Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Freedom of Information Act 1982'
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1
Repeta, Lawrence. "The Birth of Freedom of Information Act in Japan: Kanagawa 1982." MIT Japan Program, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7539.
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Gibbons, Amy. "Classification work and the Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/73050/.
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Stavem, Christine M. "A Chronological Analysis of the Freedom of Information Act." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292139.
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Gibbons, Amy Catherine. "Classification work and the UK Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655737.
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This thesis develops a new way of thinking about, and examining what is required to make classification do its work. Current studies of classification work define it as the process through which some 'thing' is attributed to, or made to be an instance of, a category. More specifically, classification work is the process of constructing socio-material mediators that will enact categories in such a way that a particular thing can become seen as (or taken as) being an instance of that category. Thus, these socio-material mediators are 'actors' (as defined in Social and Technology Studies (STS) and by Bowker and Star (1999) in particular). As such, these actors have the ability to 'authorize, allow, afford, encourage, permit, suggest, influence, block, render possible [and] forbid' (Latour, 2005: 72) and serve as both enactors and mediators of the associations in which they are embedded. This framing of classification work tends to treat actors (and categories) as pre-existing to the relationship in which they find themselves. It assumes that there is a structure through which categories will reveal themselves to provide a destination for things. In instances where the thing is considered residual to the existing structure, further classification work may be needed to prevent it being dumped in an 'other' category and to create new knowledge. This thesis draws on the work of Barad (2003) and argues that categories and things (which she terms 'relata') do not pre-exist their relations. For a thing to be engaged and tied to a category it has already been entangled in a series of associations. Studies of classification to date embody this understanding by researching how the context in which classifications take place shapes the work conducted. This deconstruction of social-material ties is the foundation of the social constructionist argument, which informs this thesis and its associated research methodology. In this perspective there is a need to open the 'black boxes' in order to reveal how these 'categories' and 'instances' are enacted in order to more fully understand how classifications come to matter and be legitimated. It is argued that in order to address this issue of ongoing enactment we need to understand how and through what classification is made to work in different settings. This is revealed through the examination of the 'thread' that is weaved (or more specifically, enacted) from its initial instance to its corresponding actor. Bowker and Star (1999; 2000) refer to these as 'filiations'. As such one might say that the core focus of this thesis is how filiations are made to work, in order to produce/enact classifications practices. The thesis examines the ways in which classifications are informed by institutional structure and practices at two public bodies through a series of case based vignettes. Specifically this comprised of the work entailed in classifying information, in these institutions, requested under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. These classification practices will be examined in order to explore the necessary conditions required for classification to do its work. In exploring the supposed (or rather enacted) links between entities and the categories in the legislation it is possible to show how a variety of socio-material practices are required to make classification work. Upon reflecting on the empirical material across both sites, this thesis concludes (in agreement with former studies) that the context or space of the classification work is indeed an important factor in legitimating decisions. What is additionally required is an understanding of the performative nature of the socio-material classification practices which enables the actors to enact their obligations under the legislation. Socio-material classification practices are therefore performatively embedded in the production of the filiations in order to fulfil the requirements of the legislation. The thesis shows that it is through the social-material production of filiators (as mediators) that classification (or the implementation of the law) is made to work.
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Dyer, Jr Richard H. "The Freedom of Information Act: Its Use by the Media." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292194.
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Ebrahim, Fatima. "The Promotion of Access to Information Act: a blunt sword in the fight for freedom of information." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8327_1362392353.
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Elliott, Anne A. "Rights in Conflict: Freedom of Information versus the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1341505659.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Diana Vreeland, Freedom of Information Act of 1966, Helen Frankenthaler, Vidal Sassoon, Wilma Rudolph." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://www.amzn.com/0313329443.
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Book Summary:Comedian Robin Williams said that if you remember the '60s, you weren't there. This encyclopedia documents the people, places, movements, and culture of that memorable decade for those who lived it and those who came after.
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Ward-Hunt, Robert Cameron. "American secrets, American transparency| Analysis of the Freedom of Information Act as implemented by the US intelligence community." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633429.
