Relevant bibliographies by topics / Freedom of Information Act 1982

Academic literature on the topic 'Freedom of Information Act 1982'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Freedom of Information Act 1982"

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Treadwell, Greg. "Freedom of information. What were they thinking?" Back Story Journal of New Zealand Art, Media & Design History, no. 8 (December 1, 2020): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/backstory.vi8.55.

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“The right to know is the right to live.”Aruna Roy (1946— ), Indian social activist Ongoing dissatisfaction among information requesters, including journalists, has discredited the early and partially heroic narratives of the Aotearoa New Zealand freedom-of-information (FOI) regime. The revolutionary and celebrated Official Information Act 1982 (OIA 1982) has remained virtually unchanged since its inception, despite ongoing calls for reform. This article examines why the OIA 1982 was so transformative, calling on the literature and two thematic analyses of historic parliamentary debates as it explores the thinking of the time and historicises the moment lawmakers cemented in statute notions of an open society. All media rely on this law, and the idea of FOI behind it, to be able to flourish, even if some are more acutely aware of that than others. All media practitioners, from journalists to filmmakers, benefit from the informed social discourse that results from FOI. To explore its failings in Aotearoa New Zealand today and, indeed, to start to imagine remedies, this research argues an important first step is to better understand the thinking of the time.
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Moon, Danielle. "Freedom of information: User pays (and still faces delays)." Alternative Law Journal 43, no. 3 (August 16, 2018): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x18787297.

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This article considers freedom of information in Australia and examines some of the practical barriers to access that persist following the 2009–2010 changes to the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cth). It considers, by way of case study, the issues of practical refusal, charges and delays, and draws a brief comparison with UK law and practice. It concludes that the current model in Australia must change if greater transparency is to result.
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Goode, Lawrence J., and Douglas R. Williams. "Developments under the Freedom of Information Act: 1985." Duke Law Journal 1986, no. 2 (April 1986): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1372356.

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Krupicka, Lisa A., and Mary E. LaFrance. "Developments under the Freedom of Information Act: 1984." Duke Law Journal 1985, no. 3/4 (June 1985): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1372377.

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Ikhsan, Muhammad Izwan, and Lenny James Matah. "Enacting Freedom of Information Act in Malaysia: A Cost-Benefit Analysis." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 7, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): e001297. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i2.1297.

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Freedom of information (FOI) refers to the right given to the public to seek information from government bodies. In Malaysia, to date, there is no federal legislation on the right to information. The system of official secrecy under the Official Secrets Act 1972 is the default system of information access. This paper aims to discuss the current constitutional setup, information disclosure system in Malaysia and the cost-benefit analysis of enacting the Freedom of Information Act at the Federal level. This article uses content analysis methods of previous literature, courts’ judgements, and statutory interpretation. This article also studies the international paradigm of FOI in various human rights instruments. This article concludes that the arguments favouring enacting the FOI law outweigh the contentions against such regulation.
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Ardalich, Nadia. "Information: a valuable resource in managing health, safety, and the environment in the offshore petroleum industry." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12104.

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The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is charged with promoting occupational health and safety and responsible environmental management in the offshore petroleum industry and ensuring industry compliance with the relevant commonwealth legislation. For NOPSEMA to exercise these functions effectively and transparently, sharing information through industry experience is integral. Although NOPSEMA already publishes widely–including guidance material, industry performance data, and safety alerts–it is working towards increasing publication of more detailed and specific industry information, such as enforcement notices. Government regulators publishing industry information of this kind is not new in Australia or overseas and is often used by regulators as a tool for promoting industry compliance. Communicating and sharing information with industry and the public are important activities of governments. Information sharing can expand knowledge, enable innovation, enhance government accountability and transparency, and even save lives by learning from others' experiences. Recently, the Australian Government has shown a deeper commitment through changes to the Freedom of Information Act 1982, making government information more accessible and open to the public. This extended abstract discusses the benefits of increasing publication of industry information to promote NOPSEMA's functions and objectives for delivering a safe and environmentally responsible offshore petroleum industry.
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Thuraisingam, Shanthi, Lynn Riddell, Kay Cook, and Mark Lawrence. "The politics of developing reference standards for nutrient intakes: the case of Australia and New Zealand." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898000800459x.

