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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Freezing injury

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Academic literature on the topic 'Freezing injury'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Freezing injury"

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Yin, Jian Min, Qi Long Miao, and Pin Kong. "Products Design of Weather-Based Index Insurance for Nanfeng Citrus Freezing Injury." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5411.

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Abstract: Freezing injury in winter is the key meteorological disaster during Nafeng citrus cultivating. Based on the data of the Nanfeng citrus yield, planting area and freezing injury lost and the minimum air temperature in winter from 1961-2010, the meteorological yield was decomposed. By using the risk assessment methods, weather index and yield loss rate caused by freezing injury was determined, and weather-based index for Nanfeng citrus freezing injure insurance was designed. Occurrence probability of freezing injury was determined by extreme value theory, premium rate was counted and weather-based index insurance contact was designed. Insurance product based on weather index for Nanfeng citrus freezing injury is designed for the needs of policy-guided agricultural insurance. It can be used for avoidance of converse choice and moral hazard, and thus resolving the problems of high indemnity costs and low indemnity efficiency in agricultural insurance.

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Imray, Chris HE. "Non-freezing cold injury." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, no. 6 (January 13, 2019): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001145.

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Hödl, Stefan. "Treatment of freezing injury." Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 155, no. 7-8 (April 2005): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10354-005-0165-5.

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Glennie, JS, and R. Milner. "Non-freezing cold injury." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 100, no. 3 (December 2014): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-100-268.

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AbstractNon-freezing cold injury can be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians in the United Kingdom Armed Forces. It is associated with operations in adverse climatic conditions, and may result in significant long-term morbidity. In this article we discuss the operational importance of this condition and the current best practice in its management and prevention.

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EL-KEST, SOUZAN E., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Freezing of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Microorganisms: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.8.639.

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When the temperature of microbes is lowered rapidly, some are injured through thermal shock. Frozen cells can be injured mechanically by intra- and extracellular ice crystals. During freezing, as water is removed, there is a concentration of cell solutes which can lead to dissociation of cellular lipoprotein. Warming of frozen cells can be accompanied by growth of ice crystals which then can physically affect cells. Freeze-thaw injury of microbes is manifested by an increase in fastidiousness and by changes in cellular morphology, release of materials from the micro- and macrostructure of cells, and denaturation of macromolecules. Given the proper environmental conditions, cells can repair such injury. Cryoprotectants minimize damage to cells during freezing and frozen storage. Death and injury of Listeria monocytogenes were greater when cells were frozen and stored at −18°C rather than −198°C. Tryptose broth was more protective of cells than a phosphate buffer solution when freezing and storage were at −18°C; the reverse was true at −198°C. Repeated freezing (−18°C) and thawing (35°C) were more detrimental to cells of L. monocytogenes than were repeated freezing at -198°C and thawing at 35°C. Freezing cells at −198°C and storing them at −18°C caused more injury and death than did freezing and storage at −198°C. Glycerol was an effective cryoprotectant for L. monocytogenes. Less effective were milk fat, lactose, and casein. The extent of injury and death varied among strains of L. monocytogenes given the same treatment. Freezing and thawing increased susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to effects of lipase and lysozyme.

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QUAMME, HARVEY A. "LOW-TEMPERATURE STRESS IN CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION – AN OVERVIEW." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-153.

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Crop losses from winter injury and spring frosts which involve freezing injury are of major importance to the Canadian horticultural industry, whereas chilling injury which is produced at temperatures just above freezing is of minor importance. The technology to prevent crop losses from freezing injury to horticultural crops is well developed and includes site selection; plant protection with covers, protected-environmental structures heaters, and wind machines; control of ice-nucleating bacteria; selection of management practices to maximize plant resistance; and breeding for resistance. Improvement of this technology can be expected with further research. Increased knowledge of the basic physiology of freezing injury and the genetics of freezing resistance will be especially important to achieving technological advances in the prevention of freezing injury to horticultural crops.Key words: Cold hardiness, freezing injury, chilling injury, acclimation, frost protection

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Levitt, J. "FREEZING INJURY OF PLANT TISSUE." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 85, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb49983.x.

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Manter, Daniel K., and William H. Livingston. "Influence of thawing rate and fungal infection by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii on freezing injury in red spruce (Picea rubens) needles." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-101.

