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Academic literature on the topic 'Freedom of association – Italy'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Freedom of association – Italy"

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Denu, Mawulorm K. I., Alberto Montrond, Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Marco Bonetti, Veronica Toffolutti, Marcia A. Testa, and Elena Savoia. "Freedom of Choice to Vaccinate and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Italy." Vaccines 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111973.

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Despite the availability of effective vaccines that lower mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19, many countries including Italy have adopted strict vaccination policies and mandates to increase the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Such mandates have sparked debates on the freedom to choose whether or not to get vaccinated. In this study, we examined the people’s belief in vaccine choice as a predictor of willingness to get vaccinated among a sample of unvaccinated individuals in Italy. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Italy in May 2021. The survey collected data on respondents’ demographics and region of residence, socioeconomic factors, belief in the freedom to choose to be vaccinated or not, risk perception of contracting and transmitting the disease, previous vaccine refusal, opinion on adequacy of government measures to address the pandemic, experience in requesting and being denied government aid during the pandemic, and intent to accept COVID-19 vaccination. The analysis employed binary logistic regression models using a hierarchical model building approach to assess the association between intent to accept vaccination and belief in the freedom to choose to vaccinate, while adjusting for other variables of interest. 984 unvaccinated individuals were included in the study. Respondents who agreed that people should be free to decide whether or not to vaccinate with no restrictions on their personal life had 85% lower odds of vaccine acceptance (OR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09,0.23) after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors and their risk perception of contracting and transmitting COVID-19. Belief in the freedom to choose whether or not to accept vaccinations was a major predictor of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among a sample of unvaccinated individuals in Italy in May 2021. This understanding of how individuals prioritize personal freedoms and the perceived benefits and risks of vaccines, when making health care decisions can inform the development of public health outreach, educational programs, and messaging.
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Mariti, Chiara, Federica Pirrone, Mariangela Albertini, Angelo Gazzano, and Silvana Diverio. "Familiarity and Interest in Working with Livestock Decreases the Odds of Having Positive Attitudes towards Non-Human Animals and Their Welfare among Veterinary Students in Italy." Animals 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8090150.

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We investigated the attitudes of veterinary students towards animals and their welfare in Italy. Regression analyses revealed predictors that are significant in differentiating students’ scoring tendency based on their gender, familiarity, and intention to work with a specific animal species, type of diet, and membership in an animal rights association. Female students, who were mostly familiar with pets and aspired to work with species other than livestock, following an animal-free diet and being a member of an animal rights association, had a significantly greater odds of having a high Animal Attitude Scale score (AAS), i.e., very positive attitude towards animals, versus a less positive attitude. Conversely, the familiarity with livestock and preference for working with livestock significantly increased the odds of a low AAS. Overall, students considered all of the Brambell Report’s Five Freedoms important for animal welfare protection. However, students scored higher for companion animals than for livestock, particularly regarding the freedom to express normal behaviour and the absence of fear and distress. This study suggests that veterinary students place less importance on the psychological aspects of welfare for livestock, and there is a tendency for students who are mostly familiar, or aspire to work, with livestock to have a less positive attitude towards non-human animals and their welfare. These findings should be considered within the veterinary educational curriculum due to their potential impact on animal welfare.
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Rak, Joanna. "Neo-militant Democracy and (Un)fulfilled Destination of Consolidated Democracies? The Inner Six in Comparative Perspective." Historia i Polityka, no. 40 (47) (August 14, 2022): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/hip.2022.010.

