Relevant bibliographies by topics / FREEDOM BALL

Academic literature on the topic 'FREEDOM BALL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FREEDOM BALL"

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Alfares, Mohammed, Ghanim Al-Daihani, and Jasim Baroon. "The impact of vibration response due to rolling bearing components waviness on the performance of grinding machine spindle system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419319838773.

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In this research, an analytical model based on a five-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear dynamical system was utilized to investigate the impact of vibration response due to inner race, outer race, and ball bearing waviness on the performance of grinding machine spindle system supported by two angular ball bearings. The waviness of rolling elements is modeled as a sinusoidal function is incorporated along the inner or outer races of bearing and ball surface. The elastic deflection and nonlinear contact force are calculated based on Hertzian contact model, while the shaft has five-degrees-of-freedom motions, three translational and two angular motions. The five–degrees-of-freedom nonlinear governing equations of the spindle system were developed taking into consideration the effect of outer race, inner race, and ball surface waviness, which are included in the kinematic constraints and force equilibrium equations of a ball. The developed model and its results are validated against results found in literature. Results by this paper indicate that the inner race waviness can significantly distort the tolerance and machining quality of grinding spindle-bearing systems more than does waviness in the outer race and ball elements. This is because the inner race waviness generates more complicated vibrations than the outer race and ball waviness. The most severe vibrations caused by the inner race waviness were found to occur when the waviness was of the order that is equal to multiple of number of balls in a bearing set plus or minus one ([Formula: see text]).
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Hore, J., S. Watts, and D. Tweed. "Arm position constraints when throwing in three dimensions." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 1171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.3.1171.

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1. Overarm throwing is a skilled multijoint movement with potentially many degrees of freedom. Considering only the arm > or = 7 degrees of freedom are involved (shoulder 3, elbow 2, wrist 2). For each arm segment 3 degrees of freedom are potentially required to specify its angular position (orientation) at any moment during a throw. Simplification of the control problem for the CNS would occur if there were constraints on these degrees of freedom. The objective was to determine whether such constraints exist at ball release when throwing at targets in different directions using only the arm. 2. The angular positions in three dimensions of the distal phalanx of the middle finger, the hand, the forearm, and the upper arm were simultaneously recorded with search coils as subjects sat with a fixed trunk and threw balls at nine targets in an approximate +/- 40 degree work space. Ball release was signaled by microswitches on the proximal and distal phalanges of the middle finger (proximal and distal triggers). 3. On throwing at any one target the hand at ball release adopted a similar orientation for each throw, i.e., for a particular vertical and horizontal angular position the hand adopted a similar torsional position. On throwing at targets throughout the work space, angular position (rotation) vectors describing hand positions in space at ball release were confined to a two-dimensional surface rather than a three-dimensional volume. This constraint in hand torsion occurred near and at ball release but not throughout the entire throw. It was not due to mechanical factors because such a surface was not obtained when subjects deliberately twisted their arms when throwing. Thus at ball release during a "natural" throw the hand was constrained to 2 of its possible 3 angular degrees of freedom. 4. The same constraint was also found for finger, forearm, and upper arm angular positions in space at ball release as determined at both the proximal and distal triggers. A consequence is that at ball release the entire arm was constrained to 2 of its possible 7 degrees of freedom. 5. The two-dimensional position vector surface for each arm segment was similar to that obtained when pointing with a straight arm at the same targets. In both cases they showed torsion and were twisted like the surface obtained by rotations around the horizontal and vertical axes of a Fick gimbal. However, in some subjects the throwing surfaces were tilted from the vertical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Geng, Keke, and Shengye Lin. "Effect of angular misalignment on the stiffness of the double-row self-aligning ball bearing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 946–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219885979.

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The double-row self-aligning ball bearing commonly runs with angular misalignment between the inner and outer rings, and the angular misalignment significantly affects the bearing performance. However, the effect of angular misalignment on the dynamic characteristics of the double-row self-aligning ball bearing has not been studied thoroughly. This paper investigates the effect of angular misalignment on the stiffness of the double-row self-aligning ball bearing. The quasi-static model for the double-row self-aligning ball bearing is established with five degrees of freedom, namely, three translational displacements along x, y, and z directions and two tilting angles around x-axis and y-axis. The internal clearance between balls and raceways is included in the presented model. The formulation of the three-dimensional stiffness matrix for the double-row self-aligning ball bearing is analytically derived, and is verified by comparing with the available dada in published literature. Finally, the stiffness of the double-row self-aligning ball bearing under various angular misalignment conditions is analyzed systematically. The results show that the tilting angles vary the contact angles and contact forces of the compressed balls in the double-row self-aligning ball bearing, thus affect the bearing stiffness; the bearing stiffness decreases with the internal clearance; the angular misalignment significantly impacts the stiffness of the bearing running at a low speed.
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Meeks, Crawford R., and Long Tran. "Ball Bearing Dynamic Analysis Using Computer Methods—Part I: Analysis." Journal of Tribology 118, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2837092.