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Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) decline has been observed in northeastern North America for the last 30 years. A major inciting stress involved in this decline is freezing injury of foliage. The objectives of this study were the following: (i) to examine how photosynthesis, needle electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll loss, needle reddening, needle loss and bud break respond to single freezing events down to −45 °C on 3-year-old seedlings; (ii) to test if faster thawing rates increase the amount of freezing injury; and (iii) to measure how Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii Bubák inoculations interact with freeze-injured needles. Two trials, one of 60 seedlings and one of 80 seedlings, were conducted. The second trial had half the seedlings covered with plastic bags for doubling the thawing time. Photosynthesis, as measured by gas exchange, was consistently the most sensitive measure, detecting nonvisible injury on uncovered seedlings (p < 0.05) at −25 °C. Measurements detecting freezing damage on covered, slower thawing seedlings were photosynthesis, chlorophyll loss, and percent budbreak. Faster thawing rates increased the amount of injury ca. 2- to 3-fold after freezing to −35 or −45 °C for all measures. Infection by R. kalkhoffii increased 40–83% after freezing needles to −40 or −45 °C. Fungal inoculations caused ca. 40–60% reduction in photosynthesis on needles frozen to −40 or −45 °C. This study suggests that two new factors can increase freezing injury on red spruce needles: a faster thawing rate and fungal (R. kalkhoffii) infection. These results are consistent with the growing knowledge that freezing injury is a complex phenomenon in red spruce.

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Guo, Jiahui, Xionghui Bai, Weiping Shi, Ruijie Li, Xingyu Hao, Hongfu Wang, Zhiqiang Gao, Jie Guo, and Wen Lin. "Risk assessment of freezing injury during overwintering of wheat in the northern boundary of the Winter Wheat Region in China." PeerJ 9 (September 9, 2021): e12154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12154.

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Freezing injury is one of the main restriction factors for winter wheat production, especially in the northern part of the Winter Wheat Region in China. It is very important to assess the risk of winter wheat-freezing injury. However, most of the existing climate models are complex and cannot be widely used. In this study, Zunhua which is located in the northern boundary of Winter Wheat Region in China is selected as research region, based on the winter meteorological data of Zunhua from 1956 to 2016, seven freezing disaster-causing factors related to freezing injury were extracted to formulated the freezing injury index (FII) of wheat. Referring to the historical wheat-freezing injury in Zunhua and combining with the cold resistance identification data of the National Winter Wheat Variety Regional Test (NWWVRT), consistency between the FII and the actual freezing injury situation was tested. Furthermore, the occurrence law of freezing injury in Zunhua during the past 60 years was analyzed by Morlet wavelet analyze, and the risk of freezing injury in the short term was evaluated. Results showed that the FII can reflect the occurrence of winter wheat-freezing injury in Zunhua to a certain extent and had a significant linear correlation with the dead tiller rate of wheat (P = 0.014). The interannual variation of the FII in Zunhua also showed a significant downward trend (R2 = 0.7412). There are two cycles of freezing injury in 60 years, and it showed that there’s still exist a high risk in the short term. This study provides reference information for the rational use of meteorological data for winter wheat-freezing injury risk assessment.

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Yu, Duk Jun, and Hee Jae Lee. "Evaluation of freezing injury in temperate fruit trees." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 61, no. 5 (August 24, 2020): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13580-020-00264-4.

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Abstract Freezing is a major environmental stress limiting the geographical distribution, growth, and productivity of temperate fruit trees. The extent of freezing injury in the trees depends on the rate at which the temperature decreases, the minimum temperature reached, and the duration of the freezing conditions. The ability to tolerate freezing temperatures under natural conditions varies greatly among fruit tree species, cultivars, and tissues. Freezing injury must be precisely evaluated to reliably predict the winter survival and productivity of the trees in specific regions, to screen for tolerant species and cultivars, and to develop cultural strategies that reduce freezing stress. Various methods are used to evaluate freezing injury in temperate fruit trees under field and artificial conditions, including visual evaluation of tissue discoloration, thermal analysis, determination of electrolyte leakage, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction analysis. In this review, we describe the most frequently used experimental procedures for evaluating freezing injury.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freezing injury"

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Wang, Hongrui. "Developing Novel Methods to Mitigate Freezing Injury in Grapevines." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1564743163557437.

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Boziaris, Ioannis S. "Bacterial injury and sensitisation of gram-negatives to nisin." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842954/.