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Drawing upon the methods of qualitative source analysis and process tracing, the study addresses the following research questions: How was the national legislation of consolidated democracies positioned to neo-militant democracy measures during the recovery from the great financial crisis (2007–2009)? To what extent was democracy prone to authoritarian abuse depending on a neo-militant democracy rule implementation? It advances arguments to reject Carlo Invernizzi Accetti’s and Ian Zuckerman’s hypothesis that if the freedom of political actors is restricted through militant democracy measures, democracy becomes more prone to authoritarian abuse in the long run. In the founding states of the EU, neo-militant democracy measures functioned in the legal structures long before the outbreak of the great financial crisis, during the crisis (2007–2009), and in the period of recovery. The states restricted democratic freedoms of speech, the press, association, and assembly. Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany also limited organization in political parties. Moreover, during the recovery from the crisis, that is, a period of particular vulnerability of democracy to authoritarian abuse, the lists of relevant precautions were extended in France, Italy, and Germany. In these states, strengthening neo-militant democracy measures was neither a factor undermining democracy nor making it prone to drift towards a hybrid or authoritarian regime.
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Ferrandino, Vittoria, and Valentina Sgro. "Associazionismo industriale e corporativismo: l’American Chamber of Commerce in Italy nell’epoca fascista = Industrial association and corporatism: The American chamber of commerce in Italy during the fascism age." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 19 (February 2, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i19.3584.

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<p>Il contributo in oggetto si propone di approfondire i rapporti tra le corporazioni e i gruppi industriali italiani da un’ottica particolare, quella dell’associazionismo che si concretizza con l’American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, instituita nel 1915 per agevolare le relazioni commerciali tra Italia e Stati Uniti. La grave crisi economica del 1930 e del 1931 e, poco dopo, le gravissime restrizioni portate agli scambi con l’estero dal programma autarchico del Governo fascista, influirono notevolmente sullo sviluppo della Camera. L’autorità dell’istituzione venne a diminuire, i rapporti con gli Stati Uniti si fecero più rari e il numero dei soci diminuì notevolmente.<strong> </strong>Alle corporazioni furono affidate le autorizzazioni sui nuovi impianti, la costituzione delle compagnie per la valorizzazione dell’Africa orientale italiana, il controllo sulle iniziative economiche nelle colonie, la collaborazione col fisco nella determinazione e nell’applicazione dei tributi ed infine il controllo sul commercio estero e sulle valute. Di conseguenza, la funzione che lo Stato avrebbe dovuto esercitare servendosi delle corporazioni finì col ricadere nelle mani dei grandi industriali, che le dominavano attraverso i loro rappresentanti. Da un lato, quindi, vi erano le corporazioni, che garantivano piena libertà ai gruppi industriali, avallandone le scelte; dall’altro lato, invece, vi erano le autorità governative che riconoscevano i limiti di competenza e d’intervento di quelle istituzioni e la necessità di una migliore definizione degli obiettivi.</p><p>This contribution aims to examine the relationship between corporations and the Italian industrial groups from a particular perspective, which is that of associations through the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, established in 1915 to facilitate the commercial relations between Italy and the United States. The economic crisis of 1930 and 1931 and, shortly after, the very serious restrictions on foreign trade of the Fascist government program influenced significantly on the Chamber’s development. The authority of the institution was to decline, the relations with the United States became more and more rare and the number of members decreased considerably. Corporations obtained the authorizations on new systems, the establishment of companies for the development of the Italian East Africa, the control on economic initiatives in the colonies, the cooperation with the tax authorities in the determination and application of taxes, and finally control over foreign trade and currencies. So the function that the State should have exercised using the corporations ended up falling into the hands of big businessmen, who ruled through their representatives. Therefore, Corporations guaranteed full freedom to industry groups supporting them, and government authorities recognized the competence and intervention limits of those institutions and the need for a better definition of the objectives.</p>
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Donini, Annamaria, Michele Forlivesi, Anna Rota, and Patrizia Tullini. "Towards collective protections for crowdworkers." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258916688863.