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AbstractObjectiveNutrient Reference Values (NRV) are evidence-based benchmarks for assessing the dietary adequacy of individuals and population groups as well as informing public health nutrition policies and programmes. The present paper presents the findings of an analysis of the views of submitters to a draft document associated with the development of the 2006 NRV for Australia and New Zealand. The aim of the study was to explore how these views were reflected in the policy-making process and final policy document.DesignThe information necessary to fulfil this aim required access to stakeholder submissions to the NRV development process and this necessitated exploiting the provisions of the Commonwealth of Australia’s Freedom of Information (FOI) Act 1982. We understand that the present research represents the first time that an FOI request seeking information about a National Health and Medical Research Council food and nutrition policy process has been made and therefore is novel in its approach to public health nutrition policy analysis.ResultsThe analysis of stakeholder submissions identified that stakeholders had particular concerns about the conduct of the review process and the future application of the nutrient values to policy and programmes. There is a lack of evidence that the majority of stakeholder comments were addressed in the final NRV document.ConclusionAlthough these findings cannot be interpreted to assess the validity or otherwise of the set nutrient values, they do raise questions about the process for their development and the adequacy of the final document to reflect the views of key stakeholders.
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Brown, Archie. "The Change to Engagement in Britain's Cold War Policy: The Origins of the Thatcher-Gorbachev Relationship." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 3 (July 2008): 3–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.3.3.

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Using previously unseen British Cabinet Office and Foreign Office papers obtained through the UK Freedom of Information Act, this article shows how a change in Britain's stance in the Cold War was initiated in 1983. As a result of this process, the British government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher decided to move to greater engagement with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Distrusting the Foreign Office as an institution, Thatcher asked for papers from eight outside academic specialists, on whose analyses she placed considerable weight. The desire for East-West dialogue was strongly favored by Foreign Office ministers and officials, whose advice, paradoxically, was more readily accepted by Thatcher when similar policy recommendations (though with some differences in analysis) were made by the academics. The invitation to Mikhail Gorbachev to visit Britain in 1984, prior to his becoming leader of the Soviet Union, had its origins in a Chequers seminar involving both academics and officials on 8–9 September 1983. This was the beginning of an important, and surprising, political relationship that transformed Britain's militantly anti-socialist prime minister into the strongest supporter—certainly among conservative politicians worldwide—of the new leader of the Soviet Communist Party.
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Sribreindranis, S., and P. Govinduraju. "Freedom of the Media in Sri Lanka: A Study." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.1.1540.

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Media freedom has never been consistent in Sri Lanka. Different regimes used legal and constitutional means to control the media from public debates and criticisms. The Constitution of Sri Lanka does not specifically mention the freedom of the media. Freedom of the Media is implied from the Article 14(1) (a) of the Constitution. However this right is subject to restrictions under sub-clause, whereby this freedom can be restricted for reasons of sovereignty and integrity of Sri Lanka, the security of the Country, Parliamentary privileges, public order, Emergency Regulations, relation to contempt of court, defamation, or incitement to an offense and Official Secrets Acts. As per the Press Council, the freedom of the journalist is an ordinary part of the freedom of the subjects and to whatever length, the subject in general may go, so also may the journalist, but apart from statute this privilege is no other and no higher. The range of his assertions, his criticisms or his comments is as wide as and no wider than that of any other subject. The Preamble of the Sri Lankan Constitution ensures to all its citizens the liberty of expression. Freedom of the media has been included as part of freedom of speech and expression under the Article 14 of the UDHR. The heart of the Article14 says that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. In view of the above, Right of Information Act 2016 is a milestone in the guest for building an informed and prosperous society .As this overview of Sri Lankan media Laws show, their social media enjoy a wide range of legal rights. This study focuses on Judgments of the cases on Joseph Perera v Attorney General, Visuvalingam v Liyanage and Fernando v Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation were delivered under the 1972 Republican Constitution, they continued to remain valid precedents even under the Current Constitution of 1978. It was an Important and far – reaching Judgment. This paper is a critical analysis of the Sri Lankan concept of Freedom of the media and how it is related to the concept of expression in Constitution of Sri Lanka. The judicial view in this context has also been studied.
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Hashim, Noreha. "Government Secrecy and Security Classifications in the Context of Integrity Management in Malaysia." Journal of Governance and Development (JGD) 16, Number 1 (June 30, 2020): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jgd2020.16.1.6.