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Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, which is active against Gram-positive organisms including bacterial spores. It is not generally active against Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Gram negatives show nisin-sensitivity when their outer membrane permeability is altered by various means, such as treatments with chelators, e.g. EDTA, osmotic shock, heating, freezing, freeze-drying, high- pressure etc. Application of chelators and nisin is effective against Gram-negatives when exogenous nisin is added. Nisin produced in situ and chelators are not an effective combination, since nisin production follows the pH drop caused by sugar fermentation, and this interferes with the sequestering ability of the chelators. Presence of nisin during thermal inactivation of Gram-negatives though is effective. Bacteria become structurally injured during heating showing sensitivity to agents like SDS and deoxycholate and extended detection times by impedimetry. These injured bacteria are inactivated by nisin, with a concomitant reduction of the measured D-values. Low pH and the presence of small amount of chelators enhance the injury and inactivation and reduce D-values further. Gram-negative bacteria injured by chilling and freezing are also sensitive to nisin. The effectiveness of nisin is reduced in a food environment mostly of nisin binding to fat, and food particles. D-values were decreased less or not at all in egg white and liquid whole egg, respectively, and rapid chilling of bacteria attached to chicken skin in presence of nisin did not give the effect seen in laboratory media. Nisin is active against heat-, chill-, and freezing-stressed Gram-negatives only if it is present during the treatments. When the stress factor is removed, the bacteria recover their nisin resistance, implying transient susceptibility to nisin, but not to smaller molecules. This is probably due to rapid reorganisation and restoration of OM permeability damage, rather than biochemical repair. The LPS chain length influences the sensitisation of Gram-negatives to nisin, only in the case of freezing, where the strain with the shorter LPS chain was more sensitive than the wild type. Heat-, and freezing-stressed bacteria lost lipopolysaccharides and increased their cell surface hydrophobicity. This was not seen with chill-stressed bacteria, which were sensitive to nisin though. This indicates that release of LPS is not a prerequisite for nisin sensitivity in Gram-negatives.

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Ting, Wei-tsyi. "Studies on the death, injury, repair of injury, and the detection of Salmonella subjected to freezing and thawing /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487267546984344.

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Santago, II Anthony Charles. "Characterizing the Biomechanical Response of Liver." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32768.

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Motor vehicle collisions can result in life threatening liver injuries. Dummies are utilized to study injury in motor vehicle collisions; however, no crash test dummies are currently equipped to represent individual solid organs. This has increased the use of finite element models to help reduce these injuries; however, accurate material models need to be established to have accurate injury assessment using these models. This thesis presents a total of 4 studies that explore the biomechanical response of liver. The research on bovine liver is geared to understanding whether or not liver tissue can be frozen prior to testing and what environmental temperature the liver should be tested at. The first study utilized two bovine livers that were each divided in half and one half was tested at 75Â°F while the other half was tested at 98Â°F. A total of 24 tensile failure tests were performed on the parenchyma. It was determined that there were no statically significant differences between failure stresses and strains between the testing temperatures. To test the effects of freezing, tensile tests were performed on the parenchyma of a single bovine liver that was divided in half. One half was frozen and then thawed prior to tensile testing while the other was tested fresh. It was determined that freezing reduces average failure strain by 50%. The research on human liver was geared toward understanding the rate dependence during uniaxial tension tests and unconfined compression tests. Samples were constructed of only the parenchyma. A total of 7 livers were used to create the 51 tensile specimens and a total of 6 livers were used to obtain the 36 unconfined compression specimens. For the uniaxial tensile tests, average failure stresses ranged from 40.21 to 61.02 kPa while average failure strain ranged from 24% to 34%. For the unconfined compression tests, average failure stresses ranged from -165 to -203 kPa while average failure strain ranged from -46% to -61%. It is expected that the results presented in this thesis will: 1) Help establish correct transportation and procurement methodology for soft tissue mechanical testing. 2) Provide tension and compression material response of the human liver at multiple strain rates for use as material properties and injury tolerance values to validate finite element models.
Master of Science

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Bollman, Jill. "Effects of cold shocking on the survival and injury of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under freezing conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45023.pdf.

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Kingsley-Richards, Sarah. "Influence of Plant Age, Soil Moisture, and Temperature Cylcing Date on Containter-Grown Herbaceous Perennials." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2011. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/122.