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The ‘sharing economy’ and the collaborative economy are shaping new forms of employment in which digital platforms enable multilateral work relationships. This article discusses some initiatives aimed at the collective protection of crowdworkers. The first section investigates whether it is possible to extend EU labour protection – in particular, collective rights – to independent digital contractors. The second section looks at whether the national level may offer more effective measures for economically dependent digital workers or for distance workers, by comparing three selected countries: Italy, France and Spain. The article then explores the possibility of extending to crowdworkers the protections offered by collective bargaining and addresses how trade unions could have a role in implementing guarantees for crowdworkers. Comparative analysis is used to show how different constitutional systems recognise freedom of association, especially in relation to ‘subordinated’ workers. A strategy of viewing collective rights as human rights could be applied in order to reduce the contractual weakness of self-employed workers on digital platforms – and might even form the basis of a bill of rights.
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Lowe, Kate. "Visible Lives: Black Gondoliers and Other Black Africans in Renaissance Venice*." Renaissance Quarterly 66, no. 2 (2013): 412–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671583.

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This article contributes to the study of the early sub-Saharan African diaspora in Europe by analyzing both visual and documentary evidence relating to black gondoliers in Renaissance Venice. Gondolas and gondoliers were iconic features in fifteenth-century Venice, yet most gondoliers were not Venetian. Although black Africans were highly visible in a predominantly white society, naming practices and linguistic usages rendered them virtually invisible in the documentary sources. It is now possible not only to investigate representations of black gondoliers in paintings, but also to identify black gondoliers in the lists of gondoliers’ associations and in criminal records. Slavery was an accepted institution in late medieval Italy, and nearly all black Africans arrived in Venice as slaves, yet usually ended their lives free. Being a gondolier gave a few black Africans a niche occupation that allowed them to manage their transition to freedom, and to integrate successfully into Venetian society.
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V. V., Novitskyi. "Political and legal mechanisms for the protection of human rights through the lens of the European Union countries." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-32.

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The author of the article, first of all, draws attention to the current problems of protection and protection of human rights, which unfortunately are traced within the territorial jurisdiction of the European Union. Such problem is quite well demonstrated by Berbel Koffler, as the Commissioner of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on human rights and humanitarian aid policy. Indeed, the Ombudsman of Germany has raised a number of deep dilemmas: violence against human rights defenders on the grounds of their professional activity, the relation of human rights institutions with public security and economic development. In fact, these questions, in varying percentages, are equally relevant to many countries in the world. In the outlined context, the case of the European Court of Human Rights “Gabriel Weber and Caesar Richard Saravia v. Germany” of 29.06.06 was analyzed. Actually, this case covers directly the issues of human rights and national security of Germany. Grounds for initiating this case have arisen in connection with the legislative provisions of the Law of Germany on the Restriction of the Secret of Correspondence, Mail and Telecommunications of 13.08.68., ("Law G-10"), taking into account changes made under the Anti-Crime Act of 28.10.94, which extend the powers of the Federal Intelligence Service, within the so-called strategic monitoring. It is about collecting information by listening to telephone conversations in order to identify and prevent serious threats to the Federal Republic of Germany, such as: armed attacks on its territory, international terrorist attacks, other serious crimes. According to the applicants who worked as journalists, strategic monitoring can be used against individuals to prevent effective journalistic investigations. In view of these suspicions, the applicants argued that they had violated the human rights guaranteed by the Convention, such as the right to privacy and correspondence, the violation of press freedom, and the right to an effective remedy. The ECHR Judges, having examined the circumstances of the case, concluded that there were no grounds to satisfy the complaints on the basis of the following arguments: 2) German legislation, as part of strategic monitoring, is endowed with adequate and effective safeguards against abuse by authorized entities. In addition, the article analyzes the multi-vector issue of banning citizens of some European Union countries from wearing hats that completely or partially hide their faces. The fact is that, under such restrictions, in particular, the traditional clothing of women adherents of Islam has fallen. It is a “burqa” and a “niqab”. The presented study is mainly based on the legislative practice of France, Belgium, which provides for administrative as well as criminal penalties for non-compliance with the stated prohibition. In such cases as S.А.С. France, Belkacemi and Oussar v. Belgium, Dakir v. Belgium, the applicants, alleged that they had violated the human rights guaranteed by the Convention, including: the right to respect for their private life; the right to freedom of expression of one's religion or belief; the right to freedom of expression; the right to freedom of association; humiliating treatment and discrimination against the enjoyment of the abovementioned human rights. According to most ECHR judges, who have dealt with the said cases, the disputed prohibition is not necessary in a "democratic society for public safety" but its main task is to preserve the conditions of "cohabitation" as an element of "protection of the rights and freedoms of others." In the context of this debate, attention was paid indirectly to such EU Member States as: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Switzerland. Keywords: human rights, legal guarantees, security, privacy.
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Martinico, Giuseppe, Richard Albert, Antonia Baraggia, and Cristina Fasone. "An Opportunity for Reflection – A Special Issue on “The Constitution of Canada: History, Evolution, Influence and Reform”." Perspectives on Federalism 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): Ed—I—Ed—VII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2017-0027.

