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Journal articles on the topic 'French and Jordanian legislation'

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Published: 1 June 2022

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1

Al-otean, Omar. "A Comparative Study of Provisions of Air Carriers’ Liability in Aviation Law." Business Law Review 33, Issue 12 (December 1, 2012): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2012071.

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This paper deals with the liability of transporters under aviation aaw and explores the main disputes and lawsuits that may appear before the courts. Therefore, this paper has been divided into three sections. The first section examines when air transportation can be considered as international, civil, commercial, or domestic contracts, while the second section deals with the legal responsibility of transporters under Jordanian, American, and French legislation, and explores contractual liability in this regard. Finally, the third section of this paper addresses the issue of tort liability in the case of civil aviation, and determines the main points and recommendations that should be taken into account.
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2

Mahrous, Mohammad Mamoun, and Abdulwahab Abdullah Al-Maamari. "Sports Arbitration Procedures and Rules in Jordanian Legislation Compared to the Court of Arbitration for Sports (CAS)." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 13, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0023.

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The research dealt with the procedures and rules of sports arbitration in both Jordanian legislation and the Court of Sports Arbitration CAS, by presenting the legal texts related to arbitration in both Jordanian legislation and the Court of Sports Arbitration CAS, to benefit from them in the development of sports legal rules within the national level. The research reached a number of results, including: Settlement of sports disputes in Jordanian legislation through the Sports Federation for Sports Activity. The jurisdiction of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in accordance with the 2021 Jordan Sports Federations Regulations can also be terminated, after all internal methods or means have been exhausted. Received: 29 March 2022 / Accepted: 30 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
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3

Mahafzah, Qais Ali, and Bernadette Hanna Numan. "The Legal Consequences of Protecting Unregistered Well-known Foreign Trademarks under Jordanian Legislation." Arab Law Quarterly 30, no. 4 (October 20, 2016): 378–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341327.

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This article distinguishes between the protection of well-known foreign trademarks and well-known national trademarks under Jordanian legislation, in particular the Jordanian Trademarks Law and the Unfair Competition and Trade Secrets Law. This article does not dispute that well-known foreign trademarks will enjoy certain privileges, whether registered or not. Rather it contends that reforming Jordanian Trademarks Law to remove vagueness in protecting well-known national trademarks may hold merit. Any legislative change, however, would need to be carefully considered in light of how well-known foreign and national trademarks generally coexist under the Jordanian Trademarks Law.
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4

ALKSEILAT, Abdullah, Hamzeh ABU ISSA, and Ayman AL-REFOU. "Criminal Protection of the Environment in Jordanian Legislation." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).01.

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Having a clean and pollution-free environment is one of the most important rights of humans. Such a right has been recognized by national and international covenants, so laws have been devoted to protecting them and preventing infringement of their components and elements, because of the importance they constitute at the level of human life. As a result of the increasing assault on the environment and the gravity of the infringement of its elements, the legislator intervened in all countries (including the Jordanian legislator), to lay down the rules regulating the protection thereof and punishing the perpetrators of environmental crimes through deterrent measures and appropriate penalties. Therefore, this research will shed light on the criminal provisions decided by the Jordanian legislator in the Environmental Protection Law No. 6 of 2017, especially in terms of the penalties decided by the legislator on the perpetrators of environmental crimes, with the aim of embodying the criminal and legal protection of the environment. As the aim of this article is to clarify and clarify the position of the Jordanian legislator regarding the penal protection of the environment, we have used the descriptive and analytical approach to reach the results. The article concluded that the Environmental Protection Law stipulated several crimes to protect the environment in its various forms, but the legislator did not put in place precautionary measures prior to the occurrence of the crime, and on the other hand, the provisions laid down by the legislator are still scattered and need a general rooting for all environmental crimes.
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5

Al-Nuemat, Ahmed Adnan. "Definition of a Registrable Trade Mark: Jordanian and UK Legislation Compared." Business Law Review 31, Issue 12 (December 1, 2010): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2010056.

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This article investigates the definition of a registrable trade mark under the existing legislation prevalent in two countries, namely Jordan and the United Kingdom. More particularly, it also focuses on the recent Jordanian Trade Marks Law amendment that complied with the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Therefore, this article has two principal aims. Initially, it examines the Jordanian Trade Marks Law’s definition of trade mark before and after the 1999 amendments and its compatibility with the TRIPS Agreement. Secondly, this article examines and analyses the kinds of trade marks the Jordanian Trade Marks Law permits the registration of. It compares these with those the UK Trade Marks Act allows. This will highlight common requirements to register and legally protect a trade mark but also reveal any significant differences in the two laws and the types of trade marks to which they grant registration. Importantly for this article, the analysis of Jordanian Trade Marks Law is consequently made in relation to one in a developed country – the UK.
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6

Al-Khazaleh, Shams El-Din Qassem. "Legal Benefit: A Comparative Study between Legislation and Islamic Jurisprudence." Journal of Politics and Law 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n4p102.