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Perennial growers overwintering plant stock require information to assist in deciding which containerized plants are most likely to successfully overwinter. Three studies on container-grown herbaceous perennials were conducted to examine the influence of plant age, soil moisture, and temperature cycling date on cold hardiness. In January, plants were exposed to controlled freezing temperatures of -2, -5, -8, -11, and -14C and then returned to a 3-5C greenhouse. In June, plants were assessed using a visual rating scale of 1-5 (1 = dead, 3-5 = increasing salable quality, varying by cultivar) and dry weights of new growth were determined. Controlled freezing in November and March were also included in the third study. In the first study, two ages of plants were exposed to controlled freezing temperatures in January. For Geranium x cantabrigiense 'Karmina', age had no effect on either rating or dry weight in one study year. In two Sedum 'Matrona' study years, age had no effect on dry weight but ratings were higher for older plants than younger plants in the first year and higher for younger plants than older plants in the second year. In two Leucanthemum x superbum 'Becky' study years, age had an effect on both rating and dry weight which were both generally higher for younger plants than older plants. In the second study, plants were maintained in pots at two different soil moisture levels prior to exposure to controlled freezing temperatures in January. Coreopsis 'Tequila Sunrise' and Carex morrowii 'Ice Dance' showed no effect on either rating or dry weight from soil moisture level. Soil moisture level had no effect on dry weight but ratings were higher for Geranium x cantabrigiense 'Cambridge' “wet” plants and for Heuchera 'Plum Pudding' “dry” plants. Carex laxiculmus 'Hobb' (Bunny Blue™) soil moisture level had an effect where dry weight was higher for “dry” plants. Means at were of salable quality for Geranium and Heuchera at all temperatures and Carex laxiculmus at temperatures above -11C. The effects of soil moisture level on Carex oshimensis were inconclusive. In the third study, during November, January, and March, plants were subjected to temperature cycling treatments prior to exposure to controlled freezing temperatures. Geranium x cantabrigiense 'Cambridge' were more tolerant of both temperature cycling and freezing temperatures in January and an increased number of cycles in November had an advantageous effect. Sedum 'Matrona' were more tolerant of temperature cycling and freezing temperatures in January and an increased number of cycles in March had an advantageous effect. Leucanthemum x superbum 'Becky' were more tolerant of temperature cycling in January in the second year of the study and an increased number of cycles in November had an advantageous effect in the first year and in all months in the second year. Overwintering younger container-grown plants is likely to result in more growth and higher quality following exposure to freezing temperatures. Effects of soil moisture level on overwintering container-grown plant growth and quality are cultivar-specific and a general effect could not be established in these studies. Overwintering container-grown plants are likely to be hardier in January and slight temperature cycles prior to exposure to freezing temperatures generally increase hardiness.

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Tan, Daniel Kean Yuen. "Effect of temperature and photoperiod on broccoli development, yield and quality in south-east Queensland." University of Sydney. Land and Food, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/639.

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Broccoli is a vegetable crop of increasing importance in Australia, particularly in south-east Queensland and farmers need to maintain a regular supply of good quality broccoli to meet the expanding market. However, harvest maturity date, head yield and quality are all affected by climatic variations during the production cycle, particularly low temperature episodes. There are also interactions between genotype and climatic variability. A predictive model of ontogeny, incorporating climatic data including frost risk, would enable farmers to predict harvest maturity date and select appropriate cultivar - sowing date combinations. The first stage of this research was to define floral initiation, which is fundamental to predicting ontogeny. Scanning electron micrographs of the apical meristem were made for the transition from the vegetative to advanced reproductive stage. During the early vegetative stage (stage 1), the apical meristem was a small, pointed shoot tip surrounded by leaf primordia. The transitional stage (stage 2) was marked by a widening and flattening to form a dome-shaped apical meristem. In the floral initiation stage (stage 3), the first-order floral primordia were observed in the axils of the developing bracts. Under field conditions, the shoot apex has an average diameter of 500 micro m at floral initiation and floral primordia can be observed under a light microscope. Sub-zero temperatures can result in freezing injury and thereby reduce head yield and quality. In order to predict the effects of frosts, it is desirable to know the stages of development at which plants are most susceptible. Therefore, the effects of sub-zero temperatures on leaf and shoot mortality, head yield and quality were determined after exposure of plants to a range of temperatures for short periods, at different stages of development (vegetative, floral initiation and buttoning). Plants in pots and in the field were subjected to sub-zero temperature regimes from -1 C to -19 C. Extracellular ice formation was achieved by reducing temperatures slowly, at a rate of -2 C per hour. The floral initiation stage was most sensitive to freezing injury, as yields were significantly reduced at -1 C and -3 C, and shoot apices were killed at -5 C. There was no significant yield reduction when the inflorescence buttoning stage was subjected to -1 C and -3 C. Although shoot apices at buttoning survived the -5 C treatment, very poor quality heads of uneven bud size were produced as a result of arrested development. The lethal temperature for pot-grown broccoli was between -3 C and -5 C, whereas the lethal temperature for field-grown broccoli was between -7 C and -9 C. The difference was presumably due to variation in cold acclimation. Freezing injury can reduce broccoli head yield and quality, and retard plant growth. Crop development models based only on simple thermal time without restrictions will not predict yield or maturity if broccoli crops are frost-damaged. Field studies were conducted to develop procedures for predicting ontogeny, yield and quality. Three cultivars, (Fiesta, Greenbelt and Marathon) were sown on eight dates from 11 March to 22 May 1997, and grown under natural and extended (16 h) photoperiods in a sub-tropical environment at Gatton College, south-east Queensland, under non-limiting conditions of water and nutrient supply. Daily climatic data, and dates of emergence, floral initiation, harvest maturity, together with yield and quality were obtained. Yield and quality responses to temperature and photoperiod were quantified. As growing season mean minimum temperatures decreased, fresh weight of tops decreased while fresh weight harvest index increased linearly. There was no definite relationship between fresh weight of tops or fresh weight harvest index and growing season minimum temperatures greater than 10 C. Genotype, rather than the environment, mainly determined head quality attributes. Fiesta had the best head quality, with higher head shape and branching angle ratings than Greenbelt or Marathon. Bud colour and cluster separation of Marathon were only acceptable for export when growing season mean minimum temperatures were less than 8 C. Photoperiod did not influence yield or quality in any of the three cultivars. A better understanding of genotype and environmental interactions will help farmers optimise yield and quality, by matching cultivars with time of sowing. Crop developmental responses to temperature and photoperiod were quantified from emergence to harvest maturity (Model 1), from emergence to floral initiation (Model 2), from floral initiation to harvest maturity (Model 3), and in a combination of Models 2 and 3 (Model 4). These thermal time models were based on optimised base and optimum temperatures of 0 and 20 C, respectively. These optimised temperatures were determined using an iterative optimisation routine (simplex). Cardinal temperatures were consistent across cultivars but thermal time of phenological intervals were cultivar specific. Sensitivity to photoperiod and solar radiation was low in the three cultivars used. Thermal time models tested on independent data for five cultivars (Fiesta, Greenbelt, Marathon, CMS Liberty and Triathlon) grown as commercial crops on the Darling Downs over two years, adequately predicted floral initiation and harvest maturity. Model 4 provided the best prediction for the chronological duration from emergence to harvest maturity. Model 1 was useful when floral initiation data were not available, and it predicted harvest maturity almost as well as Model 4 since the same base and optimum temperatures of 0 C and 20 C, respectively, were used for both phenological intervals. Model 1 was also generated using data from 1979-80 sowings of three cultivars (Premium Crop, Selection 160 and Selection 165A). When Model 1 was tested with independent data from 1983-84, it predicted harvest maturity well. Where floral initiation data were available, predictions of harvest maturity were most precise using Model 3, since the variation, which occurred from emergence to floral initiation, was removed. Prediction of floral initiation using Model 2 can be useful for timing cultural practices, and for avoiding frost and high temperature periods. This research has produced models to assist broccoli farmers in crop scheduling and cultivar selection in south-east Queensland. Using the models as a guide, farmers can optimise yield and quality, by matching cultivars with sowing date. By accurately predicting floral initiation, the risk of frost damage during floral initiation can be reduced by adjusting sowing dates or crop management options. The simple and robust thermal time models will improve production and marketing arrangements, which have to be made in advance. The thermal time models in this study, incorporating frost risk using conditional statements, provide a foundation for a decision support system to manage the sequence of sowings on commercial broccoli farms.