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Abstract Canada is and will for the foreseeable future be a peaceful and prosperous liberal democracy whose Constitution Act, 1867, now 150 years old as of 2017, has become a model for the modern world. The Constitution of Canada has exerted considerable influence on other countries, particularly since the coming into force of its Constitution Act, 1982, which included the celebrated Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Just as Canada drew from foreign and international experiences in drafting its Charter, the world has learned a great deal from Canada, not only as to rights protections but also as to the separation of powers, the judicial function, and the structure of government. In light of these impressive achievements, an international symposium on the Canadian Constitution was held in Pisa at the Scuola Sant’Anna under the auspices of the Sant’Anna Legal Studies project and with the support of the DIRPOLIS (Law, Politics and Development) Institute at the Scuola Sant’Anna, the Canadian Embassy in Italy, and the International Association of Constitutional Law. This special issue collects some of the papers presented on that occasion.
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Fleszer, Dorota. "Freedom of association." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 2, no. XIX (December 31, 2019): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0425.

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Everyone is guaranteed freedom of association. Its characteristic feature is that it is the source of a number of subjective rights. These include, in particular, the freedom to join existing associations, the freedom of unhampered association, the freedom of organization and the activities of associations. The essence of freedom of association is therefore the right to self-organize citizens, which is a possibility for the functioning of civil society.
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FITZPATRICK, BARRY, and BILL REES. "FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION." Industrial Law Journal 16, no. 1 (1987): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilj/16.1.201.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freedom of association – Italy"

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Santuari, Alceste. "Freedom of association and limited liability versus state interference : business associations in England, France and Italy during the period 1800-1920; historical evolution and comparative outlines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308354.

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Gatti, Luca. "The art of freedom : meaning, civic identity and devotion in Early Renaissance Florence." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283367.

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Thirkell, Adrian Marcus. "Freedom and Association in the Poetry of Robert Frost." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625678.

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Dlamini, Dumsani. "The right to freedom of association in Swaziland : a critique." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8007.

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This study argues that the right to form political parties remains elusive in Swaziland in spite of the country’s claim that it is democratic. Discusses the following issues: (1) Whether political pluralism is the only means of actualising the right to freedom of association, and (2) whether the limitation imposed on the right to freedom of association by section 79 of the Constitution of Swaziland is justifiable
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Henry Ojambo, Faculty of Law, Makarere University, Uganda
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Meade, Emma, and Stina Ahnlid. "Social Sustainability in South Africa's Wine Industry : A Study of Freedom of Association." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189572.

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Even today freedom of association in the South African wine industry is a sensitive topic. The wine farm owners often claim their workers can associate freely but the workers could paint a different picture. This study investigates how the right to freedom of association can be provided in the South African wine industry through looking at the barriers to freedom of association, how stakeholders could align and how globalisation has affected the sector. The study explores the opinions of the key stakeholders involved in this complex and dynamic industry by conducting semi-structured interviews focusing on freedom of association rights. The thesis illustrates how the specific barriers to union formation are the intimidation factor, the nature of the topic as it is a psychological and subjective choice, the fact that farms are private property, a bad perception of trade unions, and the difficulty in auditing. The barriers could be diminished through stakeholder alignment, which would be emphasized through relationship building and a clearer definition of the industry players’ roles. Last, the thesis argues that too many codes of conduct could negatively affect the industry’s development with regards to ethical trade and that the domestic market could take more responsibility and push the market in a more ethical direction. The thesis gives important insights to international retailers that focus on ethical trade and might be useful for future policy improvements in South Africa.
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SOLEYMANPOOR, HOSSEIN. "Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis and association with intestinal parasites among patients in Negrar hospital, Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/257076.

