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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Freedom of information – China'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Tsang, Elsie, and 曾芷詩. "Accountability or secrecy: a study of the government's access to information policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965076.

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2

Guile, Andrea Mia Saturno. "A study of accountability and open government in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14034736.

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3

Chen, Yongxi, and 陳詠熙. "An empty promise of freedom of information? : assessing the legislative and judicial protection of the right of access of government information in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197074.

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This thesis assesses and explains the effectiveness of the legal regime for government transparency in China, with a focus on the legislative and judicial protection of citizens’ right of access to information (ATI), through a combination of normative doctrinal analysis and empirical investigation. In 2007, China promulgated the Regulation on Open Government Information (ROGI),which implicitly created a general and legally enforceable ATI right, thereby establishing a regime akin to the freedom of information (FOI) regimes that prevail in many countries worldwide. However, this nascent regime appears to have had mixed, and rather confusing, effects. Existent assessments of the regime’s effectiveness have concentrated either on the ROGI text or on data concerning bureaucratic performance and the extra-legal factors affecting that performance, but have failed to consider sufficiently the perplexities and peculiarities of the Chinese legal system that bear heavily on the ROGI’s operation. This thesis constitutes an attempt to make both substantive and methodological contributions to research in this field. The thesis is organized into three main areas. First, it analyses the relation between the ruling Communist Party’s policies and the making of local and national transparency legislation. It finds that the legislative endorsement of an ATI right resulted from several of the Party’s reform goals, which include not only the facilitation of economic prosperity and social progress but also the fostering of government accountability and public participation. These goals, although with respective limitations, overlap with the values underlying FOI law. Second, it examines the labyrinth of Chinese laws, regulations and other legal norms that regulate the disclosure of government information, particularly the ROGI and Law on Guarding State Secrets, and evaluates them against international best practice standards on FOI law. It finds that the overall legislative framework lags behind international standards, largely because it fails to stipulate a presumption of disclosure and contains multi-layered restrictions on access, thereby leaving administrative organs with an enormous degree of discretion. Third, it reviews 169 judicial decisions collected through methods specially designed to ensure their representativeness. It distils the major trends in the interpretations made and rules set by the courts and finds that, by placing restrictions on access to court, imposing a need test, failing to scrutinize state secret claims, deferring to administrative discretion in applying exemptions and avoiding injunctive relief, the courts have further reduced the normative scope of the ATI right. It argues that this inadequate judicial protection is caused not by limitations on judicial power with respect to that right, but primarily by the abandonment of duty on the part of most courts, which have either misapplied the law or deviated from the guiding cases and legal doctrine that maintain the coherence of laws and judicial autonomy. Owing to the combined effect of a weak legislative framework and largely impotent judicial protection, the ATI right has been virtually deprived of its function to enable the citizenry to monitor and check the government. It has also failed to fulfil its potential in protecting citizens’ personal and property rights. In this regard, China’s ATI right falls far short of a genuine right to freedom of information. These findings provide a necessary basis for a more accurate assessment of China’s open government information regime and a more perceptive comparison of this peculiarly Chinese regime with the FOI regimes of other countries. They also shed new light on the operation of judicial review in China. Furthermore, they indicate the barriers that must be overcome in future reforms to achieve a genuine FOI environment and highlight the interconnectedness of any such reform measures.
published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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4

Tsang, Elsie. "Accountability or secrecy : a study of the government's access to information policy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17507777.

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5

Ma, Mei-wah Iris, and 馬美華. "A review of the access to information policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196543X.

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6

張雯吉. "論企業商業秘密權與自由擇業權的衝突與平衡 :以競業禁止為研究視角 = A discussion on the conflicts and balances between the right of the commercial secrets and the right of freedom in choosing a job : based on the "non compete aggrement"." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950703.

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7

Lee, Yu-Jung. "Human rights in China : freedom of religion and freedom of movement compared." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423447.

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8

Wang, Jia. "Copyright : rebalancing the public and private interests in the areas of education and research." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85834.