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Secrecy in government is almost always perceived as being antithetical to accountability and transparency in the conduct of democratic government. However, it is undisputable that government secrecy is practiced the world over because it is indispensable to state security, international relations, public and personal interests. Hence, democratic governments must perform a delicate balancing act between openness and confidentiality in the handling of official information. Indeed, effective governance requires various legal regimes that control government information through security classifications and impose punishments on offenders. This paper aims to address the dearth of research on government secrecy and security classifications in the context of integrity management in Malaysia. Integrity management encompasses not only the exercise of moral values by public institutions and officials but also the integrity of processes and procedures that uphold the integrity of governance. This exploratory research uses qualitative content analysis of data gathered from official government publications and websites, relevant documents and course notes, as well as interviews and correspondence with field experts. The inferences derived from themes and categories generated have resulted in several important findings. First, the 1972 Official Secrets Act (OSA) plays a significant role as part of a plethora of statutes and ethical codes that are indispensable to upholding government integrity. Second, weaknesses in balancing between openness and confidentiality when handling official information are attributed to organizational failure, public officials’ lack of ethical values, comprehension and training. The challenge is to ensure that the OSA is not used for cover-ups of corruption, ethical misconducts and administrative transgressions while the proposed Freedom of Information Act does not lead to a culture of blaming and mistrust that could lead to the paralysis of government and governance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freedom of Information Act 1982"

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Repeta, Lawrence. "The Birth of Freedom of Information Act in Japan: Kanagawa 1982." MIT Japan Program, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7539.

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Gibbons, Amy. "Classification work and the Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/73050/.

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Stavem, Christine M. "A Chronological Analysis of the Freedom of Information Act." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292139.

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Gibbons, Amy Catherine. "Classification work and the UK Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655737.

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This thesis develops a new way of thinking about, and examining what is required to make classification do its work. Current studies of classification work define it as the process through which some 'thing' is attributed to, or made to be an instance of, a category. More specifically, classification work is the process of constructing socio-material mediators that will enact categories in such a way that a particular thing can become seen as (or taken as) being an instance of that category. Thus, these socio-material mediators are 'actors' (as defined in Social and Technology Studies (STS) and by Bowker and Star (1999) in particular). As such, these actors have the ability to 'authorize, allow, afford, encourage, permit, suggest, influence, block, render possible [and] forbid' (Latour, 2005: 72) and serve as both enactors and mediators of the associations in which they are embedded. This framing of classification work tends to treat actors (and categories) as pre-existing to the relationship in which they find themselves. It assumes that there is a structure through which categories will reveal themselves to provide a destination for things. In instances where the thing is considered residual to the existing structure, further classification work may be needed to prevent it being dumped in an 'other' category and to create new knowledge. This thesis draws on the work of Barad (2003) and argues that categories and things (which she terms 'relata') do not pre-exist their relations. For a thing to be engaged and tied to a category it has already been entangled in a series of associations. Studies of classification to date embody this understanding by researching how the context in which classifications take place shapes the work conducted. This deconstruction of social-material ties is the foundation of the social constructionist argument, which informs this thesis and its associated research methodology. In this perspective there is a need to open the 'black boxes' in order to reveal how these 'categories' and 'instances' are enacted in order to more fully understand how classifications come to matter and be legitimated. It is argued that in order to address this issue of ongoing enactment we need to understand how and through what classification is made to work in different settings. This is revealed through the examination of the 'thread' that is weaved (or more specifically, enacted) from its initial instance to its corresponding actor. Bowker and Star (1999; 2000) refer to these as 'filiations'. As such one might say that the core focus of this thesis is how filiations are made to work, in order to produce/enact classifications practices. The thesis examines the ways in which classifications are informed by institutional structure and practices at two public bodies through a series of case based vignettes. Specifically this comprised of the work entailed in classifying information, in these institutions, requested under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. These classification practices will be examined in order to explore the necessary conditions required for classification to do its work. In exploring the supposed (or rather enacted) links between entities and the categories in the legislation it is possible to show how a variety of socio-material practices are required to make classification work. Upon reflecting on the empirical material across both sites, this thesis concludes (in agreement with former studies) that the context or space of the classification work is indeed an important factor in legitimating decisions. What is additionally required is an understanding of the performative nature of the socio-material classification practices which enables the actors to enact their obligations under the legislation. Socio-material classification practices are therefore performatively embedded in the production of the filiations in order to fulfil the requirements of the legislation. The thesis shows that it is through the social-material production of filiators (as mediators) that classification (or the implementation of the law) is made to work.
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Dyer, Jr Richard H. "The Freedom of Information Act: Its Use by the Media." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292194.