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The US Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) places citizens' rights to request and discover information in competition with the right of the government to conceal official secrets (Bathory & McWilliams, 1977; Rourke 1957). Simply put, FOI in practice pits secrecy versus transparency, with administrative discretion in the middle. Though FOIA applies to all federal government departments and agencies in the United States, the tension becomes most acute when applied to the most secretive participants in the national security enterprise, the 16 member intelligence community. Secret-keeping can exert psychological and social pressure on organizations (Simmel, 1906; Weber, 1920/2009) that have the potential to impact individual decision making and shape collective norms (Freidman, Landes & Posner, 1991; Keane, 2008; Sandfort, 2000). This effort examines how secrecy impacts transparency initiatives by researching how the US Intelligence Community FOIA programs perform compared to other federal agencies using multivariate analysis of FOIA annual report data in conjunction with an experimental methodology. The research results show that while intelligence agencies release similar information to control agencies, they differ significantly in the how and when that information is provided. In particular, intelligence agencies take longer to respond than peer agencies and offer less information with the response. These findings contribute to theory by leading to a refined model of transparency and contribute to practice by supporting recommendations for policy makers and FOIA program administrators.
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Bruch, Christoph. "Akteneinsichtsrecht in den USA: ein Bürgerrecht wird durchgesetzt Geschichte der politischen Konflikte um den Freedom of information act bis zur seiner ersten Novellierung 1974 /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/17/index.html.
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Scott, Katherine Anne. "Reining in the State: Civil Society, Congress, and the Movement to Democratize the National Security State, 1970-1978." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/38730.
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HistoryPh.D.
This dissertation explores the battle to democratize the national security state, 1970-1978. It examines the neo-progressive movement to institutionalize a new domestic policy regime, in an attempt to force government transparency, protect individual privacy from state intrusion, and create new judicial and legislative checks on domestic security operations. It proceeds chronologically, first outlining the state's overwhelming response to the domestic unrest of the 1960s. During this period, the Department of Justice developed new capacities to better predict urban unrest, growing a computerized databank that contained millions of dossiers on dissenting Americans and the Department of Defense greatly expanded existing capacities, applying cold war counterinsurgency and counterintelligence techniques developed abroad to the problems of protests and riots at home. The remainder of the dissertation examines how the state's secret response to unrest and disorder became public in the early 1970s. It traces the development of a loose coalition of reformers who challenged domestic security policy and coordinated legislative and litigative strategies to check executive power.
Temple University--Theses
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Pereira, Marco Antonio Marcondes. "Publicidade comparativa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8876.
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Previous issue date: 2009-11-04Comparative Advertising is theme presented in their constituent aspects, as social phenomenon with reflexes in the economy, in the culture and in the Brazilian system of laws. The exam of the history of the advertising and the several ways as it has been conceived in the last years contribute to delimit the comparative method as a specific technique. Technique marked by the line of the aggressiveness in the formulation of the advertising messages that, under excuse of being mere fruit of the imagination and of the professionals' creativity in it involved, it has the unequivocal purpose of invigoration the economic function. The use of the technique, though, it is absent-minded of concerns with their effects in the sphere of the rights of the contestants, of the own professionals of the area of the publicity, of the consumers and of the citizens in general. The form how the advertising is collected by the legal system ― in the constitutional plan and in the statutory law plan ― it comes as vector to incite inquiries on the licitness of the comparative advertising in Brazil. The possible answer is among the many themes developed in the work, among the ones which, for instance, the fundamental rights, the freedom of expression and communication, the repression rules to the disloyal competition, the prohibition of the right abuse and the respect to the copyright. Starting from those juridical categories, the text shows the perplexity between professionals of the marketing areas and jurists on that aggressive advertising technique. Defenders and opponents of Comparative Advertising are characters of that plot of trade and consumerism of the current communication order. Strong and convincing arguments developed by those characters, solitary of the experience and of conflicts of interests, they allow the choice of an answer to the inquiry on the licitness of the comparative advertising in the Brazilian law
Publicidade Comparativa é tema apresentado em seus aspectos constitutivos, como fenômeno social com reflexos na economia, na cultura e na ordem jurídica brasileira. O exame da história da publicidade e as várias maneiras como vem sendo concebida nos últimos anos contribuem para delimitar a publicidade comparativa como uma técnica específica. Técnica marcada pelo traço da agressividade na formulação das mensagens publicitária que, sob pretexto de ser mero fruto da imaginação e da criatividade dos profissionais nela envolvidos, tem o inequívoco propósito de fortalecimento da sua função econômica. O uso da técnica, todavia, é abstraído de preocupações com os seus efeitos na esfera dos direitos dos concorrentes, dos próprios profissionais da área da publicidade, dos consumidores e dos cidadãos em geral. A forma como a publicidade é recolhida pelo ordenamento jurídico ― no plano constitucional e no plano infraconstitucional ― apresenta-se como vetor para incitar indagações sobre a licitude da publicidade comparativa no Brasil. A resposta possível está entre os muitos temas enfeixados no trabalho, dentre os quais, por exemplo, os direitos fundamentais, a liberdade de expressão e comunicação, as regras de repressão à concorrência desleal, a proibição do abuso de direito e o respeito ao direito autoral. A partir dessas categorias jurídicas, o texto mostra a perplexidade reinante entre profissionais das áreas de marketing e publicidade e juristas sobre essa técnica publicitária agressiva. Defensores e opositores dela ― Publicidade Comparativa ― são personagens dessa trama mercadológica e consumista da atual ordem comunicacional. Argumentos fortes e convincentes desenvolvidos por essas personagens, retirados da experiência e de conflitos de interesses, permitem a escolha de uma resposta à indagação sobre a licitude da publicidade comparativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
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Gadrat, Magali. "Restructurations et droit social." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0453/document.
