des esclaves au départ de l’Afrique orientale (Mozambique) vers les Comores où des planteurs étrangers venaient les acheter comme engagés libres. Le sultanat de Saïd Ali né en 1883, a bénéficié de la protection de de la France en 1886. Malgré ce protectorat, l’esclavage n’est aboli qu’en 1904. Pour maintenir la main-d’œuvre coloniale, l’État protecteur a retardé cette abolition. Face aux hésitations, le sultanat est rattaché à Magascar en 1908, le sultan abdique en 1910, avant que la Grande Comore devienne colonie française en 1912This Thesis studies the slaves trade starting from East Africa to Comoros where foreign growers came to buy them as free Endentured servant. The Sultanat of Saïd Ali born in 1883 benefited of French protection in 1886. Even thought this protectorate, the slavery is abolished in 1904. To maintain the colonialworkforce, The Protecting State has delayed this abolition. In front of theses hesitations, the Sultan is attached to Madagascar in 1908, the sultan abdicated in 1910, before that the Great Comoro become a French colony in 1912
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Mary, Sylvain. "Les Antilles, de la colonie au département. Enjeux, stratégies et échelles de l’action de l’État (1944-début des années 1980)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL158.
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À travers le cas des Antilles françaises, cette thèse examine les transformations de l’État liées au passage de la colonie au département. Dans le cadre d’une histoire du politique, elle entend se centrer sur l’étude du fonctionnement de l’État dans une optique large et transversale, en interaction avec les acteurs locaux, et à l’intersection d’autres champs historiographiques comme ceux du fait colonial ou de la Guerre froide. Son originalité tient à l’inscription de cette problématique de départementalisation dans diverses échelles d’analyse, permettant de confronter les contextes locaux, nationaux et mondiaux sur une période de quatre décennies, entre la réorganisation des structures impériales au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la mise en œuvre de la décentralisation en France au début des années 1980. L’objectif de la thèse est à la fois d’appréhender l’ensemble des facteurs internes et externes à l’appareil d’État qui rythment la chronologie du processus de départementalisation et de caractériser la gestion des départements d’Outre-mer par l’ÉtatThis PHD analyzes the consequences of the transformation of the French West Indies colonies into “departements”. It is focused on political history and centered on the functioning of the State Administration from a wide and cross-cultural point of view, taking into account the interactions between the State Administration and local players. This PHD is at the crossroads of many historiographic fields such as Colonial History or Cold War History. The originality of this PHD lies in the various scales that it encompasses, making it possible to compare local, regional and world issues over forty years, between the end of War World II and the beginning of the decentralization process in France. The purpose of this PHD is to assess the set of internal and external factors inside the State Administration which have an influence on the chronology of the “departementalization” process. It is also to typify the management of overseas French West Indies initiated by the French state
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El, kallab Tania. "Three essays on French colonial trade." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0835/document.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois études empiriques sur le commerce colonial Français. Le premier chapitre consiste d’une étude comparative entre le commerce Franco-colonial et le commerce Français avec d'autres groupes de colonies et pays afin d'analyser la nature et la dynamique du commerce sectoriel Français dans la période 1880 jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. A la base, ce chapitre décrit la construction et restructuration complète des différentes données historiques primaires sur la valeur du commerce sectoriel Français. Les résultats mettent en évidence une tendance commune du commerce Franco-colonial. En particulier, le commerce de la France avec ses colonies a été principalement basé sur les importations de produits de matière première et sur les exportations de produits manufacturés. Cette évidence confirme que l'Empire colonial a été un débouché principal pour exportations de la France et un réservoir essentiel de matières premières. Les statistiques montrent également que suite à la colonisation des colonies Françaises, les échanges commerciaux entre la France et ses colonies ont augmenté, tandis que la colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne et des autres métropoles n'a pas affecté le commerce entre la France et colonies anglaises et européennes. Les résultats ne révèlent pas un avantage comparatif en faveur de ces colonies. Le deuxième chapitre étudie comment la stratégie coloniale illustrée par le nombre des colons Européens installés dans les colonies a affecté la structure du commerce Français. On applique un modèle de gravité dont les résultats montrent que les colonies françaises ayant plus de colons Français dans leurs territoires s’engagent plus dans des relations de commerce avec la France, alors que l'inverse est vrai pour les autres colonies. Ce chapitre examine en outre deux canaux par lesquels l’installation des colons européens pourrait avoir affecté les échanges commerciaux entre la France et les colonies: les institutions et les réseaux. Les résultats montrent que meilleures sont les institutions dans les colonies Françaises, moins est le commerce avec la France, alors que ces meilleures institutions facilitent le commerce de la France avec les colonies anglaises. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec la nature extractive du commerce Franco-colonial. Les réseaux ont un impact positif sur le commerce de la France avec ses colonies, mais un impact négatif sur le commerce avec les autres colonies. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, on étudie la relation entre le type de biens que les colonies exportent vers la France et la croissance économique ultérieure de ces pays. Une explication commune pour le nexus exportations-croissance est la qualité des institutions établies dans ces colonies pendant la période coloniale. Afin d'étudier l'impact du commerce colonial sur la croissance économique par l’intermédiaire des institutions, on applique l’approche PLS du modèle d’équations structurelles. Grace à cette méthode, nous sommes en mesure de tirer simultanément l'importance relative et du commerce et des institutions sur la croissance, tout en tenant compte des problèmes de multicolinéarité entre ces variables, leurs erreurs de mesures et des problèmes de taille de petits échantillons. Les résultats évoquent un rôle commun et important du commerce colonial et de la qualité des institutions en déterminant la croissance économique des pays à long terme. En particulier les colonies françaises qui ont exporté des matières premières a la France ont développé des institutions extractives, ce qui a affecté négativement leur développement aujourd'hui, tandis que celles qui ont exporté des produits manufacturés performent mieux économiquement aujourd'hui. Parmi les colonies anglaises et les autres colonies européennes, les exportations de matières premières et de produits manufacturés vers la France ont contribué à de meilleures institutions et donc à un meilleur développement économique a long-termeThis thesis consists of three empirical papers on French colonial trade patterns: Chapter 1 undertakes a comparative study between Franco-colonial trade and French trade with other groups of countries in order to analyse the nature and dynamic of French sectoral trade for the period starting 1880 until the eve of the WWI. Initially it presents a complete description of the construction and restructure of the various primary historical. Results highlight a common trend regarding Franco-colonial trade. In particular, French trade with its colonies was mainly based on imports of primary products and exports of manufactured goods meaning that the Empire was used as the main dispenser of French exports and their main provider of natural resources. Statistics also emphasize that the event of colonization was followed by an increase in trade between France and its colonies, while colonization from Britain and other metropolis did not impact trade between France and British/ other colonies. This chapter finally reveals that trade with French colonies was unbalanced with no advantage in favor of those colonies. Chapter 2 investigates how the colonial strategy through the settlement decision affected French trade patterns. Using a gravity model, results show that French colonies with more European settlements traded more with France, whereas the opposite is true for other colonies. The chapter further investigates two channels through which European settlements might have affected the French trade pattern with colonies: institutions and networking. Results show that better institutions brought by European settlements had a negative impact on trade with French colonies, while it promoted trade with British colonies. These results are consistent with the extractive nature of French trade relations with its colonies. As for networking, it increases overall French trade within French colonies but reduces it in other colonies. Finally in the last chapter we investigate the relation between the type of goods colonies exported to France and those economies' later development. A common explanation for the export-growth nexus is the quality of institutions established in those colonies during the colonial period. In order to investigate the impact of colonial trade on current growth through the mediation of institutions, we apply the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. With this method we are able to simultaneously derive the relative importance of trade and of institutions on growth, while taking into account multicollinearity between the variables, their measurements errors and small sample size issues. The results suggest an important joint role for both trade and institutions in determining economic development in the long run. In particular French colonies who exported raw material developed extractive institutions, which negatively affected development today, while those who exported manufactured goods experience better economic performance today. Among British and other colonies, however, higher exports of both raw materials and of manufactured goods to France are associated with better institutions, which lead to better economic performance in the long-run
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Mary, Sylvain. "Les Antilles, de la colonie au département. Enjeux, stratégies et échelles de l’action de l’État (1944-début des années 1980)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL158.
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À travers le cas des Antilles françaises, cette thèse examine les transformations de l’État liées au passage de la colonie au département. Dans le cadre d’une histoire du politique, elle entend se centrer sur l’étude du fonctionnement de l’État dans une optique large et transversale, en interaction avec les acteurs locaux, et à l’intersection d’autres champs historiographiques comme ceux du fait colonial ou de la Guerre froide. Son originalité tient à l’inscription de cette problématique de départementalisation dans diverses échelles d’analyse, permettant de confronter les contextes locaux, nationaux et mondiaux sur une période de quatre décennies, entre la réorganisation des structures impériales au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la mise en œuvre de la décentralisation en France au début des années 1980. L’objectif de la thèse est à la fois d’appréhender l’ensemble des facteurs internes et externes à l’appareil d’État qui rythment la chronologie du processus de départementalisation et de caractériser la gestion des départements d’Outre-mer par l’ÉtatThis PHD analyzes the consequences of the transformation of the French West Indies colonies into “departements”. It is focused on political history and centered on the functioning of the State Administration from a wide and cross-cultural point of view, taking into account the interactions between the State Administration and local players. This PHD is at the crossroads of many historiographic fields such as Colonial History or Cold War History. The originality of this PHD lies in the various scales that it encompasses, making it possible to compare local, regional and world issues over forty years, between the end of War World II and the beginning of the decentralization process in France. The purpose of this PHD is to assess the set of internal and external factors inside the State Administration which have an influence on the chronology of the “departementalization” process. It is also to typify the management of overseas French West Indies initiated by the French state
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Adamo, Elizabeth. "Complicity and Resistance: French Women's Colonial Nonfiction." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1428264527.