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Epidemiologia molecolare della blastocisti e associazione con parassiti intestinali tra i pazienti dell'ospedale di Negrar, Italia La Blastocisti è un protozoo intestinale comune, ma il suo significato clinico e il suo ruolo nel microbioma intestinale umano non sono ancora completamente compresi . Le manifestazioni cliniche tra i soggetti sintomatici sono principalmente sintomi gastrointestinali (GI) o cutanei, ma sono stati descritti anche diversi casi asintomatici . Lo scopo del presente studio era di caratterizzare la presenza di Blastocisti in campioni fecali da pazienti che frequentano il nostro centro per malattie tropicali, al fine di esplorare la prevalenza e la diversità delle infezioni da Blastocisti nella nostra popolazione di studio. Abbiamo caratterizzato la presenza dei 4 sottotipi più comuni nella coorte selezionata, composta da soggetti con diverse origini geografiche (principalmente italiani e africani). E 'stata anche eseguita un'analisi delle coinfezioni con altri parassiti e sono stati riportati i sintomi trovati in diversi sottotipi o combinazioni di coinfezioni. La Blastocisti è risultata essere il parassita più diffuso nella nostra popolazione e abbiamo scoperto che il 48,1% dei soggetti positivi a Blastocisti presentava sintomi GI. ST3 era il sottotipo più diffuso negli italiani, mentre in Africani ST1 e ST3 erano stati trovati con la stessa frequenza. È interessante notare che, in tutte le aree geografiche analizzate, il gruppo più prevalente era composto da soggetti infettati da più di un Blastocisti ST. Non è stata rilevata alcuna associazione tra un sottotipo particolare o una combinazione ST con sintomi. Abbiamo osservato la presenza di parassiti co-infettanti nel 48,5% dei nostri casi. È stata evidenziata un'associazione tra nazionalità e sintomi gastrointestinali (P = 0,031). Il nostro studio conferma che la sintomatologia dell'infezione da Blastocisti non può essere completamente spiegata né dalla diversa presenza di sottotipi né da altre parassiti parassitarie, supportando quindi l'ipotesi che la condizione ospite sia l'aspetto chiave che può influenzare la patogenicità della colonizzazione di Blastocisti spp. Studi futuri sull'associazione tra l'infezione da blastocisti e il microbiota intestinale dei pazienti e / o condizioni immunologiche potrebbero chiarire la causa della penetranza patogena variabile osservata di questo parassita.
Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis and association with intestinal parasites among patients in Negrar hospital, Italy Blastocystis is a common intestinal protozoan, but its clinical significance and its role in the human gut microbiome is still not completely understood. Clinical manifestations among symptomatic subjects are mainly gastrointestinal (GI) or cutaneous symptoms, but also several asymptomatic cases have been described. The aim of the present study was to characterize the presence of Blastocystis in fecal specimens from patients attending to our center for tropical diseases, in order to explore the prevalence and the diversity of Blastocystis infections in our study population. We characterized the presence of the 4 most common subtypes in the selected cohort, composed by subjects with different geographical origins (mainly Italians and Africans). Analysis of co-infections with other parasites has been also performed and description of symptoms found in different subtypes or co-infections combinations has been reported. Blastocystis resulted to be the most prevalent parasite in our population and we found that 48.1 % of Blastocystis positive subjects presented GI symptoms. ST3 was the most prevalent subtype in Italians, while in Africans ST1 and ST3 were found with the same frequency. Interestingly, in all the analyzed geographical areas, the most prevalent group was composed by subjects infected by more than one Blastocystis ST. No association between a particular subtype or STs-combination with symptoms has been detected. We observed the presence of co-infecting parasites in the 48.5 % of our cases. An association between Nationality and GI symptoms has been highlighted (P=0.031). Our study confirms that Blastocystis infection symptomatology cannot be completely explained neither by the different subtypes presence nor by other parasite co-infections, thus supporting the hypothesis that the host condition is the key aspect that can influence the pathogenicity of Blastocystis spp colonization. Future studies on the association between Blastocystis infection and patients’ gut microbiota and/or immunological conditions, could elucidate the cause of the observed variable pathogenic penetrance of this parasite.
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Hudson, Stephanie Lee. "Freedom of association in Canada : the dilemma for trade unions in a liberal society." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28239.

