Journal articles: 'Freedom riders'

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Raeburn, J. "Freedom Riders." Journal of American History 98, no. 3 (November 29, 2011): 931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jar447.

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Nævestad, Tor-Olav, Alexandra Laiou, and George Yannis. "The role of values in road safety culture: Examining the relationship between valuation of freedom to take risk and accident risk among motorcycle riders and car drivers." Traffic Safety Research 3 (August 26, 2022): 000010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55329/ggnj7534.

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Focus on paternalistic values versus individual freedom is a fundamental theme, which defines the status of road safety in different settings. The present study examines the role of values related to freedom to take risk in traffic in road safety culture based on survey data from car drivers (n = 882) and motorcycle riders (n = 330) from two countries with distinctly different road safety records: Norway, which had the lowest road mortality rate in Europe with 20 road deaths per million inhabitants in 2017, and Greece, which had 69 road deaths per million inhabitants, which was well above the EU average of 50. Contrary to our first hypothesis, we do not find a statistically significant higher valuation of freedom to take risk in traffic among Greek drivers and riders than among drivers and riders from Norway. In line with our second hypothesis, we find that motorcycle riders in both countries value freedom to take risk in traffic significantly higher than car drivers in their country. Regression analyses indicate a relationship between higher valuation of freedom to take risk in traffic and risky rider behaviours, which are related to accident involvement. Our results indicate that values focusing on freedom to take risk have an important role in road safety culture, presumably legitimizing and motivating risky driving/riding. This is in line with previous research, where riders cite freedom as the main enjoyment factor for riding. Previous studies find six times higher accident risk among riders than drivers, which is explained partly by pointing to risky rider behaviours.

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Moye, Todd, and Raymond Arsenault. "Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice." Journal of Southern History 73, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27649549.

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Andrews, K. T. "Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice." Journal of American History 94, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25094940.

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Ke, Zhenxing. "Legal Judgements on the Employee Status of Platform Workers in China—A Combination of Legal Formalism and Pragmatism." China: An International Journal 21, no. 4 (November 2023): 118–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56159/chn.2023.a913142.

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Abstract: In China, labour providers can be classified as employees or independent contractors. Using food delivery riders as an example, this article collects legal judgements to investigate how judges adjudicate lawsuits regarding riders' status as workers (whether employees or independents). Legal formalism is a basic approach to legal adjudication. As a derivative of this approach, judges make use of the employee status identification rule to analyse cases by considering various factors, including riders' freedom to decide when and where to work and details of the control exerted on them. Judges are more likely to grant employee status to injured riders since the latter need workers' compensation benefits—an indication of legal pragmatism.

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Tan, Shuman, Eun Sug Park, and Jinuk Hwang. "Impact of Fare Policy Changes on Paratransit Travel Options: METROLift Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842126.

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The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County’s METROLift program implemented several revised fare policies on travel options available to eligible riders at the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. Fares changed on the METROLift paratransit single ticket and passes. A premium fare for the expanded service area and a smartcard—Freedom Q Card—that allows free ride on METRO’s fixed-route services were introduced. This paper documents analyses to determine the impact of the revised METROLift fare policies on travel patterns and travel frequency of METROLift riders. The authors used a linear segmented regression analysis to analyze data from an interrupted time series design. The results suggest that the revised fare policies controlled the growth of percentage of riders who use METROLift paratransit service in total ADA-eligible riders, while improved the awareness and willingness to use supplementary paratransit travel options, especially the fixed-route service in the base service area and the subsidy taxi service in the expanded service area.

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Ramírez, Jaime Eduardo Andrade, Yeison Andrey Gómez Rubio, and Diego Andrés Carranza Rivera. "Modelamiento Cinemático Aproximado de un Prototipo de Robot Equino de 6 Grados de Libertad Para un Simulador de Tiro." KnE Engineering 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i1.1457.

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This article shows the design, analysis and manufacturing of one equine robot prototype with six degrees of freedom along with the development and implementation of control software. This software has the purpose to drive and to calculate the robot kinematics. All of this allows studding the elements necessaries to make a simulator of shots for riders that can be used in education areas as a tool of didactic support in the courses in the police national of Colombia, ensuring that the riders do not suffer physical and psychological injuries during their formation and avoiding hurting the horses in the training of that courses. In addition, the riders can interact and experiment of safety way every situation that they could find in real practice. The system is based on the kinematic study according to the Denavit-Hartenberg algorithm, approximate simulation using Kinematic-ARM® and the mathematic medeling in the Matlab® programming environment. All tecniques give aproximate results of location of the manipulator tool. Finally, it is possible to validate and analising the results comparing the practical and theoric values to determine the TCP error estimated in each movement.Keywords: Direct kinematics, equine robot, Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H), Degrees of Freedom (DOF), Tool Center Point (TCP).

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Williams, Lee E. "Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice (review)." Alabama Review 60, no. 2 (2007): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2007.0000.

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Gao, Yihan. "Research on employee engagement of delivery riders in the background of Gig Economy: study on the relationship between psychological contract, perceived organizational support and job performance." Advances in Economic Development and Management Research 1, no. 1 (November 2, 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.61935/aedmr.1.1.2023.p9.

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The food-delivery industry has gained increasing attention for its high level of freedom and flexibility and highly rewarding employment. This study aims to explore the relationship between employee engagement and psychological contract, perceived organizational support, and job performance in the context of gig economy, which has some reference value to theory and practice. In this study, quantitative analysis was conducted with the help of the Credamo Big Data platform, and descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted on 105 sample data by SPSS27.0 and Stata 17.0. The study found a significant positive correlation between employee engagement and psychological contract, perceived organizational support, and job performance. Therefore, platform enterprises should pay attention to the psychological demands of delivery person, strengthen the perceived organizational support of platform enterprises to external selling riders, and optimize the performance appraisal system of takeout riders, so as to improve the employee engagement of takeout riders.

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10

Martin. "““Buses are a Comin'. Oh Yeah!””: Stanley Nelson on Freedom Riders." Black Camera 3, no. 1 (2011): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/blackcamera.3.1.96.

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Hudson, Berkley. "A Review of “Breach of Peace Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders”." Visual Communication Quarterly 16, no. 4 (November 23, 2009): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15551390903301352.

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Kubickova, Marketa. "The Role of Government in Tourism: Linking Competitiveness, Freedom, and Developing Economies." Czech Journal of Tourism 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2016-0005.

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AbstractIn recent years, governments of developing countries have been much more active in destination management and development than they used to be in the past. However, the challenge many governments face is to determine an appropriate level of involvement. This study investigates the role government plays in tourism competitiveness by applying a panel data analysis to the Central American region. The results reveal that government plays an important role in tourism. The data provide evidence that a new theory may emerge as it pertains to tourism and developing countries. Furthermore, such discovery only reinforces the issue of free riders tourism faces and the role of ‘shadow’ economy in the Central American region.

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Egenvall, A., H. Engström, and A. Byström. "Pilot-study of ridden walk on the circle – effects of progressive collection and lateral exercises." Comparative Exercise Physiology 18, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep210019.

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When collecting the horse, the rider influences stride length, forehand/hindquarters balance, and head-neck position. The study aim was to describe the vertical excursion of the withers and croup, and the sagittal cannon angles during collection and lateral exercises. Ten horses were ridden by five riders during 14 trials (1-5 per rider) on 10 m circles. Each trial included free walk, four degrees of increasing collection, and haunches-in and shoulderin. Inertial measurement units (100 Hz) were positioned on the withers, the first sacral vertebra (S1) and laterally on the cannons. Data for each exercise were stride-split. Range of motion (ROM), minima and maxima were studied in mixed models, controlling for stride duration. S1 vertical ROM ranged between 30-32 mm (highest degree of collection) and 51 mm (free walk), significantly smaller with increasing collection. S1 ROM during the inside hind limb step was smaller in haunches-in and shoulder-in compared to at the lowest degree of collection. Withers ROM ranged between 12 mm (lowest degree of collection) and 16-18 mm (highest degree of collection). Fore cannon protraction-retraction ROM ranged between 57° (highest degree of collection) and 63° (free walk). Hind cannon protraction-retraction ROM ranged between 47-50° (highest degree of collection) and 51-56° (free walk). All limbs had significantly smaller ROM at the highest degree of collection. Cannon ROMs were smaller for the outer limbs in haunches-in, and all limbs but the outer fore in shoulder-in, compared to the lowest degree of collection. Progressively decreasing ROM for fore- and hind limb cannons and S1 suggest that the riders achieved a shortening of the gait at higher degrees of collection. In shoulder-in and haunches-in, the diagonal oriented in the direction of motion showed decreased hind limb cannon ROM while forelimb cannon ROM was maintained, which could suggest increased shoulder freedom and collection of the targeted diagonal.