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Dans un contexte économique instable, résultant notamment de la mondialisation des échanges, de la financiarisationde l’économie et de l’accélération des mutations technologiques, caractérisé de surcroît par l’apathie endémique de lacroissance économique française, la prospérité et la survie des entreprises dépendent de leur capacité à s’adapter enpermanence aux évolutions du marché pour pouvoir sauvegarder leur compétitivité, assurer leur développement etfaire face à une concurrence toujours plus vive. Si les restructurations sont indispensables pour assurer la pérennité desentreprises dont dépendent le maintien de l’emploi, le dynamisme du marché du travail et la création de richesse, ellesmettent fréquemment en péril les intérêts des salariés. Nombre d’entre elles menacent ainsi leur emploi et partant leursécurité économique et matérielle, mais également leurs droits collectifs qu’il s’agisse des avantages issus de leurstatut collectif ou de leur droit à participer à la détermination de leurs conditions de travail et à la gestion del’entreprise via leurs représentants, dont le mandat peut être affecté par une restructuration. Si ces opérations mettenten péril les intérêts des salariés et génèrent un coût social largement assumé par la collectivité nationale, le droit, enparticulier le droit social, ne peut remettre en cause les projets de restructuration. Ces décisions et leur mise en oeuvrerelèvent en effet de la liberté d’entreprendre des dirigeants de l’entreprise à laquelle le droit social ne saurait porteratteinte en s’immisçant dans leurs choix économiques et stratégiques. L’objet de cette étude est donc d’exposercomment, en dépit de son incapacité à influer sur les décisions de restructurations, le droit social tente d’en limiter lecoût social, en préservant au mieux les intérêts des salariésIn an unsettled economic climate, the result in particular of globalisation of trade, the financialisation of the economyand accelerating technological change, further marked by the endemic apathy of French economic growth, theprosperity and survival of companies depend on their capacity to adapt constantly to market trends in order tosafeguard their competitiveness, to ensure their development and to stand up to ever increasingly harsh competition.Whilst restructuring is essential to ensure the long-term survival of companies, on which maintaining jobs, a dynamiclabour market and the creation of wealth all depend, it frequently endangers the interests of employees. Manyrestructuring operations thus threaten their employment and consequently their economic and material security, butalso their collective rights when it comes to advantages resulting from their collective status or their right to participatein determining their working conditions and in the management of the company through their representatives, whosemandate may be impacted by a restructuring operation. While such operations endanger the interests of employees andgenerate a social cost borne to a large extent by the national community, law, and in particular social law, cannotchallenge restructuring projects. Such decisions and their implementation fall within the purview of the freedom to actenjoyed by corporate managers that social law cannot in any way impede by interfering in their economic and strategicchoices. The purpose of this study is therefore to show how social law, despite its inability to influence restructuringdecisions, seeks to limit the social cost by preserving as best as possible the interests of employees
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McAndrew, Ian. ""Susceptible of a very broad interpretation" : notions of accountability and free-flow-of-information in American views on the Freedom of Information Act, 1929-1989." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12140.
