Journal articles on the topic 'Freight documents'
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1
Poliak, Miloš, and Jana Tomicová. "Transport document in road freight transport - paper versus electronic consignment note CMR." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 90, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol90.art4.
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The contract of carriage in road freight transport is regulated by the Convention on the Contract of Carriage in Road Freight Transport (CMR Convention). This Convention provides for a single accompanying document - the CMR consignment note. It is one of the most important documents in road freight transport. Since the adoption of the Convention, this paper document has accompanied the goods throughout the transport. Given that time goes on and everything is being modernized, digitized is no different in the case of a consignment note. In 2008, an Additional Protocol was adopted, which allows the use of an electronic consignment note instead of a paper consignment note. The aim of this paper is to analyze the most important document in road freight transport in its paper and electronic form. Another aim is to compare the paper and electronic consignment note, to explain the advantages of its introduction and also to explain why it is not widely used in modern times.
2
Ricardianto, Prasadja, Agus Setiawan, and Agus Pujianto. "HANDLING STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE EXPORT DOCUMENT OCEAN FREIGHT." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 2, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v2i1.131.
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PT Schenker Petrolog Utama is one of the most prominent companies in Indonesia that handle service in domestic cargo delivery. In analyzing the problems in handling Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) especially for export documents, the author uses a tree analysis consisting of problem tree, target tree, and alternative tree. The first analysis is done in the process of handling export documents. After that, analysis on the root of problem in handling export documents by using questionnaires—it successfully identifies four problems: lack of human resources, poor communication among the employees in handling export documents, computer network system which is in problem, and slow response from the customer to confirm the export documents. Subsequently, analysis on the solutions or alternative actions for those problems in handling export documents.
3
Ricardianto, Prasadja, Agus Setiawan, and Agus Pujianto. "HANDLING STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE EXPORT DOCUMENT OCEAN FREIGHT." Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v2i1.131.
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PT Schenker Petrolog Utama is one of the most prominent companies in Indonesia that handle service in domestic cargo delivery. In analyzing the problems in handling Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) especially for export documents, the author uses a tree analysis consisting of problem tree, target tree, and alternative tree. The first analysis is done in the process of handling export documents. After that, analysis on the root of problem in handling export documents by using questionnaires—it successfully identifies four problems: lack of human resources, poor communication among the employees in handling export documents, computer network system which is in problem, and slow response from the customer to confirm the export documents. Subsequently, analysis on the solutions or alternative actions for those problems in handling export documents.
4
Cheu, Kelvin, Miloš Poliak, Jana Tomicová, and Jozef Gnap. "Neutralization of CMR documents." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 83, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol83.art12.
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In 1956, there was an important step in international road freight transport. The CMR Convention, the main purpose of which was to unify the rules for the international transport of goods and thereby promote the development of international trade, was concluded. From a practical point of view, this is of great importance to both carriers and transporters. Similarly, this Convention describes the most important document for the carriage of goods and that is the consignment note CMR. In recent times, the term neutralization has been used in conjunction with this document in transport. We want to clarify the importance of this word in transport. The aim is also to find out to what extent carriers have real experience with CMR neutralization and when transporting what kind of goods the most frequent neutralization of documents is used. The purpose of this contribution is to explain what the term neutralization in transport means, because there is no legal regulation or norm to define it. This term is used mainly in chemistry. Furthermore, we would like to verify the hypothesis that the neutralization of consignment note CMR is actually used in international road freight transport and whether neutralization is only used for a particular type of goods, such as electronics. To verify the hypotheses we conducted a survey at the carriers.
5
Čamaj, Juraj, Martin Kendra, Zuzana Židová, Petr Šohajek, and Jiří Čáp. "Digitisation of Rail Transport: The Application that Delivers Faster and More Efficient Services." Transport technic and technology 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2023-0011.
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Abstract The article analyses the use of modern technologies in rail freight transport with a specific focus on the process of transferring information from transport documents through automatic identification technology. The main transport document in this context is the consignment note, where automatic identification is required. The automatic identification technologies investigated are RFID/NFC and QR code, with the analysis suggesting that QR code is more accessible and convenient in the current railway environment. However, in practice, limitations have emerged regarding the capacity of the stored information and the readability of the QR code data. It concludes that the use of modern technologies in rail freight transport brings new opportunities and increases the efficiency of information transfer associated with transport documents. Despite the advantages of QR code technology, limitations have been identified, in particular in terms of capacity and readability. The results also show that users with access to modern technologies, such as internet-enabled mobile phones or computers with internet access, are able to handle this technology efficiently, suggesting potential process improvements in rail freight transport. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of integrated technology solutions within this sectoral area and suggests that technological advances are opening up new opportunities for more efficient management and monitoring of rail transport processes.
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Gulyi, Ilia, and Elizaveta Kornienko. "Economic assessment of the effects of the introduction of digital platforms for the integration of participants in mixed (multimodal) freight transport (based on rail transport)." E3S Web of Conferences 549 (2024): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454906009.
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Purpose: to reveal and describe the functionality, main services and opportunities for participants in the transportation process (cargo owners, operators, service companies) to connect to a digital integrator – a single platform “Electronic trading platform “Freight Transportation” (ETP FT), to substantiate the methodology for the economic assessment of the effects of the introduction of digital platforms for the integration of participants in freight mixed (multimodal) transportation (based on rail transport); calculate the individual economic effects of integration on the platform for various participating parties. Methods: supply chain analysis, evaluation of time-saving effects, analysis of logical flow processes and operations. Results: a methodology has been developed to assess the economic effects of integrating transport market participants into a digital platform, which consists in evaluating individual cost savings elements for a specific platform participant, including: by converting the document flow to an electronic format, by minimizing the cost of storing paper forms of documents, the cost of shipping, forwarding documents and related cash gaps, saving time and shortening financial cycles during the transition to electronic signing of documents and acceptance of electronic forms of documents by participants. Recommendations: The materials are addressed to specialists of companies participating in the transport and logistics market, IT directors and specialists, and all stakeholders interested in the development of the digital ecosystem.
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Syahrial, Riza, Djanuri Djanuri, and Dwi Rizkyana. "SISTEM INFORMASI KEARSIPAN DOKUMEN SURAT JALAN BERBASIS WEB PADA PT OLAK KEMANG." JRIS: JURNAL REKAYASA INFORMASI SWADHARMA 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56486/jris.vol1no2.132.
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PT Olak Kemang is a company engaged in the field of freight forwarders and customs clearance. This company is one of the growing forwarder companies in Indonesia. Although the company is still developing, the company's documents are well organized and managed. One of the important sub-sections that require a document filing system at PT Olak Kemang is the travel document sub-section. Archive management of travel documents at PT Olak Kemang is still manual and stored in a special archive rack, even the softcopy is only found on the operational admin's personal computer, resulting in frequent occurrence of lost or tucked documents. The method used for collecting data or information and facts about materials that have to do with the problem to be discussed, is carried out by conducting field research with observation and interview data collection techniques. Therefore, a proposal was made on web-based document archiving to facilitate the management of PT Olak Kemang document archives
8
Ryan, Christopher. "Application of Environmental Justice Analysis in a Statewide Freight Plan." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2654, no. 1 (January 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2654-04.
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Executive Order 12898 and subsequent U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) orders require all state DOTs to complete environmental justice analyses to identify disproportionately high and adverse effects of programs, polices, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations. Many analysis techniques have emerged in practice and academic literature, but no official guidance has designated a preferred analysis approach. The passage of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act introduced a number of new freight provisions for state DOTs, including a requirement to develop state freight plans to be eligible for funding through the National Highway Freight Program. This paper reviews the existing guidance for environmental justice analyses and documents the application of this guidance to an environmental justice analysis for the Minnesota Statewide Freight System Plan. The plan provides strategies and a policy framework for statewide freight stakeholders to guide planning efforts and investments in the state freight system. The paper concludes with a discussion of further considerations, strategies, and challenges facing freight planning practitioners in future freight environmental justice analyses.