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Lüthi, Barbara. "“You Don’t Have to Ride Jim Crow”: the Freedom Riders of 1961 and the Dilemma of Mobility." International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 29, no. 4 (September 8, 2016): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10767-016-9238-2.

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15

Bush, Elizabeth. "Freedom Riders: John Lewis and Jim Zwerg on the Front Lines of the Civil Rights Movement (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, no. 8 (2006): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2006.0219.

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Goldman, Danielle. "Bodies on the Line: Contact Improvisation and Techniques of Nonviolent Protest." Dance Research Journal 39, no. 1 (2007): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767700000073.

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On the morning of May 4, 1961, a brave and motley group of travelers—seven black males, three white males, and three white females, varying in age and professional standing but all trained in nonviolence—embarked on what they called the “Freedom Ride.” Designed by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the bus ride was meant to commemorate and further the organization's 1947 Journey of Reconciliation, a non-violent test of desegregation on interstate buses that quickly disintegrated in the face of staunch resistance. This time, riders would test the 1960 Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia, which prohibited segregation in the waiting rooms and restaurants of bus terminals (Branch 1989, 390). Departing from Washington, D.C., the Freedom Ride aimed to arrive in New Orleans on May 17, the seventh anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education. Explaining that they were merely exercising rights granted by the Supreme Court but that they knew the dangers, CORE director James Farmer said, “We were prepared for the possibility of death” (Cozzens 1997). Riding the momentum of the student sit-ins, the civil rights movement had become for many a matter of “putting your body on the line” (Branch 1989, 392).

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Arantes, Mariana Oliveira. "O disco We Shall Overcome e a propagação de canções pró-direitos civis nos Estados Unidos." Música Popular em Revista 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2017): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/muspop.v4i1.13019.

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O presente artigo analisa o disco We Shall Overcome. Songs of the “Freedom Riders” and the “Sit-ins”, gravado em fevereiro de 1961 pela gravadora Folkways, na cidade de Nova Iorque. Com doze canções, sendo sete no lado A e cinco no lado B, interpretadas pelos grupos The Montgomery Gospel Trio e The Nashville Quartet e pelo cantor Guy Carawan, o disco apresenta uma parte do repertório utilizado durante os eventos relacionados ao movimento pelos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos. Nosso objetivo é compreender de que maneira distintas tradições culturais foram mobilizadas e reformuladas a fim de atenderem as demandas do movimento. Por meio da difusão de canções em diferentes suportes, como livros e discos, diversos artistas e mediadores contribuíram para a consolidação e legitimação de um cânon de canções, parte de uma determinada tradição cultural, que foi mobilizado em prol do mais influente movimento social do país.

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Schembri, Sharon. "The paradox of a legend: A visual ethnography of Harley-Davidson in Australia." Journal of Management & Organization 14, no. 4 (September 2008): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200003151.

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AbstractConsumption, especially high profile brand consumption, implicates our identities. More than that, brand consumption connects our lives to others through shared lifestyle expressions to the extent that subcultures of consumption emerge. However, as this work shows, the meaning of particular consumption objects or brands cannot be assumed. Using visual ethnography, this study describes the experiential meaning of the legendary Harley-Davidson to owners and riders in Australia. For more than three years, fieldwork was conducted primarily from within a chapter of the Harley Owners Group (HOG) and included participant observation, interviews, and visual documentation of the Harley-Davidson experience. The findings show the Australian Harley-Davidson experience to be a postmodern paradox. As an iconic American brand with a rebellious image, Harley-Davidson is readily embraced in this Australian subculture of consumption. Also, despite the widely assumed deviancy of those on a Harley-Davidson, the Australian HOG subculture is shown to uphold mainstream values in a family-friendly environment. Moreover, as an iconic symbol of freedom, this experience is achieved through regulation and organization. This work also shows the act of consuming Harley-Davidson creates the experiential meaning and postmodern spectacle that demands attention. In effect, consumers become producers in co-constructing the postmodern paradox of the (Australian) Harley-Davidson experience.