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Al-Otaibi, Noha. "Novel cryoprotective agents to improve the quality of cryopreserved mammalian cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285176.

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Cryopreservation is a promising approach to long-term biopreservation of living cells, tissues and organs. The use of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) in combination with extremely low temperatures is mandatory for optimum biopreservation. CPAs (e.g., glycerol, trehalose, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)), however, are relatively cytotoxic and compromise biopreserved cell quality. This is usually resultant in oxidative damage, diminishing cell functionality and survival rate. The growing market of cell therapy medicinal products (CTMPs) demands effective cryopreservation with greater safety, of which the currently available CPAs are unable to provide. The present study was aimed at developing cryomedia formulation to enhance the cryopreservation of nucleated and anucleated mammalian cells. Here, eleven compounds of a polyol nature were selected and examined for their cryoprotective properties. These compounds are derived from plants and honey, thereby ensuring their safety for human consumption. The selection was based on their molecular structure and chemical properties. Here, the presented study is divided into three main phases: 1) Screening the compounds panel for cryo-additive effects on cells during and post-cryopreservation and optimising the dose response and time course for trehalose and glycerol with and without the novel compounds; 2) Assessing the influence of biophysical criteria on biospecimen cryopreservation (e.g., biosampling procedure, cell age, donor age); 3) Establishing the mechanisms of action underpinning the modulatory effect of novel CPAs on biological pathways during cryopreservation. For the stated purposes, red blood cells (RBCs) obtained from sheep and humans were used to screen the compounds for novel cryo-additive agents. Cryosurvival rate was employed as an indication of the compounds' cryoprotective performance. Cellular biochemical profiles, including lipid and protein oxidative damage as well as key redox enzymatic activities (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione reductase (GR)) were measured. The study revealed that nigerose (Nig) and salidroside (Sal) were significantly effective in protecting cells during the freeze-thaw cycle and recovery phases. Both compounds promoted the activity of GR and reduced oxidative stress mirrored by diminished LDH activity. This was also reflected in the protein and lipid oxidation levels, which was limited to a comparable level with the cells' prior freezing. Further studies on human leukaemia (HL-60) were carried out to elucidate the molecular and biological pathways associated with cryodamage and the modulatory effects of adding novel CPAs. The proteome profile and the corresponding biological functions were evaluated and iii showed that Nig and Sal protected cells against cryodamage. The additive compounds (Nig and Sal) demonstrated a unique and overlapping modulation effect pattern. Nig was found to highly influence proteins engaged with metabolic and energetic pathways, whereas Sal greatly affected nuclear and DNA-binding proteins. The current study concluded that novel CPAs have high potency in protecting cells and each compound has a unique effect on the cellular proteome. These features can be applied to designing cryomedia formulae with higher protective efficiency for targeted applications in cell based therapy and biopharmaceutical industries.

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Zimmerman, Elizabeth M. "Salinity and freezing injury on dormant buds of acer platanoides, tilia cordata, and viburnum lantana." 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53175590.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2003.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-59).

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Steffen, Kenneth Lee. "Response of the photosynthetic process to freezing injury and cold acclimation in tuber-bearing Solanum species." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18446301.html.

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Books on the topic "Freezing injury"

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Krasowski, Marek J. Winter freezing injury and frost acclimation in planted coniferous seedlings: A literature review and case study from northeastern British Columbia. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1993.

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Imray, Chris, Ian Davis, Chris Johnson, Clive Johnson, Howard Oakley, and Barry Roberts. Cold climates. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688418.003.0020.

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The polar environment - Travel in cold climates - Whiteout - Humans in polar areas - Preparations for a polar trip - Infectious diseases in polar areas - Hypothermia - Freezing cold injuries - Non-freezing cold injury - Snow blindness (photokeratitis) - Skin problems - Problems of prolonged polar travel

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Imray, Chris, Ian Davis, Chris Johnson, Clive Johnson, Howard Oakley, and Barry Roberts. Cold climates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688418.003.0020_update_001.

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The polar environment - Travel in cold climates - Whiteout - Humans in polar areas - Preparations for a polar trip - Infectious diseases in polar areas - Hypothermia - Freezing cold injuries - Non-freezing cold injury - Snow blindness (photokeratitis) - Skin problems - Problems of prolonged polar travel

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Book chapters on the topic "Freezing injury"

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Dhawan, A. K. "Freezing Injury, Resistance and Responses." In Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 222–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06166-4_14.

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Smith, Dale. "Freezing Injury of Forage Plants." In Forage Plant Physiology and Soil-Range Relationships, 32–56. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub5.c3.

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Mazur, Peter. "Slow-Freezing Injury in Mammalian Cells." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 52 - The Freezing of Mammalian Embryos, 19–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720332.ch3.

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Manter, Daniel K., and William H. Livingston. "Interaction of Microorganisms, Insects, and Freezing Injury on Conifers." In Tree Physiology, 289–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_11.

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Schaberg, Paul G., and Donald H. DeHayes. "Physiological and Environmental Causes of Freezing Injury in Red Spruce." In Ecological Studies, 181–227. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1256-0_6.

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Levitt, J., and John Dear. "The Role of Membrane Proteins in Freezing Injury and Resistance." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - The Frozen Cell, 149–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719732.ch9.

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DeHayes, Donald H., Paul G. Schaberg, and G. Richard Strimbeck. "Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) Cold Hardiness and Freezing Injury Susceptibility." In Tree Physiology, 495–529. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_18.

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Arora, R., and J. P. Palta. "Perturbation of Membrane Calcium as a Molecular Mechanism of Freezing Injury." In Environmental Stress in Plants, 281–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73163-1_26.

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Meryman, Harold T. "The Exceeding of a Minimum Tolerable Cell Volume in Hypertonic Suspension as a Cause of Freezing Injury." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - The Frozen Cell, 51–67. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719732.ch4.

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"Freezing Tolerance and Injury in Grapevines." In Adaptations and Responses of Woody Plants to Environmental Stresses, 215–50. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482282849-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Freezing injury"

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Wang, Huifang, Jihua Wang, Qian Wang, Naizhe Miao, Wenjiang Huang, Haikuang Feng, and Yingying Dong. "Hyperspectral characteristics of winter wheat under freezing injury stress and LWC inversion model." In 2012 First International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2012.6311627.

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Zhao, Gang, and Dayong Gao. "Effect of CPA Transmembrane Flux on Cell Volume Change During Freezing and its Application in Biopreservation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14231.

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Theoretical models for prediction of cell dehydration during addition/removal of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) or during freezing sprung up like mushrooms. These models are powerful for qualitative analysis of “solution injury” or “osmotic injury”, and furthermore, optimization of the complex processes involved in cryopreservation.