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Smolyaninov, A. V., V. F. Karmatskiy, and O. V. Cherepov. "Organizational and technological aspects of current uncoupling repair of freight railway cars." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2023): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2023-2-8-15.
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The article presents a retrospective analysis of organizational and structural transformations in the railcar industry over the past 15 years and the formation of new approaches to interaction of an infrastructure owner, carriers, operators, car repair companies in the field of operation and repair of freight railway cars. An overview of various approaches to addressing the challenges of the current uncoupling repair of railcars and their evolution over the past 15 years has been made, the opinions of competent specialists have been analyzed. The authors’ comments on the draft order prepared by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on the procedure for carrying out the current uncoupling repair procedures of freight cars, as well as on the latest changes in the governing documents of the Council for Railway Transport of the Commonwealth Member States are presented. Specific proposals are made to improve regulatory documents which have a regulatory impact on the operation and repair of freight cars.
10
Jeevan, Jagan, Loke Keng Bin, Mohamad Rosni Othman, Nurul Haqimin Mohd Salleh, Raja Somu, and Sun Ming Ming. "Cross-border freight movement between Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore." Pomorstvo 35, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.35.2.16.
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Trade plays an important role in economic growth. Thence, a smooth cross-border transaction between Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore provides a significant implication in international trade. Currently, cross-border transactions face several issues during the crossing of borders between countries and, specifically, happens during the transactions of cargo. A very rigid documentation process within the custom clearance and theresulting severe congestion will affect the trade flow in this particular zone. Inconsistency of freight transaction documents at the cross-border also makes the transaction procedure more complicated and affects the performance of the manufacturer’s competitiveness. Thus, this paper explores the current issues at the borders involving Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore. This paper also initiates to figure out the challenges and some key success factors in modelling efficiency for cross-border transactions amongst these countries. A qualitative approach has been adapted to answer the proposed research questions. The initial results stressed that congestion, thorough and repetitious documentation procedures, involvement of many documents, as well as the time-consuming clearance of documents are key issues encountered during cross-border freight movement. This situation has caused several issues such as delays in freight delivery, losses in tax collection due to delays, reluctance to share information, and effects on the competitiveness of the freight supply chain. Development in infrastructure, information sharing, regulations, logistics performance, and customs clearance procedure can overcome the problems during cross-border Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore activities. The model outcome is expected to be smoother for the administrative process during customs clearance and it is expected to be able to efficiently reduce costs.
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Dr., K. Jayapriya, and Naveen Kumar T. "A Study on Freight Forwarders’s Function with Reference to Maxxpress Logistics Pvt Ltd.,." International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 09, no. 04 (July 31, 2023): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2023.v0904.20.
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Freight forwarders typically arrange cargo movement to an international destination. Also referred to as international freight forwarders, they have the expertise that allows them to prepare and process the documentation and perform related activities pertaining to international shipments. Some of the typical information reviewed by a freight forwarder is the commercial invoice, shipper's export declaration, bill of lading and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import, or transhipment. Much of this information is now processed in a paperless environment. A freight forwarder organizes the safe, efficient movement of goods on behalf of an exporter, importer or another company or person, sometimes including dealing with packing and storage. Taking into account the type of goods and the customers' delivery requirements, freight forwarders arrange the best means of transport, using the services of shipping lines, airlines or road and rail freight operators. In some cases, the freight forwarding company itself provides the service. Companies vary in size and type, from those operating on a national and international basis to smaller, more specialized firms, who deal with particular types of goods or operate within particular geographical areas.
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Sutrisno, Niantoro, and Didit Saputro. "TINJAUAN PELAKSANAAN IMPOR COIL MELALUI FREIGHT FORWARDER PADA PT CHITA INDONESIA DI BEKASI." JURNAL LENTERA BISNIS 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v7i1.216.
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<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>This study entitled Implementation of Imports Imports Coil Through Freight Forwarder At PT Chita Indonesia In Bekasi. This research uses qualitative descriptive method in which the authors do research by way of data collection, analyze data, and describe the data systematically for easy to understand. The author presents a description of the problem based on facts, data, phenomena, and circumstances that occur when the study goes with what it is. </em></p><p><em>The purpose of this study is to know the Implementation, Obstacles and provide recommendations on Import activities conducted through a third party, namely Freight Forwarder.</em></p><p><em>From the results of this study it can be concluded that Implementation of Coil Imports using Freight Forwarder Services at PT Chita Indonesia has been running well, but it needs improvement in some activities so that problems that become constraints can be overcome. While the obstacles that occur more dominant on errors in the document. For that reason, the recommendation given is the making of SOP so that errors in the case of documents made by internal parties can be minimized, a firm stance against the freight forwarder in case of mistakes made by the freight forwarder or add another freight forwarder as the benchmark service of the freight forwarder used.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Import, Coil, Freight Forwarder</em>
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Sumarwanto, Evada Rustina, Arief Dermawan, Hening Nakuloadi, Fajar Aribowo, and Alam Setiawan. "Certificate of Origin Management in Supporting the Export Process: A Qualitative Descriptive Analysis on Marine Cargo Expeditions." Ilomata International Journal of Management 5, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61194/ijjm.v5i2.1164.
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The complexity of managing export documentation and the lack of knowledge of regulations in the importing country cause non-fulfilment of requirements and cancellation of exports. This study aims to determine the stages and the mechanism for managing certificates of origin in the export process by freight forwarding or marine cargo expedition representing the exporter. The research used qualitative descriptive methods and approaches. Data was collected by observation and documentation at two marine cargo expedition companies in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Data is analyzed and presented using a flowchart diagram. The results show that these companies manage COO documents through the eSKA website, with the completeness of filling in the basic information of exporters, consignees, route and transport, and supporting documents, including export declaration, packing list, invoice, goods, and cost structure. Overall, export documents are indispensable for international trade as they ensure goods' legal compliance and smooth flow across borders. The role of the freight forwarding company or marine cargo expedition in this process is to advise the exporter on the required paperwork, ensure compliance with relevant regulations, and communicate with the appropriate authorities to obtain the certificate. The positive implications of this research are that the administration of export documentation, particularly Certificates of Origin (COO) via the eSKA platform by marine cargo expeditions, enhances time efficiency for exporters and proves efficacious in ensuring the legal compliance of COO document handling. Moreover, COOs can yield favourable effects through preferential tariffs, thereby augmenting the competitiveness of exported goods.
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Poliak, M., and N. Yu Lakhmetkina. "Neutralization of Transport Documents in Road Transport." World of Transport and Transportation 19, no. 2 (November 13, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-2-10.
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In 1956 there was a significant step in international road freight transport – conclusion of Convention on the contract of carriage in international road freight transport (CMR Convention), the basic purpose of which was to unify the rules in the international transport of goods and thus promote the development of international trade. From a practical point of view, this was very important for both carriers and transporters. The Convention describes the most important document in the carriage of goods – the CMR consignment note.Recently, the term «neutralization» has been used in connection with the CMR consignment note, which is considered as an interference with the system of functioning of transport documents, which aims to obscure the actual movement of the consignment during transport. At the same time, neutralization of the consignment note is not so much contrary to legal norms as it can lead to undesirable consequences for carriers. For this reason, the question of whether it is possible to neutralize the CMR consignment note in accordance with the current rules and whether the neutralization of the CMR consignment note does not violate the functionality of the existing system is relevant. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the reasons and methods for neutralizing CMR consignment notes, as well as options for handling neutralized consignment notes.Considering that neutralization of the consignment note has become a relatively common practice and means the exchange of original consignment notes or transport documents with other consignment notes or transport documents, canceling the actions of the first consignment note, in the article the authors, based on their own research, identified the possibilities of using the neutralization of the CMR consignment note in practice for certain types of goods, routes of the most frequent use, as well as the risks of these procedures in road transport.
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Levin, D. Yu. "Adaptation of local work organization to modern conditions." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-1-18-26.