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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
The general public should have wide access to copyrighted materials for education and research. However, since the current copyright law system subtly favors copyright holders, it is time to re-evaluate copyright law to ensure it meets its original purpose of promoting the learning of the society. The research primarily focuses on how to broaden copyright limitations and exceptions for the public to access and use learning materials. Within the framework of the copyright law system, other mechanisms that allow users to access copyrighted materials at a reasonable price also are considered. Such mechanisms include an efficient collective copyright management system and various licensing schemes. In an information network environment, it is time for developing countries to reform copyright law in order to promote education and research. It is hoped the findings of this study not only benefit South Africa and People's Republic of China, but also provide insights and guidelines to other developing countries with similar conditions.

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9

Yang, Yingxue. "Media Freedom in China: State, Society and Culture : A Comparative case study of Press Freedom between China and Taiwan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60280.

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Freedom of speech is a fundamental human rights. In Article 19 of United Nations Declaration of Human Rights declared “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” China claims that the citizens of People’s Republic of China have the right of freedom of speech in Chinese current Constitution. However, Chinese journalists are barely able to express news freely, and the media freedom has become to a serious problem in modern China. On the other hand, Taiwan’s media freedom is considered to be the best in Asia according to Freedom House. In this thesis, the author will research media freedom in China through a comparative case study, where the differences between Chinese and Taiwanese media will be explored. The thesis looks at how Chinese and Taiwanese media practice media freedom and how the Chinese media is constrained. As a comparative case study, Chinese and Taiwanese media reports on the Mong Kok civil unrest in 2016 is used since the events in Hong Kong are of interest to both sets of media. Both quantitative and qualitative research method was used to do the data collection, and in analysis of the cases, critical discourse analysis is applied along with Trilling’s three models. The research shows that the Chinese and Taiwanese media displayed obvious differences in their reporting of the Mong Kok civil unrest, they have different news quantities, article size, photo usage, news angle, key messages and thematic structure, as well as the means of expression. According to the analysis of these differences, the Chinese media freedom was limited to a great extent. In addition, the Chinese media was socially constrained by the deep-rooted sense of Democratic Centralism and Confucian value both in national leaders and citizens.

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10

Amira, Mostafa. "Freedom of information and women rights." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13509.

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The paper is an explanation of women’s practices in the processes that have led to the formulation, enactment and implementation of laws or policies that enable citizen to enjoy the freedom of information and be informed in the custody of the government. Freedom of information allows the citizens of any country to have the right of access to official information to held and custody their government thus promoting transparency and accountability. It invokes an obligation on the part of the government to facilitate easy access to information under its docket to publish important information pro-actively and regularly for general public use. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13509

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11

Hsieh, Kuo-Lien. "Freedom of information in the European Union." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29163.

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This thesis is in three parts. The first and second parts analyse the development of the law and policy on freedom of information in the European Economic Community and European Union between 1984 and 2004. These two parts focus on how the Council, the Commission, and the Parliament enacted and implemented the rules on FOI protection, and on the role of the Community court in this field. The third part examines the roles of the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman, which have supplemented the role of the Court in securing this right. As to the objectives of this project: on the one hand, it seeks to understand the degree of legal protection offered to freedom of information in the Union over the last two decades; on the other, it seeks to identify how the current EU FOI regime could be improved. First of all, we consider the major controversies surrounding FOI law and policy between 1984 and 2004. In particular, this thesis focuses on the extent to which the 2001 FOI Regulation addresses the pre-existing obstacles to FOI protection. Secondly, the exceptions in Article 4(1) and Article 4(2) of the 2001 Regulation can be categorised as mandatory and discretionary respectively, but the distinction between the two provisions is vague. This indistinct dividing line should be removed to end the misunderstanding that the Council, the Commission, and the Parliament are entitled to refuse requests systematically when invoking the so-called mandatory exceptions. Thirdly, we take into account the principles established by the 2001 Regulation, the EC Treaty, or by the Court to guide the interpretation of the exceptions laid down in the Regulation. Fourthly, we argue that the EU legislator should expressly incorporate the principle of proportionality into the 2001 Regulation. Finally, we analyse recent initiatives to adopt a constitution for Europe.