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An analytical ball bearing dynamics model was developed that rigorously models all of the significant kinematic, structural, and dynamic effects. The model can analyze bearings of any material combination for the races, balls and ball cage. This model analyzes the stresses and deflections of the loaded elements due to (1) preload, (2) external axial, radial and moment loads, (3) centrifugal and gyroscopic ball loads. A rigorous six-degree-of-freedom model of ball cage motions was developed to analyze ball and cage dynamics. The ball cage equations of motion were written in a rotating coordinate system, which greatly simplifies the equations, resulting in a highly efficient, but rigorous, model of bearing dynamics. A computer program was developed, incorporating the algorithms, to solve the multiple simultaneous quasi-static ball-to-race load equations using modified Newton-Raphson methods. The Lawrence Livermore Ode package (LSODA) is employed for numerical integration of the dynamic equations of motion. This method assures convergence, while controlling the accuracy of the calculations as a function of computer run time and automatically selects the appropriate integration method for stiff and non-stiff system of ODE. The program analyzes ball and cage motions in time domain, wear life, fatigue life, lubricant film effects, ball-to-cage forces, torque noise and many other bearing parameters.
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Wang, L.-Q., L. Cui, L. Gu, and D.-Z. Zheng. "Study on dynamic characteristics of angular ball bearing with non-linear vibration of rotor system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes817.

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A rotor system supported by an angular ball bearing displays very complicated non-linear behaviour due to non-linear Hertzian contact force. The non-linear force and moment caused by the ball bearing are calculated on the basis of the relationship between deflection, and five-degree-of-freedom dynamic equations of the rotor ball bearing system are established. The Newmark-β method and the Newton—Raphson method are used to solve the non-linear equations. The dynamic characteristics of angular ball bearings are computed, considering the non-linear vibration of the rotor system. Taking angular ball bearing QJS208ACQ4C1/HNP4 as an example, the effects of the vibration of the rotor system on bearing dynamic characteristics are analysed. The results show that the spin-to-roll ratio of balls, the slide ratio of the cage, and stiffness of the bearing all vary obviously with the non-periodic vibration range of the rotor; initial contact angle and axial load of the ball bearing change the non-linear dynamic nature of the rotor system and dynamic characteristics of the bearing. The rotor ball bearing system can work stably by choosing the structural and operation parameters reasonably.
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Ma, Tianxiang, Shengqi Yang, Yongsen Xu, Dachuan Liu, Jinghua Hou, and Yunqing Liu. "Analysis and Correction of Measurement Error of Spherical Capacitive Sensor Caused by Assembly Error of the Inner Frame in the Aeronautical Optoelectronic Pod." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 9543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239543.

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The ball joint is a multi-degree-of-freedom transmission pair, if it can replace the inner frame in the aviation photoelectric pod to carry the optical load, which will greatly simplify the system structure of the photoelectric pod and reduce the space occupied by the inner frame. However, installation errors in ball joint siting introduce nonlinear errors that are difficult to correct and two degree of freedom angular displacement of the ball joint is difficult to detect, which limits application in the precision control of two degrees of freedom systems. Studies of spherical capacitive sensors to date have not tested sensors for use in an inner frame stabilisation mechanism nor have they analysed the influence of installation error on sensor output. A two-axis angular experimental device was designed to measure the performance of a ball joint capacitive sensor in a frame stabilisation mechanism in an aeronautical optoelectronic pod, and a mathematical model to compensate for ball joint capacitive sensor installation error was created and tested. The experimental results show that the resolution of the capacitive sensor was 0.02° in the operating range ±4°, the repeatability factor was 0.86%, and the pulse response time was 39 μs. The designed capacitive sensor has a simple structure, high measurement accuracy, and strong robustness, and it can be integrated into ball joint applications in the frames of aeronautical photoelectric pods.
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MIYAZAKI, Tetsuro, and Kazushi SANADA. "Degrees of Freedom and Motion Design of Ball Throwing Robot Maximizing Ball Flying Distance." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2016 (2016): 2P2–04a6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2016.2p2-04a6.