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The current state of the organization of local work is characterized by a large number of normative and technological documents that are developed without mutual coordination. Therefore, often the actual situation and the volume of the local work are significantly different from the normative conditions. Disadvantages of the existing organization of local work are: - performance planning of local work based on the achieved performance level of technical tasks cumulative from the beginning of the month without taking into account the real capabilities of stations and freight fronts; - criteria for shunting work does not take into account the use of loading and unloading capabilities of freight fronts; - evaluation of the effectiveness of local work organization does not take into account the final results of freight operations. The end result of local work should be the maximum volume of loading and unloading. The criterion for organizing local work is the optimal working conditions for freight fronts, when, by the time the freight operations are completed, the station has cars for the next timely delivery. The task of operational planning for local work in a mathematical formulation is formulated in terms of the distribution of flows on graphs. The developed algorithm for performing calculations leads to ranging the flow of car arrival to the station to ensure the maximum possible amount of freight work, and also determines the required schedule for its arrival. An operational plan for the transportation of local cars to stations and its supply to freight fronts is being developed as a result of automation of operational planning of local and freight work.
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Wide, Per, and Violeta Roso. "Information on Resource Utilisation for Operational Planning in Port Hinterland Transport." Transactions on Maritime Science 10, no. 2 (October 21, 2021): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v10.n02.w02.
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To meet increased freight flows through maritime ports, a high level of resource utilisation in hinterland transport is of crucial importance. However, various perspectives on resource utilisation create issues with use of information for operational decisions in port hinterland. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of information related to resource utilisation for operational planning in port hinterland freight transport to facilitate its improvement. The study is case-based, and the data is collected through semi-structured interviews, visual observations, and company documents. The findings are analysed with a framework built from literature emphasising different resource utilisation perspectives and the use of information in road freight transport chain decisions. The findings show that the use of information on resource utilisation in operational freight transport decisions in the port hinterland transport system is limited and lacks a complete system overview. Instead of the information on measured parameters, different types of estimates of efficiency parameters (including resource utilisation) are commonly used for operational planning decisions. The information about the measured indicators has to be combined with other information to obtain an efficient level of resource utilisation; otherwise, it could generate incorrect assumptions regarding utilisation. The paper contributes to the topic of operational freight transport planning by describing the use of information on resource utilisation.
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Berestov, Ihor, Oksana Pestremenko-Skrypka, Hanna Shelekhan, and Tetiana Berestova. "Digitalization of the Processes of Customs Control and Customs Clearance of Goods in Railway Transport." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 2, no. 5(36) (2022): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2022.5(36).2.291-298.
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The article is devoted to the research of proposals on the organization of rational customs control, processing and passing of trains at the border transfer stations of Ukraine in the service international traffic. For quality work and fast processing of cars there is a need to improve the information component of the transportation process export and import freight flows through border transmission stations. This possibility is provided by the use of electronic declaration during the registration of international cargo operations. International transportation of goods is a necessary detail that makes it possible to realize trade relations between states. It is an effective tool of foreign economic activity, without which it would be almost impossible. The efficiency of the organization international cargo transportation significantly depends on the coordinated organization of the work the border transfer station, which carries out a complete list of operations in cooperation with customs, border and other state control services. In order to increase the technology of passing international freight flows through border transfer stations, it is necessary to introduce the latest information and control systems that will reduce the duration of train processing at border transfer stations and, as a result, reduce downtime and delayed cars. Research on the development of technologies and means electronic data exchange that provide information support for international cargo transportation is promising. The electronic data exchange system must comply with the international transport infrastructure, be based on agreed technical parameters and meet the needs of compatibility of transportation technologies as a criterion for the integration of the national transport system into the world system. It is proposed to carry out preliminary declaration of goods and processing transport documents before the departure of the train to the border transfer station to reduce the technological time of processing trains. This will reduce the processing time of the transit train by 105 minutes. The main advantages of the introduction electronic document management: simplification of document management; making effective management decisions; increasing the reliability of the processed information, reducing the downtime of cars. Thus, the introduction of the system pre-declaration of goods and processing of transport documents in the processing international freight traffic will reduce material and labor costs and speed up the passage of goods through customs clearance.
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Bogdanovich, Alesya, and Alina Saidova. "Assessment of the influence of irregularities and the model of the rail track on the dynamic qualities of a freight car." Bulletin of scientific research results 2024, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2024-02-29-41.
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Objective: compare the requirements of documents RD 32.68-96 and PNST 511-2020 regarding the assignment of unevenness of rail threads during computer modeling of railway crews. To evaluate the influence of irregularities and the model of the rail track on the dynamic qualities of a freight car when moving along straight and curved sections. Methods: a review and analysis of various standards for calculated track irregularities (RD 32.68-96 and PNST 511-2020), as well as an assessment of the influence of the rail track model on dynamic qualities of a freight car, allowed to form the most representative calculation cases for modeling the movement of a railway carriage along a track of various designs (straight, curved sections) and conduct a study of the dynamics of a freight car in a specialized environment the Universal Mechanism software package. Results: a comparison of different regulatory documents used in the Russian Federation and the current standards for calculated track irregularities has been carried out. Computer modeling methods have been used to obtain histograms of various indicators for a universal gondola car mounted on bogies of model 18-100 when moving along a path of various designs. Practical importance: the obtained results of the work can later be used to develop the theoretical foundations of the national standard on railway track irregularities for modeling the movement of rolling stock.
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Loesch, Robert M., Michael D. Drieu, Craig Moffatt, and Leonard Rich. "RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES' VISCOUS OIL-PUMPING AND LIGHTERING CAPABILITY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 1341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1341.
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ABSTRACT From 1994 to present, the U.S. Coast Guard National Strike Force (NSF) responded to three major oil spills involving foreign freight vessels grounding that required the removal of highly viscous oil using various lightering equipment and systems. In the fall of 1999, an informal workgroup sponsored by Commandant (G-SEC-2C) and consisting of U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Navy Supervisor of Salvage (NAVSUPSALV), and industry oil spill response and salvage representatives from around the world was formed. This group came together to resolve viscous oil-pumping problems that occurred during the tank barge Morris J. Berman (1994), freight vessel Kuroshima (1998), and freight vessel New Carissa (1998) groundings. This paper documents the workgroups results from September 1999 to June 2000 and provides an actual response case study where recent response improvements resulting from this effort were applied successfully to a train derailment in Shawmut, Maine.
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Kurganov, V. M., M. V. Gryaznov, and A. N. Dorofeev. "Vehicle speed standards in transportation planning using electronic shipping manifests." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2023): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2023-2-84-95.
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The development of digital technologies unveils prospects for paperless document management in road transport, which is confirmed by a pilot project on the use of an electronic shipping manifest and a bill of lading. It is important to use the shipping manifest not only as a digital document, but also as a specialized software tool for calculating planned and actual performance indicators of vehicles as part of the enterprise management information system. An algorithm is proposed for constructing the information system for managing transport activities using electronic waybills, which are used as software for calculating planned performance indicators of vehicles and summarizing the results of transportation. The established standards and legal documents regulating the transfer of document flow in the field of road freight transportation to electronic basis are given. The importance of reasonable standards of average technical speed and idle time of vehicles at loading and unloading points for scheduling the performance of freight trucks on routes is illustrated. The factors influencing the value of the average technical and operational speed of a vehicle during transportation are studied and systematized, recommendations on establishing of their regulatory standards are given, formulas for calculating quantitative values are provided. Based on the specified standard of average technical speed, the calculation of the radius of cargo delivery during the day in intercity communication is demonstrated.
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Krześniak, Miroslaw, Marianna Jacyna, Mariusz Wasiak, Michał Lasota, and Róża Wawryszczuk. "Technical, legal, and business conditionings of the functioning of rail operators in the freight transport market." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 135 (December 1, 2022): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6871.
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In the article, the authors presented the technical, technological, legal, and business conditions of the functioning of rail freight transport in the international transport market. The authors analyzed the literature, considering this area's most important national and international normative documents. An essential element of the considerations is the presented schematic concepts of models for various forms of rail freight transport. The main ways of organizing freight transport at the eastern border were also indicated. The reasons for barriers that negatively affect the competitiveness of rail transport with other modes of transportation, especially in international transport, were shown. The rail transport market has undergone many changes recently, including investments in railway infrastructure, the growing importance of intermodal transport, and support for a more sustainable transport system. The article indicates the reasons for the occurrence of barriers that negatively affect the possibilities of further development of railways and the competitiveness of rail transport with other modes of transportation, especially in international transport.