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12

Lamble, Stephen. "Computer-assisted reporting and freedom of information /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16917.pdf.

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13

Batters, Elizabeth. "Freedom of Information and the British Political Tradition." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505737.

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14

Kelly, Nicholas M. "The freedom of information hacked: console cowboys, computer wizards, and personal freedom in the digital age." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6778.

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“The Freedom of Information Hacked: Console Cowboys, Computer Wizards, and Personal Freedom in the Digital Age” examines depictions of computer hackers in fiction, the media, and popular culture, assessing how such depictions both influence and reflect popular conceptions of hackers and what they do. In doing so, the dissertation demonstrates the central concerns of hacker stories—concerns about digital security, privacy, and the value of information—have become the concerns of digital culture as a whole, hackers laying bare collective hopes and fears regarding digital networks.

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15

McMasters, Paul K. "Freedom of Information is Not Just a Media Issue." Department of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581685.

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The John Peter Zenger & Anna Catherine Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1999 / "Freedom of Information is Not Just a Media Issue" by Paul K. McMasters / April 27, 2000

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16

Gibbons, Amy. "Classification work and the Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/73050/.

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17

Stavem, Christine M. "A Chronological Analysis of the Freedom of Information Act." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292139.

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18

Maynard, Robert C. "Earthquakes, Freedom and the Future." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583007.

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The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1989 / Earthquakes, Freedom and the Future by Robert C. Maynard, The Oakland Tribune / Tucson, Arizona, November 10, 1989

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19

Ching, Chee-fong. "A comparative study of press control in Singapore and the People's Republic of China." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425532.

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20

Gibbons, Amy Catherine. "Classification work and the UK Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655737.

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This thesis develops a new way of thinking about, and examining what is required to make classification do its work. Current studies of classification work define it as the process through which some 'thing' is attributed to, or made to be an instance of, a category. More specifically, classification work is the process of constructing socio-material mediators that will enact categories in such a way that a particular thing can become seen as (or taken as) being an instance of that category. Thus, these socio-material mediators are 'actors' (as defined in Social and Technology Studies (STS) and by Bowker and Star (1999) in particular). As such, these actors have the ability to 'authorize, allow, afford, encourage, permit, suggest, influence, block, render possible [and] forbid' (Latour, 2005: 72) and serve as both enactors and mediators of the associations in which they are embedded. This framing of classification work tends to treat actors (and categories) as pre-existing to the relationship in which they find themselves. It assumes that there is a structure through which categories will reveal themselves to provide a destination for things. In instances where the thing is considered residual to the existing structure, further classification work may be needed to prevent it being dumped in an 'other' category and to create new knowledge. This thesis draws on the work of Barad (2003) and argues that categories and things (which she terms 'relata') do not pre-exist their relations. For a thing to be engaged and tied to a category it has already been entangled in a series of associations. Studies of classification to date embody this understanding by researching how the context in which classifications take place shapes the work conducted. This deconstruction of social-material ties is the foundation of the social constructionist argument, which informs this thesis and its associated research methodology. In this perspective there is a need to open the 'black boxes' in order to reveal how these 'categories' and 'instances' are enacted in order to more fully understand how classifications come to matter and be legitimated. It is argued that in order to address this issue of ongoing enactment we need to understand how and through what classification is made to work in different settings. This is revealed through the examination of the 'thread' that is weaved (or more specifically, enacted) from its initial instance to its corresponding actor. Bowker and Star (1999; 2000) refer to these as 'filiations'. As such one might say that the core focus of this thesis is how filiations are made to work, in order to produce/enact classifications practices. The thesis examines the ways in which classifications are informed by institutional structure and practices at two public bodies through a series of case based vignettes. Specifically this comprised of the work entailed in classifying information, in these institutions, requested under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. These classification practices will be examined in order to explore the necessary conditions required for classification to do its work. In exploring the supposed (or rather enacted) links between entities and the categories in the legislation it is possible to show how a variety of socio-material practices are required to make classification work. Upon reflecting on the empirical material across both sites, this thesis concludes (in agreement with former studies) that the context or space of the classification work is indeed an important factor in legitimating decisions. What is additionally required is an understanding of the performative nature of the socio-material classification practices which enables the actors to enact their obligations under the legislation. Socio-material classification practices are therefore performatively embedded in the production of the filiations in order to fulfil the requirements of the legislation. The thesis shows that it is through the social-material production of filiators (as mediators) that classification (or the implementation of the law) is made to work.