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The study dealt with the legal benefit in both: the legislations, specifically the Jordanian law, and the Islamic jurisprudence through the jurisprudence magazine. The study dealt with how to deal with the legal benefit in these legislations to reach the result of a discrepancy between these legislations and Islamic jurisprudence, it concluded that what is stated in Islamic jurisprudence is the best to apply. Results also showed the following: the Jordanian legislator did not provide for taking it into any of the unified or dual legal systems if the work is mixed, which caused a difference in the provisions of the judiciary The texts related to interest in Jordan are texts distributed between the Ottoman Murabaha system, the law of usury, the Jordanian trade law, the law of the Central Bank of Jordan, the Jordanian civil law and the Jordanian Code of Civil Procedure. All of the laws referred to above allow for the application of interest except the Civil Code, as article 640 states that: "If the loan contract provides an additional benefit to the contract, it is only to document the lender's right to the condition and validity of the contract", that is, the interest rate in loans is not considered. The provisions of the special laws referred to in respect of interest are applicable, without regard to the title of either party to the contract (that is, whether a trader or a non-trader), without regard also to the transactions of the parties to the contract by commercial transactions or related to the merchant's business needs or not related to those transactions especially considering some of the provisions of these special laws acts of banks as a commercial operation of banks and their customers.
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7

Al-Nuemat, Ahmed Adnan. "Money Laundering and Banking Secrecy in the Jordanian Legislation." Liverpool Law Review 34, no. 2 (July 18, 2013): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10991-013-9130-3.

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8

Landick, Marie. "French courts and language legislation." French Cultural Studies 11, no. 31 (February 2000): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095715580001103108.

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9

姜, 苏一. "Comment on French Marine Legislation." Open Journal of Legal Science 09, no. 01 (2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojls.2021.91020.

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10

Moerman, Sébastien. "The French Anti-avoidance Legislation." Intertax 27, Issue 2 (February 1, 1999): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi1999010.

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11

Hazaymeh, Omar, Husein Almutlaq, Mufleh Jarrah, and Adam Al-Jawarneh. "English and French Borrowed Words for Euphemism in Jordanian Arabic." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (October 28, 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p287.

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The present study aims to investigate the use of certain English and French words for euphemism in Jordanian Arabic from a sociocultural and linguistics perspective. The study based on an analytical analysis where data were collected from different places by the researcher himself, family members, informants besides taking benefit from related and similar studies. The study findings show that many English and very few French words are manipulated by Jordanian Arabic speakers to soften the effect of using Arabic direct words which have hard effect on people when they are used to describe someone or something. It also finds that the English and borrowed loanwords are used for various euphemistic domains. The study covers the English and French words that could be collected for the purpose of exploring the use them as euphemisms in Jordanian Arabic.
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12

AL-DALLY, ALLA, and HASSAN SAMI ALABADY. "The Extent of Regulation of Mixed Business in Jordanian Legislation." International Review of Management and Business Research 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 866–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/7-4(2018)-8.

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13

Mohammed, Iriqat. "Patentable Subject Matter: Comparison between French and Jordanian Laws." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research 1 (December 31, 2015): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2371-1655.2015.01.11.

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14

Costa‐Lascoux, Jacqueline. "French legislation against racism and discrimination." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 20, no. 3 (April 1994): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1994.9976435.

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15

Quillatre, î. "The French Anti-Terrorism Legislation: Toward a French Patriot Act?" European Data Protection Law Review 1, no. 1 (2015): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2015/1/10.

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16

Madi, Ramzi. "Internet Surfing in Jordan: Overviews and Monitoring." Arab Law Quarterly 26, no. 2 (2012): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302512x628350.

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Abstract This article discusses Jordanian legislation concerning Instructions for Regulating the Work of the Internet Centers and Cafés and the Bases for their Licensing for the year 2001 and its amendments.
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17

Helalat, Mohammad Ali, and Faisal Mohammad Shogairat. "The Expiration of the Financial Lease Contract: A Comparative Study between Jordanian Legislation and Egyptian Legislation." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n1p103.

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Leasing activity has proved its importance as a competitive tool of financing, especially with the growing awareness of a lot of legislations of the benefits provided by leasing as a source of funding, as well as the increasing size of projects and their need for more flexible funding sources that are more liable to respond to the requirements of profitability required by these projects. Since the financial leasing contract is in progressive development just like any other aspect of the economy through which it grows, I preferred that the subject of this research shall be on the expiration of the financial leasing contact in the Jordanian Legislation compared with the Egyptian Legislation. It is clear that a financial lease contract is similar to any other contract in terms that ends on appointed date. However, and because of the particular nature of the financial leasing contract, It differs from what is provided in the General Provisions regarding the expiration of the leasing contract since it is distinguished by the fact that it gives the lessee at the end of the term three choices: The lessee buys the leased assets, or extends the leasing contract or returns the leased asset. A common reason for ending the financial leasing contract is the termination of the contract by revoking it. If any party breaches the obligations rendered on them, the second party may terminate the contract and will be free from any obligations since the financial leasing contract is a binding contract for both parties.
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18

Atour, Rana. "Towards Globalization of Criminal Legislation: French Criminal Legislation as a Model." International Journal of European Studies 3, no. 2 (2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijes.20190302.11.

