Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Freedom of choice'
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Enflo, Karin. "Measures of Freedom of Choice." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för praktisk filosofi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179078.
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This thesis studies the problem of measuring freedom of choice. It analyzes the concept of freedom of choice, discusses conditions that a measure should satisfy, and introduces a new class of measures that uniquely satisfy ten proposed conditions. The study uses a decision-theoretical model to represent situations of choice and a metric space model to represent differences between options. The first part of the thesis analyzes the concept of freedom of choice. Different conceptions of freedom of choice are categorized into evaluative and non-evaluative, as well as preference-dependent and preference-independent kinds. The main focus is on the three conceptions of freedom of choice as cardinality of choice sets, representativeness of the universal set, and diversity of options, as well as the three conceptions of freedom of rational choice, freedom of eligible choice, and freedom of evaluated choice. The second part discusses the conceptions, together with conditions for a measure and a variety of measures proposed in the literature. The discussion mostly focuses on preference-independent conceptions of freedom of choice, in particular the diversity conception. Different conceptions of diversity are discussed, as well as properties that could affect diversity, such as the cardinality of options, the differences between the options, and the distribution of differences between the options. As a result, the diversity conception is accepted as the proper explication of the concept of freedom of choice. In addition, eight conditions for a measure are accepted. The conditions concern domain-insensitivity, strict monotonicity, no-choice situations, dominance of differences, evenness, symmetry, spread of options, and limited function growth. None of the previously proposed measures satisfy all of these conditions. The third part concerns the construction of a ratio-scale measure that satisfies the accepted conditions. Two conditions are added regarding scale-independence and function growth proportional to cardinality. Lastly, it is shown that only one class of measures satisfy all ten conditions, given an additional assumption that the measures should be analytic functions with non-zero partial derivatives with respect to some function of the differences. These measures are introduced as the Ratio root measures.
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Rahaley, Mary-Louise. "Reproductive technology : "freedom to choose" ; Catch 22 in choice and control /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr147.pdf.
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Weikard, Hans-Peter. "Sustainable freedom of choice : a new concept." Universität Potsdam, 1996. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/848/.
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The value concept of traditional resource economics is welfare. Therefore,
sustainability of welfare is often taken to characterise our obligations to future generations.This paper argues that this view is inappropriate because it leaves no room for future generations autonomy. Future generations should be free to make their own decisions. Consequently freedom of choice is the appropriate value concept on which resource economics should be based. The concept of sustainability receives a new interpretation. Sustainability is a principle of intertemporal distributive justice which requires equitable opportunities across generations.
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Chan, Wai-hing. "Persistent preferences : effects of freedom to choose on subsequent choices /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MARK%202005%20CHAN.
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Podlasli, Heidi M. "Freedom and existentialist choice in the fiction of Kate Chopin." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774759.
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Kate Chopin, 1851-1904, gained national fame when her local color stories became published in acclaimed magazines such as Vogue and the Atlantic. Her novel, The Awakening (1899), however, criticized for its controversial content and its heroine, Edna Pontellier, whose ambiguous actions and final suicide were focus of the critical attention, received only negative reactions and silenced Chopin as a writer. Interpretations by feminists, realists, or culturalhistorians proved insufficient in their attempts to explain the dilemma of the heroine. Approached from an existentialist point of view, the novel seems to derive new meaning, but the few extant critical discussions remain either too superficial or too general in scope. A thorough explication of J.-P. Sartre's existentialism, in particular, however, would provide a fresh, insightful interpretation not only of The Awakening, but also of selected short stories that had critics equally torn when faced with the seemingly ambivalent decisions of their heroines.Following the literature review of Chapter I, Chapter II will provide background information on Sartrian existentialism while focusing on such terms as anguish, bad faith, and authenticity that are especially relevant for a better understanding of Chopin's works. How several of her short stories and The Awakening will derive new significance when approached from an existentialist perspective will be shown in Chapters III and IV, respectively, the interpretation mainly centering on the argument that the dilemmas of the heroines, formerly described as "female" or "romantic," are essentially "human" and derive universal, therefore existential significance. Finally, I will try to account for Kate Chopin's "existentialism" in Chapter V by not only taking a closer look at the social issues she was surrounded by, and also her personal life that was the foundation of her thinking, being expressed in ideas that would put her way beyond the "Zeitgeist" of her times.Department of English
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CHIRICO, ANNALISA. "Prostitution as a matter of freedom." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201002.
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Can prostitution be conceived as a voluntary choice? Can the exchange of sexual services in return for money be seen as an act of will? Is it possible to distinguish between voluntary and coerced prostitution? Going through the philosophical debate within the feminist arena, my thesis will analyse the main theoretical standpoints: the radical one, mostly based on gender identity and adversarial logic between sexes; the libertarian one relying on self-ownership and individual freedom; the median one which tries to strike a balance between the two preceding perspectives admitting a certain dose of paternalism. To better understand the polarity within the feminist debate, consider that, while the American feminist Catherine MacKinnon excludes the possibility of voluntary prostitution, waging also a crusade against pornography seen as “an arm of prostitution”1, on the other hand the self-described dissident feminist, Camille Paglia, views the prostitute as “one of the few women who is totally in control of her fate, totally in control of the realm of sex”2. Moreover, moving from the theoretical to the descriptive dimension, I will describe the main regulatory frameworks existing in some countries, from the most liberal to the strictest one. My thesis is that there is no reason to exclude the possibility of voluntary prostitution, that is the possibility that someone chooses prostitution as a “desirable” activity; and that a neat distinction does exist between voluntary sex working and exploitation, being the latter featured by coercion.
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Coffman, Nicholas. "A Free Choice to Trust: An Essay on the Necessary Requirement for Freedom of Choice in Interpersonal Trust." Thesis, Department of Philosophy, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10248.
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In everyday life we are constantly confronted with situations that we think require us to trust. Getting on the bus, depositing a check, or simply buying food from a local street vendor all seem to call upon us to trust to some degree. The suggestion that we regularly trust in these instances is fairly noncontroversial among writers on trust. Some philosophers such as Onora O’Neill have suggested that in such routine circumstances we may often find we have no choice but to trust. Others, such as Philip Pettit, have suggested we “may have no option but to make [trust] manifest.” But is it right to characterise this as trust? The central purpose of this paper will be to answer this question of whether the nature of trust allows for trusting because we have no other option.
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Thompson, Henry. "Freedom from choice : the persistence of censorship in post-1968 American cinema." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/freedom-from-choice-the-persistence-of-censorship-in-post1968-american-cinema(970b7db4-f08a-4f64-b195-bac6b23fcde0).html.
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Jack Valenti, then President of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), formally announced the commencement of a new Motion Picture Code and Rating Program on November 1, 1968; a mode of industry self-regulation designed to replace the, by then discredited, Production Code. Despite the Program's intended role in providing freedom of choice, censorship has persisted after 1968. Censorship is defined here as the efforts by some to restrict the viewing options of others, for reasons of personal morality, commercial self-interest or ideological necessity. American moviegoers and other consumers of American cinematic culture have, paradoxically, been freed from choice. The availability of 24/7 porn on cable television and the undoubted explosion of explicit violence in mainstream cinema after 1968 are superficial distractions from the homogenising effects of both the pressure to make movies that can be screened to large predominantly teenage audiences and the pressures not to upset vocal pressure groups. In extending and mapping out the territory of the consumer the industry has, both in the types of movie on offer and in the mode of regulation chosen, effectively curtailed the space for the citizen to ask more demanding questions either about movie content or about the benefits of allowing a small number of media conglomerates to construct the viewing menu. The Program remains in place but its efficacy has been widely questioned. The thesis breaks the development of the Program into three phases organised around Richard Heffner's operation of the Program between 1974 and 1994. In the early years, despite the self-styled liberalism of the New Hollywood renaissance, both ideological and commercial constraints were applied to content. Only after Heffner's arrival in 1974 did the Program begin to function as Valenti had originally envisaged. However, the slow emergence of narrowcasting and the expansion of conglomerate ownership ensured the continuance of commercial self-censorship. These changes found maturation in a third phase of the Program's operation, after 1994. The research considers evidence of commercially motivated self-censorship as well as evidence of politically motivated censorship. The cumulative effect of industry change has been a commodification of entertainment- a denial of any interest other than that of the consumer- and the privatisation of a key part of the process of setting cultural norms. The thesis considers the risks for a functioning democracy posed by the emergence of a global entertainment complex that has an overwhelming economic interest in shaping the 'marketplace of ideas'.
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Foster, H. Alan. "The anxiety of freedom choice in Soren Kierkegaard's theology of the Christian life /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Vidyananda, Narat. "Freedom without choice : patron-clientelism and the evolution of Thai politics (1782-1992) /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2004.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004.Adviser: W. Scott Thompson. Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 299-323). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Bavetta, Sebastiano. "Individual freedom in economics : opportunities and constraints in the social choice theory perspective." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312164.
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Brown, Lisa (Lisa Christina). "Class and Freedom of Choice in the Marriage Patterns of Antebellum Texas Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500430/.