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21

Tant, A. P. "Freedom of information : A challenge to the British political tradition?" Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374724.

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22

Dyer, Jr Richard H. "The Freedom of Information Act: Its Use by the Media." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292194.

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23

Ainsworth, Joseph C. "Government controls of American correspondents in China." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5663.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 10, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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24

Byrne, John Alexander (Alex). "The politics of promoting freedom of information and expression in international librarianship." University of Sydney. Government and International Relations, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/555.

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In 1997 the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) initiated a project to promote and defend the right to information. This decision to engage proactively with human rights was a radical expansion of the profession�s self-conception. Applying an action research methodology, this study traces the development and implementation of the Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE) initiative. It traces the origins of the decision, and assesses the outcomes of its first five years as it developed from a project into a continuing and central program of the Federation. Both the internal effects on IFLA and the consequences of the project for the profession of librarianship are explored. The thesis locates the key decision in the history of librarianship, its growth as a profession paralleling the development of libraries as institutions. In turn, the decision is also located in IFLA�s own history, and the way it survived and worked to advance the ideas and tools of librarianship amid difficult and changing international environments. The politics of professionalism is at the core of the study. The disturbing innovation which FAIFE represented took IFLA outside its traditional focus on the status and techniques of the profession, postulating a new role for the Federation. By investing librarianship with a higher responsibility, it has gone further than the now widely accepted expectation that professionals will place community interests before organisational and personal interests at all times. The responsibility to promote the fundamental human right to information has been embraced as the key principle underlying and informing library and information service, the touchstone for evaluating professional priorities. This locates the primary purpose of the profession outside the profession�s institutional base in a supranational, absolute and almost universally recognised social goal. Adopting these aspirations and this role carried many dangers for IFLA. It would inevitably seem a deviation into politics by some. It heightened the risks of both internal dissent and external criticism. It challenged the habitus of disinterested professionalism by invoking a more interventionist social responsibility for IFLA, its constituent library associations and the broader profession. It drew on evolving and contested understandings of professional responsibilities in a complex global environment and has redrawn the accepted boundaries of professional discourse in librarianship. At least so far, the consequences have been beneficial for IFLA, reinforcing its jurisdiction and strengthening the Federation. As an international federation of professional associations, IFLA faces particular challenges in working across diverse national traditions, ideologies and cultures. Its existence and effectiveness rest primarily on internal cohesiveness. Its capacity to develop the FAIFE initiative into a program without schism, and indeed with growing support, has strengthened rather than weakened its organisational capacities. Through that process IFLA has reinvented itself, to a considerable degree, as a form of transnational social movement organisation. It has developed strong relationships with other civil society organisations while maintaining its position as a respected international professional body. It has strengthened its position by becoming a vigorous advocate for the right to information, thereby becoming an actor in the growing international concern with human rights. This study of a decisive period in IFLA�s history offers a rare example of an international professional association in transition. In examining this project to promote unrestricted access to information as the reciprocal right of freedom of expression, the research is a case study of the politics of an expanding sense of professionalism. IFLA�s experience is pertinent to a range of other organisations, and is itself part of the realignment of international political discourse in response to the growing influence of international organisations and the priority of human rights in international political agendas.

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25

盧月華 and Yuet-wah Isabella Lo. "Exploration of the People's Republic of China's tolerance of the policy of freedom of religious belief." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978137.

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26

Repeta, Lawrence. "The Birth of Freedom of Information Act in Japan: Kanagawa 1982." MIT Japan Program, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7539.