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In 1989, the United States Supreme Court formulated the central purposes doctrine of the
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) by ruling that the law was designed to grant citizens a right
of access to records reflecting on the activities of government officials. This decision immediately
generated controversy. The majority of parties interested in FOIA jurisprudence claimed that the
judgement misconstrued the congressional intent by denying that legislators had hoped to create a
right of access to all government-held information, regardless of its content. The contrast between
the Court's doctrine and the majority interpretation, or the free-flow-of-information view, is the
main topic of this thesis.
In exploring this matter, it becomes evident that the intellectual history of access
legislation in the United States is marked by considerable diversity: from the 1920s through to the
present era, various FOIA constituencies have espoused distinctive views on how an access-torecords
statute should be understood. Most of these interpretations have focussed on the need for
access as a measure to help citizens oversee the conduct of government personnel, and only the
free-flow supporters have broken from this pattern. The philosophy they offer in its place
suggests that oversight interpretations, particularly the central purposes doctrine, are illegitimate.
These orthodox commentators argue instead that because the FOIA was designed to serve the
same goals as the First Amendment, it must be read as mandating disclosure as "an end for its
own sake."
The principal contention here is that free-flow supporters have dismissed the
government-oversight views far too quickly. To illustrate this point, the thesis focuses on the
central purposes doctrine, and articulates it in the form of an "accountability view" to establish
that the Court's decision was not as arbitrary as is often claimed. Second, the argument inquires
whether one of these two predominant views can be said to have a stronger rationale than the
other. The ultimate conclusion of this line of inquiry is that, because of serious logical flaws in
the first-amendment argument supporting the free-flow theory, the central purposes doctrine
actually represents the more reasonable interpretation of the statutory purpose of the act.
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Shepard, Catharin Lawrence. "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Freedom of Information Act performance." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/shepard%5Fcatharin%5Fl%5F200808%5Fma.
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Elliott, Carol. "Accessing personal information under the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act of British Columbia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1373.
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Rapid advances in information technology have led to a considerable body of scholarly
research focused on the evolution of the “surveillance society.” This term is used by the author to
refer to governments’ increasing ability to monitor and control the actions of citizens as well as
their own operations. An associated area that is rarely examined in scholarly research is the
process by which citizens access their own personal information from public bodies and the
barriers that they encounter when attempting to do so. It is this area which will be the focus of
this thesis.
The thesis is based upon a descriptive study that involved a systematic investigation of how
the political and governmental context influences the process of accessing personal information
under the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act of British Columbia. The goal of
the research is to examine factors that encourage and limit individual citizens’ ability to access
their own personal information. The thesis explores issues and circumstances that lead applicants
to appeal decisions, factors that facilitate and impede access, and the impacts of the request
process on applicants. Recommendations for changes that may improve access as well as enhance
government transparency and accountability are proposed. I approach the research from the
perspective that open and accountable government is necessary in democratic society, and that,
through increased public awareness and avenues for input, changes can be made which improve
access to personal information and government accountability.
The research involved a content analysis of fifty-three orders by the Information and Privacy
Commissioner of British Columbia and his staff. The content analysis of these documents is
supplemented by statistical analysis and personal reflection. The thesis relies on concepts and
theory proposed by Max Weber and Anthony Giddens to provide a viable framework for
understanding both the structure and culture of government, particularly how the access to
information process reflects the control and flow of information within the bureaucracy.
The research confirms that barriers to access do exist and they are not in the places that one
might expect to find them. Recommendations concerning amendments to the legislation and
improvements to the processing of requests and the appeal process are suggested. However, the
most crucial change necessary is for the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner,
despite fiscal restraints, to engage in greater transparency concerning its own activities and for the
role of the Commissioner to focus more on public education and advocacy, such as support for
community programs that would offer free legal assistance and information concerning the
public’s rights under the Act, including guidance concerning how to make a request and pursue a
complaint or appeal.