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Wu, Xibao, Wenbai Chen, and Weichen Li. "Realization of Humanoid Robot Playing Golf." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2016-0093.

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Abstract Aiming at the golf tournament technical requirements in International Humanoid robot Olympic Game (IHOG), two-freedom-degrees “head & eye” system based on monocular vision robot MF-AI is developed. The new robot equipped with the “head & eye” system can identify the location of the golf ball and the hole, and can measure the distance of the two objects. Experiments show that the two-freedom-degrees “head & eye” system improves the accuracy of hitting the golf ball into the hole. Moreover, the system can identify the target, can calibrate distances, can measure robot’s moving and look for the hole, can adjust the position of the robot and hit the ball effectively.
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Smagala, Arkadiusz, and Krzysztof Kecik. "Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of a Rolling Bearing." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540103.

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A numerical analysis of the nonlinear bearing model about two degrees of freedom has been presented in this paper. The contact between a ball and ring by Hertz theory is described. Influence of the number of balls, shaft rotation and clearance on the acceleration were investigated in detail. Three numbers of balls from 11 to 16 were analyzed. The clearance level in the range of 0-71μm has been studied. It has been shown that the acceleration responses are different, depending on the vibration direction and are usually higher when the radial internal clearance and the shaft speed are increased. The higher ball number caused that the accelerations decreased in both directions. Moreover, two dynamic indicators that can be used for comparison bearing dynamics have been proposed. These obtained results are useful for understanding the vibration response mechanism from a practical point of view.
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Liu, Chang, Chunyu Zhao, Zhendong Liu, and Shuai Wang. "Dynamic Analysis of Ball Screw Feed System with the Effects of Excitation Amplitude and Design Parameters." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 7070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157070.

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In this paper, a nine degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the ball screw feed system considering the contact nonlinearity between balls and raceways is established to analyze the vibration characteristics. The position relationship between raceway centers for the ball screw and bearings is determined by using the homogeneous coordinate transformation, and then the restoring force functions along the axial and lateral directions are derived. The dynamic equations of the feed system are solved by using Newmark method, and the proposed model is verified by the experimental method. Furthermore, the effect of the excitation amplitude on the axial vibration of the feed system is investigated by the frequency-amplitude curve and 3-D frequency spectrum. With the increase of excitation amplitude, the dynamic response of the feed system exits the softening, hardening type nonlinearity and jump phenomenon. Additionally, the effects of the initial contact angle, length of screw shaft and number of loaded balls on the axial vibration of the feed system in the resonance region are discussed. The results show that the dynamic model established in this paper is suitable for improving the machining accuracy and stability of the ball screw feed system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FREEDOM BALL"

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Haking, Julia. "Digital Nomad Lifestyle : A field study in Bali." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226165.

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The digital age has unleashed limitless opportunities and transformed how we work, play and live. As a result, more people embrace the digital nomad lifestyle to fulfill both personal and professional goals. This research assesses the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with this lifestyle. In addition, I examine the digital nomad characteristics in Bali and how the digital nomad community in Bali supports professional development. Data were collected during a two-month field study in Bali, which is one of the world’s most popular digital nomad hubs. The findings suggest that digital nomads are predominantly millennials from advanced economies who have different academic backgrounds. Freedom is the primary advantage, while overall job satisfaction and productivity dramatically differ. Overall, members of Bali’s digital nomad community feel supported in their professional development.
Digitaliseringen har skapat oändligt många möjligheter och förändrat hur vi arbetar, umgås och lever i dagens samhälle. Det har resulterat i att allt fler provar på en livsstil som digital nomad för att uppnå både personliga och professionella mål. Den här uppsatsen analyserar fördelar och nackdelar som är förknippade med en livsstil som digital nomad. Dessutom undersöker jag vad som karaktäriserar digitala nomader på Bali och hur gemenskapen bland digitala nomader på Bali kan gynna professionell utveckling. Insamling av data skedde under en två månaders fältstudie på Bali, vilket är en av världens mest populära digital nomad hubbar. Resultatet visar att digitala nomader är främst millenials från i-länder med olika akademisk bakgrund. Frihet är den främsta fördelen, medan generell arbetstillfredsställelse och produktivitet varierar dramatiskt. Medlemmar av Balis digitala nomadgemenskap känner att de utvecklas professionellt.
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Haking, Julia. "Digital Nomad Lifestyle : A field study in Bali." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222351.