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Little scholarly analysis has been devoted to the hypothesis that antebellum Texas women generally married within their own socioeconomic (slaveholding) class, and thus had only limited choice in the selection of marriage partners. This quantitatively based investigation suggests that the popular image should be carefully qualified. This study reveals that although a majority of Texas women who married during the early 1850s chose men who had the same slaveholding status, a significant minority crossed class lines. By using marriage records of the period in correlation with information gleaned from the census, conclusions were reached. Contemporary women's diaries, letters and reminiscences were investigated, in addition to a historiography of marriage in the South, which created the background for this study.
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Mariani, Chantós Guilherme Antunes. "Ensaios sobre decisão, incerteza e escolha social no contexto político." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109284.
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A presente dissertação apresenta dois ensaios sobre decisão, incerteza e escolha social no contexto eleitoral. O primeiro ensaio aborda de modo teórico o tema da ambiguidade nos discursos de campanha dos políticos, relacionando-o com a teoria da decisão sob incerteza, e trazendo os seus efeitos para a tomada de decisão individual e coletiva. O segundo ensaio trata de uma análise teórica acerca da liberdade de escolha dos indivíduos durante o processo eleitoral quando há incerteza a respeito das características dos candidatos, utilizando como base duas abordagens axiomáticas de liberdade de escolha presentes na literatura.This dissertation presents two essays on decision, uncertainty and social choice in the electoral context. The first essay theoretically approaches the topic of ambiguous campaign discourses, relating it to the decision theory under uncertainty, and showing what effects it can have on individual and social decision-making processes. The second essay analyzes the freedom of choice aspects of the electoral process when there is uncertainty about the characteristics of candidates, using two axiomatic approaches of freedom that are present in the literature.
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Veidlinger, Daniel M. (Daniel Marc) Carleton University Dissertation Religion. "Paticcasamuppada, Kamma and freedom of choice; a study of the Nikayas and some modern interpretations." Ottawa, 1994.
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Nord, Karolina Olga. "Capable parents: Freedom of choice under the GDPR : A case study of families’ media literacy competencies." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34949.
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An increasing number of Swedish children have access to connected media devices and as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation will soon be implemented, on May 25th, 2018, it creates new options for parents. The GDPR suggests that parents will have greater freedoms to manage children’s data. However, this thesis questions that notion with governmentality theory and investigate how these choices will be met by the parents. Previous research propose that media literacy is the ability to access, evaluate and create messages that better reflect citizens’ realities, carrying hopes of democratisation. The accounts of five Swedish families portray an absence of adequate media literacy competencies to manage children’s online safety, regarding commercial data processing. Not only revealing difficulties in complying with the GDPR, but also that media literacy competencies alone would not make the families interviewed more engaged in changing habits regarding their privacy. Indicating that the parents equated GDPR to obsolete choices, where partial or full opt-out would cause a greater menace than the commodification of children’s data.
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Welander, Amanda, and Anna Maria Kahlin. "Diskursanalys av skoldebatten i svensk press åren 1994 och 2013 : "det är eleverna som har rätt att välja skola, det är inte skolan som har rätt att välja elever"." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-20946.
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In the two years 1994 and 2013 the focus of the Swedish media in the school debate has been on segregation, freedom of choice, and support for weak students. In 2013 while the media was still united on the above issues the overall emphasis is on profitability. In 1994 the focus was more on weak students who in 2013 are considered unprofitable. The purpose of this essay is to study the Swedish media and their debate on Swedish schools and witch concepts related to "one school that fits all" in the year 1994 and also in 2013. We have analysed related articles and their concepts, norms, and values to see if there are any differences between their focus on the said issues in the two years. We have also studied the ideas and concepts that came under scrutiny and discussion in these two years, and shall investigate if there are differences in the debates conducted in 1994 and those conducted in 2013.
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Alvarsson, Mattias, and Serrano Robin Alarik Ramos. "Frihet, forskning och ideologi : Diskurs- och ideologianalys av de senaste årensforskning kring choice overload." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37341.
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This study aims to examine and observe the discourse around freedom within academia, morespecifically within research pertaining to the choice overload phenomenon. The study isqualitative in nature and would be best described as a discourse,- and ideology analysis. Thestudy observes the current discourse around choice overload and how the phenomenon ispresented and problematized. Furthermore the study aims to examine if there are anyideological influences in this area of research. The studies being analyzed are publishedbetween 2016 to the middle of 2018 and based around the keyword choice overload,. Theresults of this study show that recent research regarding choice overload is in overwhelmingmajority conducted by marketing and hence presented in a market-minded perspective. Thestudy also finds that there seems to exist an indication of two “perspectives” when it comes tothe researchers views on choice overload. In these study these perspectives are categorized byone having a more pragmatic, solution-oriented view in relation to the phenomenon and theother one being more sceptical to its existence at all. The conclusion brings mixed results,whereas while the study shows that there are prevalent tendencies to problematize and presentchoice overload from a profit seeking perspective as opposed to a general societal healthperspective, the controlled nature of the language used in research makes it hard to draw anyconcrete conclusions. The study ends on an encouraging note, leaving suggestions for furthermore in-depth research to contribute to this field of knowledge.Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och observera diskursen kring valfrihet inom akademia,specifikt inom forskning kring fenomenet choice overload. Denna studie är kvalitativ till sinnatur och kan bäst beskrivas som en diskurs,- och ideologianalys. Studien observerardiskursen kring choice overload och hur fenomenet presenteras och problematiseras. Vidareämnar denna studie att examinera om det förekommer ideologiska strömningar inomforskningsfältet. De studier som analyseras är baserade kring nyckelordet choice overloadoch är publicerade mellan 2016 och första halvan av 2018. Resultaten av denna studie visaratt nylig forskning kring choice overload är dominerad av marknadsföring och därefterpresenterad ur ett marknadsekonomiskt perspektiv. Studien finner även att det tycks existeraen indikation av två olika “perspektiv” när det kommer till hur forskare ser på choiceoverload. I denna studie kategoriseras dessa perspektiv av att ena har en mer pragmatisk ochlösningsorienterad inställning gentemot fenomenet, medan det andra förhåller sig merskeptiska till fenomenets existens. Resultatet av studien är blandat, då fastän studien visar attdet finns tydliga tendenser att problematisera och presentera choice overload ur ettvinst-sökande perspektiv i motsats till ett folkhälso,- och samhällsperspektiv, så förhindrasstudien från att finna konkreta resultat på grund av det kontrollerade språket inom akademiskforskning och problematiken med allmän generalisering. Studien avslutas med förslag förvidare forskning för att bidra till kunskap kring ideologi inom akademia.
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Krachun, Carla. "How many is enough?, the effects of number of options and selections on perceived freedom of choice and satisfaction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57667.pdf.
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Krachun, Carla (Karla Susan) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "How many is engough? The Effects of number of option and selections on perceived freedom of choice and satisfaction." Ottawa, 2000.
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Elias, Maria Ligia Ganacim Granado Rodrigues. "Liberdade como não interferência, liberdade como não dominação, liberdade construtivista: uma leitura do debate contemporâneo sobre a liberdade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-16012015-152209/.
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Esta tese se insere no campo da teoria política normativa e tem como tema o estudo do debate sobre o conceito de liberdade. Nossa proposta consiste em analisar o conceito de liberdade como não interferência, de Isaiah Berlin; o conceito de liberdade como não dominação, de Philip Pettit; e a ideia de liberdade construtivista, de Nancy Hirschmann, para assim colocar esses conceitos em relação entre si. Objetivamos indicar a possibilidade de diálogo entre as diferentes correntes teóricas apontadas, como também propor uma leitura sobre o conceito de liberdade, para assim ampliarmos o nosso entendimento sobre o que é ser livre. Acreditamos que articular elementos das diferentes teorias pode enriquecer essa reflexão que pretende ser teórico-normativa, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, ambiciona refletir sobre as condições de liberdade para os diferentes sujeitos, tendo em vista as suas vidas nas sociedades contemporâneas e plurais. Nosso argumento é de que o exercício de compreender diferentes visões de liberdade de forma articulada é um caminho profícuo para abordarmos a indagação sobre quem é o sujeito livre. Desse modo, procuramos não apenas retomar criticamente os conceitos dos autores citados, mas também oferecer um possível diálogo entre as distintas concepções de liberdade tratadas nesta tese. Além disso, propomos usar o tema da opressão para articular elementos do pensamento dos três principais autores retomados aqui: Isaiah Berlin, Philip Pettit e Nancy Hirschmann. Defendemos que a ideia de não opressão pode ser uma abordagem teórica e política para discutirmos a liberdade. Tal chave de leitura nos permite pensar não só os espaços de liberdade, mas as diferentes experiências das pessoas. Assim, a liberdade considerada como não opressão relaciona a liberdade com a liberdade de escolha e, ao mesmo tempo, indica a necessidade da não dominação e atenção à construção do sujeito que escolhe. As escolhas se inserem em relações complexas, e a leitura da liberdade pela ideia da opressão é uma ferramenta normativa atenta a importantes aspectos políticos dessas escolhasThis thesis belongs to normative political theory field and has as its theme the study of the debate on the concept of freedom. Our proposal is to analyze Isaiahs Berlins concept of freedom as non-interference, Philip Pettits concept of freedom as nondomination, and Nancy Hirschmanns idea of constructivist freedom, and thereby to put these concepts in relation to each other. We intend not only to indicate the possibility of a dialogue between these different theoretical views, but also to propose a new way of developing the concept of freedom in order to expand our understanding of what is to be free. We believe that the articulation of elements taken from different theories can enrich this reflection that intends to be theoreticalnormative, but at the same time aspires to reflect about the conditions of freedom of the different subjects regarding their lives in plural and contemporary societies. Our argument is that the exercise of understanding different views of freedom in an articulated manner is a fruitful way to approach the question of who is the free subject. Thus, we not only approach critically the concepts of these authors, but we also offer a possible dialogue between the different conceptions of freedom treated in this thesis. In addition, we propose to use the theme of oppression to articulate elements of the thoughts of the three main authors discussed on this thesis: Isaiah Berlin, Philip Pettit and Nancy Hirschmann. We defend that the idea of non oppression, can be a theoretical and political approach to discuss freedom. This key of reading allow us to think not only spaces of freedom, but the different experiences of people. Thus, freedom considered as non oppression relates freedom to freedom of choice and, at the same time, indicates the necessity of non domination and attention to the construction of the choosing subject. The choices are embedded in complex relationships, and reading freedom by the idea of non oppression is a normative tool aware of important political aspects of these choices
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Malmström-Filipowicz, Susanne, and Elise Andersson. "Hemundervisning som aktivt val." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1229.