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De, Miranda Pereira Ivete. "La Guyane française sous l'occupation portugaise : administration, société et économie (1809-1817)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0107.
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Cette étude vise à analyser l’occupation longue de neuf ans de la colonie française de la Guyane par les Portugais (1809-1817), qui est un thème peu abordé par l’historiographie. L’invasion et l’occupation sont considérées à partir des enjeux politiques français de la Révolution, du Consulat et de l’Empire, qui font basculer toute l’Europe. L’entrée des troupes napoléoniennes dans le Portugal a pour conséquence le transfert de la cour portugaise vers l’Amérique, et l’invasion ultérieure de la Guyane à partir de la capitainerie du Grão-Pará. Au cœur de l’analyse se trouve l’organisation des structures du gouvernement portugais dans les sphères juridique, fiscale et commerciale. La comparaison entre l’administration française et portugaise de la Guyane est le fil rouge de cette thèse, elle nous permet de dévoiler notamment les adaptations entreprises par les Portugais dans leur administration pour conserver et gérer leur conquête. Colonie atypique au sein de l’empire colonial français, notamment en raison de sa faible démographie, l’étude tient compte des effets de cette spécificité, ainsi que de la distribution inégale de la population sur l’ensemble du territoire guyanais. Dans cette recherche nous nous sommes également interrogés sur la nature des rapports entre les administrateurs portugais et cette population, et ce faisant la diversité et les spécificités et des groupes sociaux sont mises au jour. L’étude des normes et des conflits, ainsi que des différents types de liens et de réseaux unissant les individus appartenant à différents groupes de la population guyanaise jette une lumière nouvelle sur l’administration et sur la société locale avant et durant la période portugaise. La perspective de l’histoire sociale associée à l’histoire politique et économique a permis notamment de nuancer quelque peu les interprétations de l’historiographie qui dépeignent la Guyane comme un « pays misérable», montrant au contraire un considérable dynamisme et complexité des relations sociales et économiquesThis study intends to analyse the nine years of the Portuguese occupation of French Guiana (1809-1817), a topic that in general has not yet been very well addressed by historiography. The invasion and this occupation are approached here having the French political issues of the Revolution, Consulate and Empire as essential starting points for this work. The arrival of the Napoleonic troops in Portugal brought about the transfer of the Portuguese Court to America, and then later also the invasion of Guiana by the troops of the Captaincy of Grão-Pará. This thesis aims to analyse how the Portuguese organised the government structures of this occupied territory regarding the legal, fiscal and commercial spheres. The comparison between the French and the Portuguese administrations is the leading thread of this study, and it allows us to distinguish the adaptations undertaken by the Portuguese administrators in order to preserve and to govern their conquest. Focusing on an atypical colony within the French colonial empire, due to the weak demography of this area, the study also considers the effects of its specificity, as well as the unequal distribution of the population in the whole territory. By highlighting the diversity of the members of the society of that time, the research also examines the nature of relations between the Portuguese administrators and the population as a whole. The study of norms and conflicts, as well as the analyses of the links and networks which often united individuals who belonged to different groups of the Guyanese population, they both illuminate the understanding of the administration and the local society, before and during the Portuguese occupation period in a very new way. The perspective of the combination of the social history with the political and the economic history has made it possible to diversify and sophisticate the interpretations of historiography that often describes Guyana as a “miserable colony”. Thus, it is this rich perspective which ends up revealing the considerable dynamism and complexity of the social and economic relations within this unique scenario and time
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Mauffret, Blodwenn. "Le carnaval de Cayenne. Esthétique et subversion. Histoire d'un phénomène festif issu du fait colonial." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030162.