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The digital age has unleashed limitless opportunities and transformed how we work, play and live. As a result, more people embrace the digital nomad lifestyle to fulfill both personal and professional goals. This research assesses the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with this lifestyle. In addition, I examine the digital nomad characteristics in Bali and how the digital nomad community in Bali supports professional development. Data were collected during a two-month field study in Bali, which is one of the world’s most popular digital nomad hubs. The findings suggest that digital nomads are predominantly millennials from advanced economies who have different academic backgrounds. Freedom is the primary advantage, while overall job satisfaction and productivity dramatically differ. Overall, members of Bali’s digital nomad community feel supported in their professional development. “Spend your days on a nine to five You waste your time on a central line What do you love? Work two jobs tryin' stay alive You spend your money on a Friday night Tell me, what do you love?” – Jacob Banks
Digitaliseringen har skapat oändligt många möjligheter och förändrat hur vi arbetar, umgås och lever i dagens samhälle. Det har resulterat i att allt fler provar på en livsstil som digital nomad för att uppnå både personliga och professionella mål. Den här uppsatsen analyserar fördelar och nackdelar som är förknippade med en livsstil som digital nomad. Dessutom undersöker jag vad som karaktäriserar digitala nomader på Bali och hur gemenskapen bland digitala nomader på Bali kan gynna professionell utveckling. Insamling av data skedde under en två månaders fältstudie på Bali, vilket är en av världens mest populära digital nomad hubbar. Resultatet visar att digitala nomader är främst millenials från i-länder med olika akademisk bakgrund. Frihet är den främsta fördelen, medan generell arbetstillfredsställelse och produktivitet varierar dramatiskt. Medlemmar av Balis digitala nomadgemenskap känner att de utvecklas professionellt. “Spend your days on a nine to five You waste your time on a central line What do you love? Work two jobs tryin' stay alive You spend your money on a Friday night Tell me, what do you love?” – Jacob Banks
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CHI, CHIA-WEI, and 季佳緯. "Design of Two Degrees-of-Freedom Piezoelectric Actuators for Electronic Eye Ball Applications." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d43248.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系
104
Generally, actuator can be classified as two forms, one is piezoelectric actuator, and the other is electromagnetic actuator. Moreover, standing wave type and traveling wave type are two major types of piezoelectric actuators. In this paper, converse piezoelectric effect occurs as we input voltage and driving frequency in piezoelectric plate. Piezoelectric effect is a phenomenon about mechanical energy transformation. We excite electrode to generate ultrasonic vibration that cause rotor to drive in elliptical motion and make stator start to move. The purpose of this study is using standing wave type method to drive stator. The three piezoelectric actuators are attached to the foundation of fixture above the base that arrange asymmetrically and separate in 120 degrees. Besides, we can adjust the distance of fixture based on the size of rotor. The powerful magnet below the center is to increase the weight of stator by means of magnet suction. To increase the efficiency of piezoelectric plate, we must find the location of the fixture and the friction elements on the piezoelectric ceramic chaps by using finite element analysis software. The optimal driving frequency in mode(1,0), mode(0,1)and mode(1,1) is 194 frequency, 195 frequency and 191 frequency. The structure of the two degrees of freedom piezoelectric actuators consist of three asymmetrical ceramic chaps, fixtures, friction elements, foundation of fixture, acrylic base, and rotor. There are three major situations about driving modes. In the first driving mode(1,0), the rotor applies a clockwise rotation around the y – axis with the highest speed as 54.2rpm. In the second driving mode(0,1), the rotor applies a anticlockwise rotation around the y – axis with the highest speed as 40.1 rpm. In the third driving mode(1,1), the rotor rotate around the x – axis with the highest speed as 26.6 rpm.
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Chih-Hsiung, Cheng, and 鄭至雄. "Research on automatic freeform surface finish of NAK80 tool steel using ball burnishing and ball polishing processes." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20695253053813170830.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
92
The objective of this study is to develop an automatic surface finish system by integrating the ball burnishing and ball polishing processes with a CNC machining center. Optimal flat surface polishing parameters of the developed system for NAK80 tool steel were determined by utilizing the Taguchi’s orthogonal array method. Six polishing parameters, namely abrasive size, abrasive material, feed, stepover, polishing force (depth of cut), and the rotational speed of the polishing ball were selected as the experimental factors of Taguchi’s matrix experiment to determine the optimal polishing parameters, which have dominant influence on surface roughness. The optimal polishing parameters have been determined by conducting the experiments of the Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal table, analysis of variation (ANOVA), and the full factorial experiment. The optimal flat surface polishing parameters for NAK80 tool steel were the combination of the abrasive of SiC with grid No.10000, the feed of 100 mm/min, stepover distance 40μm, polishing force 2.695N (depth of cut 240μm) and the grinder speed 22000 rpm. The surface roughness of the test specimens could be improved from about Ra 0.3μm to Ra 0.025μm in average by using the optimal flat surface ball burnishing parameters. The surface roughness of burnished specimen can be further improved from about Ra 0.025μm to Ra 0.016μm by using the ball polishing process with determined optimal polishing parameters. Applying the optimal flat surface ball burnishing and ball polishing parameters sequentially to a fine milled freeform surface mold of a spherical lens, the surface roughness of the polished mold on bottom region of the mold cavity could be improved from about Ra 0.0714μm to Ra 0.024μm, the surface roughness on the lateral region of the mold cavity could be improved from about Ra 0.1004μm to Ra 0.038μm. The surface roughness of Ra 0.0278μm was obtainable for a saddle freeform surface by utilizing the developed automatic surface finish system.
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ju-te, Chiu, and 邱如德. "Freeform surface finish of plastic injection mold steel by using ball burinishing and polishing." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56155327634956970037.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
90
The objective of this study is to introduce the possible ball burnishing and ball polishing surface finish process of a freeform surface plastic injection mold on a machining center. The design and manufacture of a polishing tool including a high-speed grinder mounted with felt ball and its holder was first accomplished in this study. The optimal plane polishing parameters were determined by utilizing the Taguchi’s orthogonal array method for plastic injection molding steel PDS5 on a machining center. Six grinding parameters, namely abrasive particle size, abrasive material, feed, step over distance, polishing force (depth of penetration) and the speed of the polishing ball were selected as the experimental factors of Taguchi’s Design of Experiment to determine the optimal grinding parameters, which have the dominant influence on surface roughness. The optimal grinding parameters have been determined after conducting the experiments of the Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal table, analysis of variation (ANOVA), and the full factorial experiment. The optimal plane polishing parameters for the plastic injection mold steel PDS5 were the combination of the PA abrasives of Al2O3 with grid no. 8000, the feed 100 mm/min., step over distance 40μ m, the polishing force 4.21N (depth of penetration 240μm) and the grinding speed 18000 rpm. The surface roughness Ra of the specimen can be improved from about 1.0μm to 0.067μm by using the optimal ball burnishing parameters for plane burnishing. The surface roughness Ra of the burnished specimen can be further improved from about 0.067 μm to 0.023μm by using the polishing process with the optimal polishing parameters. Applying the optimal plane burnishing and polishing parameters sequentially to a fine milled freeform surface mold insert, the surface roughness Ra of freeform surface region on the tested part can be improved from about 0.073 μm to 0.023μm.
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Kapoor, Suneera. "Concept of freedom in the writings of Sri Aurobinda Ghosh and Bal Gangadhar Tilak." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4084.