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19

Al Omran, Nayel, and Maen Al-Qassaymeh. "AUTHENTICATING ELECTRONIC ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACT AND ITS LEGAL FORCE BEFORE THE JORDANIAN JUDICIARY." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 6 (December 24, 2021): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.6.47.

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One of the outcomes of the information technology revolution is the emergence of the Internet. This international innovation, which connects people everywhere without considering the political borders, has become an important method to join parties and form contracts regardless of the distance between them. As the administrative contract is one of the transactions that may be concluded electronically, it takes an important part that should be legally regulated. Electronic writing, electronic signature, and electronic documents are important instruments for the electronic administrative contract. This electronic contract is created by special procedures through electronic certification bodies. This study explores how to authenticate the electronic administrative contract. It also examines the legal value of this contract before the Jordanian judiciary. The study engages in a descriptive analysis of the legal texts, especially Jordan’s Electronic Transactions Law, concerning the verification and authority of electronic administrative contracts. The main findings are that the Jordanian legislation limits the signature images to signing, stamping, and fingerprinting. Moreover, the Jordanian legislation gives the electronic signature, which is documented according to the specific authentication procedures. It has an evidential value exactly similar to the evidential value of the ordinary signature.
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20

Atiyyat, Taha. "The Legitimacy of the Public-Sector Employee’s Strike in the Jordanian Legislation: A Study Case." Asian Social Science 17, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n4p35.

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The national and international have endorsed the act of striking as a basic common right that is carte blanche but confined to local laws and regulations. The issue, however, has been an area of controversy; a number of countries have been diverse in their stance in terms of banning such an act or legalize I. Jordan is one of the countries which ban the public-sector employee to strike in order to ensure the public facilities and services necessary fir the citizen’s daily-life activities and needs, noting that this ban in exempted from the private-sector employees in accordance to the labour law. So many legislators have highlighted the right and obligations of the pubic-sector employee, focusing the attention on his right in striking to a great extent that might expose his right to be confined in case of a conflict with the principle of public utility. Over history, many countries have been legitimizing the right of striking for the public-sector employees because of several reasons. First, conducting a strike might be harmful for the stream of public utitlity. In addition, this act represents in a way one of the vital features of the state’s sovereignty. Despite the fact that many countries have joined the international conventions that ensure the public-sector employee, known as public official, in striking, the Jordanian legislator has not exercised this right on real grounds in the space of the employee’s profession, but he has been satisfied with the words that ban employees to strike as documented in the Civil Service Regulations. The legislator considers striking as any illegal conduct resulting in dangerous consequences and disruption in the public utility regularly and steadily. This study will tackle the legitimacy of the public-sector employees in the Jordanian law. The attention will be focused on the Jordanian teachers;’ strike as a study case with reference to the Jordanian Constitution, including the relevant bylaws and regulations, the provisions of Jordanian courts like the Constitutional Court of Jordan and the Supreme Administrative Court of Jordan.
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21

Alshakhanbeh, Khaled Abed. "Company Controller's Role as One Way to Rescue Companies under Jordanian's Insolvency Act 2018 "Comparative Study"." Journal of Politics and Law 15, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v15n1p25.

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The main objective of this article is to shed light on the new emergence on the Jordanian insolvency Act no. 21 of 2018, after it became independent from the commercial law, specifically the role of the companies general controller through the application of the provisions of this law to rescue company as much as possible from stopping running its business activates and then its insolvency. In this article, the Jordanian law was compared with English law in order to compel Jordanian legislator to benefit from other legislation, given that the Jordanian law is still recent. This article dealt with the issue of corporate rescue and the role of the company controller in starting company insolvency procedures, in accordance with the provisions of the Jordanian Insolvency Act 2018; with refer to the provisions of the UNCITRAL Insolvency Legislative Guide 2004. This article concluded that Jordanian legislator must develop a rescue culture by putting in place protection for insolvent companies, such as a moratorium and expanding the means of rescue, rather than limiting the rescue culture to the reorganization plan that is adopted by the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide of Insolvency 2004. In addition, Jordanian legislators must make some legal amendments that are in line with recommendations made by legal authorities within the framework of the company controller role in the Jordanian Insolvency Act 2018.
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22

Atwill, Nicole. "Human Cloning: French Legislation and European Initiatives." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 3 (2000): 500–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650000069x.

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The use of cloning techniques to reproduce human beings would have a dramatic impact on the individual, the society and the human species itself. Many have expressed their concern and appealed for an international ban. This article examines the French Ethics Committee's arguments for a ban on cloning, evaluates existing French legislation in the area, and enumerates European efforts against human cloning.
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23

Dyuka, A. "LEGAL REGULATIONS OF ART IN FRENCH LEGISLATION." Reproductive Medicine, no. 2(43) (June 20, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37800/rm2020-1-11.

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France is one of the rare countries which implements the fundamental mechanism for improving legislation on Bioethics. Since 1994, every five years bioethics laws are revised in order to follow medical advances (medicine), authorize new practices and impose restrictions, expressly in order to guarantee the fundamental principles laid down by the Law N94-653 of 29 July 1994 (dignity, primacy of the human person, inviolability, integrity and non-ownership of the human body and its elements). Medically assisted procreation (ART) is one of the fields under regular review. This article outlines the French law on ART and surrogacy. In spite of the fact that surrogacy is prohibited in France, the infertile couples seek surrogacy outside of the country. Over the last few years, under pressure from the ECHR and expressly to protect child interests, the French relaxed their position in order to recognize the affiliation of children born from surrogacy. The current revision of bioethical laws aims, among other things, to open up access to ART for all women (including single women and lesbian couples) and to simplify the recognition in France of the affiliation of children born by surrogacy abroad.
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24

Alazab, Saleem Isaaf. "Causality in the Crime of Willful Murder by Transmission of Coronavirusin the Jordanian Legislation." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n4p181.

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Article (326) of the Jordanian Penal Code does not differentiate between methods of willful murder. These methods include transmission of Covid-19, where such type of disease is considered contagious under Article (17) of Jordanian Public Health Law No. (47) of 2008. However, medical science has not certainly proven that the transmission of the virus to a victim is a viable method of infection that definitely causes death. This is since this result (death) might happen a long time after transmission of coronavirus to a victim. It is difficult for the legislator to draft clear provisions that take into account the various circumstances of the willful murder and its sophisticated methods. Therefore, the trial judge is required to verify the existence of the causal relationship in each willful murder case based on its relevant circumstances.
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25

Azieb, Samia, Rajai AL-Khanji, and Majid Tarawneh. "French-English Cognates in the Jordanian Foreign Language Learning Classroom: Friends or Foes?" International Education Studies 14, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v14n7p72.

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The aim of the present study is two-fold in essence. First, it aims at finding out the extent to which cognates’ recognition aids Jordanian French-English bilinguals to translate from English into French. Second, it seeks to determine if such recognition can be a good strategy in learning foreign languages. Accordingly, a Translation Elicitation Task containing cognates and false cognates was devised and given to a sample of 31 students majoring in French at both the B.A and M.A levels at the University of Jordan. Findings of the study showed that most students did benefit from their English language background, and thus cognates facilitated their comprehension of French. However, some students participating in the translation test were not mindful of the lexical differences between English and French, thus producing an incorrect interpretation of the text. The study ends with a recommendation for foreign language instructors to teach cognate recognition strategies explicitly.
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26

Alshunnaq, Mueen Fandi, Rasha Bashar Ismail Alsabbagh, and Farouq Ahmad Faleh Alazzam. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER JORDANIAN LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LAW REVIEW, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2021-3-18.

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27

Muhaidat, Mohammad, Ali M. Alodat, and Qais I. Almeqdad. "Inclusive Education Practices for Refugee Children with Disabilities in Jordanian Schools." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v12i2.201066.

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Jordanian schools have hosted thousands of Syrian refugees in the last decade. This qualitative study aimed to identify inclusive education practices used with Syrian refugee children with disabilities in Jordanian schools. Ten schools were evaluated using observation and data analysis methods and semi-structured interviews with four teachers and five refugee children with disabilities' parents. This study's results revealed that Jordanian schools lack the minimum inclusive education standards for refugee children with disabilities regarding legislation, accessibility, modifications, and accommodations. Four themes have emerged from the data, observations, and interviews' analysis that represent the main challenges facing the inclusive education practices in refugee children with disabilities schools. These themes were: schools' capacity, financial limitations, program availability, and teachers' qualifications. Finally, a set of recommendations and suggestions to enhance the best practices of inclusive education for refugee children with disabilities were provided.
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28

Aldabbas, Ali Mohamed, Kamal Jamal Alawamleh, and Worud Jamal Awamleh. "Jordan’s Commitment towards Compulsory and Free Basic Education as a Constitutional Right: An Analytical Field Study." Arab Law Quarterly 34, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 356–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-bja10049.

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Abstract This study examines the extent to which Jordan is committed to principles of compulsory and free basic education, by analyzing legislation in light of constitutional and international standards regarding the right to education. Methodology includes quantitative assessment of these principles using a questionnaire distributed to students and their teachers in a number of public schools in three Jordanian governorates. Three focus group sessions composed of students and their teachers were held. The study suggests that, whilst the Jordanian Constitution has explicitly adopted such principles, Jordanian law yet includes provisions that diminish providing free basic education to all children of compulsory age and that mitigate the number of students who drop out of school. This study proposes amending the title of Chapter II of the Constitution and Article 20 to ensure that all children living in Jordan enjoy the right to education.
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29

Mansour Al-ghananeem, Kulthoom. "The effect of obstructions in the e-commerce in electronic commerce applications: evidence from the Jordan business sector." Global Journal of Economics and Business 10, no. 2 (April 2021): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/gjeb2021.10.2.16.