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Ebrahim, Fatima. "The Promotion of Access to Information Act: a blunt sword in the fight for freedom of information." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8327_1362392353.

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Elliott, Anne A. "Rights in Conflict: Freedom of Information versus the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1341505659.

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Tolley, Rebecca. "Diana Vreeland, Freedom of Information Act of 1966, Helen Frankenthaler, Vidal Sassoon, Wilma Rudolph." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://www.amzn.com/0313329443.

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Book Summary:Comedian Robin Williams said that if you remember the '60s, you weren't there. This encyclopedia documents the people, places, movements, and culture of that memorable decade for those who lived it and those who came after.
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Ward-Hunt, Robert Cameron. "American secrets, American transparency| Analysis of the Freedom of Information Act as implemented by the US intelligence community." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633429.

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The US Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) places citizens' rights to request and discover information in competition with the right of the government to conceal official secrets (Bathory & McWilliams, 1977; Rourke 1957). Simply put, FOI in practice pits secrecy versus transparency, with administrative discretion in the middle. Though FOIA applies to all federal government departments and agencies in the United States, the tension becomes most acute when applied to the most secretive participants in the national security enterprise, the 16 member intelligence community. Secret-keeping can exert psychological and social pressure on organizations (Simmel, 1906; Weber, 1920/2009) that have the potential to impact individual decision making and shape collective norms (Freidman, Landes & Posner, 1991; Keane, 2008; Sandfort, 2000). This effort examines how secrecy impacts transparency initiatives by researching how the US Intelligence Community FOIA programs perform compared to other federal agencies using multivariate analysis of FOIA annual report data in conjunction with an experimental methodology. The research results show that while intelligence agencies release similar information to control agencies, they differ significantly in the how and when that information is provided. In particular, intelligence agencies take longer to respond than peer agencies and offer less information with the response. These findings contribute to theory by leading to a refined model of transparency and contribute to practice by supporting recommendations for policy makers and FOIA program administrators.

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Bruch, Christoph. "Akteneinsichtsrecht in den USA: ein Bürgerrecht wird durchgesetzt Geschichte der politischen Konflikte um den Freedom of information act bis zur seiner ersten Novellierung 1974 /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/17/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Freedom of Information Act 1982"

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Casper, Dale E. The Freedom of Information Act: Journal articles, 1982-1988. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1989.

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Freedom of Information Act: Legal actions and interpretations, 1980-1985. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1986.

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Ken, Rubin. Suggested changes to Canada's 1982 Access to Information Act. Ottawa: K. Rubin, 1986.

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Michael, Taggart, and Liddell Grant, eds. Freedom of information in New Zealand. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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Commission, Australia Law Reform. Open government: A review of the federal Freedom of Information Act 1982. Canberra: Australia Govt. Pub. Service, 1995.

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Ontario. Legislative Assembly. Standing Committee on the Legislative Assembly. Report on the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1989. [Toronto, Ont.]: The Assembly, 1994.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Technology and the Law. The Freedom of Information Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology and the Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on the Freedom of Information Act, August 2, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Dept. of Justice. Attorney General's memorandum on the 1986 amendments to the Freedom of Information Act: A memorandum for the executive departments and agencies concerning the law enforcement amendments to the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. [paragraph] 552, enacted as the Freedom of Information Reform Act of 1986, [paragraphs] 1801-1804 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, 100 Stat. 3207, 3207-48 (October 27, 1986). Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1987.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Technology and the Law. The Freedom of Information Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology and the Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session ... August 2, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Wilkinson, Margaret Ann. Impact of the Ontario Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1987, upon affected organizations. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Freedom of Information Act 1982"

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Hazell, Robert, Ben Worthy, and Mark Glover. "Whitehall and Freedom of Information." In The Impact of the Freedom of Information Act on Central Government in the UK, 33–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230281998_3.

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Hazell, Robert, Ben Worthy, and Mark Glover. "How Freedom of Information Works." In The Impact of the Freedom of Information Act on Central Government in the UK, 63–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230281998_5.

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Devine, Thomas M. "The Whistleblower Protection Act Of 1989: Foundation For The Modern Law Of Employment Dissent." In Freedom of Information, 303–52. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003063155-7.

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Worthy, Ben. "The US, Australia and India: two firsts and the greatest?" In The Politics of Freedom of Information. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719097676.003.0008.

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• US: A long struggle by a small group of politicians and journalists over a decade led to numerous abortive attempts to pass legislation in the 1960s. The bill finally became the 1966 FOI Act following a long process of negotiation in the Senate and opposition, though crucially not rejection, from the then President Lyndon Johnson (Reylea 1983: Yu and Davies 2012). • Australia: the Australian FOI policy development, beginning in the 1970s and ending in 1982, was a long series of advances and retreats. The proposed legislation was alternatively weakened during its passage, with crusaders both in government and in the Senate seeking to preserve key features against bureaucratic and political opposition (Snell 2001: Terrill 1998). • India: the traditional view of Indian Right to Information Act is of a remarkable grassroots alliance of dedicated reformers pushed openness legislation from the local level upwards during the 1990s and 2000s (Roberts 2006: Sharma 2013). However the reality is more complex as RTI was the result of a combination of piecemeal reforms in the 1980s, shifts in elite power and support from parts of the bureaucracy and from Sonia Ghandi herself (Singh 2007: Sharma 2013).
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Costigan, Ruth, and Richard Stone. "7. Freedom of Expression (Article 10) I: Official Secrets and Freedom of Information." In Civil Liberties & Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198744276.003.0007.

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Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provide an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter discusses the law governing official secrets and freedom of information. It covers arguments for the protection of freedom of expression; arguments for and against official secrecy; official secrecy under the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA 1998); the Official Secrets Acts 1911–1920; the Official Secrets Act 1989; the action for breach of confidence; breach of confidence under HRA 1998; and the Freedom of Information Act 2000.
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"Secrecy." In Macdonald on the Law of Freedom of Information, edited by John MacDonald and Ross Crail. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724452.003.0026.

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This chapter concerns the statutory prohibitions on unauthorized disclosures of information contained in the Official Secrets Act 1989, and their interrelationship with the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act 2000. It identifies the categories of information protected by, and the persons subject to, the 1989 Act. The elements of the various offences created by that Act are discussed, in particular the requirements for disclosures to be made without lawful authority and to be damaging to a specified national interest. The chapter examines the question of compatibility between the 1989 Act and the right to freedom of expression under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, focusing on the House of Lords’ decision in the case of David Shayler. It concludes by considering which of the exemptions from the right of access under the 2000 Act may apply to information within the scope of the 1989 Act.
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"Medical Records." In Macdonald on the Law of Freedom of Information, edited by John MacDonald and Ross Crail. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724452.003.0029.

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The law ascribes great importance to maintaining confidentiality in medical matters. Chapter 21 considers the means by which that principle is enforced at common law and by statute, lifetime exceptions to it, and whether it endures after death. The chapter discusses how to go about obtaining access to one’s own medical records under the Data Protection Act 1998, and access to the medical records of deceased persons under the Access to Health Records Act 1990. The rights of patients under the Access to Medical Reports Act 1988 to see and veto medical reports sought from their doctors by employers or insurance companies are also covered. The 2002 Regulations which authorize processing of anonymized patient information for public health and research purposes are summarized. In conclusion, the chapter looks at how the NHS undertakes to handle patients’ information in its published ‘Care Record Guarantee’.
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"The Position of Local Authorities." In Macdonald on the Law of Freedom of Information, edited by John MacDonald and Ross Crail. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724452.003.0010.

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Access to information held by local government is covered by various statutes and codes. Part VA of the Local Government Act 1972 provides for admission to meetings, access to agendas and reports, inspection of minutes and other documents after meetings, and additional rights for members of principal councils. Part II of the Local Government Act 2000 introduced new executive structures for local authorities. Where an authority has adopted a leader, or mayor, and cabinet executive, access to information is governed by regulations. The general principle is for the public to have access to meetings and documents where a local authority executive, committee, or an individual takes an executive decision. Under the regulations the authorities have to advertise key decisions. The chapter also reviews the new provisions for audit and reports in the Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014 and the Local Government Transparency Codes 2014 and 2015.
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"The Historical Background." In Macdonald on the Law of Freedom of Information, edited by John MacDonald and Ross Crail. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724452.003.0004.

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Writing in 1972, HWR Wade drew attention to the difficulties which British law put in the way of the ordinary citizen trying to obtain or use information in government hands. Wade strikingly commented: ‘This ought to be a topic of administrative law, but it will not become one until Britain, like the United States, gives the public some sort of legal right against the government, and subscribes to the healthy American philosophy of “the public’s right to know”.’ Chapter 3 traces the development of administrative law in the 1960s, the campaign for freedom of information, the piecemeal legislative process, and the 1994 Code of Practice on Access to Government Information. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the 1997 White Paper Your Right to Know and the debates in Parliament as the 2000 Act was passed into law.
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Lloyd, Ian J. "2. The beginnings of data protection." In Information Technology Law, 27–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198830559.003.0002.

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Data protection has, at least in western Europe, been seen as a key element of the legal response to the issue of information surveillance. Dating back to the 1970s and 1980s, many data protection laws are, as is the case in the UK, in their 3rd generation of statutes. The scope (and length) of these statutes has expanded significantly although the core data protection principles have remained essentially unaltered. In addition to developments within the EU there have been data protection initiatives within international fora such as the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the UN, and the Asia-Pacific Privacy Charter initiative. As with early UK developments where commercial pressure driven by the need to guarantee the free movement of data to and from the UK played a major role in the introduction of the first statute – the Data Protection Act 1984 – so commercial factors are once again at play with multi-national companies tending to argue that it is easier for them to comply with a global set of data protection rules – even though restrictive of their commercial freedom, than to have to comply with different rules in every country in which they do business.
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Conference papers on the topic "Freedom of Information Act 1982"

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Pinter, Karl, Dominik Schmelz, Peter Ebenhoch, and Thomas Grechenig. "Citizen Empowerment on the Basis of the new Freedom of Information Act in Austria - Make Information Freedom Great Again." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.329.

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Gackowski, Zbigniew J. "Specification sequence of computer information system components least constraining the designers' freedom in search of solutions (abstract)." In the 1986 ACM fourteenth annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/324634.325269.

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Pisla, Doina, Bogdan Gherman, Paul Tucan, Iosif Birlescu, Alexandru Pusca, Gabriela Rus, Adrian Pisla, and Calin Vaida. "Application Oriented Modelling and Simulation of an Innovative Parallel Robot for Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89968.

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Abstract Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is on the path of becoming a standard procedure in minimally invasive surgery due to the outstanding results obtained both during and after the medical act, these being defined by the reduced hospitalization time, the reduced recovery time, and the reduced visibility of the incision. The paper presents the modeling and simulation of a new parallel robot concept with 6 Degrees of Freedom (DOF), called PARA-SILSROB used for the single incision laparoscopic surgery. The paper focuses on the inverse kinematics, the preliminary design, and the robot control system architecture of PARA-SILSROB. A CAD motion simulation validates the mathematical model using Siemens NX.
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Sanborn, Graham G., Jason R. Heineman, and Ahmed A. Shabana. "A Low Computational Cost Nonlinear Formulation for Multibody Railroad Vehicle Systems." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34522.

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In this investigation, a multibody system formulation for the nonlinear dynamics of railroad vehicles is developed. This formulation, which permits developing simplified models for the forces acting on rail cars, allows the analysis of long trains at a low computational cost. In the dynamic models developed using the formulation proposed in this investigation, each rail car can be represented as a single rigid body. The configurations of the bodies in a train model are defined with respect to trajectory coordinate systems which follow a space curve whose geometry is defined at a preprocessing stage. In the formulation presented in this study, the number of degrees of freedom of an arbitrary body can be varied from one to six degrees of freedom. The principal degree of freedom of an arbitrary body is the arc length along the space curve. This degree of freedom defines the location of the origin and the orientation of the body trajectory coordinate system. The other five degrees of freedom define the location and orientation of the body with respect to the body trajectory coordinate system. The nonlinear equations of motion of the bodies in a train model are developed using the three-dimensional Newton-Euler equations. These equations are then expressed in terms of the trajectory coordinates and their derivatives. To this end, a velocity transformation is obtained by expressing the Cartesian and angular velocities of the bodies in terms of the time derivatives of the trajectory coordinates. Various force element models particular to rail cars are developed in this study. These forces include tractive effort, and air brake and dynamic brake forces, as well as a model of available wheel-rail adhesion. Additionally, various types of couplers are formulated as force elements, allowing the modeling of connections between cars. Resistance forces are also modeled in order to be able to simulate rolling, curve, and air resistance forces that may act on the cars during the train operations.
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Corr, Lawrence R., and William W. Clark. "Piezoceramic Springs for Structural Semi-Active Multi-Modal Vibration Control." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21460.