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Trade unions in a liberal society are caught on the horns of a dilemma over freedom of association. In respect to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, unions are faced with relying on the positive freedom to associate as a defence for union security clauses, and, at the same time, denying freedom from association claims of those who do not wish to participate in union membership and/or union activities. The aim of this thesis is to explore that dilemma, and to assess some of the possible strategies union leaders could employ to come to terms with it. The dilemma that trade unions face consists of several elements. The source of the dilemma is found in the conflict over negative and positive liberty and the nature of freedom, and more specifically over competing visions of freedom of association in the trade union context. This conflict has found its way into the courts; in particular, the Lavigne case, which challenges political expenditures by unions (in certain circumstances), has generated much controversy and resulted in two opposing judicial decisions. However, the courts are not the only arena in which an attempt is being made to balance the competing claims of liberty; the political realm offers another avenue through which trade unions could attempt to influence labour legislation. However, unlike other intervenors such as women's or aboriginal groups, the trade union movement was largely absent from pre-Charter Joint Committee hearings. In hindsight it is quite clear that labour's non-participation represented a missed opportunity to influence the wording of freedom of association in a way that would make challenges from a negative liberty standpoint more difficult. In addition, the post-Charter prospects of lobbying government to implement legislation which would prevent negative liberty claims from succeeding (possibly through the "notwithstanding" clause in the Charter) appear quite dismal. Thus, a trade union strategy which would look for a political avenue out of its dilemma was not implemented pre-Charter and looks doubtful post-Charter. Nonetheless, in terms of the individual and his freedom (of association) in a liberal society, a fair balance between negative and positive liberty claims should be struck; one which allows limited coerion of the individual in the form of union security (the agency shop), but also restricts trade unions in the form of limits on political expenditures. This balance may, however, seriously threaten the political role of the trade union community. But, while individuals retain their right to exercise negative liberty claims, whether or not they exercise them depends upon their moral beliefs. And an individual convinced of the importance of the trade union community and the threat to that community posed by negative liberty claims, will be much less likely to exercise his right to invoke freedom from association. Unions might be able to meet this difficulty, however, by working towards a consensus about the importance of the trade union community and, more particularly, its political objectives. Such a strategy may be the most suitable alternative that trade unions can adopt in a liberal society.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Van, der Merwe Johannes Jacobus. "Conscientious objectors, closed shop agreements and freedom of association / by J.J. van der Merwe." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1131.

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Section 26 of the Labour Relations Act 95 of 1996 makes provision for the introduction of closed shop agreements at the workplace between majority unions and employers. All employees covered by such agreements are required to be members of such unions or otherwise face the possibility of dismissal. "Conscientious objector" employees are an exception to this rule. The purpose of this submission is to investigate the constitutional validity of s26 in the light of the fundamental right to freedom of association in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1 996 whilst investigating the position of "conscientious objectors" in certain foreign jurisdictions.
Thesis (LL.M. (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Seay, Sean V. "Association Between Adaptive Sports Programs and Quality of Life Among Amputee Veterans." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4755.