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The study aimed to find out the electronic and the impact of trade obstacles in e-commerce applications in the Jordanian business sector, the concept of electronic commerce obstacles in the business sector is clarified, and these obstacles are mentioned, which are three main obstacles in this study technological obstacles, human resources obstacles, and law and legislation obstacles and to achieve this goal the study chose a component of Jordanian banks and branches society, was used questionnaire data collection tool, was distributed to the author than 100 employees in these banks sample, were retrieving 96 of them, were subjected to statistical analysis. The most important outputs of the study are a direct impact of the obstacles to e-commerce in e-commerce applications in organizations, and found the most effective human resources obstacles followed by law and legislation obstacles. Based on the results of the analysis and testing of hypotheses, show that e-commerce obstacles standards in the Jordanian business sector and of technical and technological factors, the special human resources factors, legislative and legal factors, the study recommended the need to increase the electronic awareness and culture of the Internet among the different segments of society, reduce obstacles and streamline procedures to help various community groups to get personal computers and the ability to subscribe to and use of the Internet.
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Madi, Ramzi. "Colour and Sound Marks: A Brief Overview of Civil Protection in Light of Jordanian Legislation." Arab Law Quarterly 24, no. 1 (2010): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302510x12607945807232.

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There has been much debate regarding colour and sound marks, as to whether they should be registered as trademarks and therefore protected by law. Colours and sound, like words, letters, numbers and figures, can form an important part of goods, products, or services. This article critically examines the approach of Jordanian Law on the topic of civil protection for colour marks, as an example of visible signs, and sound marks, as an example of non-visible signs. It examines the definitions of colour and sound marks and of types of colour mark, questioning whether colours and single-colour marks are protected in Jordan under the Trademarks Law, Unfair Competition and Trade Secret Law, and Civil Law, and whether sound marks are protected in Jordan. What conditions are necessary for registering colour and sound marks? Finally, the article examines the protection of sounds under the Jordanian Copyright Protection Law, as the fate of sound marks is still fraught with uncertainty.
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31

Seong-Gyu KIM. "French Legislation against Terrorism-­Perspectives on Criminal Justice­-." kangwon Law Review 54, no. ll (June 2018): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18215/kwlr.2018.54..1.

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32

Abzalova, Khurshida Mirziyatovna. "Subject Of A Crime Under French Criminal Legislation." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 03, no. 01 (January 26, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue01-10.

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This article deals with the issues of criminal liability of persons (the subject of the crime) for committing crimes under the Criminal Code of France. It is noted that the French criminal law does not contain any special chapter devoted to the subject of the crime, but provides for important provisions on the responsibility of individuals and legal entities. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that it is necessary to apply the experience of France in terms of liberalizing the responsibility of minors and introducing the responsibility of legal entities.
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33

Saleh, Isam, Malik Abu Afifa, and Fadi Haniah. "Financial Factors Affecting Earnings Management and Earnings Quality: New Evidence from an Emerging Market." ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 9, no. 1 (2020): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2020.9.1.014.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial factors on earnings management and earnings quality. Moreover, the study examines the role of earnings management as a mediator in the effect of the financial factors on earnings quality. It provides some empirical evidences from an emerging market, especially from the Jordanian market. The study uses a panel data analysis method over a ten-year period (2009-2018). The study population includes all Jordanian insurance companies listed in Jordanian market at the end of the year 2019, and the study sample consists of 20 Jordanian insurance companies (a complete population), giving a total of 200 observations for each variable. The results indicate that all financial factors in the model combined affect the earnings management and earnings quality. In addition, earnings management negatively affects earnings quality, and earnings management fully mediates the effect of financial factors on earnings quality. The study advises that policy makers ought to follow good legislation to curb the company's earnings management activities. Hence, the policy makers need to apply regulations which enrich the company’s effectiveness and efficiency whilst protecting the investors and other interested parties from risk.
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Al Sarairah, Ibraheim Saleh. "The Legal Regulation of Compensation for Consequential Damage in the Jordanian Civil Legislation." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol7iss2pp299-313.

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In legal language, damage is money paid to a plaintiff for injuries or losses suffered. It is possible that the impact of damage could extend to others who are associated or linked to the injured party and this is called ‘consequential damage’. In this specific case, the damage must be proven to be a direct and immediate consequence of the relevant fault. In fact, consequential damage is a direct harm to the other injured party. There are certain conditions that must be observed for the injured party to be compensated. These are: the injury must be directed to the original injured party, there must be a relation between the original injured party and the consequentially damaged party, and the availability of causation between the damage and the consequential damage. As to the scope of consequential damage, the paper identifies consequentially damaged parties as kinsmen and individuals who have a common financial interest. The paper explains how to file a direct claim for compensation and explains how to estimate compensation for consequential damage and the principles governing this issue. The paper also discusses problems related to consequential damage and suggests solutions to these problems.
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Madi, Ramzi. "The consumer's protection against false trade descriptions in light of the Jordanian legislation." International Journal of Intellectual Property Management 7, no. 1/2 (2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijipm.2014.062792.

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Saddam Ibrahim Abdulkhaliq Abuazzam, Saddam Ibrahim Abdulkhaliq Abuazzam. "The Legal status of international treaties in the Jordanian constitution and judiciary: مكانة المعاهدات الدولية في الدستور والقضاء الأردني." مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية 5, no. 24 (December 30, 2021): 117–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.m300321.

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This descriptive analytical legal study aimed to clarify the position of international treaties in the Jordanian constitution and judiciary by shedding light on the theoretical trends that determined the status of international treaties in comparative legislation, in addition to verifying the constitutionality of the Jordanian side's signature on some international treaties that occupied Jordanian public opinion. The study revealed that the difference of international law jurists in determining the legal status of international treaties in constitutions and positive laws resulted in three directions: the trend of the unity of the two laws, the trend of the Dual-law, and the trend of reconciling the two laws. The study also showed that the Jordanian constitution did not adopt an explicit provision for the legal status of treaties. International conventions, leaving room for jurisprudential and judicial jurisprudence that affirmed the supremacy of international treaties over domestic law. The study also found that the Jordanian legislator’s neglect of determining the legal status of treaties, and the double signature of them by the executive authority alone or in combination with the legislative authority in accordance with two conditions under Paragraph B of Article 33 of the Jordanian Constitution, has opened the door wide for controversy over any treaty to be signed by the Jordanian side, To demonstrate this, the study mentioned practical applications from international treaties signed by Jordan, namely: the Israeli Gas Supply Agreement, the Casino Agreement, and the CEDAW Agreement. In light of the results were reached, the study presented a set of recommendations that were such as issuing a law for international treaties to regulate international treaties in all the stages through which they pass, adding a constitutional text confirming the oversight role of the National Assembly over international treaties, provided that this constitutional text includes informing the National Assembly of any treaty or agreement that is concluded by Jordan.
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FREEDMAN, JANE. "Women, Islam and rights in Europe: beyond a universalist/culturalist dichotomy." Review of International Studies 33, no. 1 (January 2007): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210507007280.

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In 2004 the French National Assembly and Senate passed legislation which makes it illegal for Muslim women to wear headscarves (the hijab) within French public schools. To be precise the legislation refers to the banning of ostentatious religious symbols within the secular domain of the public school system, but is clearly aimed primarily at Muslim women, following a long-running dispute over this issue. Similar debates are taking place in other European countries such as Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain. A bill modelled on the recent French legislation has been tabled in the Belgian senate, whilst various court cases have been brought in other European countries by Muslim women who have been banned from wearing headscarves by employers or schools. Following a ruling of the German Supreme Court that a Muslim teacher should be allowed to wear a headscarf, as this did not contravene current legislation, the state of Baden-Wuerttenberg acted to introduce legislation to ban headscarves, and this legislation is likely to be copied by six other German states.
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Alshatnawi, Ehab Abdul Raheem. "Replacing Local Labors Instead of Expatriate in Jordan Tourism Sector." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 11 (April 28, 2016): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p553.

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The objective of this current study is to identify the issue of tourist expatriate labor, its effects on the touristic and economic levels, its ways of evaluation, the manner of dealing with its reasons and motivations, and the ways of replacing it with local labor. However, this labor is able to fill the gap to and from a pure Jordanian touristic product. In addition, it is able to obtain the maximum benefit from tourist activity. The results of the study revealed that the expatriate labor represents 17.6% of the total labor in the Jordanian tourist sector. Therefore, most of these labors are concentrated in hotels and tourist restaurants. Tourism is one of the Jordanian sectors that do not attract local labor, but are attractive to expatriate labor. The expatriate labor in the Jordanian tourist sector is complementary. Hence, it is not a substitute for the tourist professions. The study recommended the need to develop local tourist workers by holding courses for the Jordanian workers in the tourist hotels and restaurants. Also, training on lingual and specialized tasks which focuses on the medium university education should be provided for them. Also, vocational training corporations should be organized. This in turn fills the gap of the tourist activities that attract expatriate labor and amendment legislation and laws relating to wages and the nature of work in the tourism sector. Hence, this is aimed to attract local tourist labor.
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Меньших, Андрей, and Andrey Menshikh. "CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR ILLEGAL MONEY LAUNDERING UNDER FRENCH LEGISLATION." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 4 (October 29, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14316.