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27

Sebina, P. M. I. M. "Freedom of Information and records management : a learning curve for Botswana." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445052/.

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Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation is mostly adopted on the presumption that good records management exists. However, it is pertinent that the functionality of records management in the creation, management and making records available for access internally within government and externally to citizens be established as the legislation is being planned for. Through the planning process, the capacities of records management in providing access to information will be known. This study employs a Grounded Theory based methodology on data collected from Botswana, Ireland, Malawi, South Africa and the UK to discern Botswana's preparedness for FOI legislation in line with the country's national aspiration, Vision 2016. It also uses the same data to unearth relationships that exist between records management and FOI legislation. The study has established that constitutional guarantees on access to information are an inadequate measure to enable citizens to gain direct access to official information. As a result, countries which regulate access to information through the guarantees have to adopt FOI legislation so as to effectuate them. The adoption of the legislation should be founded on the democratic ideal of enhancing the capacity of citizens in developing and offering informed consent including improving their participation in their governance. The law should also be predicated on the obligation of government in accounting to citizens as well as empowering them to hold it to account. In addition, the law should be based on an environment which would enable citizens to formulate, develop and demonstrate trust in the governance process. Lastly FOI legislation should be built on a good records management system which will provide an assurance that the governance process is well documented, and its records can be availed for access. Through the diverse case study countries, the study has established that Botswana is prepared for the adoption of FOI legislation. However, as the country works towards adoption of the legislation, it should strive to evaluate the efficacy of public sector records management.

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28

Stevens-Uninsky, Maya. "Engagement and understanding: pregnant adolescents and health information in Freedom Park." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20962.

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Adolescent and young adult pregnancy is a major sexual health issue for vulnerable young women in South Africa. Beginning by examining the origins of adolescent pregnancy in South Africa, this paper then proceeds to examine the various sources of health information accessible to adolescent women, and how said information is used. Finally, it examines the disconnect between know ledge and use of health information, and the role this plays in high levels of adolescent pregnancy. This independent research examines how adolescent women in the South African township of Mitchells Plain, Cape Town (specifically the neighbourhood of Freedom Park) understand and engage with the limited health information at their disposal. Through a qualitative research process resulting in interview analysis, this article explores how vulnerable young women internalize, believe, and use health information, in order to better understand the causes of adolescent pregnancy and risky sexual behaviour. Participants were adolescent (18 -¬‐ 20) women, who were residents of Freedom Park, (a neighbourhood in Mitchells Plain) and were either pregnant or had a child. Demographic screening tools (n=31) were used to select participants for semi -¬‐ structured interviews (n=30). Interviews were later transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVIVO. In this Freedom Park sample, the ability of young women to internalize and act upon information about sexuality and health varied depending on who proffered that information and how those individuals were perceived by the recipient. In the research, three key factors emerged as impacting the internalization and later use of reproductive health information. First, for both sources of health information and for recipients, life experience s played a critical role in making information more relatable and therefore easier to internalize, believe and use. Second, the perceived trustworthiness of the source of information made the knowledge more believable and relevant to the recipient. Finally, high levels of comfort in discussing sexual health with the source of information made information more easily internalized, while fear of negative judgment from sources reduced comfort and discussions of sexual health. The research suggests that efforts to reduce instances of adolescent pregnancy in South Africa should pay close attention to who delivers information about health and sexuality. To be effective, young women should feel they share experiences with, trust in, and are comfort able with sources of information. Future research should pursue how improving adolescent's engagement with health information through feelings of belonging, self ‐ efficacy, and empowerment can improve understanding, trust, and utilization of health information.

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29

Ching, Chee-fong, and 程芷芳. "A comparative study of press control in Singapore and the People's Republic of China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952963.

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30

Sun, Zhendong 1978. "Balancing freedom of the press and the right to privacy : lessons for China." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99152.