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Vlasova, N. V., and V. A. Olencevich. "The effectiveness of the formation of new digital services of JSC “Russian Railways” for the registration of transportation documents in the field of freight transportation." Post–Soviet Continent, no. 2 (June 10, 2024): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/23116412_2024_2_97.
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In recent years, the sector of freight and commercial work in railway transport has undergone global changes in the field of customer orientation. The purpose of the presented scientific research is to assess the formation of new digital services and services of JSC Russian Railways for the registration of transportation documents, the provision of contactless digital formats, which have become the main tool for interaction between the client, the rolling stock operator and the carrier. The algorithm of acceptance of empty and loaded wagons for transportation in digital format is presented, the relevance of the formation of new digital services of JSC “Russian Railways” for registration of transportation documents in the field of freight transportation is proved. The feasibility study for the reception of empty and loaded wagon traffic to the transportation process in the “Digital transceiver” format with the organization of combining professions is calculated in advance, using the example of the operation of the railway station of the Eastern Polygon of railways and adjustments are allowed in the process of implementing a similar design solution for other facilities.
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Febrianto, Dedi, and Fajria Fatmasari. "How can handling customers’ complaints make freight forwarding companies resilient to future challenges?" SOSIOHUMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 10, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/sosio.v10i1.15598.
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It is unquestionably impossible to separate the complexity of freight forwarding tasks in managing export-import documents from the issues that lead to customers' complaints. For this reason, this study is conducted to deeply investigate the forms of customer complaints at freight forwarding companies, the complaints handling strategies used, as well as explore the service recovery generated after complaints. It involved four freight forwarding companies in DKI Jakarta province. The staff who handled customer complaints from each company was asked to fill out a complaint sheet whenever the complaints were addressed for two weeks. Interviews with each staff were conducted to confirm data from the sheet and also to further explore the company’s complaint-handling strategy and service recovery. The data were analyzed descriptively by reading the complaints sheets and the interview transcription several times, coding the emergent themes, and categorizing them. The results showed that the customers’ complaints belong to four categories, namely complaints related to time, documents, costs, and means of transportation. The strategy for handling customer complaints varied based on the media used to address complaints. The strategy for handling complaints addressed orally via a phone call was apologizing, finding out the source of the problems, as well as giving explanations and solutions. However, complaints addressed in written form via email and WhatsApp messages were handled by directly addressing the problem and then informing the customer. This research indicated that companies need to make continuous service recovery by improving problematic side areas in order to increase customer retention.
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Collaço, Flávia Mendes de Almeida, Ana Carolina Rodrigues Teixeira, Pedro Gerber Machado, Raquel Rocha Borges, Thiago Luis Felipe Brito, and Dominique Mouette. "Road Freight Transport Literature and the Achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals—A Systematic Review." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063425.
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Considering the importance of the road freight transport sector on the sustainability debate, the purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the road freight transport literature to provide key information on the role that this field of knowledge must play in contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To accomplish this, we performed a state-of-the-art review via systematic literature on 86 documents published during 2015–2020, with an emphasis on environmental, economic, and technical studies. Ultimately, this paper seeks to uncover research gaps and to suggest means in which the freight transport literature and the 17 SDGs may be faced by this field in future studies. the results showed that the SDGs were not target by the analyzed papers, and the sustainable development goals were not quoted at all. The only SDG fully contemplated was number 7—affordable and clean energy. The findings of this study suggest that this field should add research of SDGs 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 17 as priority areas to be further developed by the RFT literature to achieve SDGs goals.
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Gavrilenko, Natalia Gennadevna. "Principles of strategic management for the development of the road transportation system." SHS Web of Conferences 101 (2021): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110102002.
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Strategic development of freight road transport in the Russian Federation requires formation of reliance on fundamental economic theory, the absence of which, as of today, according to a number of well-known economists, is the main cause of emerging difficulties in formation and implementation of strategic documents in Russia. Such documents would include Transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, and therefore, of special importance is the task of clarifying the key principles for strategic management of the development of the road transport system. The article reviews and substantiates the principles of: “consistency”, “digitalization”, “openness”, “established development trajectory”, “variety of development paths”, “hierarchy of management”, “increasing complexity of motivation”, “awareness” and “feedback”.
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Brzhezovskiy, A. M., O. A. Krasnobaev, A. V. Spirov, and I. E. Il’in. "On the permissible speeds of empty freight cars mounted on 18-100 model bogies." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-2-65-75.
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Problem of ensuring motion safety of empty freight cars is most acute in relation to cars on bogies of model 18-100, which is mainly due to operational wear of wheelsets, side frames and bolsters, as well as spring suspension elements. A potential threat to traffic safety arises when a train, composed of mostly empty and lightly loaded cars, moves along track sections that have deviations in the geometry of rail track of III and higher degrees or combinations and sequences of deviations of II degree. The article presents the main results of complex studies: mathematical modeling of the dynamic interaction of the track and empty freight cars of various types of bogie wear based on the Universal Mechanism software and field tests of cars on measuring sections of tangent, easement and circular curves with a radius of 350, 650, 800, 1000 and 2050 m on the section Belorechenskaya — Maykop of the North Caucasian railway. Dynamic qualities and motion stability of empty freight cars of various types are investigated depending on the parameters of the technical condition of the running gears and the deviations of the geometry of the rail track of II and III degrees of various types and combinations when moving in tangent and curved track sections. Authors provide tables and graphs of the dependences of indicators of dynamic qualities and motion stability of universal empty freight cars of various types on the motion speed in tangent sections of the track and circular curves of various radii and easement curves containing artificial deviations of the geometry of the rail track, most negatively affecting traffic safety. Recommendations are given for correcting the regulatory documents of the Russian Railways, which regulate the permissible speed of motion of empty freight cars, depending on the technical condition of the running gear.
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Lonchakova, Yulia A. "Dispute Resolution under the Contract of Freight Forwarding: Judicial Practice." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 11 (November 29, 2023): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.11.37.
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The article examines various cases of disputable judicial practice, which are related to the fulfillment of obliga-tions under the forwarding contract. Specific precedents are analyzed, in which the leading role is played by: competent execution of documents, verification of the condition of the cargo upon receipt and transfer, sending claims and strength of evidence when filing a lawsuit. In each case, specific examples from the practice of the arbitration court are given. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that disputes in the sphere of freight forwarding usually arise in relation to the clauses of the contract concerning payment for services and cargo safety. At the same time, judicial practice on freight forwarding contracts is varied and depends on the specific circumstanc-es of each case, including the quality and scope of the evidence presented, as well as on the nature of the par-ties’ actions.
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Zverev, Mihail, Aleksey Komaydanov, and Anatoliy Smirnov. "Refined Test Procedure for the Parking Brake of Freight Cars." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 20, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-448-456.
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Purpose: A refined test procedure for the parking brake of freight cars is described, which simultaneously satisfies the requirements of two regulatory documents: GOST 26686-96, which establishes the moment applied to the handle (steering wheel) of the parking brake, not more than 300 N, at which a single freestanding loaded car on a slope of at least 30‰ must be retained, and GOST 34434-2018, which sets the design (test) moment of force applied to the parking brake handle at 100 N∙m. Methods: Stage-by-stage processing of test results is carried out: initially, the average values of pressing force and the actual pressing force on a single brake block is determined. Then the coefficient of friction between the blocks and the wheel and the maximum slope of the track, on which the railway rolling stock is retained by the parking brake, are calculated. The solution of the problem is based on the iteration method, which must be applied twice: at the first stage, in order to find the value of the total pressing force on the brake blocks from the action of the parking brake, taking into account that the maximum slope of the track, on which the train is retained by the parking brake, equals 30‰, then at the second stage, such a value of the moment on the parking brake drive shaft is selected so that the value of the required pressing force on the brake blocks from the action of the parking brake is the same as with the maximum slope of the track id = 30 ‰, after which the obtained results are evaluated and compared with the normative values. Results: An updated method for testing the parking brake of freight cars has been developed. Practical significance: The application of this technique will allow taking into account the requirements of two regulatory documents at the same time preventing their contradiction.