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Mousa, Mostafa A., Ahmed AboBakr, Lobna A. Said, Ahmed H. Madian, Ahmed S. Elwakil, and Ahmed G. Radwan. "Heating and Freezing Injury to Plant Tissues and Their Effect on Bioimpedance: Experimental Study." In 2019 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for Engineering Applications (ACTEA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/actea.2019.8851098.

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Shuso Kawamura, Kazuhiro Takekura, and Mio Yokoe. "Freezing Temperature and Freezing Injury of Rough Rice, and Quality of Rough Rice Stored at Temperatures between -50°C and 25°C for Four Years." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19540.

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Takamatsu, Hiroshi. "Freezing of Cells: Role of Ice and Solutes in Cell Damage." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32250.

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The mechanism of cellular damage associated with freezing of biological cells is discussed by summarizing the author’s recent studies that consists of four different types of experiments. The “solution effects” that designate the influence of elevated concentration of electrolytes during freezing is examined first by a nonfreezing experiment that exposes cells to hypertonic solutions using a perfusion microscope. The cell damage due to the solution effect is evaluated directly from a pseudo-freezing experiment, where cells were subjected to the milieu that simulated a freeze-thaw process in the absence of ice. Contribution of ice formed in the extracellular solution is then estimated from the difference in cell survival between the pseudo-freezing experiment and a corresponding freezing experiment. The cellular injury by the mechanical stress is also examined independently by a cell deformation experiment, which mimicked the situation that cells are compressed and deformed between ice crystals. This experiment was designed to examine a complex effect of mechanical stress from ice and elevated concentration of electrolytes. Based on all these experiments, the role of concentrated solutes and ice is revealed as a function of freezing conditions.

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Elliott, Gloria, and John McGrath. "A Novel Annular Dorsal Skin Flap Chamber Freezing Apparatus." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32355.

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One of the challenges in using a dorsal skin flap chamber (DSFC) to study freeze injury in rodents is to achieve a controlled and well-characterized cryolesion within the ∼1 cm viewing area. A novel freezing device was designed that allowed optical access to the DSFC tissue, thus permitting the simultaneous use of various imaging methods (e.g. fluorescence, infrared) throughout a cryosurgery procedure. Stainless steel annuli were implemented with an internal 2.3 mm channel for circulation of cold nitrogen vapor. Inlet and outlet ports were manufactured from hypodermic needles. A machined external groove on the surface of these rings provided the point of attachment for interfacing with each side of the DSFC. Using thermocouples and numerical modeling, temperature gradients in the viewable tissue were estimated to be less than 1°C/mm and highly reproducible freezing rates between 3 and 9 °C/min were achieved in the tissue. At the fastest pump rates the apparatus was capable of producing temperatures as low as −110 °C on the inner surface of the chamber. When these rings were cooled to their lowest temperatures and placed in contact with the DSFC, tissue cooling rates of ∼75 °C/min could be achieved. Numerical modeling results demonstrated that the temperature gradient throughout the thickness of the tissue was minimal, suggesting that surface temperature measurements would be representative of the temperature throughout the thickness of the intravital preparation.

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Zhu, Kai, Yabo Wang, Bin Liu, and Xinjun Su. "Cryomicroscopic and Calorimetric Assessment of Cell Response During Freezing Process." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17319.

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Understanding the biophysical processes that govern freezing responds of cells is an important step in characterizing and improving the cryopreservation. The quantitative analysis on cell volume shrinkage during freezing helps us understand the mechanism of cryopreservation. Freezing studies were conducted using a Linkam cryostage fitted to an optical microscope cooled under controlled rates at 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100°C/min. The volume of renal cell at subzero temperature have been quantified by heat latent obtained from DSC data and compared to the microscopic data. Experimental data were fitted by nonlinear regression method to calculate the water transport parameters. Also, the final volume of cell was predicted. The ice crystal formation is the vital factor for cryopreservation. Cooling rate deeply affected ice formation temperature. The faster cells are cooled, the more their contents supercool, and at some subzero temperature that supercooled cytoplasm will freeze. Intracellular ice formation (IIF) plays a central role in cell injury during cooling. Cryomicroscope and differential scanning calorimeter were used to study the relationship between cooling rate and TEIF and TIIF. And morphological changes of renal cell were also obtained by cryomicroscope. According to cryomicroscope and DSC experiments, IIF did not occur in renal cells cooled at ≤10°C/min. High cooling rate could depress the ice formation temperature.

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Yoshimori, Takashi, Masaki Fukagawa, and Hiroshi Takamatsu. "Effect of Cell-to-Surface Interaction on Freeze Tolerance and Osmotic Response of Cells." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192404.