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The conflict inherent in balancing freedom of the press and the right to privacy invariably presents some controversial legal issues. In addressing the legal dilemmas posed by these competing interests, an in-depth analysis of the conceptual value of these two equally important rights becomes a preliminary starting point. Through its exploration of the history and development of the press and privacy laws in both the United States and Canada, this thesis examines the fundamental values enshrined in these two rights. The author holds that the freedom of the press contains no privilege under the law, but that it serves as the means to promote the public's right to know in a democratic society, while the right to privacy offers an individual the autonomy to regulate his private affairs. By analyzing arguments of "pubic interest," "public figure," and "public privacy," the author compares the theoretical approaches to and practical attempts at striking a balance between the interests of the press and the privacy of the individual in the United States and Canada. Finally, the essay proposes how these experiences may contribute to the construction of relevant Chinese laws.

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31

Sun, Robert Xi. "Baorong Duoyuan : a proposed foundation for religious freedom in a postcommunist, democratic China." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12666/.

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The 2016 Annual Report of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) confirms an increasingly alarming surge in the ongoing, systematic, and egregious abuses of religious freedom (RF) of Chinese citizens by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). I foresee that under a constitutional framework, a post-Communist, democratized China will embrace cultural, economic, social, and confessional pluralism to help ensure the impartial and equal protection of all citizens’ religious freedom. A useful pattern for that new national pluralism is found and reflected within the existing minority of Chinese citizens who follow the Judeo-Christian faith and worldview. After analyzing different political philosophies, using religious education (RE) to illustrate the degree of religious freedom in different countries, my study demonstrates that neither political liberalism nor traditional nonprincipled pluralism will adequately protect religious freedom for all. Baorong Duoyuan literally inclusive pluralism, a contextualized model of principled pluralism, complements the Judeo-Christian faith as well as non-Judeo-Christian faiths, and even nonprofessions of religion. As such, this theory proposes that the State functions as a religiously impartial institution. In my study, I conduct library-based theoretical/philosophical/theological work to ultimately propose that Baorong Duoyuan offers an untainted model to nurture and maintain religious freedom in a postcommunist China. When appropriately applied to China’s practices, this biblically supported, theologically warranted theory of principled pluralism helps to promote, nurture, implement, and maintain religious freedom for all citizens of China. To protect religious freedom for all, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, my proposed Baorong Duoyuan model offers the most reasonable, consistent, and coherent option to achieve and to maintain such religious freedom and pluralism.

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32

Cavender, Anne Lindsey. ""Lessons of variety and freedom" : reading & ethics in China and the west /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6663.

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33

Lidberg, Johan. "'Keeping the bastards honest': the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation." Thesis, Lidberg, Johan (2006) 'Keeping the bastards honest': the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/157/.

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In the last decade the number of countries that have enacted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws have increased dramatically. In many respects FOI laws have become a democratic 'right of passage'. No FOI, no 'proper' democracy. The promises of FOI regimes are far-reaching: access to personal information and increased transparency in the form of third-party independent access to government-held information will prevent corruption and maladministration and encourage the public to participate more fully in the political process. But are the promises borne out by the practice of FOI? To answer this question this thesis will track a number of real-life FOI requests in five countries. Based on this and other data this project will lay the foundation for the first International Freedom of Information Index, ranking five countries on how their FOI regimes deliver on the promises made. Included in the ranking will also be an evaluation of the legal situation for media whistleblowers and shield laws for journalists. The thesis will show that it is easier to promise information access than to implement it. It will demonstrate that for most of the countries of study FOI laws serve more as a PR tool projecting an illusion of an informed public, rather than granting real independent access to quality information.

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Lidberg, Johan. "'Keeping the bastards honest' : the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation /." Lidberg, Johan (2006) 'Keeping the bastards honest': the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/157/.