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Brorsson, Kjell-Åke Allan. "Air freight in the Stockholm region with focus on Eskilstuna Airport." Journal of Airline and Airport Management 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jairm.45.
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyse the conditions for commencing air freight operations at the regional Eskilstuna Airport in Sweden, which require investments in airport infrastructure of at least SEK 140 –180 million.Design/ methodology: The qualitative data collection for the study was carried out through open-ended interviews with representatives of airport management, staff, representatives of residents, and actors and stakeholders in the field. In addition, much written material was collected from different authorities. Document analysis was used to systematically evaluate and review the collected documents. Content analysis was applied to organize collected data into categories. Based on the reports, decisions, environmental scanning and interviews, the data have been coded and categorized in tables via thematic analysis.Findings: The major findings of the study are that Eskilstuna Airport lacks cargo facilities and has limited apron space, and that there is strong competition from four other airports in the Stockholm region. The prospects for permanent air freight operations at Eskilstuna Airport are therefore not favourable in the current situation. However, if the development of Eskilstuna Logistics Park and the concept of inter modal highway-rail transportation are successful, they could serve as a major driving force for the development of air cargo. Furthermore, with sustainable development as a guiding principle, there is great potential to develop an airport with a high standard of environmental profile.Originality/ value: My findings are of great value to managers of airports and cargo airlines, as they highlight some of the competition aspects associated with engaging in air cargo at regional airports. The study fills a gap in existing research whose main focus is environmental issues concerning airports in general.
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Gansukh, Ulziinorov, Xu Ming, and Syed Ahtsham Ali. "Analysis of the Current Situation of Mongolian Railway and Its Future Development." International Business Research 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n5p119.
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The purpose of this article is to contribute the conceptual knowledge of the railway policy issue in Mongolia. The paper presented an overview of the current transport situation of Mongolian Railway. It analyzes the statistical indicators of freight and passenger traffic as well as capability analysis of the railway transport. Moreover, it highlights its further development prospects and its importance for country’s economic. In last but not least, it formulates the future prospects of sustainable development of railway sector.Findings of this research are: a) by analyzing statistic data the high correlation (R=0.87) between GDP and freight transportation of Mongolia has been confirmed. The type of cargo analyzed and the economically efficient type of cargo within Mongolia has been highlighted. b) The GDP and passenger turnover has a very weak relationship. c) In the regional context, Mongolia’s transport statistics main indexes performance somewhat in the middle and there has room to increase the freight operation in the future.The research method is based on the analysis of strategic documents, secondary data, including statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office in Mongolia, Statistical Office in UBTZ (Ulaanbaatar Railway Mongolian-Russian Joint-stock Company), OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) official site, International Union of Railway (UIC) official site and World Bank official site.
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Milos Poliak, Jana Tomicova, Marek Jaskiewic, Pawel Drozdziel, and Natalia Lakhmetkina. "Identification of Neutralization of the CMR Documents in European Union Conditions." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.4.28-34.
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Year 1956 was an important year for international road and freight transport. By this year Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) was made. The basic purpose of the Convention was to unify the rules in the international carriage of goods and thereby promote development of international trade. From the practical point of view, this was very important for both carriers and transporters. This Convention also describes the most important document in the international carriage of goods, which includes the consignment note of CMR as well. Recently this document is often associated with the term neutralization. Objective of this article was to clarify the meaning of this phrase in transport. In addition, the aim was to find out in what range carriers have real experience with neutralization of the consignment note of the CMR during the transport, for what types of goods and on what types of routes is the neutralization being used the most.
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Romanov, A. V., and A. A. Kiselev. "Technical and legal regulation of urban railways." BRIСS Transport 2, no. 3 (October 25, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2023.3.4.
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The article deals with the issues of legal and technical regulation of railway transport infrastructure facilities in cities and urban agglomerations. An attempt was made to determine the legal status of such objects.The features of such railways are considered, the need for highlighting regulation of urban railways is indicated. It is proposed to initiate work on establishing the priority of passenger transportation over freight in the territory of cities and urban agglomerations.Possible ways to solve the stated problem are proposed, consisting in several measures, including the definition of a list of regulatory documents that prevent the allocation of a separate regulation of railway transport in cities and urban agglomerations, conducting relevant scientific research and preparing proposals for amending regulatory documents.
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Maranatha Kezya Beauty Caesaria Asah and Oryza Tannar. "Analisis Kekurangan dan Kelebihan Pembayaran PPN pada Perusahaan Jasa Freight Forwarding PT. Kemasindo Cepat Surabaya." Small Business Accounting Management and Entrepreneurship Review 3, no. 2 (August 5, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.61656/sbamer.v3i2.80.
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This study aims to analyze the underpayment or overpayment of Value Added Tax (VAT) in the freight forwarding services of PT. Kemasindo Cepat Surabaya. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. Data was collected through direct observation of the VAT reporting process, and analysis of documents related to taxation. The results of the study show that the VAT reporting process in the freight forwarding services of PT. Kemasindo Cepat Surabaya involves several stages, including collecting transaction data, calculating VAT, preparing VAT reports, and reporting to the tax authorities. There are several challenges faced, such as errors when creating e-billing, overpayment before reporting, and over or underpayment due to corrections. This can be overcome by having good communication ties between the finance and accounting team, tax team, marketing team, and customers. This research provides an impetus for companies to improve supervision and monitoring of their taxation processes so that incidents of over or underpayment of VAT can be minimized.
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KARGINOVA-GUBINOVA, V. V. "INCREASING THE ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDSHIP OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT BASED ON STAKEHOLDERS’ CONFLICTS OF INTEREST." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 18, no. 2 (2023): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2023-18-2-147-165.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the current sustainability level of freight traffic in Russia and, in particular, in the Republic of Karelia and the emerging conflicts of interest in transport sector “greening”. This work is based on the data of statistical agencies, examinations of various types of freight transport and the results of approbation of transport models of previously conducted studies. There were used the methods of descriptive statistics, regulatory and content analysis of legislative and strategic documents, the case study method and cartographical method. In the course of work, there were determined the prevalence of various types of freight traffic, their impact on the environment and the monetary and non-monetary costs associated with them. It has been carried out a comprehensive assessment of the directions for improving the environmental characteristics of freight transport and their impact on changes in economic and consumer indicators. It is shown that for now there is no understanding on the market which of the directions of “greening” is advanced. The scientific novelty was the establishment that the improvement of the environmental characteristics of freight traffic leads to the transformation of their consumer value and the emergence of conflicts of economic, environmental, and in a number of territories, social interest, and this significantly limits the transition of companies to building sustainable supply chains. To the greatest extent the improvement of consumer qualities occurs with the railway transport “greening”, in respect of other types there are reduced the limits of use in time and range. The potential of transportation accelerating by water transport without compromising its environmental performance is significantly limited. The developed recommendations for improving the sustainability of freight transport and the shown need to take into account conflicts of interest of actors to ensure the environmental, economic and social security of territories are of practical value. This article is prepared as a part of the state assignment by the Karelian Research Centre of RAS «Comprehensive Research and Development of the Fundamentals of Sustainable Development Management of the Northern and Border Zones of Russia in Global Challenges».