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Wen-Dwu, Lee, and 李文讀. "Freeform surface finish of plastic injection mold steel by using grinding and ball burnishing process on the machine tool." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70922099053352266117.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
90
Abstract The objective of this study is to introduce the possible grinding and ball burnishing surface finish process of a freeform surface plastic injection mold on a machining center. The design and manufacture of a grinding tool was first accomplished in this study. The optimal plane grinding parameters were determined by utilizing the Taguchi’s orthogonal array method for plastic injection molding steel PDS5 on a machining center. Four grinding parameters, namely the abrasive material, grinding speed, grinding depth and feed, were selected as the experimental factors of Taguchi’s Design of Experiment to determine the optimal grinding parameters, which have the dominant influence on surface roughness. The optimal grinding parameters were found out after conducting the experiments of the Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal table, analysis of variation (ANOVA), and the full factorial experiment. The optimal plane grinding parameters for the plastic injection mold steel PDS5 were the combination of the PA abrasives of Al2O3, the grinding speed of 18000 rpm, the grinding depth of 20um, and the feed of 50 mm/min. The surface roughness Ra of the specimen can be improved from about 1.60um to 0.343um by using the optimal grinding parameters for plane grinding. The surface roughness Ra of the ground specimen can be further improved from about 0.343um to 0.064um by using the ball burnishing process with the optimal burnishing parameters. The hardness of the tested part can be improved from HV 335.4 to HV 449.6 and the depth of the hardness layer is about 30um after grinding and ball burnishing surface finish process. Applying the optimal plane grinding and burnishing parameters sequentially to a fine milled freeform surface mold insert, the surface roughness Ra of freeform surface region on the tested part can be improved from about 2.152um to 0.072um.
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Baloyi, Colonel Rex. "Interpretations of academic freedom :." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18051.