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Schembri, Sharon. "The paradox of a legend: A visual ethnography of Harley-Davidson in Australia." Journal of Management & Organization 14, no. 4 (September 2008): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.837.14.4.386.

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AbstractConsumption, especially high profile brand consumption, implicates our identities. More than that, brand consumption connects our lives to others through shared lifestyle expressions to the extent that subcultures of consumption emerge. However, as this work shows, the meaning of particular consumption objects or brands cannot be assumed. Using visual ethnography, this study describes the experiential meaning of the legendary Harley-Davidson to owners and riders in Australia. For more than three years, fieldwork was conducted primarily from within a chapter of the Harley Owners Group (HOG) and included participant observation, interviews, and visual documentation of the Harley-Davidson experience. The findings show the Australian Harley-Davidson experience to be a postmodern paradox. As an iconic American brand with a rebellious image, Harley-Davidson is readily embraced in this Australian subculture of consumption. Also, despite the widely assumed deviancy of those on a Harley-Davidson, the Australian HOG subculture is shown to uphold mainstream values in a family-friendly environment. Moreover, as an iconic symbol of freedom, this experience is achieved through regulation and organization. This work also shows the act of consuming Harley-Davidson creates the experiential meaning and postmodern spectacle that demands attention. In effect, consumers become producers in co-constructing the postmodern paradox of the (Australian) Harley-Davidson experience.

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Chen, Chih-Keng, Trung-Dung Chu, and Xiao-Dong Zhang. "Modeling and Control of an Active Stabilizing Assistant System for a Bicycle." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020248.

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This study designs and controls an active stabilizing assistant system (ASAS) for a bicycle. Using the gyroscopic effect of two spinning flywheels, the ASAS generates torques that assist the rider to stabilize the bicycle in various riding modes. Riding performance and the rider’s safety are improved. To simulate the system dynamic behavior, a model of a bicycle–rider system with the ASAS on the rear seat is developed. This model has 14 degrees of freedom and is derived using Lagrange equations. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the ASAS in interacting with the rider’s control actions, simulations of the bicycle–rider system with the ASAS are conducted. The results for the same rider for the bicycle with an ASAS and on a traditional bicycle are compared for various riding conditions. In three cases of simulation for different riding conditions, the bicycle with the proposed ASAS handles better, with fewer control actions being required than for a traditional bicycle.

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Kinard, Joy. "Eric Etheridge, Roger W. Wilkins, and Diane McWhorter. Breach of Peace: Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2018. Pp. 280. $29.95 (paper)." Journal of African American History 106, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/712012.

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Greenland, Hall, and Ann Curthoys. "Freedom Ride: A Freedom Rider Remembers." Labour History, no. 88 (2005): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516052.

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He, Qichang, Xiumin Fan, and Dengzhe Ma. "Full Bicycle Dynamic Model for Interactive Bicycle Simulator." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2121749.

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An interactive bicycle simulator with six degrees of freedom motion system could bring the rider a very realistic riding feeling. An important component of the simulator is the full bicycle dynamic model that simulated the two-wheeled bicycle dynamics. It consists of two slightly coupled submodels: The stability submodel and the vibration submodel. The stability submodel solves the stability of the bicycle under rider’s active maneuvers and the vibration submodel evaluates the vibration response of the bicycle due to uneven road surface. The model was validated by several experiments and successfully applied to the interactive bicycle simulator.

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Sharp, R. S., and D. J. N. Limebeer. "On steering wobble oscillations of motorcycles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406042690434.

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The paper is aimed at an improved understanding of steering wobble oscillations of motorcycles through simulation. The background to the problem is discussed first. Then, an existing mathematical model of a manoeuvring motorcycle and rider is extended to include a yaw freedom for the upper body of the rider. The rider upper body and arm structural parameters are chosen in the light of newly published results from the testing of human subjects in a driving simulator, with forced motion of the steering wheel by means of an electric motor. Results show that steering wobble oscillations grow more vigorously as their amplitude increases beyond a few degrees of steering and that the stabilizing influence of the rider's tensing his/her muscles in response to a growing wobble problem is small. The work supports the idea that any machine which has a very lightly damped wobble mode at some operating condition may be made unstable by an unusual set of initial conditions and that the natural response of the rider to the problem will be largely ineffective. This idea is closely aligned with anecdotal accounts from general motorcycle usage.

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Sterling, Peter. "Why I joined the Freedom Rides." Current Biology 31, no. 12 (June 2021): R766—R770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.002.

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Moore, Louis. "Freedom's Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides (review)." American Studies 50, no. 1 (2009): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ams.2011.0026.

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Singh, S. D., Rakesh Mathur, and R. K. Srivastava. "Optimization of dynamically sensitive parameters of Linke Hofmann Busch coach considering suspended equipment using design of experiment." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 12 (March 14, 2019): 1793–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319832720.

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The high speed coach running on irregular track is always accompanied by inferior comfort for the passengers. The optimal design of coach parameters improving comfort level can be achieved through response analysis. The present study is concerned with the optimization of Linke Hofmann Busch rail coach design parameters to augment comfort level. The coach body and bogie frame under four degrees of freedom are modeled with the finite element method to obtain dynamic parameters of the coach, that is, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The sensitivity analysis based on partial derivatives against frequency response function displacement with respect to various design parameters is conducted, and most influential coach parameters are optimized through computer experimentation using central composite design and response surface methodology of design of experiment (DOE). Using modal parameters obtained as above and Indian Rail Road power spectral density of track irregularities, both vertical and lateral responses are determined at vicinity to the center mass of coach body in a 0.1– 40 Hz frequency range of interest. Results conclude that peak vertical responses occur in 0 – 10 Hz, whereas peak lateral responses fall at still lower frequency representing long wavelength irregularities of track that causes discomfort to vehicle riders. Findings of the research work embodied herein reveal that the left end bio toilet tank mass has least effect on response. Also, these findings suggest scope for further attainment in comfort level by computer experimentation for combinations of three coach design parameters (wheel base, equivalent primary, and secondary suspension stiffness) on minimizing the response level without altering the basic design of the coach model. The present paper represents a significant move forward on the dynamic analysis of coach body considering suspended equipment, sensitivity analysis through mathematical approach rather than step parametric variation, and its optimization through DOE, which have not been addressed earlier. The outcome of the paper may help rail coach designers to modify coach design parameters for better comfort level, even in the low frequency range of operation.

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Peters, Rikke Louise. "Easy Rider og drømmen om frihed." Slagmark - Tidsskrift for idéhistorie, no. 60 (March 9, 2018): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sl.v0i60.103984.

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Peters Fondas road movie Easy Rider forms the spine in this essay, whichhunts the idea of freedom on the road. The essay first takes a closer lookat Easy Rider and the ideals the creators of the film wanted to describe.Then moves on to take a closer look at later political receptions of the film and finally takes a closer look at the ideals that bring young women tochase freedom on the roads.

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Murphy, John M. "Domesticating dissent: The Kennedys and the freedom rides." Communication Monographs 59, no. 1 (March 1992): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637759209376249.

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Neeman, Z. "The freedom to contract and the free-rider problem." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 15, no. 3 (October 1, 1999): 685–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/15.3.685.

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Siswadi, Gede Agus, and I. Dewa Ayu Puspadewi. "FILOSOFI RIDEO ERGO SUM: MEMAKNAI MANUSIA SEBAGAI MAKHLUK YANG TERTAWA (HOMO RIDENS)." Widya Katambung 15, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33363/wk.v15i1.1156.

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The phrase rideo ergo sum or I laugh because I exist is a philosophy that has a very deep meaning. This is because only humans are able to laugh or are referred to as homo ridens while animals cannot. Although there are animal sounds that resemble laughter, they are not a form of laughter like in humans. Laughter is not a form of meaningless expression. Many things can be obtained by interpreting humans as homo ridens. This research uses library research method with Miles and Huberman analysis pattern. The results in this study are 1). Laughter is a form of authenticity from humans, humans need humor and laughter as an expression of the happiness they experience, humans are unique because humans are able to laugh (homo ridens) as their characteristic. 2). Laughter has a philosophy, because laughing is a form of freedom of expression, and laughter is a form of reality of human freedom. 3). Various things are obtained by humans as homo ridens, especially in the health, so that laughing yoga is a form of actualization of the homo ridens.

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WEBB, CLIVE. "“A Cheap Trafficking in Human Misery”: The Reverse Freedom Rides of 1962." Journal of American Studies 38, no. 2 (August 2004): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875804008436.

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Shortly after 7 o'clock on the morning of 20 April 1962, Louis and Dorothy Boyd arrived at the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City. The journey from their native New Orleans had taken forty-three hours. With the Boyds were their eight children, five girls and three boys aged between three and twelve years old. Between them the family carried their entire worldly possessions in three cardboard boxes and an old foot locker.

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Griffin, Maryam S. "Freedom Rides in Palestine: racial segregation and grassroots politics on the bus." Race & Class 56, no. 4 (March 30, 2015): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396814567410.

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Singh, Ajay Kr. "Bhabani Bhattacharya Vs ‘He Who Rides A Tiger’." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 05, no. 01 (February 15, 2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202003.

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Bhabani Bhattacharya’s ‘He Who Rides a Tiger’ is yet another novel of man’s epic struggle against the unjust social equations which are as old as the ancient vedic civilization. It is the story of a blacksmith, Kalo, living in a small town, Jharana, in Bengal, and his daughter, Chandra Lekha. It is set against the backdrop of a widespread famine of Bengal of 1943. Though ‘He Who Rides a Tiger’ and ‘So Many Hungers’ treat the theme of hunger, exploitation and debasement of man, ‘He Who Rides a Tiger’ is no rehash of the latter novel. It launches a scathing critisism on the evil of caste system which has been the bane of Indian society. Arguably the writer’s best novel, it touches the pulse of the irony of Indian social life. The Indian social realities are presented with increasing bitterness within the perspective of the freedom movement. Its greatness as a piece of literature lies in its assertion of tremendous potentialities of the spiritual growth of man, and a thorough exposure of an imperfect social system.

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Zhang, Zong Tao, Quan Man Zhao, and Wan Qiao Yang. "Pavement Roughness Indices Related to Riding Comfort." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.180.

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The most widely used pavement roughness index is the international roughness index (IRI), but it is a poor predictor of ride comfort. In addition, the rider has not yet been included in the vehicle model used to evaluate pavement roughness. In this paper, in order to evaluate the comfort of the rider directly and consider the effects on ride comfort of pitch movement, a five-degree-freedom vibration model was built when a rider was added to a pitch-plane vehicle model. The vertical weighted root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration of the rider was suggested to be pavement roughness indices, which were related to ride comfort, respectively. The new roughness indices were calculated and a new pavement roughness evaluation method was developed.

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Barnhill, John H. "ReviewDerek Charles Catsam, Freedom’s Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009. Pp. 432. Cloth $50.00." Journal of African American History 95, no. 1 (January 2010): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5323/jafriamerhist.95.1.0115.

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Haberkorn, Tyrell. "Dictatorship, Monarchy, and Freedom of Expression in Thailand." Journal of Asian Studies 77, no. 4 (November 2018): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911818002528.

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On December 4, 2016, Jatupat Boonpattararaksa, known by his nickname “Pai,” then a law student at Khon Kaen University in northeastern Thailand, was arrested and accused of violating Article 112 of the Thai Criminal Code, or defaming, insulting, or threatening the king, queen, heir-apparent, or regent. Two days prior, he had shared to Facebook a biography of the new king, Maha Vajiralongkorn, or Rama X, who became king following the death of his father, Bhumipol Adulyadej, Rama IX, on October 13, 2016. The BBC Thai biography was candid and highlighted Vajiralongkorn's string of wives, his four abandoned sons, and his conferral of a military rank on his pet dog, as well as his recent bike rides for charity (BBC Thai 2016). Over 2,600 people shared the BBC Thai link, but Pai was the only person to be arrested in December 2016 and the only person to be prosecuted to date (TLHR 2017a). The complaint that led to Pai's arrest was filed by Lieutenant Colonel Phitakphon Chusri, a Khon Kaen–based soldier who has followed him closely.

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Griffin, Maryam S. "Transcending enclosures by bus: Public transit protests, frame mobility, and the many facets of colonial occupation." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 298–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20929405.

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In this article, I investigate three public transit-centered Palestinian political actions in the West Bank and argue that the activists’ framing choices facilitate particular forms of global solidarity. The bus-centered political actions I examine are the Palestinian Freedom Rides of 2011, the Freedom Bus of 2014, and the bus sabotage of 2013. I demonstrate that the activists and participants in each of these cases dexterously move among a collection of terminological frames, invoking racial segregation, racism, and apartheid alongside occupation and colonialism. This rhetorical movement parallels the physical movement that the bus enables and represents. In turn, both forms of movement carry Palestinian political messages beyond the Israeli enclosures in order to connect with diverse solidarity audiences and educate them about Palestinian experiences of im/mobilization.

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Ajayi, Arinola Bola, Ediketin Ojogho, Surajudeen Adetoun Adewusi, Sunday Joshua Ojolo, Julio Cesar Costa Campos, and Antonio Marcos de Oliveira Siqueira. "Parametric study of rider’s comfort in a vehicle with semi-active suspension system under transient road conditions." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 9, no. 5 (January 20, 2023): 15287–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl9iss5pp15287-01e.

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Considering that many Nigerian roads are untarred, the effect of frequent plying of these untarred roads on passengers and the expected performance of suspension system of vehicles are important for health and safety reasons. This is significant because the transmission of vibration associated with suspension systems are dependent on the frequency spectrum of the road input, and the nature of the suspension system and the vehicle seating arrangement that is producing the vibration. Thus, this study focuses on the discomfort experienced by passengers based on parametric study of vehicle with semi-active suspension system under transient road conditions. The modeling of the of semi-active vehicle suspension system properties are contrived on the mass- spring damper system for 4 degree-of–freedom half- car model integrated with 3 degrees of freedom human-seat arrangement. Using vehicle parameters, the severity of ride discomfort experienced by the passenger as the vehicle traversed transient road conditions (i.e., traversing obstruction) was evaluated in terms of the vibration dose value (VDV). Results of simulation based on the parametric studies are presented and the vibration dose values evaluated to show the dependence of vehicle ride comfort on the characteristics of the various elements of the vehicle suspension such as stiffness and damping characteristics. The result showed that the variation of sprung mass and suspension stiffness of the vehicle had more significant effects on passenger discomfort than the variation of the unsprung mass. The parametric study also revealed that suspension stiffness affects the suspension working space as the vehicle traversed transient road condition.

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Kallina, Edmund F., and David Niven. "The Politics of Injustice: The Kennedys, the Freedom Rides, and the Electoral Consequences of a Moral Compromise." Journal of Southern History 70, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648462.

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O'Reilly, Kenneth. "The FBI and the Civil Rights Movement during the Kennedy Years--from the Freedom Rides to Albany." Journal of Southern History 54, no. 2 (May 1988): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2209399.

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Williams, Dana M. "Happiness and freedom in direct action: critical mass bike rides as ecstatic ritual, play, and temporary autonomous zones." Leisure Studies 37, no. 5 (June 5, 2018): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1480650.

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Perrotta, Katherine. "America's First Freedom Rider: Elizabeth Jennings, Chester A. Arthur, and the Early Fight for Civil Rights by Jerry Mikorenda." New York History 101, no. 2 (2020): 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nyh.2020.0033.

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Edmonds, Penelope. "Unofficial apartheid, convention and country towns: reflections on Australian history and the New South Wales Freedom Rides of 1965." Postcolonial Studies 15, no. 2 (June 2012): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2012.693043.

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Crosby, E. "Freedom's Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides. By Derek Charles Catsam. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009. xiv, 421 pp. $50.00, ISBN 978-0-8131-2511-4.)." Journal of American History 96, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/96.3.918.

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Mahmudur, Mahmudur. "India-Bhutan Relations: A Small State’s Quest for Freedom." Research in Economics and Management 7, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): p29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v7n2p29.

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Bhutan is located on the eastern ridges of the Himalayas between the Assam-Bengal Plain of India to the south and the Plateau of Tibet of southwestern China to the north. In British India the colonial administration established a classical hegemonic relationship with the remote kingdom. In the Treaty of Punakha (1910) the sovereignty of the Bhutanese Royal government was recognized in exchange for submitting control of foreign relations to the British. In independent India, the Himalayan Kingdoms were sandwiched between India and China, facing an uncertain future about their political sovereignty. India concluded a new Treaty with Bhutan (the India-Bhutan Treaty of Peace and Friendship) in 1949, which was designed to remain in force “in perpetuity,” consolidating the essence of the British hegemonic policy of controlling smaller neighbors, with India being the new imperial power. Bhutan became a member state of the UN in 1971 after India finally agreed to sponsor its application, but the small state has limited authority to conduct foreign relations without prior consent from India, and it does not even enjoy formal diplomatic relationship with any of the five permanent members in the United Nations. Bhutan’s quest to wield control over its own affairs free of the influence of India remains unfulfilled.

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DONOVAN, GUY. "LESS THAN THEY BARGAINED FOR: UNION BARGAINING FEES IN CERTIFIED AGREEMENTS- A MATTER OF LAW, POLITICS OR PUBLIC POLICY?" Deakin Law Review 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2005vol10no2art285.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>The High Court of Australia’s decision in </span><span>Electrolux No 3</span><span>, combined with the Australian government’s changes to workplace relations law, has en- sured that unions are prohibited from charging bargaining fees. The gov- ernment claimed to have prohibited the fees on the basis that they offend the principle of “freedom of association”. However, the government failed to consider other policy considerations and considerable international precedents that suggest if bargaining fees are limited to an amount cover- ing bargaining services alone, they provide unions with a beneficial source of financial security, whilst also overcoming the free-rider problem and maintaining respect for the concept of voluntary unionism. Therefore, it is perhaps incorrect to suggest that the prohibition of bargaining fees was prescribed by the government on the basis of some overriding concern for the freedom of association. Rather it seems more realistic to suggest that freedom of association was the guise under which the government was able to further marginalise the role of unions in industrial relations in or- der to promote its own ideological and economic agenda</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>

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Lee, Wonsik, Byung-Rok So, Youngdae Lee, and Chanwoo Moon. "A new robotic horseback-riding simulator for riding lessons and equine-assisted therapy." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 172988141878443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418784433.

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Robotic horseback-riding simulators have been successfully used as a substitute for real horses in areas of therapy, riding lessons, fitness, and entertainment, and several have been developed. However, recent research has illuminated significant differences in motion, response, and feel between a real horse and a simulator, which may result in incorrect posture and muscle memory for the rider. In this study, we developed a hybrid kinematic structure horseback-riding simulator to provide more realistic motion than currently available ones. The basic system has 4 degrees of freedom and provides a base motion platform. An additional revolving system with 2 degrees of freedom is mounted on the base platform. Real horse motion data were captured, normalized, filtered, and fitted to provide the motion trajectory. Furthermore, active neck, saddle, and tail mechanisms were implemented to provide realistic simulation. For interactive horse riding, bridle and beat sensors were included to control the simulator motion and a large screen was installed for virtual reality effect. Expert tests were conducted to evaluate the developed horseback-riding system, the results of which indicated that the developed simulator was considered sufficient for riding lessons and therapeutic use.

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Dräger, Regina. "Meinungsfreiheit in der digitalen Welt." Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft 102, no. 1 (2019): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-7869-2019-1-78.

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The communication via internet is simple. Thanks to low access barriers and widespread occasions for unimpeded development it is almost an ideal medium for the exchange of ideas and therefore seems particularly suited for the exercise of constitutional freedom. Yet, wherever the freedom of expression is exercised it must also be able to develop its protective functions and it is within this context that the open structure constitutes a challenge to the interpretation of fundamental rights. In order to counteract the premature conclusion that new situations require new solutions, it is advisable to first take a closer look at established structures and ways of interpreting fundamental rights. In particular the approaches and structural concepts inherent in Helmut Ridder’s concept of fundamental rights and its evolution to the transsubjective dimension of fundamental rights could be of use for a concept of fundamental rights that appears to be adequate to these and possibly also future challenges.

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Sandoval-Strausz, A. K. "Travelers, Strangers, and Jim Crow: Law, Public Accommodations, and Civil Rights in America." Law and History Review 23, no. 1 (2005): 53–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000000055.

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Public accommodations—hotels, trains, restaurants, steamboats, theaters, buses, motels, and the like—were for more than a century located at the epicenter of legal and political struggles for racial equality. From the age of Reconstruction to the civil rights movement of the mid-twentieth century, civil rights in public places stood alongside voting rights, school integration, and equal opportunity in employment and housing as conditions that black people and their allies claimed as necessary attributes of a just society. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 and the Supreme Court rulings in theCivil Rights Casesand especially inPlessy v. Fergusonwere critical episodes in the career of Jim Crow in the nineteenth century, followed in the twentieth by the Montgomery bus boycott, the sit-ins, the Freedom Rides, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Freedom riders'

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