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Hsu, Shu-Ping, and 許淑萍. "The Impact of Personal Data Protection Act upon Freedom of Information－A Study derived from Government Practices." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41625430552759376315.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
99
In a democratic society, there should be efficient and appropriate two-way communication channels between the government and the people. Government should respect the rights of the people, and satisfy the people’s right to knowledge by providing sufficient and complete information to the people. By freely dispersing knowledge, government allows the public to form credible opinions on important issues, which can facilitate the process of compromise and the reaching of agreement. In addition, free access to knowledge allows the people to get, gather, and analyze the information they need to monitor the efficiency and the effects of government policies. Therefore,establishing procedures that allow barrier free public access to government information is a key issue that all citizens of a democratic society should pay attention to. On the other hand, government can use its authority to gather sensitive and personal data easier than non-governmental organizations and individuals. But if this personal data gathered by the government is not used properly, it will negatively impact our right to privacy.“The Computer-Processed Personal Data Protection Law”was announced by the ROC Government in August 1995 to deal with the issue of protecting personal data privacy. In May 2010,the act was amended and renamed as the“Personal Data Protection Act,” enlarging the data protection range. While one key purpose of the “Personal Data Protection Act”is to protect the individual’s right to privacy by ensuring that personal data will not be released and used improperly without permission. The other purpose is to allow people to involve in the whole procedure of government gathering, processing, and using the personal information. In addition, to facilitate our right to knowledge and thus solidify the ROC’s foundation as a democracy, the Government also announced“The Freedom of Government Information Law” in Dec 2005. This thesis is based on an analysis of personal data to discuss the relationship between the freedom of government information and the personal data privacy. This research checks to see if the “Personal Data Protection Act”follows the principles of personal data privacy,identifies the range of personal data that should be protected, and evaluates the impact of the “Personal Data Protection Act” upon the freedom of government information. The thesis comprises nine chapters as follows： Chapter 1：News coverage in recent years illustrates the types of incidents where the government could invade personal data privacy. This, in turn, underscores the importance of the government’s protection of personal data privacy, and highlights the dilemma between the publication of government information and the protection of personal data privacy. Chapter 2：This Chapter explains the concepts of the right of privacy,the right to knowledge, as well as consolidates relevant laws and regulations in ROC. Chapter 3：This Chapter reviews foreign and international systems protecting personal data. Chapter 4：This Chapter illustrates the procedures of the enactment of ROC’s “Personal Data Protection Act” and “The Freedom of Government Information Law”,and examines whether the relevant principles protecting personal data privacy have already been incorporated therein. Chapter 5：This Chapter compares the freedom government information system and the personal data protection system to find out the consistence and difference. Talk over the relationship between the freedom government information system and the personal data protection system. Chapter 6：This Chapter is to identify the range of personal data that should be protected. Chapter 7：This Chapter analyzes the criteria to distinguish what personal data needs to be protected. Chapter 8：This Chapter discusses potential problems and controversies that may arise in practice, and proposes some solutions. Chapter 9：Finally, this Chapter summarizes all the foregoing and provides some suggestions to protect personal privacy.
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Nkwe, Itumeleng Marcia Mamagase. "Compliance with freedom of information legislation by public bodies in South Africa." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27338.
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Bibliography: pages 86-93In South Africa, freedom of information (FOI) or the right of access to information (ATI) is entrenched in section 32 of the Constitution. Section 32 guarantees every citizen the right of access to any information held by the state or held by any other person that is to be used for the protection or exercise of any right. The Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) is the law that gives effect to section 32 of the Constitution. Regardless of a remarkable trend towards the adoption of FOI laws globally, international trends have shown this does not automatically translate into fulfilment of people’s right to information, as access to information by citizens remains a challenging factor. This study utilised mixed method research through the explanatory sequential design to assess compliance with FOI legislation by public bodies in South Africa with the view to ensure transparency, accountability and good governance. In this regard, the study first conducted a quantitative study by analysing the reports of the South African Human Rights Commission from the reporting years 2006/07 to 2016/07 to assess compliance with sections 14, 17 and 32 of the PAIA. The compliance trends were identified and thereafter a qualitative study was conducted to answer the question why the situation was the way it was. In this regard, interviews were conducted with a purposively chosen sample from complying and non-complying public bodies. The targeted participants were records managers, deputy information officers or officials responsible for PAIA in each chosen public body. The mixing strategy for the current study was at the data analysis, presentation and reporting level. Key results suggest that over the years, there were problems in the implementation of the FOI legislation in South Africa and its use was limited. Where implementation has taken place, it has been partial and inconsistent. The responsibility for implementation of FOI legislation in most public bodies is assigned to legal departments that do not have knowledge of what records are created, where and how they are kept. With regard to compliance, in terms of the degree of comparison, the situation was better in national departments, worse in provincial departments (with full compliance from the Free State, Limpopo, Western Cape and, to some extent, KwaZulu-Natal) and worst in municipalities. The study recommends the establishment of an information governance unit to implement FOI in public bodies. This unit will also be responsible for other information functions such as records management and information technology. Failure to assign responsibility to a relevant unit would perpetuate the non-compliance with FOI legislation in South Africa. As a result, accountability, transparency and good governance preached by the public sector to advance democracy in South Africa would be a mirage. A model for the implementation of PAIA within a public body is suggested.