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Tumanov, M. A. "FREIGHT RAIL CAR FLEET: ANALYSIS OF CONDITION AND PROSPECTS." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-16.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article deals with main results of the restructuring of railways in Russian Federation, analyzes dynamics of performance of rail operations under the impact of relevant factors, international (European and North American) models of organization of freight rail transportation, Russian experience, possible guidelines for enhancement of business processes referring to management of freight rail car fleet. The author’s conclusion is that holding company Russian Railways has acquired a huge regulative basis and numerous technical and technological tools to organize efficient transportation process that provides for the requirements of all the actors within the country as well as in the world transportation and logistics market. Meanwhile it is necessary to create effective technological logistics within the market of freight rail transportation provided the conditions of existence of multiple owners of rolling stock and limited infrastructure capacity of the JSC Russian Railways. Keywords: railway, freight car fleet, privatization, productivity, idle hours, empty runs, management, technology, logistics. REFERENCES 1.Lemeshko, V.G., Shapkin, I. N. Innovative technologies in rail transport (theory, practice, prospects) [Innovacionnye tehnologii na zheleznodorozhnom transporte (teorija, praktika, perspektivy)].Moscow, VINITI RAS publ., 2012, 446 p. 2.Kuzhel, A.L., Shapkin, I.N., Vdovin, A.N.A new approach to management of car flows [Novyj podhod k upravleniju vagonopotokami].Zheleznodorozhnyj transport, 2010.Iss.10, pp.74-77. 3.Organization of transport and logistics unit of Deutsche Bahn «DB Schenker» [Organizacija raboty transportno-logisticheskogo bloka nemeckih zheleznyh dorog «DB Schenker»].Access: http://www.dbschenker.com/file/ ho-en/2503506/ynZtmcj6R5x1BEexvhjfjjWbJ oM/2503548/data/td_dbs_rail.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 4.Information Guide of US Railway Administration [Informacionnyj spravochnik Administracii zheleznyh dorog SShA].Access: https://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0362.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 5.Report of the European Railway Agency [Otchet ERA].Access: http://www.era.europa.eu/Document- Register/Documents/ECM-guide%20V1%20-%20ERA-GUI-100.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 6.Website of freight company «CSX» USA.Access: http://www.csx.com/index.cfm/customers/intermodal/.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 7.Information about the company Russian Railways Logistics, a subsidiary development strategy [Informacija o kompanii RZhD Logistika, strategija razvitija dochernej struktury].Access: http://www.rzdlog.ru/about/ responsibility/.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 8.Information on development of transport logistics unit of JSC Russian Railways [Informacija o razvitii transportno logisticheskogo bloka kompanii OAO «RZhD»].Access: ht tp://cargo.rzd.ru/stat ic/publ ic/ru? STRUCTURE_ID=5177.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 9.Kokin, A.S., Levikov, G. A. International freight forwarding [Mezhdunarodnaja transportnaja ekspedicija].Moscow.Delo publ., 2005, 448 p. 10.Heller, Robert J.Managing change.DK Publishing Inc.N.Y., 1998, 72 p. 11.Marchenko, V. M. Theory and methodology of management of transport systems in organization of transportation of import goods in transit [Teorija i metodologija upravlenija transportnymi sistemami pri organizacii perevozok importnyh tranzitnyh gruzov].Abstract of D.Sc.(Economics) thesis.Moscow, 2006, 48 p. 12.Gershvald, A. S. Research and development of optimization of operational management of freight transportation on the railways of Russia [Issledovanie i razrabotka problemy opt imizaci i operat ivnogo upravlenija processom gruzovyh perevozok na zheleznodorozhnom transporte Rossii].D.Sc.Eng.thesis.Moscow, 2001, 520 p . 13.White Paper Innovative Rail Freight Wagon 2030.Access: https://www.schienenfzg.tu-berlin.de/ fileadmin/fg62/Dokumente/Downloads/White_Paper_ Innovative_Rail_Freight_Wagon_2030.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 14.Federal law «Charter of Railway Transport of the Russian Federation» dated 10.01.2003 № 18-FZ (ed.06.04.2015) [Federal’nyj zakon «Ustav zheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossijskoj Federacii» ot 10.01.2003 № 18-FZ (red. ot 06.04.2015)]. 15.Sharov, V.A., Borodin, A. F.Integrated technology of scheduled control of freight trains traffic [Integrirovannaya technologiya upravelniya dvizheniem gruzovyh poezdov po raspisaniyu].Zheleznodorozhnyi transport, 2010, Iss.8, pp.11-12. 16.Avetikyan, M. A.System of train traffic control in restructuring environment [Systema upravlenija dvizheniem poezdov v usloviyah strukturnyh preobrazovanij].Zheleznodorozhnyj transport, 2010, Iss.9, pp.8-16.
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EmirCelik, M. "The Status of CIF Contracts between the Sale of Goods and the Sale of Documents." Frontiers in Law 2 (November 15, 2023): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2817-2302.2023.02.14.
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The intricate nature of international trade is encapsulated in the complexities of CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) contracts, which stand at the intersection of the sale of goods and the sale of documents. This paper seeks to dissect the pivotal roles played by documents and goods within CIF contracts and to ascertain whether these contracts are more accurately defined as sales of documents rather than sales of goods. By examining legal cases and dissecting the contractual obligations of parties involved in CIF contracts, this study aims to shed light on the essence of these contracts in the context of international law and trade practices.
The research is divided into four main parts. Initially, it analyzes the duties of parties and the role of CIF documents in the sale of goods. The second part delves into the implications of documents and goods concerning the transfer of risk and property, probing into the critical claim of documents. The third part scrutinizes the buyer's right to refuse the documents or the goods, and which aspect takes precedence. The fourth part evaluates the claim that CIF contracts made en route are essentially 'sales of documents'.
This study culminates by presenting arguments on the nature of CIF contracts, weighing the significance of documents against the goods themselves. Despite the increasing tendency to use documents to represent physical goods in trade, this paper concludes that CIF contracts inherently constitute contracts for the sale of goods. It highlights the distinctive rights related to the rejection of either documents or goods, thereby reinforcing the primacy of the actual goods over their documentary representations in CIF contracts.
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Antipin, Dmitriy, Svetlana Ashurkova, Denis Bondarenko, and Marina Manueva. "DESIGN FOUNDATION OF A COVERED FREIGHT CAR WITH AN INCREASED LOADING SPACE." Transport engineering 2024, no. 6 (June 15, 2024): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2024-6-50-60.
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The market of covered freight cars, as well as existing designs of this car type of domestic and foreign production is analyzed. Promising trends of making innovative designs of freight cars for the transportation of piece and container goods are found out. The original design of a covered freight car with an increased body space due to the use of the space between trucks is proposed. To reduce the complexity of loading and unloading operations, sliding sections of the side walls and roof are provided in the car design. To confirm the compliance of the proposed design with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents, the car was entered into the dimension, checking for automatic coupling at the junction of a straight line and a curve, passage in the coupling of an s-shaped curve and coupling of a straight line and a curve, and a single car along a circular curve of a small radius, as well as passing without self-decoupling of the hump of the sorting slide, the ramp exit of the train ferry. A safety assessment is carried out with regard to rolling the wheel onto the rail and overturning the car in curves. The car dynamic characteristics are found out by mathematical modeling methods. The assessment of the strength of the body load-bearing structure, lifting mechanisms of the floor sections, sliding sections of the roof and side walls is performed using the finite element method implemented in the environment of a specialized software package. The results obtained as a result of calculations and computer modeling confirmed the operability and safety of the proposed design of a covered freight car with an increased loading space.
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Ebzeev, A. A., O. A. Sudorgin, O. A. Nesterchuk, and V. G. Ivanov. "The impact of politics on transport system of the Russian Federation." UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 11, no. 2 (July 25, 2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-2-35-44.
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The article presents a detailed analysis of the impact of policy on the transport system of the Russian Federation. The main directions of state policy related to transport are studied, considering both global trends and regional characteristics. The article pays special attention to safety issues, environmental aspects and meeting the needs of passengers and cargo carriers. The impact of political decisions on creating a safe transport environment, preventing accidents and reducing the number of victims is analyzed. Meeting the needs of passengers and freight carriers is considered an important aspect of transportation policy development and implementation. The article also discusses the main regulatory documents governing transportation infrastructure in Russia, including federal laws and government resolutions. These documents establish rules and requirements for the development and operation of transportation infrastructure, as well as regulate the activities of transportation companies and organizations. The paper also examines the impact of policy on the transportation infrastructure of two major cities in Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg. These cities have complex transportation systems with high passenger and freight volumes. Based on the analysis, conclusions are formulated to assess the results of policy influence on the development of the transportation system in Russia. These include evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions, meeting their objectives, identifying problems and making recommendations for improving transport policies. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the importance of developing and implementing sound transportation policies to create a modern, efficient, and sustainable transportation system in Russia that can meet contemporary challenges and societal needs.