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This article is dedicated to problems of criminal responsibility for money laundering under the French legislation. The author studies the French statutes on the matter and defines the actions treated as money laundering. The author notes that financial institutions’ employees are subject to more severe penalties. The author explores the development stages of the French financial system, which is historically divided into five stages. Since money laundering has become an international crime, the author refers to some examples of France’s international cooperation, as well as mentions both international and national bodies that deal with anti-money laundering. Financial bodies are under obligation to collect data on clients and sources of their funds, control clients’ operations which enables them to detect suspicious behavior.
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Laffont, I., and R. G. Priest. "A comparison of French and British mental health legislation." Psychological Medicine 22, no. 4 (November 1992): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700038411.

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Baumann, Antoine, Gérard Audibert, Frédérique Claudot, and Louis Puybasset. "Ethics review: End of life legislation – the French model." Critical Care 13, no. 1 (2009): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc7148.

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Caroli, François. "Reform in French Legislation Concerning Psychiatric Hospitalization 1838–1990." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 48, s1 (May 1994): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.1994.tb03048.x.

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Malet-Deraedt, Fleur. "The New French Legislation on State Immunities from Enforcement." ASA Bulletin 36, Issue 2 (May 1, 2018): 332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2018029.

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The French legislative changes on State immunities fromenforcement brought by the Loi Sapin II are a compromise between the protection of State property against illegal enforcement measures, in particular through the requirement for a prior judicial authorization for such measures, and the creditors’ right to the enforcement of their claims, as provided under the European Convention on Human Rights. Creditors are now sheltered from the fluctuations in case law, as shown in particular in the NML and Commisimpex judicial sagas, but the drafting of appropriate waiver clauses remains crucial, particularly since these legislative changes have a considerable impact on the enforcement of international arbitration awards in France. Indeed, Section L.111-1-2 marks the end of the flexible approach allowed under the ruling by the Cour de cassation in Creighton, whereby waivers of immunity from enforcement could be tacitly inferred from the mere consent of the State to submit to arbitration. Nevertheless, the Loi Sapin II, as it applies to sovereign immunity, is not a comprehensive set of rules, with only three new Sections incorporated in the Code of Civil Procedures of Enforcement, and therefore still leaves room for interpretation and further developments in French case law.
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Dr. Mo’men Nayef Al-Abb`adi, Dr Ibtisam Mousa Saleh,. "The Responsibility of the Public Official in the Crime of Favoritism (Mediation) and Nepotism in Accordance with the Jordanian Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.837.

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The aim of this study was to identify the provisions related to the responsibility of the public official when violating the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law and committing the crime offavoritism (Mediation) and nepotism, by addressing the substantive provisions for this crime and indicating the general pillars, which are legal, material and moral. In addition to the element required by the legislatorwhich is having aspecific characteristic for the perpetrator, that is being a public official. It also aims to clarify the individuals involved in the crime of nepotism and the extent of the responsibility they holdaccording to the Jordanian legislator and the sanctions determined for the perpetrator. This is done by following the descriptive and analytical approach in investigating the provisions of the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law No. (13) of 2016.The problem of the study is summarized in the failure of the Jordanian legislation to clarify the concept of the nepotism crime and its pillars, as Article (16 / A / 7) of the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law merely criminalizes the acceptance of favoritism (Mediation) only.The study resulted in a number of findings and recommendations, the most important of which is amending the text that address this crime to include parties involved in favoritism (Mediation),the one who seeks favoritism (Mediation) and the mediator in the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law, and not only to criminalize the employee who accepts the favoritism (Mediation), as is the case with other crimes. Moreover, to explain the nature of the violation of rights when committing the crime offavoritism(Mediation), because the phrase “Denying justice and revoking a right” in Jordanian legislation is a loose phrase and extends to all rights.
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Benmebarek, Zoubir. "Mental health legislation in Algeria." BJPsych. International 14, no. 1 (February 2017): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000001604.

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Mental health law in Algeria originates from the French colonial era. Although several pieces of legislation deal with mental disorders, their implementation remains unsatisfactory and does not meet the real needs of healthcare providers. Amendment of the current mental health law is required to enhance the delivery of care but also to protect those with a mental disorder from abuse.
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Dr. Suhaib Ahmad Al-Manaseer, Dr Jalal Mohammad Jalal Al-Qhaiwi,. "The Public Employee’s Right in Practicing Commercial Businesses in Jordanian Legislation“A Comparative Study”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 911–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.842.

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The current study dealt with the issue of the public employee practicing the commercial businesses where it has always raised several problems among jurists. The study came to highlight the restrictions mentioned on the public employee freedom in practicing commercial businesses and the most prominent legislations adopted this direction and compared them with the ones that began to get rid of these restrictions and allowed the public employee to work in the private sector after the official working hours and allowed him to practice commercial businesses. Therefore, this study is dealt with three requirements; in the first requirement we dealt with the legal concept of the public employee where we showed the concept of the public employee in jurisprudence, law and judiciary. In the second requirement, we explained the nature of legal relationship that connects an employee with the employment administration whether it is contractualor regulatory list. Through the third requirement we dealt with the concept of a merchant and the entity of principle of preventing the public employee from practicing commercial businesses. Finally,we dealt with modern directions that adopted the principle of enabling the public employee of practicing commercial businesses and its justifications.
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Trouille, Helen. "Private Life and Public Image: Privacy Legislation in France." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 1 (January 2000): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064034.