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In the last decade the number of countries that have enacted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws have increased dramatically. In many respects FOI laws have become a democratic 'right of passage'. No FOI, no 'proper' democracy. The promises of FOI regimes are far-reaching: access to personal information and increased transparency in the form of third-party independent access to government-held information will prevent corruption and maladministration and encourage the public to participate more fully in the political process. But are the promises borne out by the practice of FOI? To answer this question this thesis will track a number of real-life FOI requests in five countries. Based on this and other data this project will lay the foundation for the first International Freedom of Information Index, ranking five countries on how their FOI regimes deliver on the promises made. Included in the ranking will also be an evaluation of the legal situation for media whistleblowers and shield laws for journalists. The thesis will show that it is easier to promise information access than to implement it. It will demonstrate that for most of the countries of study FOI laws serve more as a PR tool projecting an illusion of an informed public, rather than granting real independent access to quality information.

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Ebrahim, Fatima. "The Promotion of Access to Information Act: a blunt sword in the fight for freedom of information." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8327_1362392353.

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36

Bachus, Laura E. "Recruitment of Degrees of Freedom based on Multimodal Information about Interlimb Coordination." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406819390.

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37

Byrne, Alex. "The politics of promoting freedom of information and expression in international librarianship." Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/555.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.
Title from title screen (viewed 8 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Economics and Business. Degree awarded 2004; thesis submitted 2003. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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38

吳學章 and Hok-cheong Ng. "Information technology distribution networks in Mainland China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269126.

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39

Sæther, Elin. "The conditional autonomy of the critical press in China." Oslo : Department of Sociology and Human Geography, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/iss/2008/85211/Sather.pdf.

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40

Xiao, Lijuan. "Essays on accounting information quality in China." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11532/.

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This research contributes to provide a better understanding of the nature of accounting information reliability by measuring the relation between the informativeness of earnings and corporate governance based on the Chinese context with its unique political, social, cultural and economic environment and large sample size. In particular, mainland China has a distinct two-tier board structure comprising a supervisor board including employee representatives and board of directors of whom at least one third are independent directors. The objective of this thesis is to investigate accounting information reliability and corporate governance by addressing three predominant empirical research questions in three studies. The first study examines the impact of board composition and independence on earnings management in mainland China through investigating whether independent directors and supervisors are effective at restraining earnings management. To fully capture the earnings attributes, the second study investigates the quality of reported earnings in China from the perspective of both accounting-based (including accrual quality, persistence, predictability and smoothness) and market-based earnings attributes (including value relevance, timeliness, and conservatism and earnings response coefficient). A two-way test has been conducted to compare the difference in earnings quality between State-Owned and Non-State-Owned enterprises. According to financial distress theory, the incentives for Non-SOEs to manipulate earnings are stronger than in SOEs, since SOEs have the advantage to receive financial subsidies from government while Non-SOEs face more financing constraints. The agency theory, however, argues that state ownership in SOEs creates incentives and regulatory backing for self-serving purposes, thus motivating SOEs to manipulate accounting numbers. The political cost hypothesis complements the agency theory and illustrates that SOEs’ managers would manipulate accounting numbers in response to government intervention (report conservatively to disguise the profits or report aggressively to meet specific thresholds). In addition, it tests whether analysts' forecasts are more accurate than forecasts based on time-series predicted statistics with random walk. Finally, the third empirical study detects whether managers intend to manipulate earnings via discretionary accruals in order to just meet or beat consensus analyst forecasts on the basis of earnings surprise (analyst forecast error). The key findings of the first study in this thesis suggest that the distinct Chinese two-tier board structure comprising independent directors and supervisory directors fails to mitigate earnings management. The second study documents that Chinese SOEs overall exhibit a lower earnings quality than Non-SOEs, supporting the agency theory. Government ownership might create incentives and regulatory backing for self-serving purposes that negatively influence the listed firms’ financial reporting. Moreover, SOEs manipulate downwards the earnings much more than Non-SOEs, manifesting the government generally expropriate the benefits of SOEs, according to the political cost hypothesis. One interesting finding in second study is that predicted earnings based on the time-series statistical model with drift are more accurate than the consensus analyst forecast. This result conflicts with findings from developed country studies, indicating the malfunction of financial analysts in mainland China. In the third empirical study, the findings suggest an optimistic bias in analysts' forecasts exists in Chinese listed companies but fail to provide any evidence supporting that discretionary accrual measures are positively associated with just meeting or beating the analysts’ forecast benchmark. It challenges the ‘benchmark beating’ incentive in most prior literature based on western developed countries, such as the US and the UK.