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Volokhov, Grigoriy Mikhaylovich, and Gadzhimet Isamedinovich Gadzhimetov. "On assessment of fatigue strength of freight car structures for high-speed trains." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-36-40.
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The paper presents results of analysis of statements of relevant methods on assessment of fatigue strength of loadbearing structures of cars, locomotives and motive-coach rolling stock. It also discusses methods that are established by regulatory documents supporting technical regulations of the Customs Union and European standards. The authors have carried out an analysis of methods of both rolling stock tests on the line and rig tests of load-bearing structures. During the analysis they revealed strong and weak points of the existing methods for assessing fatigue strength. As a result, methodical approaches to assess fatigue strength of load-bearing structures of freight cars for high-speed trains were proposed.
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Rustina, Evada, Sumarwanto, Amanda Eka, and Sri Sayekti Lestari. "Peranan Freight Forwarder Dalam Jasa Pengiriman Barang." Jurnal Sains Teknologi Transportasi Maritim 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51578/j.sitektransmar.v4i2.56.
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The purpose of this study are to determine the role of Forwarding PT. Dunia Trans Persada in the process of exporting glassfibre reinforced cement, to know the process of handling the export of glassfibre reinforced cement commodities using, and to know how to overcome obstacles experienced during the Export Handling Process of Glassfibre reinforced cement commodities. The method in this study uses qualitative descriptive research methods Data collection techniques are divided into 3 methods, namely observation methods, documentation methods and interview methods. The results of the study obtained that PT. Dunia Trans Persada as Freight forwarding engaged in freight forwarding services as well as an agent in charge of all transportation activities from the beginning to the destination of goods, from domestic to abroad, the country where the exporter is going. PT. Dunia Trans Persada assists exporters in the provision and management of transportation and export implementation documents, prepares and carries out all services requested by exporters to ship export goods, choose travel routes, pick up goods from the exporter's place, packing, ordering ship space, and ease of customs affairs. Obstacles faced by PT. The world of Trans Persada is a busy ship schedule and there is still a lack of thoroughness in the work of employees.
Kapal dengan Gros Tonage 88 ke atas yang dilengkapi dengan alat tangkap pursein rata-rata memiliki ijin wilayah tangkap yang jauh yaitu di laut Makasar, Laut Natuna, Laut Jawa dan Wilayah Indonesia Timur, sehingga dengan ijin tangkap yang jauh di laut lepas kapal-kapal ini membutuhkan alat pendingin yang bisa bertahan lama untuk menyimpan hasil tangkapanya, dan juga untuk menjaga kesegaran ikan dan kualitasnya. Akan tetapi pemasangan alat pendingin ini masih belum di imbangi dengan kompetensi pekerja pemasang frezeer. Sebagian besar pekerja pemasang freezer pada kapal ikan belum mempunyai sertifikat dalam pemasangan alat pendingin freezer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis regulasi atau aturan hukum, mengenai pengawasan pemasangan alat pendingin Freezer dan Regulasi yang mengatur tentang kompetensi pekerja pemasangan freezer serta otoritas yang mengawasi pekerjaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan metode deskripsi analitis. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi atau kebijakan pemerintah yang mengatur dalam pemasangan alat pendingin freezer di kapal ikan belum diatur oleh Pemerintah yang berimplikasi perizinan dan pengawasan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung juga belum diatur.
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Walewska, Patrycja. "SAFETY IN THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND SPECIAL LOADS BY AIR." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej 117, no. 4 (July 29, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3427.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the international law governing air cargo transport. The basic research problem concerns the application of the existing procedures in practice. The structure of the article covers three basic exploratory issues. The first refers to the general identification of the international law on air freight transport. The second concerns the classification of dangerous goods and special documents required for air transport. The third relates to the procedures for handling hazardous materials and special goods in air transport. The results of the research process are based on an analysis of the literature and self experience.
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Tati, Dewi, Furi Indriyani, Ade Kurniawati, and Ida Hendarsih. "The Role of Freight Forwarding Services in Supporting Export Activities in PT Citra Trans Buana Kargotama Jakarta." INTERACTION: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa 10, no. 2 (October 7, 2023): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36232/jurnalpendidikanbahasa.v10i2.4777.
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The purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper description and understanding of the role of Freight Forwarding in supporting export activities at PT Citra Trans Buana Kargotama Jakarta. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method, which is a problem formulation that guides research to explore and describe what will be studied thoroughly, broadly, and deeply. and The data used in this study is primary data obtained through direct interviews with PT Citra Trans Buana Kargotama Jakarta. Based on the results of research on export activity procedures at PT Citra Trans Buana Kargotama Jakarta, namely from exporters sending Shipping Instructions to PT Citra Trans Buana Kargotama Jakarta and then to DHL Express (couriers). While the parties and agencies directly related to PT. Citra Trans Buana Kargotama Jakarta is an exporter, importer, agent of freight forwarder, customs, shipping company, trucking company, and container depot. And in terms of export procedures at PT. Citra Trans Buana Kargotama Jakarta, the documents that must be fulfilled in the procedure for shipping goods are a packing list, invoice, shipping instruction, bill of loading, certificate of origin, notification of export of goods, and certificate of fumigation.
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Stoilov, Valeri, Svetoslav Slavchev, Vladislav Maznichki, and Sanel Purgic. "Method for Theoretical Assessment of Safety against Derailment of New Freight Wagons." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2023): 12698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312698.
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The assessment of safety against freight wagons’ derailment is a mandatory element of the documents provided to the EU notifying authorities of the entry into service of new freight wagons. The assessment methodology is presented in EN 14363:2019. It is mainly aimed at the experimental measurement of certain parameters, and the data are used to calculate the safety criterion. The practical implementation of the tests is accompanied by many difficulties: finding a track with a proper radius, ensuring free access to the railway infrastructure for a long period of time, waiting for suitable metrological conditions, preparing the curve and the test wagon, etc. These difficulties are well known to the European legislators, and as a solution, they propose a large set of reference wagons that have undergone real tests. It is sufficient to demonstrate that the parameters of the new wagon relate to some of the reference wagon parameters to avoid such a requirement. Proving the “convergence” of the parameters of the new and the reference wagons is a lengthy, complex, and, in many cases, subjective process. To introduce an objective assessment, the authors set themselves the task of developing a theoretical method to assess safety against derailment.
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Subiyanto, Effnu. "Claiming Incentive Logistics at the Heavy 4th Tuban Cement Project in Indonesia: A Practical Guidance." Technium Social Sciences Journal 5 (March 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v5i1.212.
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This practical research aims to be guidance for investors who intend to claiming projects’ incentives offered by Indonesia’s government. Many of them failed to claim such incentives due to lack documents fulfillment since preparation, they mostly unaware, when it needed just realized requiring many revisions and finally came to end-rejection. Scope of this paper is in Indonesia for investors who are in preparation-stage to do project investments. It comes to conclude that remodeling logistics’ execution can successfully reduce to only 7% of logistics costs or far below than Doing Business’ finding. Methodology applied was changing Incoterms to be free on board (FOB) instead of cost and freight (CFR).
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Levin, D. Yu. "Train Formation Management. Part 1." World of Transport and Transportation 20, no. 1 (December 17, 2022): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-1-11.