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Abstract The ideal of controlling the vibrations of a structure by using variable stiffness members has been around for over fifteen years. Two types of mechanical springs, Type I and II, have been devised with control laws to reduce the dynamic response of structures due to disturbances. By comparing the mechanical springs and their control laws to the novel real-time piezoceramic shunt switching techniques, it is clear that piezoceramic actuators can act similar to Type I and II mechanical springs. In this paper, piezoceramic actuators are used with three different shunt circuits (capacitance ladder, switching ground circuit, and switching resistor/inductor circuit) and are compared to their mechanical spring counterparts. A new type of spring, Type III, is introduced along with a new semi-active multi-modal control scheme for piezoceramic actuators. The new multi-modal control technique is used on a simple six degree of freedom numerical example.
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Collins, Curtis L. "Stiffness Modeling and Force Distribution for the All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE)." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35404.

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The All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE) is a six limbed vehicle designed for both mobility and manipulation. Each limb has six active degrees-of-freedom, plus a powered wheel. Along the axis if each wheel is a mechanical interface that allows the integration of tools that can make use of the wheel actuator. Thus each limb can act as a leg for walking, an active suspension for a driven wheel, or a manipulator with an actuated tool. Fundamental to the operation of the system is the ability to control limb pose, overall body pose, as well as regulate limb forces. Joint torques are estimated from the difference between the incremental and absolute encoder readings on each joint. Forces are then computed from joint torques and force regulation is performed by modifying the limb positions. Force regulation allows the vehicle to lift larger payloads and traverse terrain while actively complying to terrain features.
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Klompmaker, Florian, Alexander Dridger, and Karsten Nebe. "Evaluation of Whole-Body Navigation and Selection Techniques in Immersive 3D Environments." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70822.

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Since 2010 when the Microsoft Kinect with its integrated depth-sensing camera appeared on the market, completely new kinds of interaction techniques have been integrated into console games. They don’t require any instrumentalization and no complicated calibration or time-consuming setup anymore. But even having these benefits, some drawbacks exist. Most games only enable the user to fulfill very simple gestures like waving, jumping or stooping, which is not the natural behavior of a user. In addition the depth-sensing technology lacks of haptic feedback. Of course we cannot solve the lack of haptic feedback, but we want to improve the whole-body interaction. Our goal is to develop 3D interaction techniques that give a maximum of freedom to the user and enable her to perform precise and immersive interactions. This work focuses on whole-body interaction in immersive virtual environments. We present 3D interaction techniques that provide the user with a maximum of freedom and enables her to operate precisely and immersive in virtual environments. Furthermore we present a user study, in which we analyzed how Navigation and Manipulation techniques can be performed by users’ body-interaction using a depth-sensing camera and a huge projection screen. Therefore three alternative approaches have been developed and tested: classical gamepad interaction, an indirect pointer-based interaction and a more direct whole-body interaction technique. We compared their effectiveness and preciseness. It turned out that users act faster, while using the gamepad, but generate significantly more errors at the same time. Using depth-sensing based whole-body interaction techniques it became apparent, that the interaction is much more immersive, natural and intuitive, even if slower. We will show the advantages of our approach and how it can be used in various domains, more effectively and efficiently for their users.
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Saito, Kazuya, Akira Tsukahara, and Yoji Okabe. "New Deployable Structures Based on an Elastic Origami Model." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12901.

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Traditionally, origami-based structures are designed on the premise of “rigid folding,” meaning that the facets and fold lines of origami can be replaced with rigid panels and ideal hinges, respectively. Rigid folding is an important factor in defining origami for mathematicians and geometricians. However, ideal rigid folding is impossible in real structures and every act of folding and unfolding is accompanied by elastic deformations. In this study, we focus on these elastic deformations in order to expand origami into a new method of designing morphing structures. We start by proposing a simple model for evaluating elastic deformation in nonrigid origami structures. In this model, the facets of origami are replaced with plates that are not only rigid but also elastic. This partially elastic origami model has a one-degree-of-freedom mechanism; therefore, its folding process can be described using rigid folding simulation techniques. In this process, the deformations of the elastic plates can be calculated and we can estimate the elastic energy through folding/unfolding. We then apply these methods to deployable plate models constructed of quadrilateral plates and hinges to design new deployable structures. Initial strain is introduced into the elastic parts of the partially elastic origami model and these parts function as actuators for deployment. Then, by using the finite element method, we conduct numerical simulations and confirm the deploying capabilities of the models.
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Rossoni, Marco, Patrizia Bolzan, Giorgio Colombo, Monica Bordegoni, and Marina Carulli. "Survey of Digital Tools for the Generation of Ideas." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22443.