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Adaptive sports programs (ASPs) are important for enhancing the physical, psychological, and social aspects of life for amputee combat veterans while reducing the risk of depression and anger. Although the role of ASPs in improving quality of life (QoL) has been researched in relation to amputee combat veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, there has been limited examination of the role of ASPs in improving QoL among veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation Noble Eagle (OND). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ASPs on the QoL of amputee veterans of OEF, OIF, and OND using logistic regression as well as 3 surveys assessing QoL and life satisfaction in combat veterans who suffered traumatic amputations between 2003 and 2013. The dependent and independent variables included psychosocial and behavioral factors for those amputees who participated in an ASP versus those amputees who did not. There was a statistically significant association (ï?£2(4) = 13.44, p < 0.003) between gender and perception of overall health. Likewise, there was a statistically significant association (ï?£2(2) = 15.63, p < 0.000) between enjoying life and having a meaningful life and participation in an ASP. The findings indicate that participation in ASPs may help improve QoL and overall health for amputee veterans. Public health programs and policies aimed at improving the overall health and wellbeing of amputee veterans should consider ASPs as essential therapeutic interventions for promoting health in amputee veteran populations.
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Emudainohwo, Emuobo Theresa. "An appraisal of the implementation of freedom of association as a labour right : Nigerian perspective." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7442/.

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Books on the topic "Freedom of association – Italy"

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Amy, Gutmann, ed. Freedom of association. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1998.

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Freedom of Association. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

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Europe, Council of, Council of Europe Secretariat, and Iceland Dómsmálaráðuneyti, eds. Freedom of association: Proceedings : seminar. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press, 1994.

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Merino, Noël. Freedom of assembly and association. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012.

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Diane, Granfield, and Ontario Library Association. Intellectual Freedom Handbook Committee., eds. Ontario Library Association Intellectual freedom handbook. Toronto: Ontario Library Association, 1990.

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Cantwell, Lois. Freedom. New York: F. Watts, 1985.

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Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, ed. La perception de la liberté associative: En République démocratique du Congo. Kinshasa: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2007.

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Road to freedom. Toronto, Ont: Polish Combatants' Association in Canada, 1997.

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I͡E︡vhen, Zakharov, and Kharkivsʹka pravozakhysna hrupa, eds. Freedom of peaceful assemblies and freedom of associations in Ukraine. Kharkiv: "Folio", 2002.

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Office, International Labour, ed. Freedom of association: A workers' education manual. 2nd ed. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Freedom of association – Italy"

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Brownlee, Kimberley. "Freedom of Association." In A Companion to Applied Philosophy, 356–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118869109.ch25.

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De Vita, Carol J., Anael Labigne, Regina List, Thorsten Hasche, Evelyne Schmid, Anja Erbel, Dennis R. Young, et al. "Freedom of Association." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 731–35. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_52.

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Charvet, John. "Freedom of association and movement." In Liberalism, 33–40. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: The Basics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351111034-4.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "Freedom of Association and Assembly." In Constitutional & Administrative Law, 518–35. Twelfth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315458373-26.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "Freedom of Association and Assembly." In Constitutional & Administrative Law, 495–512. 13th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322686-21.

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Pedrotti, Franco. "The Caricetum distichae Association in Italy." In Vegetation Structure and Function at Multiple Spatial, Temporal and Conceptual Scales, 357–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21452-8_14.

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Wehner, Burkhard. "Freedom of Political Association: The Basic Concept." In Freedom, Peace, and Secession, 41–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39523-0_5.

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Charles, Barrow, and Lyon Ann. "Freedom of association and collective bargaining." In Modern Employment Law, 381–431. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315713861-19.

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Wehner, Burkhard. "Extended Freedom of Political Association: The Neocratic “Divisional Democracy”." In Freedom, Peace, and Secession, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39523-0_6.

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Di Filippo, M., T. Ruspandini, and B. Toro. "Gravity Variations in Microgravity Networks in Central Italy." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 56–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79721-7_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Freedom of association – Italy"

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Ivanov, Sergei, Tatiana Zudilova, Irina Osetrova, Igor Anantchenko, and Andrei Mikalauskas. "Automated Robotic System with Five Degrees of Freedom." In 2019 25th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fruct48121.2019.8981529.