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The aim of this paper is to look into the occurrence of home schooling by choice in Sweden. It examines the subject of home education in order to provide an informative overview. It also looks into the legal aspects of the matter to see whether freedom of choice is an issue here when it comes to choosing a certain type of teaching for children of compulsory school age. A further purpose is to provide a comparison of home education in Sweden and in other countries such as the United States, England and Norway.
In order to do this we have carried out a secondary analysis of previous research and have also interviewed teachers as well as people with experience of home educating their own children. To accomplish this, we had to look to England for literature and home educating families as home education is a much more common practise in England.
The result of this paper strongly indicates that home schooling is not only a legally viable option to traditional schooling, both in Sweden and the other countries concerned, but that it is also a trend that is expected to increase. This is more than likely due to the modern society of today where freedom of personal choice is increasingly demanded by the general public and where the rule of collective culture and thinking perhaps is becoming a thing of the past.
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Örberg, Elin. "Valfrihetssystem i äldreomsorgen : Äldre personers erfarenheter av att välja hemtjänst." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1788.
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Utvecklingen inom äldreomsorgen har under de senaste decennierna lett till en mer marknadsanpassad äldreomsorg. Den äldre ska efter att ha fått sitt biståndsbeslut välja vilken utförare som ska tillhandahålla den beviljade insatsen. Valfrihetssystem blir allt vanligare i samhället och valfrihet i sig har länge varit ett politiskt mål. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka äldre personers erfarenheter av att välja hemtjänst. Frågor som har tagits upp är hur man väljer, vad som påverkar hur man väljer, om valet anses vara lätt och om man generellt är nöjd med det system som finns. Metoden som har använts är strukturerade intervjuer där respondenternas svar har kodats i SPSS. Åtta av intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Uppsatsen har ett brukarfokus och utgår från de äldres perspektiv och syftar till att lyfta fram deras åsikter och erfarenheter om valfrihetssystemet inom hemtjänsten. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av Hirschmans teori om exit, voice och loyalty samt med en deskriptiv beslutsteori, prospektteori. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att systemet idag inte är verksamt i den mening det var tänkt. Alla äldre väljer inte hemtjänst, fysiska och psykiska hinder står i vägen och få väljer att utnyttja sin rätt att byta utförare. Generellt är de äldre nöjda med den hjälp de får och valet av hemtjänstutförare är inte det primära för de äldre.Elin Örberg
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Mohoric, Lauren E. "Restructuring to a Substantial Choice-based Art Curriculum." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent15877419441678.
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Crüger, Arwed [Verfasser]. "Bargaining Theory and Fairness. : A Theoretical and Experimental Approach Considering Freedom of Choice and the Crowding-out of Intrinsic Motivation. / Arwed Crüger." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1238318886/34.
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Karlsson, Pernilla, Edip Sarac, and Zaid Mohsen. "Market entry strategy : Four case studies of Swedish IT-businesses entering in Norway." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18169.
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The trade today consist of global trade. Businesses are exercising cross-border activities and businesses tend to establish themselves in foreign markets. Many choices and factors affect a business choice of country to enter, and its choice of form of establishment in the new market. Therefore the thesis will examine the market entry strategy of the four Swedish businesses Lundalogik AB, Infobric AB, Funded-by-me AB, and PayEx AB in the information technology (IT) industry that have established their businesses in Norway. The authors believe that Norway is an interesting country to study as it is one of Sweden's most important ex-port markets and the IT-sector stands for approximately 13% of all Swedish exports towards the whole world. The purpose with the thesis is to explore and understand the market entry strategy used by the above mentioned four Swedish IT-businesses when entering the Norwegian market. With help of the purpose of the thesis the authors intend to answer what the underlying reasons for the four businesses were when entering the Norwegian market and its choice of form of establishment. As this is an explorative study the research method applied is an inductive approach with influences from the grounded theory. An inductive approach is when observations help to formulate a theory whereas the grounded theory is when a theory is discovered from social research. The reason why an inductive approach is better suited for the thesis is due to the flexibility in deciding which theory to choose after analyzing the primary data. After analyzing the four case studies it can be concluded that no pure internationalization strategy exists among the companies, instead a variety of customer follower and market seeker strategies are common. Moreover, the choice of form of establishment has many factors. Credibility, market knowledge, design of business and existing business relationships were the four most common factors identified by the authors affecting the case studies‟ choice of form of establishment.
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Margineanu, Elena. "The challenge of wrong expressions as «social distance» and context-based information mismatch on the pillars of civil science." Thesis, National Аviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48787.
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The measures on civil liberties imposed in 2020 were unprecedented in modern society, and they’re coercive and limiting nature has shifted the perception of justice. The principle of legality and equality, as main pillars of
democracy and modern civil science, in the form of current and proposed regulations is loosing the public support and acceptance, since formulated expressions do not behold the original meaning of rights and freedom of choice anymore. Before establishing a new rule of law with another collective consensus, the rule of man might become the transitory phase during the shifts of social paradigms, representing the protective mechanism for human rights, family and justice.
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Latta, Megan T. "A Question of Values: Overpopulation and Our Choice Between Procreative Rights and Security-Survival." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/746.
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This thesis analyzes the beliefs of population theorist Julian L. Simon through the creation of a harm principle. It specifically analyzes his argument that we value our freedom to choose how many children we want above all other values in the context of overpopulation and environmental destruction. The developed harm principle is meant to give us a method to decide how to balance our personal freedom with our security-survival. I begin with an overview of Simon’s work, as well as an exposition of other prominent population theorists. I then propose a principle that is a utilitarian alternative to John Stuart Mill’s Harm Principle. I apply the principle to the situation wherein overpopulation causes such great environmental damage that we must choose between upholding procreative rights and our continued survival. I conclude that in most cases we will accept limitations on our procreative freedom in order to maintain our planet and ensure our security-survival.
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Kallstenius, Jenny. "De mångkulturella innerstadsskolorna : Om skolval, segregation och utbildningsstrategier i Stockholm." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-47149.
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An educational reform was carried out in Sweden in the early 1990s. This reform involved implementing a far reaching policy of freedom of choice. The reform resulted in an increased establishment of independent schools, competition between schools and gave cause to substantial student flows between different city districts and public and independent schools. This study focuses on three public compulsory schools in Stockholm city with a striking inflow of students from socially disadvantaged suburbs, and an outflow of students to other schools. The aim is to describe and analyse how school leaders, teachers, parents and students relate to, and make use of, the freedom of choice policy. The study revolves around the following questions: How does the policy affect the schools’ positions in the field of education? How can the inflow of students be explained? How does the increased diversity affect identity formation and social relations among students? How can the outflow of students living within the schools’ catchment areas be explained? The empirical data were collected through an ethnographic fieldwork over the course of one year, using different techniques foremost observations, focus groups and interviews. My theoretical point of departure is that an understanding of these processes must take societal structures and social positions, as well as individual and institutional factors, into account. In my analyses I draw on Bourdieu’s theoretical framework and concepts such as field, habitus, capital and social space. The findings suggest that the schools’ positions, and the actors’ practices, are determined by objective factors, but that surrounding social and symbolic structures also plays an important role. Symbolic capital associated with “Swedishness”, and characteristics ascribed to stigmatized suburbs and the better-off inner-city districts, are important factors to understand the student flows and the development at the studied schools.
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Rubagotti, Eroan. "La liberté de choisir son cocontractant en droit privé." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0045.
Full textAbstract:
La liberté de choisir son cocontractant est considérée comme un élément nécessaire aux interactions sociales entre les individus, une donnée indispensable au bon fonctionnement du marché permettant de garantir la libre concurrence. Elle apparaît comme un outil de règlement optimal de la satisfaction des besoins de chacun. Il se pose néanmoins la question de son existence en droit positif parce que, jusqu’en 2016, le libre choix était absent du Code civil. Les auteurs affirment son existence depuis le Code de 1804, essentiellement à travers la liberté contractuelle, faisant ainsi douter de son autonomie. En outre, il convient également de s’interroger sur la consistance du principe, ce qui implique d’observer ses différentes applications concrètes au stade de la formation du contrat et les mécanismes qui viennent le garantir contre les atteintes qui lui sont portées. Le principe du libre choix de son partenaire contractuel est aujourd’hui consacré à l’article 1102 du Code civil mais se voit immédiatement limité par la loi et l’ordre public. Le caractère absolu du principe est donc exclu. Or, au regard de la multiplication des entraves à la liberté de sélectionner son partenaire au contrat, se pose la question de la réalité de celle-ci. En effet, en raison d’une fondamentalisation du droit, il est imposé de concilier le libre choix de son cocontractant avec les droits et libertés fondamentaux des candidats. Il en résulte des limitations légales. D’une part, le choisissant ne peut fonder sa sélection sur n’importe quel critère. D’autre part, il peut se voir interdit de choisir son cocontractantThe right to choose ones co-contractor is a necessary element in social interactions between individuals, an essential element to a well functioning market, in order to guarantee free competition. It is an optimal tool towards general satisfaction. Nevertheless the question of its existence in private law remains because, up to 2016, free choice was absent from civil code. Since 1804, authors have affirmed its existence, essentially through the means of contractual rights, questionning its autonomy. Furthermore, questions must be asked about this principle’s strength, involving observation of its concrete applications at the stage of contract formation and its guarantee mechanisms...Today, the right to choose ones co-contractor is established in article 1102 of the civil code but it is limited by law and ordre public. It isn’t an absolute principle. Regarding the multiplication of obstacles to the freedom to select ones co-contractor, there is the question of its reality. Indeed, because of the private law fundamentalisation movement, one must reconcile freedom of choice with potential candidates’ fundamental rights and freedoms. This results in legal limitations. On one hand, individuals can’t base their selection on whatever criterion. On the other hand, they may be forbidden to choose their co-contractor
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Gerber, Karla. "Through the looking-glass : the Matrix as filmic container and fortigenic tool." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46111.
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This qualitative investigation addresses the notion of using the film The Matrix (Silver, & Wachowski, Wachowski, 1999) as a fortigenic tool. Fortigenesis is a process of developing strengths. Within the relatively new field of positive psychology (PP) the premise is that character strengths and virtues can be fostered to lead a better life with positive goals and richer meaning. This positive outlook has several links with existentialism. As such PP and existentialism were used as theoretical points of departure in this reading of the film. For this new field to grow, positive psychologists embrace the idea of using many foci. Hence many looking-glasses or lenses were used in this reading: these are PP, existentialism, philosophy, Christianity and fairy-tales. As a result, several PP notions such as self-efficacy, love, hope, courage, open-mindedness, creativity and faith and two existential themes, freedom of choice and will to meaning, were read into this motion picture. Thus conceptually, The Matrix is specifically explored as a filmic container. Its application as a fortigenic tool is highlighted through the use of Broaden-and-Build theory to validate and solidify constructs. Broaden-and-build theory is founded on the idea that positive emotions lead to a broadening of cognition (e.g. new and creative ways of thinking), which in turn allows for a broader repertoire of positive actions that people can consider. Lastly, conclusions are discussed, one being that more research about the positive in psychology is necessary.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Psychology
MA
Unrestricted
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Steponavičius, Irmantas. "Isaiaho Berlino negatyviosios ir pozityviosios laisvės perskyra." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20110709_151620-92313.
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Šiame darbe įrodinėju tezę: Berlino dviejų laisvių perskyra pagrįsta, nes tiek praeities, tiek dabarties mąstytojų teorinei minčiai būdingi pozityviosios arba negatyviosios laisvės bruožai. I-oje dalyje pateikiu Berlino pagrindinius dviejų laisvių bruožus. Taip pat nagrinėju Berlino darbus, skirtus lygybės, istorijos filosofijos, pliuralizmo bei Apšvietos ir Romantizmo problematikai. Teigiu, jog Berlinas – negatyviosios laisvės gynėjas, mat jo filosofijoje ginama individo pasirinkimo laisvė, asmuo suprantamas kaip autonomiškas subjektas. Berlinas pasisako už vertybinio pliuralizmo idėjas, teigia, jog visiems žmonėms turi būti garantuotos vienodos galimybės. II-oje dalyje nagrinėju 3-jų žymių praeities mąstytojų laisvės sampratas, įrodinėju, jog jos turi negatyviosios arba pozityviosios laisvės bruožų. Nustatau, kad Loko teorijoje vyrauja negatyviosios laisvės nuostatos, mat autorius teigia, jog visi individai laisvi ir patys gali rinktis gyvenimo tikslus. Spinozos darbus priskiriu pozityviosios laisvės tradicijai, nes autorius teigia, jog laisvi tegali būti individai, besivadovaujantys protu. Teigiu, jog Hegelio sistema priklauso toms pozityviosios laisvės teorijoms, anot kurių asmuo gali būti laisvas tik priklausydamas politinei bendruomenei. III-oje dalyje analizuoju Berlino laisvių perskyros kritiką. Ji pateikiama XX a. Politinių teorijų kontekste: XXa. Vyksta atkaklus ginčas tarp negatyviosios (individualistų) ir pozityviosios (bendruomenininkų) laisvės atstovų. Teigiu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]In this work I'm proving thesis: the Berlin's distinction between two freedoms is legitimate, because the attributes of positive or negative freedom are characteristic to the past thinkers' theoretical thought. In the first part I'm setting forth the main characteristics of Berlin's two freedoms. I'm also investingating the works of Berlin, which are investigating the problems of equality, philosophy of history, pluralism and Romanticism and Enlightenment. I maintain that Berlin is proponent of negative freedom, because the freedom of individual choice is protected in his philosophy, person is comprehended as autonomous subject. Berlin is proponent of value pluralism, he maintains that equal opportunities must be ensured for all. In the second part I'm analysing the concepts of freedom of three past thinkers, I'm arguing that these concepts of freedom have the features of negative or positive freedom. I'm settling that there are certain attitudes of negative freedom which are dominating in the theory of Locke: it is because author states that all individuals are free and can freely choose the ends of life. I attribute the works of Spinoza to the tradition of positive freedom, because author states that only mind following people can be free. I state, that the system of Hegel belongs to those theories of positive freedom, according to which person can only be free if he belongs to the political community. In the third part I'm analysing the criticism to the Berlin's freedom... [to full text]
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Gailan, Mohammad. "Financial Success and the American Dream : A Marxist Reading of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21547.
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This paper analyses Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman. The main focus is on the theme American Dream and its influences on the characters. Classical Marxism and Althusser’s Marxist theory have been used as the theoretical framework for this paper to answer the questions: In which ways has the American dream as a concept of happiness and financial success affected the characters? Can the American dream and capitalism be blamed for the Loman family’s situation? The conclusion drawn after studying Miller’s play is that the material side of the American dream can be identified as the dominant in the play and it has more negative effects than positive ones on the Lomans, the effects are both mental and physical. Despite the negative effects of the American dream and capitalism on the characters in Miller’s Death of a Salesman, one cannot blame them for the Loman family’s situation. It is the individuals (characters) that must be blamed because everyone can independently in a democratic and free society make their own choices. For that reason, people have to stand up for their actions and take responsibility for the consequences of their choices and actions whether the consequences are good or bad. Hence, the problem in Miller’s play is not so much about ideological influences as it is about self-awareness.
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Боханов, Г. Ю. "Відмова від медичного втручання військовослужбовця: правовий та етичний виміри." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/54275.
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Актуальність: Забезпечення права на вибір та самовизначення є одним із самих складних в сфері охорони здоровя, адже покладає на людину прийняття компетентного волевиявлення щодо власного життя. Базовими вимогами даного права є свобода вибору і можливість в будь-який час змінити власне рішення. Дане право є конституційним і непорушним. Проте можливість його реалізації ускладнюється для певних груп населення, зокрема для військовослужбовців ЗСУ.
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Nissander, Sam. "“There is no point in trying”: Conformity & Resistance : An anthropological study of student attitudes in a Swedish upper secondary school." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-180767.
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Based on a two month-long fieldwork in a Swedish upper secondary school, this thesis examines student attitudes and strives to increase the understanding of how they are formed, how students and teachers are positioned to the collective habitus, as well as how the students’ views of their attitudes relates to their practical expressions of them. The study is placed in a scientific debate regarding student resistance and conformity but shifts the focus from the implications they have to the motivations they are the result of. The analysis is grounded in research suggesting that the main factors for the formation of attitudes is the means to obtain what you desire as well as the freedom to choose that you desire. The conclusion settles around speculations to why the student attitudes look like they do, such as lack of symbolic capital or adoption of social roles given to them, as well as a need to fit in to the collective habitus or experiencing feelings of shame and hopelessness. It is also suggested that there is a disjuncture between the students’ narratives and practices of the attitudes and that the reason behind this might be feelings of shame and hopelessness created by not fitting in.
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Gonzalez, Ariel. "The Incompatibility of Freedom of the Will and Anthropological Physicalism." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1591.
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Many contemporary naturalistic philosophers have taken it for granted that a robust theory of free will, one which would afford us with an agency substantial enough to render us morally
responsible for our actions, is itself not conceptually compatible with the philosophical theory of naturalism. I attempt to account for why it is that free will (in its most substantial form)
cannot be plausibly located within a naturalistic understanding of the world. I consider the issues surrounding an acceptance of a robust theory of free will within a naturalistic framework.
Timothy O’Connor’s reconciliatory effort in maintaining both a scientifically naturalist understanding of the human person and a full-blooded theory of agent-causal libertarian free
will is considered. I conclude that Timothy O’Connor’s reconciliatory model cannot be maintained and I reference several conceptual difficulties surrounding the reconciliation of
agent-causal libertarian properties with physical properties that haunt the naturalistic libertarian.B.A.
Bachelors
Philosophy
Arts and Humanities
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Рувін, О. Г., and O. H. Ruvin. "Принцип свободи у державотворенні: філософсько-правовий вимір: дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2010. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/787.
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Рувін О. Г. Принцип свободи у державотворенні: філософсько-правовий вимір: дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.12 – філософія права / Рувін Олександр Григорович. – Львів: ЛьвДУВС, 2010. - 177 с.Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню особливостей реалізації принципу свободи у державотворенні на основі залучення трьох способів аналізу: філософсько-правового, теоретико-правового, нормативно-правового. У роботі обґрунтовано, що свобода особи як ознака її правового статусу включає два аспекти: об’єктивний (зовнішня свобода) і суб’єктивний (внутрішня свобода), де зовнішня свобода – зміст права, тоді як внутрішня − умова існування права; єдність обох аспектів свободи особи зумовлює і єдність правоохоронних інтересів та об’єктивних інтересів кожної конкретної особи. Констатовано стратегічні підходи щодо дослідження поняття і структури законодавчого регулювання свободи особи та громадянина, що зумовлює наявність суб’єктивного аспекту правового регулювання; виокремивши ознаки поняття «зловживання свободою особи та громадянина», запропоновано методи усунення такого зловживання і проведено структуризацію правового механізму забезпечення свободи у державі. Dissertation is devoted research of features of realization of principle of freedom in creation of the state on the basis of bringing in of three methods of analysis: philosophical-legal, teoretyko-legal, normatively legal. It is well-proven that forming process democratically legal the states characterized providing and constitutional defense of freedom of person and citizen on the basic defending of their rights and freedoms. On the basis of research of freedom in the system of other constitutionally confirmed concepts, principles, norms, in their intercommunication and influence grounded two aspects interpretation of freedom of person in a right enplaned it objective and subjective display In-process grounded, that freedom of person as sign of it legal status includes two aspects: objective (external freedom) and subjective (internal freedom), where external freedom is maintenance of right, while internal the condition of existence of right; unity of both aspects of freedom of person is predetermined by unity of law-enforcement interests and objective interests of every concrete person. Strategic approaches are formulated in relation to research of concept and structure of the legislative adjusting and its value in providing of freedom of person and citizen which stipulates the presence of subjective aspect of the legal adjusting; selecting the signs of concept «abuse of freedom of person and citizen», the methods of removal of such abuse are offered and conducted it is conducted in a structure of legal mechanism of providing of freedom in the state.
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Richardson, Tracy Bryant. "Susie G. Gibson High School: A History of the Last Segregated School in Bedford County, Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26157.
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The purpose of this study was to document the history of Susie G. Gibson High School from its opening in 1954 to its closure in 1970. The researcher documented and described the establishment, operation, and closure of the school. The study includes a description of how Bedford County transitioned from a dual system of segregated education to a single school system for students of all races and how Susie G. Gibson High School was converted for use as a vocational school as it still functions today.
Historical research methods were used to collect data and describe the education of Black students who attended the Susie G. Gibson High School. The evidence for the study consists of primary and secondary sources. This evidence includes written records, archives, manuscripts, maps and documents, but also artifacts (Williams, 2007, p.11). The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with students, school employees, and community members who were involved with the school. Minutes of school board meetings and other contemporary records were utilized as well. Studies by Bonner (1939) and Harrell (1951) and histories by other authors were used as secondary sources for historical context.
Susie G. Gibson High School opened in the fall of 1954. It was a much anticipated event because it was the first new high school for Blacks in Bedford County, Virginia. Susie G. Gibson High School replaced the much smaller Bedford Training School that began as an elementary school, but which provided some secondary schooling after 1930. The opening of the school was a culmination of negotiations between the Black community and the Bedford County School Board. The school was the pride of the Black community for over a decade and a half. Susie G. Gibson High School changed to a vocational school in 1970 when the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) ordered Bedford County to fully integrate its school system.Ed. D.
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Tellhed, Erik. "DEN UNDVIKANDE LOGIKEN EN KVALITATIV FALLSTUDIE OM HUR EN ORGANISATION SAMORDNAR MODERNITETSNORMER." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26617.
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Den här uppsatsen har sin utgångspunkt i en arbetsgrupp, inom äldrevården, vilken har en förhållandevis jämn fördelning mellan antalet män och kvinnor. Hypotesen är att en organisation, med en sådan arbetsgrupp, i större utsträckning inhyser konflikter mellan arbetsplatsens jämställdhet och vårdtagarnas valfrihet att tacka ja eller nej till hjälp beroende på om den tilltänkta utföraren är man eller kvinna. Platsen har alltså valts strategiskt för att utröna om hypotesen kan bekräftas. Uppsatsen behandlar hur organisationen, formellt och informellt, samordnar dessa normer och utgår ifrån att det finns en inneboende intressekonflikt i relationen dem emellan. Det empiriska materialet har hämtats in med hjälp av samtalsintervjuer. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att tydliggöra ansvarsfördelningen för hur de olika normerna avvägs mot varandra men också att utröna vilka efterverkningar avvägningarna får i det praktiska arbetet och rekryteringen. Som titeln implicerar använde sig organisationen av en undvikande logik i avvägningen. Istället för att synliggöra konflikten tonade man ner den genom att bara ta till sig jämställdhetskonceptet på ett terminologiskt plan och på så sätt löskoppla det från de interna aktiviteterna. Genom detta pragmatiska förhållningssätt kunde arbetet fortlöpa som tidigare utan att den inbyggda intressekonflikten gjorde avkall på effektiviteten.This essay has its outset in a work team within the elderly care. The work team is relatively equally composed regarding the number of men and women. The hypothesis is that an organization, with a work team of that composition, will even more so contain conflicts between the work place' equality and the caretakers freedom of choice to accept or decline help depending on if the prospective personnel is male or female. The scene of the study has thereby been chosen strategically in order to prove the hypothesis. The essay is addressing how the organization, formally and informally, coordinates these norms and assumes that there is an immanent conflict of interest in the relation between them. The empirical data has been obtained through research interviews. The intention of the essay has been to clarify the division of responsibilities regarding how the norms should be balanced in relation to one another but also to determine which impacts the balancing will provide in the hands-on work and the recruitment of new staff. As the title implicate; did the organization use an avoidant approach in the balancing process. Rather than making the conflict visible, it was de-emphasized by absorbing the concept of equality only on a semantic level, thereby loose coupling the concept from the internal activities. Through such pragmatic disposition the activities could proceed as before without a conflict of interests intervening on the efficiency of the organization.
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Bullwinkel, Sarah Marie. ""Visibility is a Trap": Analyzing the Levels of the Foucauldian Panoptic Gaze in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter Series." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1367575512.
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David, Le Doaré Mathieu. "Améliorer le bien-être des patients diabétiques : une analyse du point de vue de la théorie de l'engagement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORIL625.
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Le diabète de type 2 est la maladie chronique la plus présente à l’île de La Réunion, dont la prise en charge ne fonctionne qu’avec une application stricte de nouvelles règles hygiéno- diététiques. Ce travail de recherche met en avant la force de la liberté décisionnelle à travers quatre expérimentations. La première expérimentation cherchait à évaluer l’effet de la liberté décisionnelle dans la décision de réaliser un dépistage. De manière inattendue, les participants en situation de choix refusaient un dépistage du diabète de type 2 plus fréquemment que dans la situation sans choix. Ce résultat pouvait s’expliquer par la présence de l’infirmier qui incarnait l’autorité soignante qui imposait l’acte au patient, sans alternative. La deuxième étude a mesuré l’effet de la liberté décisionnelle dans un contexte où les participants devaient s’engager à installer une application en échange d’un objet promotionnel à choisir. Les résultats ont mis en avant un effet de la liberté décisionnelle sur la communication du numéro de téléphone. Enfin les deux autres études se sont intéressées à l’effet de la liberté décisionnelle sur la perception de la douleur. Les individus qui choisissaient leurs aiguilles pour une ponction de sang avaient significativement moins mal que ceux qui ne choisissaient pas l’aiguille. Le choix est ainsi un moyen puissant, efficace et peu coûteux de modifier une réalité. Les individus en situation de choix renforcent leur engagement et renforcent aussi leurs convictionsType 2 diabetes is the most prevalent chronic disease on Reunion Island, and its management only works with strict application of new hygienic and dietary rules. This research work highlights the power of decisional freedom through four experiments.The first experiment sought to evaluate the effect of decisional freedom in the decision to screen. Unexpectedly, participants in the choice situation refused screening for type 2 diabetes more frequently than in the no-choice situation. This result could be explained by the presence of the nurse, who embodied the authority of the health care provider and imposed the procedure on the patient, with no alternative.The second study measured the effect of decisional freedom in a setting where participants were asked to commit to installing an application in exchange for a promotional item to choose from. The results showed an effect of decisional freedom on the communication of the telephone number. Finally, the other two studies looked at the effect of decisional freedom on pain perception. Individuals who chose their needles for a blood puncture had significantly less pain than those who did not choose the needle.Thus, choice is a powerful, effective, and inexpensive way to change a reality. Individuals in a situation of choice reinforce their commitment and also reinforce their beliefs
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Bastos, Flavio Henrique. "Efeito do grau de liberdade na escolha da resposta no processo adaptativo em aprendizagem motora." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-13042007-114058/.
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Evidências na literatura apontam que com a prática de habilidades motoras com alta demanda cognitiva é adquirida uma representação mental. No entanto, freqüentemente observa-se que indivíduos com desempenho semelhante em uma mesma habilidade possuem distinta capacidade de adaptação, ou seja, apresentam desempenhos diferentes na execução da mesma habilidade em uma outra condição. A questão central deste estudo tem origem nesse aparente paradoxo: estruturas de representação mental de mesma natureza proverem capacidade de adaptação distinta. Há evidências na literatura de que o grau de liberdade de escolha do aprendiz pode afetar o processo de aquisição de habilidades motoras, sendo que um grau ótimo dessa liberdade proporcionaria a formação de uma representação mental que favorece a capacidade de adaptação. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito do grau de liberdade na escolha da resposta no processo adaptativo em aprendizagem motora. Foram realizados três experimentos, nos quais indivíduos que adquiriram uma representação mental, em três condições distintas de liberdade de escolha, foram testados em sua capacidade de adaptação a modificações da tarefa: perceptiva (EXPERIMENTO 1), efetora (EXPERIMENTO 2) e perceptivo-efetora (EXPERIMENTO 3). Participaram do estudo 139 voluntários com média de idade de 21 anos. Foi utilizada uma tarefa complexa de timing coincidente. Os resultados permitiram concluir que um alto grau de liberdade na escolha da resposta, durante a estabilização de uma habilidade motora, prejudica o processo de adaptação a uma modificação perceptivo-efetora da tarefa, havendo indicativo de que um grau médio é benéfico. Além disso, houve indícios de que o não fornecimento de liberdade de escolha prejudica a adaptação a uma modificação efetora da tarefaEvidence on literature indicates that with the practice of a motor skill with high cognitive demand a mental representation is acquired. Nevertheless, it is frequently observed that individuals with similar performances in a skill have distinct adaptation capacity, e.g., they show different performances when executing the same skill in another condition. The main question of this study derives from this apparent paradox: mental representation structures of the same nature providing distinct adaptation capacity. There is evidence on literature that the learner?s degree of freedom of choice may affect the acquisition process of a motor skill, given that an optimal degree of that freedom would lead to the formation of a mental representation which favours the adaptation capacity. Thus, the purpouse of this study was to investigate the effect of the degree of freedom in response choice on adaptive process in motor learning. This matter was investigated in three experiments, in which individuals who acquired a mental representation in three distinct conditions of freedom in response choice were tested on their capacity to adapt to: perceptual (EXPERIMENT 1), motor (EXPERIMENT 2) and perceptual-motor (EXPERIMENT 3) task modifications. A hundred thrity-nine volunteers, with mean age of 21 years, took part in this study. A complex coincident timing task was used. The results allowed to conclude that a high degree of freedom in response choice, during the stabilization of a motor skill, impairs the adaptation process to a perceptual-motor modification of the task. Furthermore, the results suggest that a medium degree of freedom is beneficial to adapt to a perceptual-motor modification of the task and that not provinding freedom in response choice impairs the adaptation to a motor modification of the task
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Walter, Cinthya. "Estrutura de prática e liberdade de escolha na aprendizagem de habilidades motoras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-17122007-075659/.
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Recentemente os efeitos de diferentes estruturas de prática na aprendizagem de habilidades motoras têm sido investigados sob um modelo de não-equilíbrio denominado Processo Adaptativo. Há indicativos de que, primeiramente, haja necessidade da prática constante para formar a estrutura da habilidade e, posteriormente, da prática aleatória para promover a sua diversificação. Entretanto, os estudos acerca da estruturação da prática incitam indagações relacionadas ao efeito da estrutura de prática que inclui alguma liberdade de escolha do aprendiz no processo adaptativo. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes estruturas de prática com liberdade de escolha na aprendizagem de habilidades motoras. Realizou-se um experimento que consistiu de duas fases: estabilização e adaptação. Na fase de estabilização, as 120 crianças participantes foram distribuídas em seis grupos formados pela associação entre as estruturas de prática constante e constante-aleatória e diferentes tipos de liberdade de escolha - da seqüência ou de alguns componentes para formar uma seqüência. Na fase de adaptação, os aprendizes foram testados em sua capacidade de se adaptar a uma modificação perceptivo-efetora da tarefa. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a estrutura de prática constante com liberdade na escolha de alguns componentes para formar a seqüência proporcionou melhor adaptação à nova tarefaRecently the effects of practice schedules on motor skills learning have been investigated under a non-equilibrium model known as Adaptive Process. There are indicatives that, firstly, it has necessity of constant practice to form the skill?s structure and, later, of random practice to further its diversification. However, studies about practice schedules incite inquiries related with the effects of practice schedule that includes some freedom of choice of the learners in the adaptive process. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different practice schedules with freedom of choice on learning of motor skills. It was carried out one experiment that consisted of two phases: stabilization and adaptation. In the stabilization phase 120 children were assigned into six groups formed by association between constant and constant-random practice schedules and different kinds of freedom of choice (sequence or components). In the adaptation phase, the learners were submitted to perceptual-motor task modification. The results allowed to conclude that constant practice schedule with freedom in the components choice provided better adaptation to the new task
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Le, Morellec Fanny. "L’approche par les capabilités un nouveau cadre pour l’analyse de l’accessibilité universelle : application à la mobilité des personnes vieillissantes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0969/document.
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Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de proposer une nouvelle approche pour appréhender l’accessibilité afin qu’elle offre des opportunités réelles aux personnes de se déplacer et de se développer. Cette orientation de recherche s’est appuyée sur l’approche par les capabilités qui fournit un cadre théorique pertinent et original pour atteindre une accessibilité capacitante, c'est-à-dire qui permette le développement des personnes. Dans cette thèse, le cadre applicatif de l’approche théorique est la mobilité des personnes vieillissantes.Méthodes : Après une présentation de l’approche par les capabilités, un état de l’art sur l’accessibilité et la présentation du contexte applicatif de cette thèse, nous présentons trois recherches, qui utilisent une combinaison de méthodes (i.e. atelier, observations, questionnaires, projection situationnelle, technique des incidents critiques).Résultats : Les résultats de ces recherches permettent de définir l’accessibilité capacitante et de concevoir un modèle pour l’appréhender en ergonomie. Ce modèle met en évidence des déterminants de l’accessibilité capacitante tels que les ressources et les facteurs d’usage (i.e. les facteurs de conversion et les facteurs de choix). De plus, il décrit le processus qui peut amener à des activités contraintes et/ou empêchées.Conclusion : En conclusion, une présentation du modèle développé dans ce travail est proposée ainsi qu’une définition de l’accessibilité capacitante. Ensuite, les perspectives de recherches portent d’une part sur les recherches en conception visant l’accessibilité capacitante, et d’autre part, sur les effets à long terme de l’accessibilité capacitante sur les activités méta-fonctionnellesObjective: The objective of this work was to propose a new approach for the understanding of accessibility. Through this approach, accessibility is considered as a number of qualities of environments or activities providing real opportunities for development to people. This line of research was based on the capability approach which provides a unique and relevant theoretical framework to achieve enabling accessibility (i.e. accessibility which offers real development opportunities to people). In this thesis, the application context of enabling accessibility is older adults’ mobility. Methods: After a presentation of the capability approach, a state of the art on accessibility and presentation of the application context of this research, we present three studies, which use a combination of methods (i.e. workshop, observations, survey, situational projection, critical incident technique). Results: The results of this research are used to define a model of enabling accessibility and to clarify its position in ergonomics. This model highlights a number of determinants of enabling accessibility (e.g. resources conversion factors, factors of choice). This model also describes a number of process which can constraint or hamper activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, a presentation of the model develops in this work is proposed as well as a definition of enabling accessibility. The prospects for research focuses firstly on the research design for enabling accessibility, and secondly, on the long-term effects of enabling accessibility on meta-functional activities.Keywords: enabling accessibility, capability approach, freedom of choice, older people, mobility
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Humpel, Helena Susanna. "Pre-aborsieberaad : 'n maatskaplikewerk benadering / deur Helena Susanna Humpel." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/570.
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The primary aim of this investigation is to focus on the delivering of pre-abortion
counselling from a social work perspective. The importance of delivery of pre
abortion counselling with regard to the pregnant woman, who is considering the
termination of a pregnancy, is accentuated on the one hand. On the other hand, the
focus is on making social workers aware of becoming involved in abortion-related
services.
The thesis consists of five Sections:
SECTION A
This section indicates the actuality of the research, namely a study of pre-abortion
counselling according to which four research questions are formulated. The
overarching research aim and four research objectives are discussed in the section.
This research takes on the intervention research model within the combined
qualitative and quantitative research approach. The survey procedure was utilized in
two different manners to wit the single-system design and mailed questionnaires. The
data which was captured during thorough interviews was processed computer-wise as
well as by hand.
SECTION B
This section was presented in the form of four articles in which the research finding
were reported. AU four articles form part of the all-embracing research aims and
objectives and of the entire research project. However, every article is a sub-project
of the entire research project because it also acts independently - each with a
distinctive problem statement, research aim and objectives, research methods and
distinctive content. Section B consists of the following articles:
Article 1 discusses abortion as a moral dilemma in South Africa and points out that
there are still unanswered questions with regard to this acute subject that is as old as
mankind. In Article 2 the living space of the pregnant woman who requests the
termination of a pregnancy is discussed with the accent on the necessity for the
understanding of such a woman who finds herself in a crisis situation, in order to
deliver an effective social work service. The importance of pre-abortion counselling
with crisis intervention as the proper model is discussed in Article 3. And as
indicated that delivering pre-abortion counselling to the pregnant woman who
requests the termination of a pregnancy is essential for the decision-making process
but also with regard to her future. Article 4 discusses the opinion of social workers
concerning the delivery of pre-abortion counselling. 'The social worker as a pre-abortion
counsellor, and who forms part of the multi-professional team receives
priority attention here.
SECTION C
In Section C, the conclusions and recommendations with regard to this research is
explained. The limitations of this study are indicated, and recommendations are made
with a view to its utilisation in theory and in practice as well as for training and
research
SECTION D
AU addendum that are referred to in the thesis are contained in this section.
SECTION E
Although each article has its own source list, a combined source list of the entire
research project is presented in this section.Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Coimbra, Fabio. "Liberdade e democracia: fundamentos e fins do desenvolvimento na perspectiva de Amartya Sen." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1513.
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The general objective of this research is to understand the importance of freedom (freedom of choice) and democracy for the construction of the Theory of the Development (in its human perspective) in the works of the Indian philosopher and economist Amartya Sen. Taking into consideration the results that are aimed to be reached, an analytical and hermeneutics reading and the comparison of selected texts will be held as a methodological strategy through all this study. A brief presentation of the Theory of the Development as freedom will be carried out taking debates and theories that were formed around the issue in the context of the development that followed the Second World War as a starting point for reflection. The relevance of Ethics in promoting development will be investigated arguing that its relevance increases when Ethics and Economics are joined, and decreases when they separate apart. The critics of Amartya Sen to the traditional concept of development that identified it to factors such as the increase in the GNP (Gross National Product) and industrialization will be presented, as well as the perspective of freedom as a means and a goal of development. In this context, it is defended that the development thought by Sen can be understood as a process of eliminating the privations that limit the choices and the capabilities of individuals restricting their freedom to live the life they wish and value. The extension of choices will appear then as the real goal of human development. The perspective of democracy trying to understand its intrinsic importance, its protective role and its constructive importance will be discussed. In this regard, it will be argued that the practice of democracy means giving citizens the opportunity to participate in power so that they can participate in Politics. This participation enables them to be agents. Someone who according to Sen (2010, p. 34): "acts and brings about change and whose achievements can be judged according to their own goals."
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consiste em compreender a relevância da liberdade (leia-se: liberdade de escolha) e da democracia para a construção da teoria do desenvolvimento (em sua perspectiva humana) nas obras do filósofo e economista indiano Amartya Sen. Tendo em vista os resultados que a pesquisa pretende alcança, a estratégia metodológica será um trabalho de leitura analítica e hermenêutica e comparação dos textos selecionados e indicados nas referências, ao final. Far-se-á uma breve apresentação da teoria do desenvolvimento como liberdade, tomando como ponto inicial de reflexão os debates e teorias que se constituíram em torno da temática do desenvolvimento no contexto que se seguiu à Segunda Guerra Mundial. Investigar-se-á a relevância da ética na promoção do desenvolvimento. Argumentar-se-á que essa relevância aumenta na medida em que ética e economia se unem, e diminui na medida em que elas se separam. Apresentar-se-ão as críticas de Sen à concepção tradicional de desenvolvimento que identificava este com fatores como o aumento do PNB (Produto Nacional Bruto) e industrialização. Discorrer-se-á sobre a perspectiva da liberdade apresentando-a como meio e fim do desenvolvimento. A esse propósito, defender-se-á que o desenvolvimento pensado por Sen pode ser entendido como um processo de eliminação das privações que limitam as escolhas e as capacidades dos indivíduos, restringindo assim suas liberdades de viverem a vida que desejariam e que, com razão, valorizam. O alargamento das escolhas será apresentado, então, como o objetivo real do desenvolvimento humano. Discutir-se-á a perspectiva da democracia, procurando compreender a sua relevância intrínseca, seu papel protetor e sua importância construtiva. A esse respeito, argumentar-se-á que a prática da democracia significa dar aos cidadãos a oportunidade de participar do poder, para o que se torna fundamental que eles tenham tempo para participar da política. Pois, é por meio dessa participação que eles efetivam sua condição de agente: alguém que, nos dizeres de Sen (2010, p. 34): “age e ocasiona mudanças e cujas realizações podem ser julgadas de acordo com seus próprios objetivos”.
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Fernandes, Darley Alves. "A teoria kantiana do agir racional." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4883.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Our goal in this work will be to offer a perspective of understanding the problem freedom of the will and, respectively, a possible solution to the question from the Critique of pure reason. In this sense, we will seek to define the problem of freedom of the will as a problem concerning the legislation of act which lead us to ask what are the rules, causes and norms governing human act. What are the laws and causes of human action? Are the natural laws and causes, desires and inclinations, or are the laws and rational motives, practical principles? We are interested in defending the notion of free rational act presuppose, on the one hand, a practical reason that guides the action from prescription that command and impose normative authority and, on the other hand, the practical-deliberative ability of the agent to recognize and judging such prescriptions. All discussion is throughout by the concept of free choice (practical freedom). Therefore, we will investigate exhaustively the characteristics of this concept, the structure, spontaneity, relation with other faculties, and so on. Overall, the conception of free will that we will defend depends, at first, of spontaneity and self- determination capacity of free choice face the sensible inclinations. We get the concept of will (Wille) from an explanation of the reflective characteristics of free choice and faculty of desire, that is, the concept of will arises as necessary to the concept of free choice. By free will we must understanding the human ability to act through representation of laws and practical-rational principles, the ability of self-determination of the desire by means practical reason overcoming of inclinations by the possibility of acting on a pure rational motive. At the end we will see that freedom of the will defense provides us with a fruitful theory of action.
Nosso objetivo neste trabalho será o de oferecer uma perspectiva de compreensão do problema da liberdade da vontade e, respectivamente, uma solução possível para a questão a partir da Crítica da razão pura. Neste sentido, procuraremos definir o problema da liberdade da vontade como um problema a respeito da legislação do agir que nos leva a indagar quais são as regras, causas e normas que regem o agir humano. Quais são as leis e causas do agir humano? São as leis e causas naturais, desejos e inclinações, ou são leis e motivos racionais, princípios práticos? Interessa-nos defender a noção de agir racional livre que pressupõe, por um lado, uma razão prática que orienta o agir a partir de prescrições que comandam e impõem autoridade normativa e, por outro lado, a capacidade prático-deliberativa do agente de reconhecer e julgar tais prescrições. Toda a discussão terá por conceito central o arbítrio livre (liberdade prática). Portanto, investigaremos exaustivamente as características deste conceito, a estrutura, a espontaneidade, a relação com as demais faculdades e etc. No geral, a concepção de vontade livre que iremos defender depende, num primeiro momento, da espontaneidade e capacidade de autodeterminação do arbítrio frente às inclinações sensíveis. Obteremos o conceito de vontade a partir de uma explanação das características reflexivas do arbítrio e da faculdade de desejar, isto é, a vontade surgirá como algo necessário ao conceito de arbítrio livre. Por vontade livre nós devemos entender a capacidade humana de agir por meio da representação de leis e princípios prático-racionais, a capacidade de autodeterminação do querer por meio da razão prática e supressão das inclinações sensíveis mediante a possibilidade de agir por um motivo racional puro. Ao final veremos que a defesa da liberdade da vontade fornece-nos uma profícua teoria do agir racional.
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Edvinsson, Gunilla, and Fanny Östlund. "Hur påverkar konkurrensutsättning kommunens ekonomi- och verksamhetsstyrning? : en studie av hur tillämpning av valfrihetssystem påverkar effektivitet inom kommunal hemtjänst." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8586.