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Ce présent travail aborde le carnaval de Cayenne en tant que phénomène festif issu du fait colonial et interroge les mécanismes d'ajustement qui ont amené esclaves et "gens de couleur libres" à retourner une fête religieuse, au service d’une coercition imposée par l’ordre colonial et esclavagiste, en une pratique subversive. Il s'inscrit dans le champ des études théâtrales et aborde le carnaval à travers sa dramaticité. L'histoire du carnaval, des premiers temps de la colonie jusqu’à à la période contemporaine, montre une mise en place d'esthétiques originales qui autorisent toutes les subversions. La tradition dramatique carnavalesque est fortement marquée par la pratique du Détour pouvant se définir par l'exacerbation du caractère dérisoire de l'être créole. Le grotesque européen se mêle à la dérision militante créole offrant un héritage théâtral pouvant exprimer une digne rage, une humanité perdue, une utopie nouvelle. La danse des bals, populaires autant que ceux de la bourgeoisie noire, quant à elle, est un art de la fuite et convoque le marronnage créateur en construisant un espace-temps différent où l'être renaît dans un sentiment d'enthousiasme. Cet art de la fuite au sein des vidé participe à une immense transe collective où la violence jaillit devenant un moyen de déstabiliser l'ordre en place et d'aborder une nouvelle sociabilité. Le carnaval contemporain tente de résoudre les problématiques de l'histoire et devient l'inverse du Détour. L'être sort de l'ombre pour manifester sa valeur d'exposition manifestant un hédonisme générale. La théâtralité y est brillante et manifeste une hypervisibilité de soi. C'est l'ère de l'exacerbation de la valeur de l'être cayennaisThis present work approaches the carnival of Cayenne as a festive phenomenon which has developed from the colonial fact. It examines the mechanisms of this adjustment by which slaves and "free people of color" have converted a religious feast reinforcing colonial order and slavery, and subverted it into a manifestation of pride in identity and expectation of a better future. As such this falls within the field of theatrical studies, i.e. evaluating the carnival as drama. The history of the carnival, from the colony's earliest days until the present, shows how new aesthetics have, year after year, changed its original role. The dramatic traditions of the carnival were strongly marked by the practice of "Détour", best defined as stressing the derisory character of the Creole being. European grotesque was mixed with Creole militant mockery, offering a theatrical inheritance expressing dignified rage, a lost humanity, a new utopia. The dance of balls, as popular as those of the black bourgeoisie, is an art of the flight, and summons creative marronnage by building a different space-time in which the being is reborn in a feeling of liberation and enthusiasm. This art of flight within the "vidé" occurs in an immense collective trance, where violence erupts, destabilizing an old order, encouraging a new. The contemporary carnival tries to solve the problems of history and becomes the opposite of the "Détour". The being comes out of darkness displaying its exhibition value, showing a general hedonism. Its theatricality is brilliant and manifests a hypervisibility. The true value of the Cayennais being is recognised
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Stevenson-Maurel, Mary Lee. "French nationals in Montreal post-colonial, transnational projects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39948.pdf.
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Hanotin, Guillaume. "Au service de deux rois : l’ambassadeur Amelot et l’Union des couronnes (1705-1709)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040246.
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Cette thèse a pour objet un moment singulier des relations entre la monarchie hispanique et le royaume de France.La mort du roi Charles II à Madrid en 1700 et l’avènement du duc d’Anjou, petit-fils de Louis XIV, au trône d’Espagneprovoquèrent en effet une profonde réorganisation des rapports franco-espagnols. Après avoir été rivales, ces deuxmonarchies devenaient des puissances alliées dont les souverains appartenaient à la même maison. La réorganisation de leursrelations et la perspective de voir se reconstituer un empire – comme l’avait été celui de Charles Quint – mais cette fois-ci aubénéfice de Louis XIV inquiéta de nombreux États européens et fut l’élément déclencheur de la guerre de Successiond’Espagne. Celle-ci n’est pas envisagée ici dans l’une de ses dimensions de conflit mondial ou civil mais sous l’angle desprincipes structurants d’une politique qui a alors été mise en place par les cours de Versailles et de Madrid.