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Long-term regulatory and technological documents related to train formation are often so far from the changing actual operational situation that more trains are being formed than can be provided with locomotives and sent from the station in a timely manner, sections are oversaturated with trains, stations operate with an excess of car fleet, etc. Such unpredictable situations result in unproductive delays of trains, increase the goods delivery time, reduce the use of transit, transportation, and processing capacity of railways. At the same time, reducing the time of validity of regulatory and technological documents can significantly increase the efficiency of operational management of the transportation process. The purpose of the article is to show how the operational management of train formation instead of the passive uncontrolled process of accumulation of trains at marshalling yards expands the possibilities of the train formation plan, eliminates uncertainty and creates optimal conditions for train, marshalling and freight operations.Changes in management of train formation, which are put forward on the basis of generalisation of a number of results of earlier author’s studies and publications and newly formulated proposals for discussion, will make it possible to manage the transportation process in a fundamentally new way: to form such a number of trains that will be provided in a timely manner with locomotives and «threads» of the train schedule; send such a number of trains from the train assembling stations that will not lead to oversaturation of sections with trains; to ensure the arrival of such a number of trains at marshalling yards that will allow them to work in the optimal mode; to ensure the parity of arrivals of even and odd trains at locomotive change stations; to help in a timely manner with the selection of wagons cars in case of difficulties in the work of freight stations, etc. [1].
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Gadzhimetov, G. I., A. A. Lunin, and G. I. Petrov. "On the issue of improving the methodology for confirming maximum safe (design) speed of freight railcars." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-3-141-151.
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The article provides the analysis of regulatory documents and scientific publications concerning the design speed of rolling stock. The material is provided from the perspective of a methodological approach to establishing the design speed at the level of the maximum value achieved during dynamic and strength tests and track impact tests of the object that meets requirements of technical documentation. Values of strength and dynamic properties of cars obtained during tests performed in track sections with characteristics established in test methods should comply with requirements of regulatory documents. At the same time, during the operation of car running gear, rail geometry and track superstructure, basically have a state that is different from that in which tests were performed. Proceeding from this, in order to ensure traffic safety in operation, permissible speeds are set for tracks of various states and structures. Thus, for freight cars with three-piece bogies, the maximum speed, especially when empty, is limited due to the deterioration of its dynamic properties associated with change in the operation of design parameters and characteristics of bogie elements as well as its rigidity couplings. Due to the deterioration of dynamic properties , the design speed cannot be implemented, including on the track that meets requirements of test methods, on which it was initially confirmed. The maximum permissible speeds of freight cars that are acceptable from the safety point of view are traditionally established based on the results of tests performed since the middle of the last century. When applying innovative freight cars with bogies of a new design, to assess traffic safety, it will be necessary to carry out a large number of tests and to gain operating experience, during which it is necessary to estimate the influence of various factors on traffic safety. In fact, it is necessary to repeat tests to set running speeds, but in a short time, which is very cost-intensive. Based on the foregoing, in order to eliminate the risks associated with safety violation, to confirm the design speed and in order to reduce costs when applying new rolling stock, a full-scale virtual method has been proposed that provides the use of a computer simulation, in which the design speed specified in the technical documentation is set at the stage of rolling stock development, taking into account the operational variability of car running gear and the track state.
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Fikru, Eyakem. "Freight Transport Service on International Trade with Its Implication for Global Competitiveness." Studies in Humanities and Education 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/she.v1i1.71.
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Freight transportation is the process of conveying different types of goods from one point to another using a variety of transport modes. The main objective of this study was to assess the fright transport service on international trade with its implications for global competitiveness. A descriptive followed by a longitudinal research design was used. Secondary data were collected from international organizations policy, standards documents, and annual reports for the year 2007-2018 by using the two indexing systems. Moreover, a quantitative research approach had been used. The data were entered, manipulated, organized, and analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were used to examine the extent of fright transport service and its implications on global competitiveness and the interrelationship between international trade and freight transport service with its implication on global competitiveness. According to the result, European countries highly dominated the top 10 world rank logistic performance. Therefore, these countries were devoted to providing maximum efficiency and commitments on the Six Logistics Performance Index (LPI) as well as 12 pillars of GCI pillars than the others. Besides both, LPI and GCI were linearly associated with each other except for the 2016 fiscal year. This improved that tread and logistic services had an association.
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Tankeev, S. V., A. E. Kolodin, V. B. Sverdlov, A. V. Nazarov, and M. A. Konev. "Investigation of the causes of damage to freight cars during disbanding on non-mechanized sorting slides and development of measures to prevent them." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2021): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-2-4-13.
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The damage assessment of freight cars during shunting and loading and unloading operations was made. The need to review the normative documents regulating the relationship between the owners of rolling stock, owners of non-public tracks and the carrier is noted. The reasons for formation of damage on the wheel pairs of freight cars when disbanding on low-power sorting slides are considered. The conditions for ensuring the deceleration of detachments on non-mechanized sorting slides without damaging the wheels are determined. The analysis of methods for ensuring braking on low-power slides is carried out. A method was chosen to ensure the wheel set rotation by introducing a third body between the rubbing surfaces during the braking of cars, which will take over a part of the resulting heat flow, reducing the temperature and increasing the coefficient of friction in the «wheel-rail» contact zone. A method is proposed to provide braking on the non-mechanized sorting slide during shoe braking by applying a friction compound to a non-working rail. Laboratory tests were carried out, which showed that the introduction of a friction additive can achieve the necessary coefficient of friction to comply with the standard parameters of deceleration of the car in the braking zone.
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Jovita, Nurul Alifah, and Rosmawati Rosmawati. "COMPENSATION AND ABSOLUTE LIABILITY PRINCIPLE ON THE CASE OF AIR ASIA QZ 8501 AIRPLANE ACCIDENT 2014." Student Journal of International Law 1, no. 2 (January 5, 2022): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/sjil.v1i2.19278.
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This study investigates the issue of compensation based on the absolute responsibility principle in the Air Asia QZ 8501 airplane accident in 2014. This study uses normative juridical legal research with secondary data as primary data obtained through literature study. The results indicate a lack of clarity in the implementation of compensation as regulated in the National Aviation Law regarding the maximum amount of time required in insurance claims toward the heirs. Without a precise time limit, airlines and insurance companies will create many obstacles during the data collection process and the documents involved. It is recommended that the government strengthen the rules regarding the provisions in implementing compensation, especially related to the insurance claim process toward the heirs. In addition, it is also recommended for airlines and insurance companies to consistently set a precise time limit for the investigation and identification of the victims to speed up the issuance of the necessary documents from the Court. Keywords: Airplane Accident, Compensation, International Air Freight, Principle of Liability, Strict Liability.
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Parfenov, Alexander Viktorovich, and Naiming Xu. "Strategic directions and prospects for the development of the LOGINK logistics information platform in the Russian Federation." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2023, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2023-4-87-95.
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The directions of digital transformation of unimodal and multimodal freight transportation are being studied within the framework of the Superservice 22 project, the state information system of electronic transportation documents (GIS EPD), the automated ETRAN system, and the INTERTRAN project. The strategic goals of creating a national digital transport and logistics platform in Russia are determined. The experience of the phased construction of the LOGINK transport and logistics public information platform in China is summarized and investigated. Three stages of the development of the LOGINK information platform are distinguished and characterized: the stage of internal standardization; the stage of regional integration; the stage of international promotion. The types and flows of information exchange on the LOGIN transport and logistics platform are identified. The dynamics of the development of the LOGIN platform's international cooperation with seaports, leading shipping companies and global logistics operators is considered. The cooperation of the LOGINK transport and logistics platform with international organizations and institutions that set standards in the field of logistics and freight transportation is being studied. Strategic directions for using the LOGINK platform are being established within the framework of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative in order to increase China's influence on international freight transportation and global supply chains. Proposals are being developed to change the strategy of “international promotion” of the LOGINK platform and enhance its cooperation with logistics operators of alternative container transportation routes and cross-border transit routes, in particular with Russian ports, rail carriers and leading logistics companies in Russia. The stages of the implementation of the strategy of “international promotion” of the LOGINK information platform in the Russian market of transport and logistics services are determined and characterized in a meaningful way. The expediency of combining the LOGINK information platform with the ecosystem of digital transport corridors of the Eurasian Economic Union is substantiated.