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Ng, Hok-cheong. "Information technology distribution networks in Mainland China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19872562.

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42

au, J. lidberg@murdoch edu, and Johan Lidberg. "Keeping the Bastards Honest The Promise and Practice of Freedom of Information Legislation." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070115.121829.

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In the last decade the number of countries that have enacted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws have increased dramatically. In many respects FOI laws have become a democratic right of passage. No FOI, no proper democracy. The promises of FOI regimes are far-reaching: access to personal information and increased transparency in the form of third-party independent access to government-held information will prevent corruption and maladministration and encourage the public to participate more fully in the political process. But are the promises borne out by the practice of FOI? To answer this question this thesis will track a number of real-life FOI requests in five countries. Based on this and other data this project will lay the foundation for the first International Freedom of Information Index, ranking five countries on how their FOI regimes deliver on the promises made. Included in the ranking will also be an evaluation of the legal situation for media whistleblowers and shield laws for journalists. The thesis will show that it is easier to promise information access than to implement it. It will demonstrate that for most of the countries of study FOI laws serve more as a PR tool projecting an illusion of an informed public, rather than granting real independent access to quality information.

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Yoshihara, Toshi. "Chinese strategic culture and military innovation : from the nuclear to the information age /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004.
Chair: Richard H. Shultz. Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 434-457). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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44

Brooke, H. "Citizen or subject? : freedom of information and the informed citizen in a democracy." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15961/.

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Information is the essence of democracy and the lynchpin of power-ownership. Possession and control of information allows us to demarcate who controls or influences the political system. Freedom of Information (FOI), rooted in Enlightenment values, contains within it a key principle of democracy that there must be access to information (and knowledge) for all equally. My approach in my 25-year journalistic career has been to use FOI as a means of testing the promise and practice of democracy. It serves here as a ‘canary in the coalmine’ to measure how well citizens can access the political system.

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Gunn, Torri Kenneth. "Defining Religion with Chinese Characters: Interrogating the Criticism of the Freedom of Religion in China." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19878.

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This thesis seeks to explore the points of dissonance and resonance around the understanding and deployment of the term 'religion' between Human Rights Watch, and the government of the People's Republic of China. In doing this, it is highlighted that a fundamental disjunction exists in the meaning of, and the boundaries of, the word 'religion' between these two groups. The space that this difference creates makes discussions on religion and religious freedom between these two groups extremely problematic, primarily because Human Rights Watch seeks to protect the right to religious freedom of groups and individuals that the Chinese government does not consider ‘religion’, but that Human Rights Watch demands they should. This thesis addresses the question of the role of social and cultural relativism in the defining, and the subsequent role in defending, of the term and contents of 'religion'.

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Xie, Zhibin, and 謝志斌. "Religious liberty, religious diversity, and religion in politics: in search of an appropriate role ofreligion in public political culture for a democratic China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577767.

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47

Fung, Yat-chu, and 馮一柱. "Information technology and empowerment in information society: use of computers amongst senior persons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245298.

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Wang, Jing. "Making and Unmaking of Freedom: Sound, Affect and Beijing." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336097506.

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Shirazi, Firad. "The impact of ICT expansion on promoting democracy and economic freedom in the Middle East (1995-2005)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10843.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
The PhD study has found that ICT expansion has positively influenced democratic freedom, information sharing and dissemination and provides a public sphere for discourse among citizens of the eleven Middle Eastern countries. This thesis also found that ICT expansion positively influences economic freedom in the eleven Middle Eastern countries. However, differences between countries such as the educational attainment of their citizens and institutional resistance to ICT utilization both enhanced and restricted the relationship between ICT and economic freedom in the region

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Cole, Natalie. "Intellectual freedom and the public library : a study of librarians', elected members, and library users' attitudes towards intellectual freedom, and the impact of these attitudes on stock management policy-making and practice." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301269.

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