« L’union des couronnes » servit à désigner ces rapports nouveaux qui inquiétaient tant mais qui donnèrent aussilieu à de nombreux projets pour rapprocher deux puissances, leurs États, leurs cours et dans une moindre mesure leurssociétés. Pour conduire cette politique, Louis XIV envoya à la cour de son petit-fils un ambassadeur resté largement méconnuet dont l’action est analysée dans cette thèse. Amelot de Gournay incarna cette union des couronnes. Cet ambassadeur eut ladélicate – voire contradictoire – mission de servir deux souverains, le roi de France et le Roi Catholique. Les différentesconceptions de l’union des couronnes sont ainsi étudiées à travers l’activité déployée par l’un de ses principaux acteurs. Si lapolitique d’union des couronnes et l’action de l’un de ses promoteurs – l’ambassadeur Amelot – sont ainsi resituées dans lecontexte d’un changement dynastique, elles permettent également de voir comment des préoccupations commercialesapparaissent de plus en plus clairement aux cours des négociations. Celles-ci jouèrent un grand rôle dans le déclenchement dela guerre, l’Angleterre et les Provinces-Unies redoutants de voir les Français s’emparer du commerce américain, maiségalement dans les efforts conduits pour rapprocher la France et l’Espagne. Le commerce devait servir de colonne vertébraleà l’union.Dans une première partie, ce travail s’attache à retracer les tensions et les conflits engendrés par les initiatives deLouis XIV sur fond de rivalités commerciales croissantes. Les principales guerres menées par le roi de France contre les roisd’Espagne au XVIIe siècle et l’enjeu des questions commerciales dans les relations hispano-françaises ont laissé une empreintedurable qui a affecté en retour la politique d’union des couronnes. Dans une seconde partie, l’ambassadeur, ses réseaux et sonaction sont étudiés pour mettre en évidence les usages et les pratiques de la négociation. Enfin, ce sont les réalités concrèteset l’image de l’union des couronnes qui est analysée dans une dernière partieThis thesis shows how in 1700 the death in Madrid of Charles II, King of Spain, followed by the ascension of the duke ofAnjou, grandson of Louis XIV, to the Spanish throne, led to a complete and complex reorganisation of the relationshipbetween the French and Spanish monarchies. After decades of rivalry, these two kingdoms with sovereigns coming from thesame lineage turned into allies. For many Europeans states, these changes in the European balance of power and thepossibility of the rebirth of an empire – similar to the one created by Charles V – for the benefit of Louis XIV was perceivedas a threat.The expression «The Two Crowns» or « the union of the Crowns of France and of Spain » was coined to describe this newrelationship bringing together two powerful kingdoms, their States, their courts and to a lesser extent their societies.The political lead of these changes was the mandate given to the French ambassador nominated by Louis XIV within hisgrandson court. Up to now, very little was known about the role played by this man Amelot de Gournay who portrayed thisambitious politics. This thesis analyses how he managed to serve simultaneously both masters, the King of France and theKing of Spain, while his delicate mission was not exempt of contradictions.The different aspects of the Two Crowns’ governance are studied through the activities developed by the ambassadorAmelot, who was one of the main players, conceiving and carrying out this politics in a time of a change of dynasty.Economics and trade activities became of crucial importance during the negotiations, playing a major role in the outburst ofthe War of the Spanish Succession, as the England and the Dutch Republic feared the possibility that France took over thecommercial relationship with North America. These activities were also part of the efforts of France to befriend Spain. Tradewould have been the backbone of the union between the two nations.In the first part, this work develops the tensions and conflicts generated by Louis XIV’s initiatives with abackground of increasing trade rivalries. During the 17th century, most of the wars led by the King of France against the Kingof Spain and the trade issue between the two kingdoms had left durable marks in both societies, which in return impacted theTwo Crowns’ implementation. In the second part, Amelot de Gournay’s leadership, networks and actions are studied in orderto highlight the practices that ruled negotiations at that time. Finally, the facts and the perception of the Two Crowns areanalysed
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White, Owen. "Children of the French empire : miscegenation and colonial society in French West Africa, 1895-1960 /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376525368.
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Fink, Rachael. "France and the Soviet Union: Intervention in Africa Post-Colonialism." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617892018822665.
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Sanusi, Ramonu Abiodun. "Representations of Sub-Saharan African Women in Colonial and Post-Colonial Novels in French." Thesis, view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136444.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Goddard, Peter Allen. "Christianization and civilization in seventeenth-century French colonial thought." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304891.
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Pairaudeau, Natasha. "Indians as French citizens in colonial Indochina, 1858-1940." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2009. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28764/.
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This study demonstrates how Indians with French citizenship were able through their stay in Indochina to have some say in shaping their position within the French colonial empire, and how in turn they made their mark on Indochina itself. Known as 'renouncers', they gained their citizenship by renouncing their personal laws in order to to be judged by the French civil code. Mainly residing in Cochinchina, they served primarily as functionaries in the French colonial administration, and spent the early decades of their stay battling to secure recognition of their electoral and civil rights in the colony. Their presence in Indochina in turn had an important influence on the ways in which the peoples of Indochina experienced and assessed French colonialism. Indochina was important to French India from the late-nineteenth century, I maintain, because of the way renouncers were able to develop social and political agendas over long distances to secure their rights within the French empire. I further the study of late-colonial migrations from British India by adding a trajectory under French colonial conditions to other better-known itineraries. I advance thinking on migration by showing how movements stimulated the circulation not just of goods and labour but of ideas. I support claims that colonised peoples were not passive agents, and bring to the fore the struggles of colonised people fighting not against, but within a colonial framework. I reinstate the Indian presence in the colonial history of Vietnam, not only to support the restoration to southern Vietnam of its historical social diversity, or to draw attention to long-neglected minority groups. The thesis, I argue, brings new insights to the complexities of colonial encounters. The presence of Indian French citizens in colonial Indochina generated encounters between Indians and Vietnamese which were outside of French control. In so doing it highlighted not the strengths but the inherent weaknesses of colonial rule.
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Sharpe, Mani. "Gender and space in post-colonial French and Algerian cinema." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2744.
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This thesis explores representations of narrative space and gender in 1960s French and Algerian cinema; an era marked, in both countries, by the spectre of the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962). Until now, the two forms of cinema which arose out of this war have rarely been analysed in relation to each other. Doing so provides a crucial insight into how the dynamics of decolonization led to analogous patterns of cinematic representation- particularly in relation to patterns of gender and space. This thesis will be split into four chapters. In the first chapter, I provide a general overview of my methodological approach, the specific theorists that have informed my research, and a socio-cultural overview of the period focusing in particular on issues of space and gender. The second chapter will then shift to textual analysis, illustrating how a number of French films of the period, including Adieu Philippine (Rozier 1962), La Belle vie (Enrico 1963), Muriel ou le temps d’un retour (Resnais 1963), and Le Boucher (Chabrol 1969), critique a post-colonial modernization drive predicated upon neo-colonial processes of spatial marginalization in representing the domestic sphere as ‘contaminated’ by the figure of a traumatised appelé. In this respect, patterns of narrative space will shown to be intrinsically intertwined with the politics of anti-colonial resistance. In the second half of this chapter, I will show how this desire to critique colonialism coexists with a gendered conservatism which elides or in some cases completely ignores the feminist agenda pursued by women (and men) during the 1960s. The third chapter will then discuss how the attainment of national sovereignty impacted upon Algerian cinema of the period. Within this framework, I will firstly show how La Bataille d’Alger (Pontecorvo 1966), Le Vent des Aurès (Lakhdar-Hamina 1966) and L’Opium et le bâton (Rachedi 1969) use representations of spatial transgression (from the private to the public realm) as a signifier for anti-colonial resistance. Nevertheless- as with the French films of the era- I will then draw attention to the ways in which these films draw from a constellation of retrograde gendered ideals in their depiction of the Revolution. The fourth chapter will then explore the few films which do not fit into this taxonomy, instead using patterns of narrative space in order to critique patriarchal ideology. In this section, I will explore films including Cléo de 5 à 7 (Varda 1962), Elise ou la vraie vie (Drach 1970), La Bataille d’Alger (Pontecorvo 1966), and La Nouba des Femmes du Mont Chenoua (Djebar 1978). In focusing primarily upon the politics of representation, I believe that this project will facilitate a crucial methodological shift, from the largely ahistorical and apolitical approaches which have previously dominated critical discourse on this period, to an approach instead rooted in the socio-cultural and political reality of the era.
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Ali, Ibrahim. "Esclaves, engagés et travailleurs libres à la Grande Comore et au Mozambique pendant le sultanat de Saïd Ali ben Saïd Omar (1883-1910)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040028.
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Cette thèse étudie du trafic des esclaves au départ de l’Afrique orientale (Mozambique) vers les Comores où des planteurs étrangers venaient les acheter comme engagés libres. Le sultanat de Saïd Ali né en 1883, a bénéficié de la protection de de la France en 1886. Malgré ce protectorat, l’esclavage n’est aboli qu’en 1904. Pour maintenir la main-d’œuvre coloniale, l’État protecteur a retardé cette abolition. Face aux hésitations, le sultanat est rattaché à Magascar en 1908, le sultan abdique en 1910, avant que la Grande Comore devienne colonie française en 1912This Thesis studies the slaves trade starting from East Africa to Comoros where foreign growers came to buy them as free Endentured servant. The Sultanat of Saïd Ali born in 1883 benefited of French protection in 1886. Even thought this protectorate, the slavery is abolished in 1904. To maintain the colonialworkforce, The Protecting State has delayed this abolition. In front of theses hesitations, the Sultan is attached to Madagascar in 1908, the sultan abdicated in 1910, before that the Great Comoro become a French colony in 1912
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Leitch, D. A. "The Colonial Ministry and Governments-General in the French Empire before 1914." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272918.
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Spears, Kat. "EPICS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE RIVER: NARRATIVES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN FRENCH LOUISIANA." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2709.
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White, Owen. "Miscegenation and colonial society in French West Africa c.1900-1960." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318997.
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White, Sophie Kirsten. "Trading identities : cultures of consumption in French colonial Louisiana, 1699-1769." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441174.
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Reyes, A. F. T. "English and French approaches to personal laws in South India, 1700-1850." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235254.
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The dissertation compares the attitudes taken by English and French lawyers towards the administration of personal law systems in early colonial Madras and Pondicherry respectively. The account focusses on civil, rather than criminal, institutions. A. English Law Chapter I. During the eighteenth century, the East India Company encouraged Indians to settle their own disputes. Paradoxically, the English Mayor's Court in Madras town found itself overwhelmed by Indian litigation, which it was ill-qualified to resolve. Outside of Madras, the Company relied on its revenue collectors to settle disputes among Indians, despite pressure from the Directors in London to establish a more formal judicial system. Chapter II. The tenure of Sir Thomas Strange, first Chief Justice of Madras, is examined. The chapter concludes with an assessment of English approaches to the Hindu law of adoption shortly before and after 1800, by way of an illustration of a new confident style of developing personal law systems. B. French Law Chapter III. The development of the French judicial establishment of Pondicherry is traced from 1701 to 1842. During the early stages of French rule, a wide variety of Indian disputes were deemed to be questions of police and not considered within the competence of the civil courts. Gradually, the jurisdiction of the Bureau de Police diminished, as the French became more settled. Chapter IV. The early sources of Franco-Hindu law are enumerated. The opinions of the Comite Consultatif de Jurisprudence Indienne, the jurisprudence of the civil courts, and the doctrinal writings of Pondicherry lawyers are evaluated. C. Studies in English and French Hindu Law Chapter V. Testaments were believed by nineteenth century English and French lawyers to be unknown to Hindus prior to the advent of Europeans. The chapter compares the development of the law of wills in Madras and Pondicherry. Chapter VI. Given the synthetic nature of Anglo- and Franco-Hindu laws, to what extent can Europeans be said to have shaped the law of debt to their advantage? The chapter looks at doctrine and case law in answering this question. The dissertation concludes with a brief summary of the extent to which legal tradition conditioned the development of personal laws in South India.
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Koons, Casey Joseph. "Dynamics of Concealment in French/Muslim Neo-Colonial Encounters: An Exploration of Colonial Discourses in Contemporary France." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218057001.
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Hertaud-Wright, Marie-Helene. "Masculinity, hybridity and nostalgia in French colonial fiction films of the 1930s." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327684.
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Colas, Christian. "Le Sumario das Armadas, chronique oubliée d'une conquête dans le Brésil du XVIème." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030066.
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Le Brésil a commencé à se construire au XVIeme siècle en soumettant les populations indigènes autochtones, au prix souvent de leur extermination et en repoussant farouchement les Français, qu'ils soient simples négociants à la recherche des produits exotiques du pays ou bien désireux de fonder une colonie avec Villegaignon dans la Baie de Guanabara. Le Portugal est encore confronté à ces oppositions quand commence le soulèvement des Potiguares de la Paraiba, dans le Nordeste du pays. Le Sumario das Armadas, une chronique oubliée, la seule aussi détaillée existant au Brésil, en retrace l'histoire au cours de laquelle, en trois campagnes, les forces hispano-portugaises parviendront à vaincre les alliés franco-amérindiens et étendre plus au nord l'emprise de la couronne de Philippe IIBrazil begun to built itsel on the XVIth century subduing the native population, who often paid the high price of her life, and repelling the French men, merchants looking for the exotic products of the country or settelers wanting to found a colony with Villegaignon in Ganabara Bay. Portugal has not finished fighting against both, French and Indians, in the others parts of the country, when begun the Potiguar uprising in Paraiba Territory, in the North-East of Brazil. The Sumario das Armadas is a forgotten cronicle, but the only one such detailed existing in the whole country. It describes the conquest of the Potiguar territory in three campaigns by the Spanish and Portuguese columns against the Indians and Frenchs allied, and the extention of the king's power of Philippe II of Spain
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Roberts, Emily Vaughan. "Identity and the colonial encounter : the French Indochinese novel in the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326845.
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Kalikiti, Webby Silupya. "Plantation labour : rubber planters and the colonial state in French Indochina, 1890-1939." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369205.
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This thesis provides a different interpretation and new insights on Vietnam's social and economic history through a study of Indochina's rubber planters and migrant contract labour up to 1939. A different reading of available material and use of new sources, such as Michelin Archives, Archives of the Colonial Union, the Comité de l'Indochine, Nam Dinh and Hanoi's local Archives, supplemented by interviews with former rubber plantation workers, have been used to clarify obscure points and advance grasp of a subject that is yet to be fully and objectively studied. Apart from arguing that the role of the colonial state over labour was more than just a response to planter demands for assistance, I also postulate that labour supplying areas were neither overpopulated, invariably poor nor were recruits hapless. Rich agricultural lands, mineral resources, modem industry in parts of Tonkin, numerous craft industries, together with the all supportive Vietnamese Commune, provided Tonkin's peasants with varied means of subsistence. At the same time, I have argued that forced recruitment of labour was not practical or rational, especially in Northern Indochina, where the French colonial administration was superimposed on an existing, through somewhat reformed, traditional administrative structure. Recruits generally knew their recruiters and were aware of what they signed for. In many instances when their rights were violated, they complained. In short, what this work does is to question, on the basis of old and new material, some of the assumptions held on rubber planters and contract migrant labour and provides a more specific discussion of issues such as, the fractious nature of Indochina's rubber planters, the role of government officials in labour supplying areas, the age of recruits, their areas of origin, the proportion of female labour recruits and patterns of outward migration, aspects that have so far only been considered in general terms or simply ignored. 1
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Tran, Xuan Tri. "Les plantations d'hévéa en Cochinchine (1897-1940)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0016/document.
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Dès la conquête de la Cochinchine en 1862, l’Administration coloniale et des particuliers français exploitèrent l’agriculture locale et y développèrent l’économie. Ils tentèrent de faire l’essai et d’introduire diverses cultures, en particulier des arbres à caoutchouc. L’année 1897 marqua le début de l’hévéaculture de Cochinchine, lorsqu’on planta avec succès près de deux mille hévéas brasiliensis. La superficie de l’hévéaculture en Cochinchine se développait prodigieusement, allant de cent hectares à la fin du XIXème siècle à près de cent mille hectares au début des années trente, grâce d’une part à des capitaux provenant de la Métropole et, d’autre part à des mesures d’encouragement du Gouvernement colonial. Les plantations d’hévéa attirèrent les travailleurs locaux, surtout en provenance du Tonkin et de l’Annam, à raison d’une dizaine de mille, parfois une vingtaine de mille par an.Parallèlement à l’extension des superficies plantées, la production du caoutchouc de la colonie s’accrut rapidement, allant d’un peu plus d’une tonne en 1908 à plus de soixante mille tonnes en 1939. Les plantations d’hévéa devinrent l’une des cultures les plus importantes de Cochinchine à l’époque coloniale française. Non seulement elles apportèrent la fortune aux planteurs de la colonie, mais elles assurèrent une partie, et depuis 1938, la totalité des besoins de caoutchouc de l’industrie métropolitaine. Les plantations d’hévéa de Cochinchine représentaient un symbole de la colonisation agricole française, mais aussi hélas l’une des pages noires de l’histoire du colonialisme français au Vietnam par l’exploitation brutale des planteurs envers les travailleurs vietnamiensAs early as the conquest of Cochinchina in 1862, the colonial administration and French individuals exploited the local agriculture and developed the economy there. They tried to experiment and introduce various crops, especially rubber trees. The year of 1897 marked the beginning of the rubber plantation of Cochinchina, when two thousand rubber trees brasiliensis were successfully planted. The area of rubber tree plantation in Cochinchina grew tremendously, ranging from one hundred hectares at the end of the 19th century to nearly one hundred thousand hectares in the early 1930s, because of, on the one hand, the capital invested from the metropolis, and, on the other hand, the measures of encouragement taken by the colonial Government. The rubber plantations attracted local workers, mainly from Tonkin and Annam, at a rate of about 10.000, sometimes 20.000 persons a year. In parallel with the extension of the area of rubber plantation, the colonial rubber production rapidly increased from just over one tonne in 1908 to more than 60.000 tons in 1939.The rubber tree plantation became one of the most important crops of Cochinchina during the French colonial era. Not only they brought fortune to the planters of the colony, but they secured a part, and since 1938, the whole of the rubber demands of the metropolitan industries. The Cochinchina rubber plantations represented a symbol of French agricultural colonization and, unfortunately, one of the black pages of the history of French colonialism in Vietnam by the brutal exploitation of Vietnamese workers by rubber planters
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Forsdick, Charles. "Journeys between cultures : exoticism in the prose writings of Victor Segalen." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306879.
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