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Med en ökad äldre befolkning förväntas åldersstrukturen i det svenska samhället förändras. Som en följd därav ökar behovet av service, vård och omsorg varpå kommuner ställs inför utmaningen att tillhandahålla de äldres behov utifrån ett bättre resursutnyttjande. Till det kommer att den nya lagen om valfrihetssystem (LOV) möjliggör och förtydligar konkurrensutsättning av hemtjänst. Kan konkurrens enligt LOV leda till ett ökat resursutnyttjande och ökad effektivitet i den kommunala hemtjänstverksamheten? Syftet med denna uppsats är således att förklara hur konkurrensutsättning av hemtjänstverksamhet enligt valfrihetssystem påverkar kommuners effektivitet. Vi vill även förklara hur ekonomi- och verksamhetsstyrning i kommunen påverkar effektivitet vid ett införande av valfrihetssystem.I fråga om metod har vi utgått från en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi, en deduktiv forskningsansats, ett förklarande syfte och ett kvantitativt metodval. Då valfrihetssystem är ett relativt outforskat område har vår utformning av hypoteser utgått från tidigare forskning om konkurrensförhållanden inom primärvård. Grundstommen för vår uppsats är två teoretiska modeller som vi väljer att utgå ifrån för att påvisa olika samband. Den konstruktion av hypoteser vi valt att göra har vi därmed baserat på den befintliga forskning som finns om effekterna av att konkurrensutsätta verksamhet inom offentlig sektor.Vår empiriska undersökning bygger på en enkätstudie där vi gjort en totalundersökning på de 82 kommuner som har valfrihetssystem i drift. Slutsats därav blir således att konkurrensutsättning av hemtjänstverksamhet enligt LOV leder till ökad effektivitet. På samma sätt drar vi slutsatsen att en prestationsbaserad ersättning leder till att effektiviteten ökar. Likaså drar vi slutsatsen att en förtydligad och framgångsrik styrning leder till ökad effektivitet vid ett införande av valfrihetssystem.With a growing elderly population the age structure of the Swedish society is expected to change. Consequently, the need for service and elderly care has increased and municipalities are faced with the challenge with providing for the needs of elderly people based on better utilization of resources. The new law about freedom of choice system (LOV) allows for competition in the home help sector. Can competition according to LOV lead to an increased utilization of resources and greater efficiency in the municipal home care business? The aim of this paper is, therefore, to explain how the competition in the home care sector, according to freedom of choice, affects municipal efficiency. We also aim to explain how management control in the municipality affects the efficiency of the introduction of the choice system.This study has a positivist research philosophy, a deductive research approach, an explanatory purpose and a quantitative method. Although the freedom of choice system is a relatively unexplored area, the hypotheses are based on previous research on competitive conditions in primary care. The foundation of the study is two theoretical models used to demonstrate different contexts. Therefore, the construction of the hypotheses was based on the existing research on the effects of exposure the business in public sector to competition.The empirical study is based on a comprehensive survey made on the 82 municipalities with freedom of choice system running. The conclusion is that competition of home care activities according to LOV leads to increased efficiency. In the same way performance-based compensation leads to increased efficiency. In addition a clearer and more successful management control leads to increased efficiency when introducing the freedom of choice system.
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Araujo, Ulysses Okada de. "Liberdade na escolha da resposta e momento da estabilização em aprendizagem motora." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-15062009-152020/.
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O estudo teve como objetivo investigar, a partir de uma perspectiva de processo adaptativo em aprendizagem motora, o efeito da liberdade na escolha da resposta em diferentes momentos do processo de estabilização. A possibilidade de escolher a ordem dos componentes que compõem uma seqüência de movimentos (liberdade na escolha da resposta) tem se mostrado benéfica à aquisição de habilidades motoras. Contudo, o efeito da liberdade na escolha da resposta pode ser mediado pelo processo de estabilização funcional. Para investigar esta hipótese, 135 voluntários com média de idade de 22 (± 4,1) anos, de ambos os sexos, foram alocados a nove grupos experimentais, derivados da combinação de três condições experimentais (SEM, MED e ALT) e dois momentos da estabilização (antes e após a estabilização inicial do desempenho). A liberdade na escolha da resposta foi operacionalizada neste estudo como a possibilidade de escolher a ordem de uma seqüência de toques em sensores, em uma tarefa complexa de timing coincidente. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito da condição experimental do início da prática no desempenho na fase de adaptação, porém condições intermediárias de liberdade de escolha no final da prática não apresentaram queda na consistência frente à modificação da tarefa. Nesse sentido, a liberdade na escolha da resposta não trouxe prejuízos à adaptaçãoThe objective of the study was to investigate, from an adaptive process perspective on motor learning, the effect of freedom in response choice in different moments of the stabilization process. The possibility of choosing the order of the components which generate a movement sequence (freedom in response choice) has been shown as beneficial to motor skills acquisition. However, the effect of freedom in response choice could be mediated by the process of functional stabilization. To investigate the hypothesis, a hundred thirty-five volunteers with mean age of 22 (± 4,1) years were assigned to nine experimental groups, derived from the combination of three experimental conditions (SEM, MED and ALT) and two moments of stabilization (before and after initial performance stabilization). Freedom in response choice was manipulated in this study as the possibility of choosing the order of tapping a sequence of sensors, in a complex anticipation timing task. Results showed there was no effect of experimental condition in the beginning of practice in performance in adaptation phase, although intermediate conditions of freddom of choice didnt show decrease in consistency following task modification. In this sense, freedom in response choice wasnt detrimental to adaptation
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Millares, Matilde. "Att välja välfärd : Politiska berättelser om valfrihet." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-112779.
Full textAbstract:
Welfare, and the role of social democracy in defining its content and meaning, is often described as one of Sweden’s distinguishing features. However, in the quest for liberalization and marketization, reforms in past decades have substantially changed the political landscape. These developments have led many to question the viability of describing the main political actors and their attitudes towards the welfare state in terms of left or right. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of ideological convergence and past and current political cleavages by analysing the welfare debate on freedom of choice between the two main political opponents in Swedish politics over three decades. Using a morphological approach, where ideologies are viewed as distinctive configurations of political concepts creating specific conceptual patterns depending on how they are combined, the analysis focuses on the content of the concept of choice by examining the conceptual relationships between political concepts such as choice, the public and the private, equality, equity and need. The analysis reveals a convergence suggesting that the parties have united around a narrower concept of freedom of choice that relates to how it is implemented in welfare services, that is, the choice between different providers of welfare services. However, important differences remain, which are expressed in the parties’ differing conceptions of the power resources citizens need to become truly free individuals. These findings suggest that, while freedom of choice has become a central concept in the political debate, it is not central to the parties’ ideologies. Instead, the core of the parties’ ideologies appears to be articulated in e.g. the political cleavages that remain, which can be described as differing views on the role of politics and competing conceptions of need and equality. It is how these cleavages are translated into policies that will determine possible welfare choices in the future.
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Sund, Kasper, and Emil Johansson. "Schemalagt eget arbetes inverkan på studiemotivation i skolan : Hur elevers motivation påverkas av att de själva får bestämma vad de ska arbeta med på skoltid." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232037.
Full textAbstract:
denna studie undersöks hur elever påverkas av att arbeta under friare former, med avseende på studiemotivation. Studien är gjord på en gymnasieskola i Stockholm med schemalagt eget arbete där eleverna själv får välja vad de vill arbeta med. En kvalitativ undersökning gjordes med hjälp av fokusgrupper för att utröna elevers, lärares och rektorers uppfattningar om studiemotivationen för eleverna under dessa lektionstillfällen. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i Ryan & Decis’ självbestämmandeteori (SDT) och teorier om ansvar och kontroll. Resultatet visar att valfriheten gör att en del av eleverna upplever dessa lektionstillfällen som fördelaktiga för sin studiemotivation. De andra eleverna upplever att valfriheten påverkar dem negativt då de inte kan ta det ansvar som krävs för skolgången. Gemensamt för alla eleverna är att trots det egna valet genereras inte den inre motivationen, som enligt SDT skall bildas då eleverna får vara autonoma i sin planering och arbetsfördelning. Vidare tyder resultaten på att merparten av eleverna inte ännu är rustade för att agera inom en normativ styrfilosofi trots skolans vision om detta.The aim of the study is to examine how pupils are affected by working under free forms, with respect to student motivation. The study took place in a high school in Stockholm with free study time scheduled, where the pupils are able to choose to work with whatever they find suitable. A qualitative study was carried out with focus groups to explore the opinions of students, teachers and principals regarding the student motivation during these classes. The theoretical framework of this study draws on Ryan & Decis’ Self Determination theory (SDT) and other theories concerning responsibility and control. The results show that a large amount of freedom makes some of the pupils regard these classes as an advantage for their motivation. Some other pupils perceived that freedom of choice affects them negatively as they cannot take responsibility for their schooling. Common for all pupils is that despite their own choice, the intrinsic motivation is not generated. Furthermore, the results indicate that the majority of the pupils are not prepared to act within a normative governance philosophy despite the school's vision regarding this.