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Cryopreservation of tissues and organs, including artificial organs, could be one of the important steps in the medical service that brings the progress in the tissue engineering to realization. In this case, high viability of cryopreserved cells is critical to recovery after transplantation. In contrast, in the cryosurgery, which is expected to expand its application as a minimally invasive treatment of cancer, malignant cells should be destructed completely to prevent from recurrence. The appropriate freeze-thaw protocol is therefore needed to be established for cryopreservation or cryosurgery depending on specific type of tissues and organs. Although it is determined empirically, the underlying mechanism of cell injury by freezing has been explored for a long time to give a scientific basis of the process. The experiments with a cell suspension showed that the cell injury during slow freezing to a relatively higher sub-zero temperature was attributed to the mechanical stress from the extracellular ice, while the effect of elevated concentration of solutes became more crucial to cell damage at lower temperatures [1]. However, there are some studies that indicates the difference in the freeze tolerance between cell suspensions and attached monolayers, some of which indicated higher susceptibility of monolayers to freezing than cell suspension [2] and the other suggested reverse [3,4]. The goal of our study is thus to validate the difference in freezing injury between isolated cells and tissues that are more important in aforementioned applications and clarify the mechanism. We used cells adhered to a surface as a first simple model of cells in tissues. The cells adhered on a surface at low number density were used to highlight the effect of cell-to-surface interaction without cell-to-cell interactions. In the present study we first demonstrate that the survival of cells adhered on a surface is lower than those in the suspension after a freeze-thaw manipulation. Then the osmotic response to concentration increase was examined to clarify if the extent of dehydration is different between these two types of cells. The cells were observed by a laser confocal scanning microscope that allows real-time 3-D observation.

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Li, Dong, Ya-Ling He, Guo-Xiang Wang, Jie Xiao, and Ying-Wen Liu. "Numerical Analysis of Cold Injury of Skin in Cryogen Spray Cooling for Dermatologic Laser Surgery." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43876.

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In laser dermatologic surgery, cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to avoid laith damage such as scars from skin burning due to the melanin absorption of the laser beam. As the cryogen is fully atomized from the nozzle, evaporation of the droplets may quickly drop the cryogen temperature below −60 °C, depending on the spray distance from the nozzle. Such a low temperature is potential to cold injury for skin. Therefore, spray process should be accurately controlled during clinical practice to achieve sufficient protection and to avoid cold injury. This study presents a numerical analysis of cold injury of skin in cryogen spray cooling for dermatologic laser surgery. The model for cryogen spray cooling of skin, developed early, is extended to include the freezing of skin cells. The model predictions include the movement of the lethal isothermals. The severity of cold injury is then quantified under various clinical conditions. The effect of initial temperature and the spurt duration on possible cold injury of skin are also investigated.

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Liu, Jing, Jing-Fu Yan, and Zhong-Shan Deng. "Nano-Cryosurgery: A Basic Way to Enhance Freezing Treatment of Tumor." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43916.

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Cryosurgery is a minimally invasive clinical technique with controlled destruction of target tissues through a specifically administrated freezing procedure. This method has now been used in a wide variety of clinical situations such as treatment of skin cancers, glaucoma, lung and prostate tumor etc. However, there still exist many bottle necks to impede the success of a cryosurgery. A most critical factor has been that insufficient or inappropriate freezing will not completely destroy the target tumor tissues, which as a result may lead to tumor regenesis and thus failure of treatment. Meanwhile, the surrounding healthy tissues may suffer from serious freeze injury due to unavoidable release of a large amount of cold from the freezing probe. To resolve this difficulty, we proposed an innovative strategy, termed as nano-cryosurgery, to significantly improve freezing efficiency of a conventional cryosurgical procedure. The basic principle of this protocol is to inject functional solution with nano particles into the target tissues, which then serves as either to maximize the freezing heat transfer process, regulate freezing scale, modify ice-ball formation orientation or prevent the surrounding healthy tissues from being frozen. Meanwhile, introduction of nanoparticles during cryosurgery could also help better image the edge of a tumor as well as the margin of the iceball. Along this direction, several progresses have been made on mechanism interpretation, theoretical modeling, numerical prediction, conceptual experimental demonstration and treatment planning etc. in the authors’ lab. This study is dedicated to present a preliminary outline on the nano-cryosurgery by summing up the aspects as mentioned above. The evident merits and shortcomings of the nano cryosurgery will be illustrated. Some potential feasibility, versatile applications and possible challenges when nanotechnology meets cryosurgery will be pointed out. It is expected that the concepts of nano-cryosurgery may suggest new opportunities for realizing a highly safe, targeted and accurate freezing therapy in future tumor clinics.

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