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Abstract During the concept phase of the industrial design process drawings are used to represent designer’s ideas. More specifically, the designer’s goal is to put the characteristics of ideas on paper so that they can later act as pivotal points in the development of a project. Sketching is also the ideal tool to continue developing an idea: because it is imprecise, the sketch guarantees a high degree of freedom, allowing for changes to made and new ideas to be added. Another possibility is to translate ideas into sketches on computer tools. This approach can allow the designer to use the created 3D model as the basis for further developing ideas. At the present moment, however, this type of solution is not extensively used by designers during the concept phase. Some researchers have identified technical problems as the reason why these instruments have been unsuccessful on the market, while for others this is related to systems still too rigid to be adapted to the often-diverse needs of designers. The research presented in this position paper aims at analyzing what has so far been understood with respect to the process of generating ideas, their initial representation in the concept phase and the tools that have been developed so far to support this phase. Consequently, a discussion on these themes and some hypotheses from which develop new research lines will be presented.
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Matsuoka, Taichi. "Vibration Suppression Device Having Variable Inertia Mass by MR-Fluid." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47020.

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Authors have proposed a new type of vibration suppression device that utilizes variable inertia mass by fluid which acts as a series inertia mass. The series inertia mass is proportional to not only square of a ratio between a diameter of a piston cylinder and a by-pass pipe, and also a density of the fluid. The resisting force characteristics in case of water or turbine oil were measured. To confirm the proposed theory and investigate effects of vibration control, vibration tests of frequency response and seismic response of one-degree-of-freedom system with the test device were carried out. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results, and the effects of vibration suppression are confirmed experimentally and theoretically. In this paper, in order to derive the effect of a variable inertia mass by using a magnet-rheological fluid, resisting force characteristics of the test device are measured in several cases of magnetic field. The orifice of the by-pass pipe can be changed in virtual, since some rare-earth magnets are installed around the by-pass pipe. It can be seen from experimental results that the inertia force is increasing as stronger magnetic fields. It is pointed out that the variable inertia mass can be derived since clustered magnetic particles in the by-pass pipe act as a virtual orifice under strong magnetic field. The relation between magnetic flux and variable inertia mass are estimated experimentally.
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Reports on the topic "Freedom of Information Act 1982"

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DoD Office of Inspector General. DoD Freedom of Information Act Policies Need Improvement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014323.

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Lagunes, Paul, and Oscar Pocasangre. ynamic Transparency: An Audit of Mexico’s Freedom of Information Act . Inter-American Development Bank, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000842.

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Hasty, III, and Thomas J. Protection of Personal Privacy Interests under the Freedom of Information Act. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada242183.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Information Management: Records Management: The Department of the Army Freedom of Information Act Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402003.

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FIBER IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES INC ST LOUISMO. DoD Freedom of Information Act Program Report for Fiscal Year (FY) 2000. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399342.

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Maier, David W. Department of Defense (DoD) Freedom of Information Act Program Report for Fiscal Year (FY) 2004. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436749.

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Scartascini, Carlos, and Paula Zamora. Do Civil Servants Respond to Behavioral Interventions?: A Field Experiment. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003753.

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Introducing financial incentives to increase productivity in the public sector tends to be politically and bureaucratically cumbersome, particularly in developing countries. Behavioral interventions could be a low-cost alternative, both politically and financially, although evidence of their effectiveness remains scarce. We evaluate the effect of redesigning the notice requiring civil servants in Buenos Aires to comply with citizens requests under Argentina's freedom of information act. The new notice, sent to the treatment group, attempts to exploit salience, deterrence, clarity, and social norms to increase adherence to deadlines. The results show an increase in the share of requests fulfilled by the second deadline, possibly because of a strong anchoring effect. These findings indicate that behavioral interventions can affect civil servants' actions. The fact that the intervention occurred at the same time as a civil service training program with sessions attended by members of both the control and treatment groups allows us to evaluate spillover effects. The evidence suggests that the time it takes a members of the treatment group to respond to a request increases with her interactions with members of the control group at the workshops. These findings have implications for policy design. First, they indicate that behavioral interventions could affect task compliance and productivity in the public sector. Second, they provide evidence that workshops may not always have the intended consequences, particularly when they increase interactions among employees with high and low incentives for task compliance.
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