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In October 1998, at the height of the Monicagate scandal, the publication by the French publisher Plon of a novel which recounts the adulterous relationship in the 1960s between a politician bearing a marked resemblance to Francois Mitterrand, and a journalist, provided an interesting comparison between the attitudes of the French and of the Americans to the romantic dalliances of their respective leaders. For Jeanne Dautun's work of fiction Un ami d'autrefois is most certainly no Monica's Story, and French reactions to their President's lengthy extra-marital relationship with Anne Pingeot have been at the very least understanding, if not even compassionate. In France, the small gathering of graveside mourners amongst whom Mitterrand's mistress and illegitimate daughter Mazarine took their places shocked no-one, although many an eyebrow was raised in the United States. In truth, Mitterrand manipulated the release of information about his private life all along the line, “coming clean” only progressively with his approaching death. Although the general public knew nothing of his double life, journalists had been very much aware of the existence of this second family for a great many years, but had revealed nothing. The respect of his privacy in this relationship and the reactions of fellow French politicians to his unashamed infidelity contrast sharply with the fate reserved for Bill Clinton, the indiscretions of his private life exposed in the nation's press for all to enjoy. We may ask ourselves if French journalists are perhaps more gentlemanly, less cut-throat than their Anglo-Saxon counterparts. Or are the cliches which describe latins as inveterate romantics and lovers true after all? Or are these irrational judgments supported by powerful French legislation protecting the individual's right to privacy? This article aims to examine the main texts relating to infringements of privacy in France, highlighting in particular those committed by the press against public figures and celebrities.
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Rabadi, Reem Ibrahim, and Batoul Al-Muhaissen. "An Empirical Study on Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Jordanian FFL University Students." Lebende Sprachen 63, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2018-0017.

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Abstract This study explores the use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLSs) by Jordanian undergraduate students majoring French as a Foreign Language (FFL) at Jordanian universities. The vocabulary learning strategies (Memory, Determination, Social, Cognitive, and Metacognitive) were used in this study following Schmitt’s taxonomy. A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire containing 37 items adapted from Schmitt’s (1997) Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaire (VLSQ) administered to 840 FFL undergraduates randomly selected from seven Jordanian universities. The descriptive analysis showed that the participants of the study regardless of their year of study were medium strategy users overall. The results revealed that Memory strategies were the most frequently employed strategies, whereas the Social strategies were the least frequently used ones. Although the participants were medium strategy users, the results of the VLSQ disclosed that some individual strategies were employed at a high level. Accordingly, detecting these strategies will be beneficial to language instructors to improve effective vocabulary teaching techniques and to motivate language learners to use them more frequently.
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Терновая, Ольга, and Olga Tyernovaya. "LEGAL STATUS OF MANAGEMENT BODIES IN SHARE HOLDING COMPANIES IN FRANCE AND IN RUSSIA." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 5 (December 2, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16137.

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The article reviews legal nature of joint stock companies’ corporate bodies in accordance with the French and Russian legislations. Despite the influence of Anglo-American approaches on the formation of the Russian corporate legislation, the author proposes to more actively take into account the positive experience of countries with the continental law as they are closer to the Russian juridical reality. In this context the author pays special attention to the French legislation on joint stock companies. The author notes two most powerful trends in the evolution of the French corporate legislation: on the one hand, these are major changes in the substantive legal framework for governance and relations between the participants and the company, and on the other hand — important changes in legal regulation over governance and relations between the company participants. Comparison of certain issues in the legal nature of joint stock companies’ corporate bodies (boards) in Russia and France allows making the conclusion that the French legislation regulates in more detail such topical issues as peculiarities of the joint stock companies’ governance models, powers of a sole executive body, basis for civil responsibility of persons who are part of corporate bodies of a joint stock company.
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Al-Hasan, Said, Brychan Thomas, and Ayman Mansour. "Internet Adoption and International Marketing in the Jordanian Banking Sector." International Journal of Online Marketing 6, no. 2 (April 2016): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2016040103.

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The research aims are to explore the extent of the banking sector's adoption of Internet applications in Jordan for marketing products and to identify the impact of such adoption on developing international markets. This study also aims to determine the major obstacles restraining banks marketing their products internationally through the Internet and to make recommendations conducive to an effective and optimal implementation of Internet applications for marketing bank products locally and internationally. The main research problem is the absence of a clear and comprehensive understanding of the banking sector's adoption of the Internet in Jordan to market products and services and the impact of such adoption on marketing products. It has been found that the main obstacle facing the Jordanian banking sector's adoption of the Internet for marketing its services internationally is the lack of legislation with regard to the regulation and control of e-transactions.
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