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Books on the topic "FREEDOM BALL"

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M(Ego) and the green ball of freedom. Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press, 2002.

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Amerson, Parnell. Freedom matters. Accokeek, Md: Stoeger Pub., 2003.

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Sorman, Guy. Freedom on bail: The real thinkers on the twentieth century. India: Vikas, 1991.

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An eagle named Freedom: My true story of a remarkable friendship. New York, N.Y: William Morrow, 2010.

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Jinnah and Tilak: Comrades in the freedom struggle. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Fellner, Jamie. The price of freedom: Bail and pretrial detention of low income nonfelony defendants in New York City. [New York, N.Y.]: Human Rights Watch, 2010.

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Alkasum, Abba, and Usman Yusufu Bala 1945-2005, eds. A life of commitment to knowledge, freedom and justice: Tributes to Yusufu Bala Usman, 1945-2005. Zaria, Nigeria: Centre for Democratic Development Research and Training, 2006.

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Sisko, Yvonne Collioud. American 24-Karat Gold: 24 classic American short stories. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.

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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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Inc, Game Counsellor, ed. The Game Counsellor's answer book for Nintendo Game players: Hundredsof questions -and answers - about more than 250 popular Nintendo Games. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "FREEDOM BALL"

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Krishnan, Kiran G., Kritika Dutta, Steve Abraham Eapen, Mathew Martin, and Jeevamma Jacob. "Control of Two Degrees of Freedom Ball Balancer Using Image Processing." In Innovations in Computer Science and Engineering, 497–507. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2043-3_54.

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Spânu, Alina Rodica, Daniel Besnea, and Edgar Moraru. "The Dynamic Modeling of Ball and Plate Mechatronic System with Two Simultaneously Degrees of Freedom." In Proceedings of the International Conference of Mechatronics and Cyber- MixMechatronics - 2020, 173–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53973-3_19.

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Singh, Anant Kumar, Sunil Jha, and P. M. Pandey. "Nanofinishing Process for 3D Freeform Surfaces Using Ball End MR Finishing Tool." In Proceedings of the 36th International MATADOR Conference, 67–70. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-432-6_15.

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Bini, Piero. "Gli economisti e il corporativismo nell’Italia fascista." In Studi e saggi, 43–71. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-455-7.02.

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This paper focuses on the role and relevance of Corporatism in the Italian tradition of economic studies during the 1920s and 1930s. Historiography offers two different interpretations: Corporatism as a propaganda phenomenon and an economic doctrine limiting freedom; Corporatism as a series of policy measures devised to stabilize the Italian economy after WW1. To correctly assess the phenomenon of Corporatism, this paper chooses a different approach: an in depth analysis of the main theoretical answers proposed by Italian economists in regard to the most significant policy issues of the time. For example: corporatist wage and labor policy, the post-1929 relief measures, the bail out of some leading banks, the foundation of the Italian Financial Institute (IMI) in 1931 and of the Industrial Reconstruction Institute (IRI) in 1933, and finally the projected third way between a market economy and a command economy. One of the main conclusions of this research is that the energies and time spent into devising a Corporatist economic system and Corporatist policy measures hindered the advancement of economic studies in Italy.
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Peterson, Robert. "Freshening Winds of Freedom." In Only the Ball Was White, 171–81. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076370.003.0051.

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Batchelor, Lyn, and Keith Townsend. "Freedom and flexibility with a ball and chain." In Routledge Studies in Innovation, Organizations and Technology, 180–91. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203894354.ch13.

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Umar, Abubakar, Muhammed B. Mu’azu, Zaharuddeen Haruna, Ore-Ofe Ajayi, Nafisa S. Usman, Onoshoho J. Oghenetega, and Abdulfatai D. Adekale. "Performance Comparison of the Ball and Beam System using Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller." In PID Control for Linear and Nonlinear Industrial Processes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110513.

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This paper proposes the performance comparison of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller for the ball and beam system (BBS). The BBS is a standard benchmark control system, which has two degree-of-freedom (2 DOF). It is an open loop and a highly nonlinear unstable system. This makes its parameter difficult to be estimated accurately, hence designing a controller for it is a challenging task. MatheThe BBS was modelled using Euler–Lagrange modeling technique, while the LQR controller was used for the stabilization of the ball on the beam. Simulation was done in MATLAB/Simulink 2022b environment, and the results simulated showed that for the two weighting matrices (Q and R), the state weighting matrix had a higher penalty on the ball displacement, ball velocity, beam angle, and beam angular velocity at lower values of Q. For the state weighting matrix had a better effect of penalty performance on the BBS with lower values. Also, as the diagonal element of the state weighting matrix Q increases from 0.1 to 20, the values of the optimal controller K increase, the reduced Ricatti matrix P increases, and the estimated eigenvalues E reduce. This implies that the ball displacement, ball velocity, beam angle, and beam angular velocity are better at lower values of Q.
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"Freedom and flexibility with a ball and chain: Managers and their use of mobile phones." In Mobility and Technology in the Workplace, 192–203. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203894354-24.

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Dierenfield, Bruce J., and David A. Gerber. "In Search of Religious Liberty." In Disability Rights and Religious Liberty in Education, 99–120. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043208.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the origins of the Zobrests’ lawsuit against their public school district in Tucson, which refused on constitutional grounds to pay for Jim’s sign language interpreter in a Catholic school. For the Zobrests, federal disability laws and the First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause entitled Jim to have this essential service. What follows is an analysis of the zigzag line of thinking employed by the U.S. Supreme Court as it grappled with church-state issues in the twentieth century prior to its consideration of the Zobrest case. For years, two titans of constitutional law—Catholic neoconservative William Bentley Ball and civil libertarian Leo Pfeffer—battled over what was legally permissible with regard to freedom of religion. Ultimately, the court enunciated a controversial Lemon Test to address this thorny area of its jurisprudence.
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A. Al-Assadi, Hayder M. A., and Ahmed Jaffar. "Development of Adaptive Learning Control Algorithm for a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Serial Ball And Socket Actuator." In Robot Manipulators New Achievements. InTech, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/9333.

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Conference papers on the topic "FREEDOM BALL"

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MacKenzie, I. Scott, R. William Soukoreff, and Chris Pal. "A two-ball mouse affords three degrees of freedom." In CHI '97 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1120212.1120405.

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Ishii, Kota, and Ryoshu Furutani. "Interferometer for multi-degree-of-freedom measurement using ball lens and liquid crystal." In 2022 8th International Conference on Nanomanufacturing & 4th AET Symposium on ACSM and Digital Manufacturing (Nanoman-AETS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nanoman-aets56035.2022.10119523.

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Wang, Wenxuan, Xiaoguang Chu, and Weichao Wang. "Two degree of freedom Maglev ball control based on sliding mode state observer." In 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac51589.2020.9327132.

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Mohsin Jafri, Syed Muhammad, and John M. Vance. "Modeling of Impact Dynamics of a Tennis Ball With a Flat Surface." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84077.

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A model of impact of a tennis ball with a flat surface is developed based on a planar, two-mass, linear, four degree of freedom vibration system idealization. The impact is assumed to be incident on a flat surface with friction. The incident parameters of the ball include the centre of mass translational velocity, angle of impact with the surface and the incident angular spin of the ball. The linear, piecemeal vibration model predicts the corresponding rebound parameters of the tennis ball. The model also predicts the duration of contact of the tennis ball with the flat surface, the transition of motion of the tennis ball during contact with the ground from sliding to rolling contact, and the resulting contact forces developed between the tennis ball and the flat surface. The model is computationally efficient because the governing differential equations of motion are linear and their standard solutions can be easily implemented on a personal computer. Predictions of the rebound parameters from the model are compared with experimental findings on tennis balls which are incident on a flat surface with various angles, velocities and angular spins (zero spin, topspin and backspin). For selected parameters of the two-mass model, the comparisons show excellent agreement between the model and the measurements.
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Fang, Bin, Jinhua Zhang, Ke Yan, and Jun Hong. "Study on the Dynamic Response of an Unbalanced Rotor System Supported by Ball Bearings." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97737.

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Abstract This paper proposed a new four-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the bearing-rotor system based on ball bearing without Raceway Control Hypothesis, and both the inertia forces of balls and the tilting motions of rotor are fully considering in the calculation of restoring forces and moments of ball bearings. Then the dynamic model are solved by the fourth-step Runge-Kutta method, and the dynamic responses of rotor system including the displacement, velocity and center orbits are obtained, and the influences of rotating speeds, eccentricity and symmetry of rotor are studied and analyzed. The results show that both the varying compliance of ball bearing and rotor eccentric force have a great influence on the dynamic responses and motion patterns of bearing-rotor system, and the titling motion of bearing-rotor should be considered in the analysis of asymmetric rotor or the symmetric rotor under some specific conditions.
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Miyazaki, Tetsuro, and Kazushi Sanada. "Robot body design including degrees of freedom and link parameters maximizing ball throwing performance." In 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2016.7759462.

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Yang, Zhaohui, Jun Hong, Jinhua Zhang, Micheal Yu Wang, and Baotong Li. "A New Method to Analyze Three-Dimensional Non-Repetitive Run-Out (3D-NRRO) of Angular Contact Ball Bearings." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65848.

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As ultra-precision index of high-precision ball bearings, the value of three-dimensional non-repetitive run-out (3D-NRRO) directly influences the rotation accuracy in complex mechanical system. Reducing 3D-NRRO contributes to improve the quality of manufacturing in machining tools. This paper develops five-freedom model to analyze the 3D-NRRO of an angular contact ball bearing caused by geometrical errors of the rings raceways and the balls. In the model, the variation of contact angle caused by centrifugal force of balls is taken into consideration, and the geometrical errors of rings raceway and balls are described by Fourier series. Meanwhile, based on Hertzian contact theory and the solution method of dimensional chains, the 3D-NRRO analytical program has been developed, the value of 3D-NRRO analysis is shown. From the results, the relationship between the 3D-NRRO and the geometrical errors of rings raceway and balls are analyzed quantitatively. Findings of this paper provide theoretical supports to reduce or control the 3D-NRRO by optimizing manufacturing process of bearing components.
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Salas, Oscar, Samer Riachy, and Jean-Pierre Barbot. "Nonlinear Controller for a Modified Design of the Ball and Beam System." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82147.

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The global stabilization of the classical ball & beam has been approached in the literature through saturated control which imposes restrictions on the reactivity of the closed loop. In this work a modified design for the classical ball & beam system is presented. The beam is driven by two actuators (see figure 1). In comparison to the classical system, this design offers an additional degree of freedom which is the vertical motion of the beam. We show that the new design offers the possibility to get rid of the closed loop low reactivity restriction. We propose two nonlinear controllers to steer the trajectories of the system towards a final desired position. The first controller adapts, to the new design, existing controllers from the literature for the classical ball & beam. The second controller uses the additional degree of freedom to provide a faster stabilization.
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Zaeh, Michael F., and Thomas Oertli. "Finite Element Formulation of Pre-Stressed Ball Screw Drives." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58281.

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In this paper a stiffness matrix of the ball screw drive element is formulated as an approach for substitute modeling of the stiffness conditions at the ball-groove contacts in the engagement region of the ball screw and the nut. A scalar spring model is proposed, for the coupling between the ball screw and the nut with respect to both the stiffness properties and the screw degree of freedom of the ball screw drive. This permits combined modelling and vibration analysis of entire frame structures including ball screw feed drive systems by means of integral finite element models. The feed axis of a feed drives test station serves here as an example for demonstration and for verification of the modelling approach. A reduced order representation of the finite element model is used for simulation of the feed axis in control, the results of which match corresponding measurement results obtained from the test station.
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Wen, Yan, Yong Wang, Guoli Li, Qunjing Wang, Qiubo Ye, Qian Zhang, and Fang Xie. "Kinematic analysis and dynamics modeling of a novel ball joint actuator with three-degree-of-freedom." In 2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icpe2023-ecceasia54778.2023.10213630.

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