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Saiz-Rodríguez, Miriam, Cecilia Gil-Polo, Mónica Diez-Fairen, Saul-Indra Martinez-Horta, Frederic Sampedro Santalo, Carla Collazo, Sara Calvo, et al. "F42 Polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor and their association with apathy and impaired social cognition in Huntington’s disease." In EHDN 2022 Plenary Meeting, Bologna, Italy, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-ehdn.133.

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Lazaro Puebla, Angel T. "Renaissance: the color between the ideals of beauty and reasons of freedom." In 9th Congress of the International Color Association, edited by Robert Chung and Allan Rodrigues. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.464536.

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Wicker, Stephen B. "eBook Readers, Location Surveillance and the Threat to Freedom of Association." In ARES '19: 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340501.

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"The Relative Importance Sector and Regional Factors on Italy." In 2005 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2005. ERES, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2005_178.

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Shaoming, Li, and Li Ruipeng. "Research on trajectory tracking control of multiple degree of freedom manipulator." In 2017 32nd Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac.2017.7967408.

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Karaman, Ebru. "Structure of the Constitutional Courts in Comparative Law: Macedonia, Turkey, Germany, Austria, France, Italy and Spain." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01158.

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When the legislative has delimited rights and freedoms illegally, Constitutional Court should step in as an efficient assurance and this forcefulness is undoubtedly related to the structure of the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court's organization and election of the members of the Constitutional Court and status have a great importance for freedom of the Court. As a matter of fact, the only way to protect people’s fundamental rights and freedoms is possible with independent verdict. Judiciary which fulfills the function of judgment behalf of the nation and the judges who hold the judicial power, have an indispensable importance. The assurance of people’s right and freedoms could be provided only, when the court has accomplished their mission away from all kinds of pressure and influence. The freedom of judges also means their appointments, employee rights and working condition therefore; in first place, the organization of the Turkish Constitutional Court (General Assembly, Department, Division, Commission), then the election of members of the Turkish Constitutional Court and the status are compared with the regulation of Macedonia, Germany, Austria, France, Italy and Spain.
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Jiachen, Qian. "Two-degree-of-freedom visual tracking system with image stabilization for mobile platforms." In 2018 33rd Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac.2018.8406518.

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Capellán, Guillermo, Juan Jose Arenas, Enzo Siviero, Roberto Di Marco, Fabio Di Marco, and Gianni Ascarelli. "Design of Ponte dei Congressi in Rome, Italy." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.2290.

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The Ponte dei Congressi is a new bridge designed for the city of Rome over the River Tiber. This design is developed by the professional association of engineers and architects who won the international design competition held for this bridge in 2001. 15 years later this project is becoming a reality, with construction due to start in 2016. The design has been adapted and renewed according to the new conditions of the road and traffic design planned in the area. The new design is a steel bowstring arch bridge with 175 m main span, which holds a 24,5 m wide deck, and two side footbridges that are suspended from the deck at a different level, in order to a link the footpaths and bicycle lanes at both river banks. It forms part of a large road connection operation improving South West access to the city of Rome from Fiumicino Airport.
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Assi, Ala Fathi, Aliya Isiksal, and Turgut Tursoy. "The Asymmetric Association Among The Consumption Of Gasoline, Financial Advancement, And Economic Freedom In Singapore." In 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasa51403.2020.9316864.

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Reports on the topic "Freedom of association – Italy"

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Rodríguez Burgos, Ojel L. Freedom and the Rule of Law. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13582005.

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The word freedom is used constantly, but little understood; to understand it, it is important to see the State as a civil association of individuals, where different ways of living and purposes coexist. This coexistence depends on a rule of law, which allows individuals to pursue their conception of the good life consistent with the rules of the association. The freedom requires a rule of law, which allows free action and cooperation of individuals in the market and thus benefits the economy.
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