Information Science
M. Inf.
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Liang, Hsueh-Cheng, and 梁學政. "A Study upon the Mechanism of Dispute Settlement for Freedom of Information Act－the Educational Publicness as an Example." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4aejms.
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博士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
101
Abstract The Freedom of Government Information Act has been enforced for seven years since its enactment in 28th December 2005. However, due to the review standards and administrative relief procedures are not clearing, fair and objective, administrative agency disorderly decides whether to public the personal information or not. In addition, people who apply the government information had been rejected have to seek for administrative relief as provided by law. The enforcement of this act is not satisfied by most of all and the result of administrative relief is not forthwith. This article focuses on the educational publicness and hopes the overall consideration of the dispute settlement mechanism of the Freedom of Information Act. Establishing objective and professional review standards and improving the procedure of administrative remedies through the legislative system design recommendations. To clarify the doctrine of distribution of the burden of proof, revise the articles of third man protection and so on. In comparative perspective, this article analyzes and compares the merits and defects of the legal systems and mechanism of freedom of government information. This research proposes the main suggestions as follows: 1. Short-term suggestions: 1.1 To collect the results of administrative relief, to edit its briefs as books and sold in public or offering for agency. 1.2 Try to implement the reapplication or consultation system in educational law. 2. Middle–term suggestions: 2.1 To revise The Freedom of Government Information Act in order to improve administrative relief mechanism. 2.2 To establish all codes of review standards of restricted from disclosure. 3. Long-term suggestions: 3.1 To abolish administrative appeals choices in information disclosure cases. 3.2 To fund the specialized committee for review the cases of The Freedom of Government Information Act and Personal Information Protection Act. Keywords: freedom of information, educational publicness, dispute settlement mechanism, right to know, protection of personal privacy, the review standards of restricted from disclosure.
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PO-YANG, LEE, and 李柏洋. "The Conflict Resolution between Freedom of The Press and The Right to Information Privacy—Focus on the Personal Data Protection Act." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x97nzh.
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Bruch, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Akteneinsichtsrecht in den USA: ein Bürgerrecht wird durchgesetzt : Geschichte der politischen Konflikte um den Freedom of information act bis zur seiner ersten Novellierung 1974 / Autor: Christoph Bruch." 2000. http://d-nb.info/96397968X/34.
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Mashiane, Mafabo Andries Bernard. "An assessment of the constitution of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in southern Africa within the Bill of Rights as enshrined in the South African Constitution Act 108/1996." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26743.
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The constitution of ELCSA was adopted in the constitutional assembly held on 15 to 19 December 1975 at Rustenburg, Tlhabane. The constitution of South Africa was adopted on 08 May 1996 and amended on 11 October 1996 by the constitutional assembly. It is obvious from this situation that the ELCSA constitution was put together and adopted during the rule of the National Party in consideration of the constitution of South Africa at the time. This suggests that the bill of rights was not taken into account when the constitution of ELCSA was written. The church‘s top down management system of administration is questionable. The harmony of rights and the ELCSA constitution was tested. The labour relations requirements are not taken into consideration by the ELCSA constitution given the procedures followed to add in addressing employee disputes. The ELCSA constitution was critically evaluated for compliance. The areas of the South African Constitution that were not considered at the initial stage of the church constitution were identified during the study. It is imperative though that the Church should not find her self-making concessions on issues that are contrary to Christian beliefs and norms that form the basis of the faith. Dr Martin Luther’s two kingdoms provided some guidance when the church was under pressure regarding certain issues that are required by the law of the country. Particularly the church does not condone abortion. In this study it was established that some areas require the church to mobilise and challenge the state. The study is concluded by a discussion of areas that present conflict between the church and legal requirements, areas that the church is omitting to do and areas that the church has to take a stand on. This discussion included recommendations that the church has to consider ensuring that legislation is complied with and that there is no conflict with the church constitution.Dissertation (MA(Theology) Church History)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Church History and Church Policy
unrestricted
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El-Khatib, Mayar. "Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5741.
Full textAbstract:
While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous.
In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model.
This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives.
Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond.