Journal articles on the topic 'Free trade Thailand'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Free trade Thailand.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Free trade Thailand.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Herman, Nash. "Thailand’s Trade Policies: Short Review of Successes and Shortcomings." International Review of Business and Economics 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2021.5.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
While Thailand is often considered a bastion of free trade, the Southeast Asian country has deployed a multitude of different policies that has led to Thailand’s current economic success. Thailand has generally always sought to be a modern, liberal country. Before the Asian Financial Crisis of the 1990’s Thailand saw unprecedented economic growth before the crisis and has since focused on even more liberalization measures. The paper aims to explore some of the different parts of economic theory that Thailand has implemented (both liberal and protectionist), in order to explain some of Thailand’s economic success and some possible shortcomings. The first section of the paper explores various parts of economic theory such as different obstructions to free trade and Standard Trade theory. The next part of the paper applies these concepts to Thailand to see how the country implements these theories and policies. Major protectionist policies that Thailand follows are tariffs and resistance to international IPRs. Another critical aspect that is discussed for Thailand’s economic success is the gravity model. The research concludes that while some protectionist policies have certainly helped Thailand in the short term, their desire to continue liberalizing will help the country in the long run.
2
Smith, Nucharee Nuchkoom. "Potential impact of Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement on Thailand." International Journal of Public Law and Policy 4, no. 2 (2014): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplap.2014.060120.
Full text
3
Srisangnam, Piti, Chayodom Sabhasri, Surat Horachaikul, Jirayudh Sinthuphan4and, and Jittichai Rudjanakanoknad. "Development of BIMSTEC Free Trade Area for Thailand in Indo-Pacific." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 2, no. 2 (August 18, 2020): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684620945192.
Full textAbstract:
To develop a policy for creation of economic value and utilise the development of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) free trade area for Thailand, two research tools are adopted in this article. The first one is based on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, adopted as a tool to explore quantitative impacts from the implementation of free trade area. Due to the limitations of the model, however, we have adopted a complementing qualitative analytical framework to ensure that the research must be as comprehensive as possible in every aspect. The qualitative analytical framework chosen in this article is called PEST analysis. Having completed field research, in-depth interviews, focus group meetings and model studies, this article concludes that BIMSTEC is a large-scale market with high purchasing power and growth rate as well as a great source of vast natural and human resources. It is situated not far from Thailand, and at the same time, its social and cultural conditions are very close to those of Thailand’s. It concludes that a stronger BIMSTEC is an essential foundation of Indo-Pacific. JEL Codes: F13, F 15
4
BRAGINA, Elena A. "INDIAN-THAI TRADE RELATIONS: A VIEW FROM INDIA." Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, no. 1 (54) (2022): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-1-1-54-160-167.
Full textAbstract:
Neighboring countries India and Thailand, different in territory, population and GDP, are not the main partners for each other in mutual trade, only 1.5–3.1% in the total exports of each of them. However, both countries consider it important to develop trade with their neighboring countries and see mutual interests in many of its positions. India has signed common free trade agreement with ASEAN and regional free trade agreement with Thailand. The article presents an analysis of the development of exports / imports of India and Thailand in 2011-2021, the main commodity flows are presented. The article also noted the aspects of export/import of commercial services representing almost half of the volume of foreign trade are considered, also noted the rapidly expanding e-commerce in volume.
5
Pholphirul, Piriya. "Does AFTA Create More Trade for Thailand? An Investigation of Some Key Trade Indicators." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 29, no. 1 (March 2010): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341002900103.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines whether the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (“AFTA”) creates trade for Thailand or actually diverts it away from the country. It does this by analyzing various trade indicators: the Export Similarity Index, the Intra-Industry Trade Index, and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) rank correlation. By examining the patterns of trade between Thailand and other members of ASEAN, it reveals a high degree of similarity regarding the trade structure between Thailand and AFTA, which indicates that there will be fewer trade-creation benefits from AFTA and a greater likelihood of trade diversion once the AFTA scheme has been fully implemented. This similarity pattern explains the reasons for future collaboration among member countries and supportive arguments for the future extension of ASEAN (“ASEAN+”). Market-penetration and development strategies should be employed by Thai exporters when accessing the ASEAN market.
6
Kayani, Farrukh Nawaz. "China’s Mushrooming Free Trade Agreements: New Zealand and China’s Upgraded Free Trade Agreement." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (May 21, 2021): 884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.84.
Full textAbstract:
FTAs have mushroomed and proliferated at very fast pace in East Asia, especially after the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) of 1997. The East Asian economies were very disappointed with the International Monetary Fund’s handling of the crisis. In particular, it provided some countries, like Thailand and Indonesia, with poor advice. After the AFC, countries like China, Japan, and South Korea signed FTAs with different countries around the world. The first East Asian FTA talks took place between Japan and South Korea in 1998. Like its neighbors, China also pursued FTAs with neighboring countries. The FTA between China and New Zealand was signed on the 7th of April 2008 and was implemented on the 1st of October 2008. As a result of this FTA, China has become New Zealand’s largest trading partner; New Zealand’s exports to China have quadrupled. As of June 2020, the trade between China and New Zealand exceeded NZ$32 Billion. China and New Zealand signed an upgraded FTA on the 26th of January 2021. The upgraded FTA includes rules relating to e-commerce, competition policy, government procurement, and environment and trade issues. The bilateral trade between China and New Zealand is complimentary rather than competitive; while China mainly exports manufactured products to New Zealand, New Zealand primarily exports agricultural products.
7
Cheng, Ying Hui, De Qun Zhou, Gui Ming Zhang, Ying Wang, and Ying Wang. "Plant Quarantine between Thailand and China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.59.
Full textAbstract:
Free Trade Area (FTA) reached and validated between ASEAN and China has promoted plant and plant products trade dramatically between Thailand and China since 2000. As the agricultural products trade has kept increased rapidly, the pests management and quarantine become serious and challenging to these two countries in terms of ecological security and biosafety. This paper analyzed the situation of plant and plant products trade between Thailand and China from 2003 to 2012, including the kinds and amounts of plant and plant production, epidemic situation analysis which carried by import and export plant and plant products. There are over 400 kinds of plant and plant products which were trade between Thailand and China, and over 1000 genera (species) pests were intercepted including 79 genera (species) quarantine pests. In this paper, the bilateral arrangement related to plant quarantine was also analyzed. The current issues and problems of quarantine pests research, management and quarantine are articulated and suggestions how to improve or upgrade related researches and quarantine level were proposed in this paper.
8
Tan, Lay Hong. "WILL ASEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION PROGRESS BEYOND A FREE TRADE AREA?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, no. 4 (October 2004): 935–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.4.935.
Full textAbstract:
The raison d'être of ASEAN was a political one,1 to secure the region's peace, stability, and development. Against all odds, the founding members, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand signed the ASEAN Declaration on 8 August 1967. Brunei was admitted in January 1984, Vietnam in 1995, which was followed closely by Laos and Myanmar in 1997. Thirty-two years later, on 30 April 1999, ASEAN formally encompassed all ten countries of South-East Asia by admitting Cambodia.2
9
Krikorian, Gaelle Pascale. "From AIDS to Free Trade Agreements: Knowledge Activism in Thailand’s Movement for Access to Medicines." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 3 (April 2, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2017.42.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the movement for access to medicines in Thailand, a country that is a privileged site of observation of the new world order of pharmaceuticals and has been at the forefront in many international negotiations on intellectual property. The movement relies on the appropriation of knowledge and expertise about intellectual property laws, which developed in the context of the fight against HIV/AIDS. Treatment activism in Thailand is particularly vigorous and studying it allows us to grasp both the national and transnational dimension of this type of collective action: a global movement that is structured around the notion of "access to medicines," and is in close but rather orthodox relation to medical knowledge. The relations that one can draw between AIDS activism and the movement for access-to-medicines allows one to trace the origins of the latter and helps us understand key features at the core of this movement. But the analysis also shows that, from the outset, the access to medicines movement in Thailand developed through a new form of activism. The notion of knowledge activism is developed in this paper to seize the particularities of the activism at play in Thailand as compared with other forms of collective action relying on the use of knowledge. Knowledge activism is defined not only by the activists’ relation to knowledge–– authoritative and institutionalized knowledge, or lay expertise––but also by the inclusion in the movement of “expert activists” such as doctors, lawyers, or academics, together with “grassroots activists.” Knowledge activism also implies a permanent circulation of knowledge and information between the various categories of actors involved inside, outside and on the fringes of the movement, and results in a hybrid form of collective action that develops beyond the movement and is constantly reconfigured, according to opportunities or pressures.
10
Shaul Hamid, Mohammed Faiz, and Mohamed Aslam. "The Competitiveness and Complementarities of Agriculture Trade among ASEAN-5 Countries: An Empirical Analysis." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 8 (July 11, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n8p88.
Full textAbstract:
The trade of agriculture products between ASEAN countries has grown rapidly since the establishment of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). By using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) indexes, this study empirically analyses the competitiveness and complementarities among the ASEAN-5 countries for agriculture products. The results shows that IIT is relatively limited and RCA for Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam revealed intense competition among each other in the agriculture sector. Interestingly, the results also showed that Vietnam strongly competed against Thailand and Indonesia, which was detrimental towards both these countries and resulted to these countries losing their competitiveness in several product categories. ASEAN-5 countries have also shown diverse trends of competitiveness for each product category in the agriculture industry and the level of competitiveness coupled with low intra-industry trade reflect that there are policy mismatches that curb further trade integration in the industry despite several efforts under AFTA.
11
Goyal, Tanu M., and Arpita Mukherjee. "Trade Agreements and Services Value Chain: The Case of India and Thailand." Applied Finance and Accounting 3, no. 1 (August 26, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v3i1.1840.
Full textAbstract:
Services sector is an important component of the world trade and production networks. With the opening up of world economy, the role of services in the global value chain and value added has expanded. Services liberalisation is becoming a crucial component of free trade agreements. This is particularly true for trade agreements between South and Southeast Asia. Given this background, the objective of this paper is to understand the scope of establishing services value chain between two countries in South and Southeast Asia - namely India and Thailand - by integrating the two markets through trade agreement. The analysis is based on secondary data, in-depth interviews with policy makers and stakeholders in India and Thailand and an examination of the existing trade agreements of the two countries. The paper found that the present level of integration between the two markets is low due to the existence of market access barriers and regulatory bottlenecks. The paper makes recommendation on how the two countries can reduce barriers to trade in services, thereby fostering greater integration and leveraging the development of a global value chain.
12
TONGSIRI, Wilairat, and Hiroyuki KOSAKA. "Analysis of Japan-Thailand Free Trade Agreement using Asian International Input-Output Model." Interdisciplinary Information Sciences 14, no. 1 (2008): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4036/iis.2008.69.
Full text
13
Hassler, Markus. "Variations of Value Creation: Automobile Manufacturing in Thailand." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 9 (January 1, 2009): 2232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a40238.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing integration of the Thai automobile industry into the global economy throughout the last three decades has been influenced by a number of factors. Although the general increase in demand has created the basic precondition for global automobile firms to serve this particular market, the way in which these automobile firms operate in the Thai economy is subject to regulatory frameworks operating at different geographical scales. Indeed, the exercise of institutional power at the national and macroregional scale, regulating automobile production and trade within Thailand and the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) has a significant impact on the way in which firms embed themselves into, and how value is created within, the Thai economy. However, the network configurations of the lead firms operating in Thailand vary significantly. The way and extent to which lead firms create and enhance value within this national economy are strongly dependent on the manufactured product.
14
Cuyvers, Ludo, Ermie Steenkamp, Wilma Viviers, Riaan Rossouw, and Martin Cameron. "Identifying Thailand’s high-potential export opportunities in ASEAN+3 countries." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 16, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-09-2016-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to identify Thailand’s realistic export opportunities (REOs) in the ASEAN+3 countries (i.e. ASEAN, Greater China, Japan and South Korea), which together constitute an economically dynamic region and a strategic export destination for Thailand. Furthermore, the paper seeks to determine the extent to which Thailand already has a share in ASEAN+3 countries and where new opportunities lie. This allows the formulation of appropriate export promotion strategies for Thailand. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used is a decision support model (DSM) which uses an extensive data-filtering system to systematically screen and eliminate less-promising product–country combinations to ultimately reveal high-potential REOs. Product–country combinations are screened on the basis of country risk; macro-economic country performance; market potential in terms of import growth and import market size; and market access conditions, including market concentration and the existence of trade barriers. The thus narrowed-down REOs are categorised according to Thailand’s relative market share in, and the characteristics of, the identified import markets. Findings The study reveals that the ASEAN+3 countries account for about 40 per cent of the total potential export value of Thailand’s REOs in the world, with China leading the way (12.45 per cent), followed by Japan (8.56 per cent) and South Korea (6.23 per cent). However, Thailand has a relatively small or intermediately small market share in the majority of these REOs, pointing to the need for more offensive and exploratory export promotion strategies. Research limitations/implications The ASEAN+3 countries – given that they are an abundant source of REOs for Thailand and are in Thailand’s “backyard” – should receive more focused attention and resources in government export promotion efforts. The recent launch of the ASEAN Economic Community and the proposed establishment of an East Asia Free Trade Area lend weight to the idea of Thailand adopting a strong regional focus in its export activities. Practical implications The insights derived from the study are valuable for export promotion officials, industry representatives and practising exporters alike, as they constitute an easy-to-digest snapshot of high-potential REOs for Thailand in the ASEAN+3 region. This makes for more efficient planning and prioritising of export development activities, and a more streamlined approach to resource allocation. Originality/value Export promotion shows diminishing returns and requires sustainable strategies and interventions. The value in this paper lies in its description of an innovative market selection tool, the DSM, which is able to process and filter high volumes of information and arrive at a shortlist of high-potential REOs for Thailand in the ASEAN+3 countries. The paper represents a concise case study of the DSM in practice, which should be of particular interest to export promotion agencies, industry associations and both new and more established exporting countries.
15
Verico, Kiki. "The Key Factors of Economic Integration in Southeast Asia: Case of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v4i2.887.
Full textAbstract:
Shifting from intra-regional trade to that of investment is the major aim of the economic integration of Southeast Asia. This article attempts to analyse the two essential factors of it, one is intra-regional trade and two is economic community. For the first analysis it selects Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand as the observed countries and for the second analysis it takes Indonesia as the field study. Firstly, this article finds that free trade agreement is effective to increases intra-regional trade but ineffective to attract investment therefore Southeast Asia needs to amplify its open-regionalism principle. Secondly, it finds that private sector is ready towards the economic community therefore the ASEAN Economic Community is fit for the recent Southeast Asia’s integration.
16
Thangavelu, Shandre M., Dionisius Narjoko, and Shujiro Urata. "Impact of FTA on Trade in ASEAN and Australia Using Customs Level Data." Journal of Economic Integration 36, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2021.36.3.437.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the impact of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) on Australian trade with a particular focus on imports from ASEAN member countries to Australia. We examine the AANZFTA’s utilization by ten ASEAN countries at the six-digit trade classification level from 2012 to 2016 using Australian customs data. We implement Ando and Urata’s (2018) and Hayakawa et al.’s (2014) framework of free trade agreement (FTA) utilization based on preferential tariff margins. We also account for overlapping FTAs that are likely to impact the AANZFTA’s utilization. The results indicate that preferential tariff margins positively impact FTA utilization. However, the results also indicate that the AANZFTA’s utilization rate across ASEAN countries is low relative to Australia’s bilateral FTAs with Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. We also find evidence that co-sharing rules of origin positively impact FTA utilization.
17
Clark, Don P. "Factor adjustment implications of a free trade agreement between the United States and Thailand." Journal of Asian Economics 22, no. 3 (June 2011): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2011.02.003.
Full text
18
Aimsiranun, Usanee. "Challenges Concerning New Generation FTAs’ Labour Provisions: Perspective from Thailand." Vietnamese Journal of Legal Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2022-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Thailand is under consideration whether to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) along with four other ASEAN member states namely Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam. Moreover, the negotiation of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the European Union (EU), despite its halt in 2013, is expected to resume. This article aims to study the challenges regarding the labour provisions which form part of new generation FTAs to which Thailand may become a party. It will focus on the labour provisions in the CPTPP and the EU FTA model and examine the eventual impact on Thai labour law as well as suggest legal reforms in case Thailand decides to accede to the CPTPP and/or to conclude an FTA with the EU.
19
Pagco, Moises Louis, Aeron John VALERA, Lance David Buot, and Peter Jeff Camaro. "The Economic Effects of Free Trading Policies Within an Integrated Economy Between Philippines and the Asean-6 Member States." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of the effects that free trade has within the context of the Philippines and its fellow co-members within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was purposed as a conduit for greater insight on trade relations between the nations of what is being considered as a fast-growing unified economy. In a more specific lens, the paper identifies how the Philippines and its fellow nations within the bloc conduct free trade while also carefully examining the number of goods that are being imported and exported. The study will use a Quantitative research design to find the changes in exports and imports as well as to point out the association between the dependent and independent variables. The study also determines the effect of trade policy. The research is a cross-country study exclusive to ASEAN-6, namely Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines, and the period of the study is from the year 1993 – 2015. The researchers used Ordinary Least Squares and showed a high degree of predictability between the dependent and independent variables. The findings confirm that there exists a significant degree of negative correlation between the import and inflation, tariff and FDI. On the other hand, there is a significant positive correlation between the FDI and import of 4 ASEAN countries, namely Brunei, Singapore, Thailand, and Indonesia, besides a negative correlation between FDI and import of Malaysia. While the tariff and inflation of the Philippines and imports come up with a negative relationship, so this brings us to the conclusion that the independent variables are affected by the policy of free trade but for the good of the economies of the countries involved. With the result of the study, it is expected that further examination of this topic will expound more as the zeitgeist affecting the ASEAN bloc continues to tentatively change. The policy-makers should build an inclusive and sustainable trading system by identifying priorities for improvement and clarifying the design of new trade rules. The policy-makers should also come up with indicators, trade facilitation performance of different countries, information on the level of trade in services restrictiveness, and also records on export restrictions.
20
Wang, Zheng-Xin, and Hong-Tao Zhu. "Testing the trade relationships between China, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand using grey Lotka-Volterra competition model." Kybernetes 45, no. 6 (June 6, 2016): 931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-04-2015-0110.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – Since the construction of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) launched in 2002, the bilateral trade increased rapidly. The purpose of this paper is to test the competition and cooperation in trade relationships between China and the main trading partners (Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand (SMT)) from ASEAN in international trade under CAFTA. Design/methodology/approach – Grey Lotka-Volterra competition models are established for testing the trade relationships between China and SMT, respectively, based on the data of import and export from 2003 to 2014. To improve modeling accuracy, the interpolated coefficients for dynamic background value are introduced into the grey Lotka-Volterra model. The optimal parameters are solved through minimizing the mean absolute percentage error and the constraint of parameter relationships. Besides, eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix are adopted to carry out the stability of equilibrium points of the trade relationships. Findings – As the beneficiary party, China has mutual benefit and win-win trade relationship with Singapore, while it has predator-prey trade relationships with Malaysia and Thailand. The future exports from SMT to China will stabilize at 462.31, 598.13 and 447.03 billion dollars, respectively. The future exports from China to SMT will stabilize at 637.16, 943.71 and 827.52 billion dollars, respectively. Practical implications – This study can be regarded as an important reference for China and its trading partners from ASEAN. The modeling results can help the decision makers to formulate appropriate international trade strategies to gain and maintain competitive advantages. Originality/value – A new approach to testing the trade relationships is proposed based on grey Lotka-Volterra competition model. The study also proposed a dynamic optimization method for the background value of grey Lotka-Volterra model.
21
Liu, Yunhua, and Hang Luo. "Impact of Globalization on International Trade between ASEAN-5 and China: Opportunities and Challenges." Global Economy Journal 4, no. 1 (October 13, 2004): 1850015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1005.
Full textAbstract:
This paper evaluates the impact of China's WTO entry and the establishment of a free-trade agreement between China and ASEAN on the ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand). We examine the trade competition between the two regions using a market-share model and assess the impact of China's WTO entry on the ASEAN-5 with an exchange rate-tariff model, based on two-digit SITC data. It is found that for the period 1987 to 2000 the competition in trade only occurred between China and Singapore in manufacturing goods, while the competition between China and other four nations was in primary goods. The trade-widening opportunity between the two regions appears much larger than the competitive challenges for ASEAN-5 after the WTO entry of China and the establishment of FTA between ASEAN and China, impacts on different industries are evaluated.
22
Javed, Attiya Y., and Haseeb Ahmad Bhatti. "How to Live in a Textile Quota-free World." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (December 1, 2000): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.609-628.
Full textAbstract:
Its going to be an open arena, only fittest will survive, instead of governments, markets will determine whom to favour or not. There will be no textile quotas in the year 2005. The world has changed and it is going to change increasingly. It differs from the colonial patterns of trade and co-operation when only United Kingdom was the major player in the international trading arena. Now there are many leading trading nations in the world. In post World Trade Organisation era that is after January 1, 1995 at least on paper every country is equal partner in the global trading system. On ground there are big and small players in this equal paper partnership. United States continues to be the leading exporter and importer in the world with a share of 12.4 percent of total world exports and 18.0 percent of total world imports. The East Asian economies first tier, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan have climbed up on the Product Cycle ladder shifting from low value products to high value added exports like hi-tech electronics, the second tier of NIE’s Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines have diverse exporting patterns. Excluding Malaysia, others are exporters of textiles and clothing with many other products.
23
Uthathip, Narongkorn, Pornrapeepat Bhasaputra, and Woraratana Pattaraprakorn. "Stochastic Modelling to Analyze the Impact of Electric Vehicle Penetration in Thailand." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 5037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165037.
Full textAbstract:
Electric Vehicle (EV) technology is one of the most promising solutions to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. However, a large increase of EVs raises concerns about negative impacts on electricity generation, transmission, and distribution systems. This study analyzes the benefits and trade-offs for EV penetration in Thai road transport based on EV penetration scenarios from 2019 to 2036. Two charging strategies are considered to assess the impact of EV charging: free charging and off-peak charging. Uncertainty variables are considered by a stochastic approach based on Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS). The simulation results shown that the adoption of EVs can reduce both energy consumption and GHG emissions. The results also indicate that the increased load due to EV charging demand in all scenarios is still within the buffer level, compared to the installed generation capacity in the Power Development Plan 2018 revision 1 (PDP2018r1), and the off-peak charging strategy is more beneficial than the free-charging strategy. However, the increased load demand caused by all EV charging strategies has a direct impact on the power generating schedule, and also decreases the system reliability level.
24
Verma, Renu, and Jaidev Dubey. "What Does Gravity Model Reveal About SAFTA?" Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i3.60.
Full textAbstract:
During last decade, the stalemate in multilateral trade negotiations under the framework of World Trade Organization (WTO) regime has provided impetus to the signing of regional trade agreements world over .South Asia is not an exception to this trend and has been involved in setting up its own bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). Most commonly cited cooperation agreements are Agreement on Trade and Commerce between India and Bhutan(1972), India-Nepal Bilateral Trade and Transit Treaties(1991), India–Sri Lanka Bilateral Free Trade Area(1998) Bangkok Agreement (1975), Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation (BIMST-EC-2004) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association of Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC-1997). One of the most significant steps towards regional economic cooperation in the history of South Asian countries, was taken with signing of The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) formed in 1985 with the objective of exploiting “accelerated economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region†for the welfare of the peoples of South Asia. And then seven South Asian countries—Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—initiated a framework for region-wide integration under the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) in 1995. In order to further cement the regional economic relations and overcome some impediments of SAPTA, the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed in early 2004, which came into force on 1st July 2006. The SAFTA is a parallel initiative to the multilateral trade liberalization commitments of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries. SAFTA aims to reduce tariffs for intraregional trade among the seven SAARC member countries. It has been agreed that for the South Asian countries, Pakistan and India will eliminate all tariffs by 2012, Sri Lanka by 2013 and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal by 2015. The current paper is an attempt in assessing the potential trade in the region with latest dataset with Gravity model approach.
25
Bakhturazova, T. V., M. K. Mayorov, N. V. Mayorova, and D. A. Edelev. "THREATS TO INDUSTRIAL POLICY, TRADE AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN A GLOBAL EMERGENCY." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-4-42-46.
Full textAbstract:
The coronavirus epidemic 2019-nCoV in China has already led to a slowdown in the country’s economic growth and the fall of the yuan exchange rate on the stock exchanges. The Russian government has banned visa-free tourist trips between Russia and China and the issuance of work visas to Russia for Chinese citizens; Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Pakistan, and Italy have imposed similar bans. Great Britain, South Korea, Singapore and New Zealand have imposed quarantine for arrivals from China. Military aircrafts of Russia, India and Thailand take their citizens out of China. The US authorities have declared public health emergency and ban on the entry of all foreign citizens who have visited China over the past two weeks. This article gives forecast, how these measures of the governments will affect on global academic mobility and economic growth.
26
Rianita, Gusti Ayu Made Dian. "ANALISIS KOMPARASIDAN DAYA SAING EKSPOR KOPI ANTAR NEGARA ASEAN DALAM PERDAGANGANBEBASASEAN TAHUN 2002-2012." Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti 1, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jet.v1i2.13491.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyze the comparative and coffee export competitiveness among Asean countries in the ASEAN free trade in the year 2002-2012. In addition, to compare studies using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Panel Data . The factors used to see coffee exports include coffee prices ASEAN countries of origin, countries of origin of coffee production, exchange rate, acreage planted coffee origin countries, GDP per capita in the world. The results showed only country RCA Indonesia and Vietnam who have strong competitiveness on the export of coffee ( RCA > 1 ), Thailand and Phillipina has particularly RCA < 1 so it does not have a strong competitive edge. Test results of panel data shows the export of coffee in four ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines) are significantly influenced by the total production of coffee, coffee prices, and the GDP per capita in the world. These results using the alpha of ten percent. And in between all independent variables are used, the exchange rate and the planting area that does not have a statistically significant effect on the export of coffee in four ASEAN (Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Phillipina.
27
Praisakuldecha, Orathip. "The economic strategic cooperation between China –Thailand under the ASEAN–China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). In case of the situation between China –Thailand and the opportunities of Thailand after ACFTA completed." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 19, no. 05 (May 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1905052227.
Full text
28
Leonen, Marvic M. V. F., and Joseph Sedfrey S. Santiago. "Disparities in EIA Systems of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand: Implications for the ASEAN Free Trade Area." Asean Economic Bulletin 10, no. 2 (November 1993): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae10-2d.
Full text
29
Jain, Monika. "Was India Right in Not Joining RCEP? A Cost–Benefit Analysis." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 77, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 542–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749284211047728.
Full textAbstract:
India dropped out of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)—which included the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, China, South Korea, New Zealand, Japan and Australia—after negotiating for almost seven years in November 2018 on the grounds of national interest and also that free trade agreements (FTAs) did not amount to free trade and led to more trade diversion than trade creation. The cost and benefit of a regional agreement depend on the amount of trade creation with respect to trade diversion (Panagriya, 2000). This study tries to examine India’s concerns and, at the same time, highlights the cost of not joining RCEP. India’s trade deficit with 11 out of the 15 RCEP nations has been a major cause of concern. Unfavourable trade balance, concerns about the impact on dairy sector, economic slowdown, past experience with FTA’s, China factor, data localisation, rules of origin and the experience of ASEAN countries with Sino-FTA have been some of the reasons behind India’s decision to opt out of this mega multilateral agreement. Also, bilateral trade agreements with some RCEP countries such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and South Korea were operational. A multilateral trade agreement with ASEAN countries was very much in place. So, trade between India and 12 of the RCEP member countries would not have changed much after India’s inclusion in the RCEP. The impact of lower tariffs would have been evident for the remaining three countries: China, Australia and New Zealand. Furthermore, there was fear of a massive surge in imports of manufactures from China and dairy imports from Australia and New Zealand. This study also examines the long-term impact of this decision and if India has missed out on becoming a part of the global value chain and gaining greater market access in the Asia-Pacific region. India’s policy of import substitution and protectionism did not capitulate desired results in the past. Hence, a critical evaluation of India’s decision and some validation on her concerns and fears have been done.
30
Zhou, Yingying, Yunpei Hong, Baodong Cheng, and Lichun Xiong. "The Spatial Correlation and Driving Mechanism of Wood-Based Products Trade Network in RCEP Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810063.
Full textAbstract:
Clarifying the spatial correlation and driving mechanism of wood-based products trade network is conducive to promoting the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to a higher level. Firstly, we explored the characteristics of spatial correlation and evolution tendency of raw material-type wood-based products trade network (TN-WFPM) and product-type wood-based products trade network (TN-WFPP) from the overall characteristics, centrality, and node coreness of the networks according to social network analysis method. Then we analyzed the driving mechanism of the spatial correlation according to the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP). The results show that, compared with TN-WFPM, the density, reciprocity, and agglomeration of the TN-WFPP are relatively stronger. The centrality and evolution characteristics of RCEP countries are different in the networks. The coreness of China and Thailand in the TN-WFPP has always been in the top two, while the coreness of China, Japan, and Korea has increased significantly and China has been the top since 2010 in the TN-WFPM. Factors like cultural distance, forest resource endowment, forest certification area, economic scale, economic distance, and free trade agreements (FTA) have significant impacts on the spatial correlation of wood-based products trade among RCEP countries. Furthermore, the impacts of different factors on the two kinds of networks are heterogeneous.
31
Laosutsan, Pheesphan, Ganesh P. Shivakoti, and Peeyush Soni. "Comparative advantage and export potential of Thai vegetable products following the integration into the ASEAN Economic Community." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 4 (July 24, 2017): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0029.
Full textAbstract:
International trade, which is the exchange of capital, goods and services across international borders or territories, has contributed to the rapid global economic growth in recent decades. In Southeast Asia, the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian (ASEAN) Free Trade Area and the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community have benefited Thai entrepreneurs and other member countries’ as nearly all import restrictions are removed and market entry barriers lowered. The ASEAN is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region; and comprises 10 member states: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Specifically, this research has explored the possible economic impacts of trade liberalization and improved connectivity on Thailand’s exportation of 23 vegetable product groups to the ASEAN member states (AMSs) using the Revealed Comparative Advantage and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage indices based on the 2009-2013 datasets. In the analysis, the indices were applied to the 14 fresh and 9 preserved vegetable product groups from 15 countries (i.e. AMSs, Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, the USA) to determine their comparative advantages. The dendrogram was used to cluster the countries with regard to their ability to export the fresh and preserved vegetable products. In addition, the Boston Consulting Group matrix was utilized to determine the relative market positions of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetables. The analysis results identified four each of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetable product groups with high comparative advantage in the ASEAN market.
32
Verico, Kiki. "Direct Bilateral Free Trade Agreement (BFTA) to ASEAN's Intra-Regional Trade & lndividual Country's Investment Creation: The Case of Indonesia, Malaysia & Thailand 1988-2008." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 59, no. 2 (March 21, 2015): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/efi.v59i2.63.
Full text
33
Chandiramani, N. M. "Medical Tourism: Implications for India." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.89.1.030-038.
Full textAbstract:
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), an outcome of Bretton Woods Conference, was a trade pact to pursue the objective of free trade in goods. The 8th Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations launched in Punta Del Este in 1986 went well beyond trade in goods and extended to trade in areas like intellectual property, investment and services, resulting in agreements such as TRIPS, TRIMS and GATS. GATS, The General Agreement on Trade in Services, internationalized trade in services and gave a momentum to international trade in services, including healthcare services. The Agreement specifies the four modes of supply of services, one of these being consumption abroad. In this mode a consumer who needs services moves to the country offering the service as in the case of a student going overseas for higher education or a person seeking medical treatment in a foreign country. The GATS gave a boost to medical tourism in some Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and India.This Paper after distinguishing medical tourism from health/wellness tourism, traces the growth of medical tourism in Asian countries and points out the factors contributing to this growth. It then specifically highlights the reasons why India has become the preferred destination for medical tourism. What follows is a critical analysis of the opportunities and challenges posed by medical tourism for India. It concludes by opining that internationalization of healthcare services in India should not be at the cost of health injustice to the Indians, especially for those who need health justice the most!
34
Kojima, Michikazu. "The Diffusion of Remanufacturing Policies in Asia." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 6 (November 5, 2022): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0824.
Full textAbstract:
Remanufacturing policies have been gradually introduced in Asian countries, such as China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. This paper reviews the process of diffusion of remanufacturing policy in Asia. The mechanism of this diffusion is also discussed. The United States began to promote the idea of remanufacturing around the year 2000 through bilateral free trade agreements with Asian countries and international forums such as G8 and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). This paper reviews the various efforts on remanufacturing in Asian countries and discusses policy options for promoting remanufacturing. It is crucial to identify the ways to promote remanufacturing in each country in the region to improve resource efficacy and strengthen the circular economy in Asia.
35
Khaldun, Riady Ibnu. "Peran Penting Pemerintah Indonesia Untuk Memanfaatkan Kembali Kesempatan dalam ACFTA." Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/resolusi.v5i2.3596.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dalam memanfaatkan kesempatan yang tersedia pada kesepakatan ASEAN China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) dengan semaksimal mungkin. Pada dasarnya, ACFTA sejatinya membuka kesempatan besar bagi masing-masing negara untuk dapat meraih keuntungan dalam sistem perdagangan. China beserta negara-negara anggota ASEAN seperti Malaysia, Singapura, Filipina, Vietnam, Thailand, dan beberapa negara lainnya telah bersepakat secara bersama-sama untuk menyetujui penerapan sistem perdagangan bebas dengan meminimalisir berbagai hambatan perdagangan baik tarif maupun non-tarif. Tujuan dalam kesekapatan tersebut pada dasarnya adalah untuk membangun hubungan yang harmonis di antara kedua belah pihak, dilanjutkan dengan mendorong peningkatan akses pasar dalam sistem perdagangan internasional, mendorong peningkatan investasi serta kerjasama ekonomi, dan terwujudnya kesejahteraan masyarakat baik ASEAN maupun China. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif di mana data yang digunakan yakni berupa data sekunder yang berasal dari berbagai literatur baik penelitian terdahulu, berita yang terpublikasi secara online dan offline, maupun sumber data lainnya yang sangat penting untuk mendukung kesuksesan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan dengan optimal potensi yang tersedia dalam kesekapatan ASEAN China Free Trade Area baik dari pemanfaatan ruang bagi produk unggulan dalam negeri untuk dipasarkan, peningkatkan investasi asing, maupun berbagai bentuk kerjasama ekonomi lainnya yang dapat mendorong terciptanya kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia.
36
Suryanta, Barli. "THE DYNAMICS SPILLOVER OF TRADE BETWEEN INDONESIA AND ITS COUNTERPARTS IN TERMS OF AFTA 2015 : A MODIFIED GRAVITY EQUATION APPROACH." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 15, no. 2 (December 27, 2012): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v15i2.422.
Full textAbstract:
The forthcoming 2015, ASEAN is being confident to implement ASEAN Free Trade (AFTA). The existence of AFTA is to outstrip trade liberalization due to augment trade volume significantly and transaction easing as well among the members of AFTA, mainly by inducing lower tariffs some certain commodities up to 0%. This paper is conducted in order to examine on what prominent commodity of Indonesia compared to its counterparts namely Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. These Indonesia counterparts are selected therefore they were the founding of ASEAN. Furthermore, this paper utilizes a modified Gravity Equation model. This model has an effort to estimate the significance of some parameters of variable from model equation. Thus, it can be detected that what are from these variables from a model equation being as a key determination factor to influence trading transactions. This paper also assesses the adjusted R-squared due to which Indonesia counterparts incur some vantage points as well as beneficial for Indonesia in terms of AFTA. The novelty contribution of this paper is to reveal the dynamics trade spillover between Indonesia some strategic sectors and its counterparts. By doing so, Indonesia is expected to be a dominant player in AFTA 2015 and taking some advantageous from AFTA into Indonesia account. Keywords: AFTA 2015, a modified gravity equation model, analysis of data panelJEL Classification: C33, C51, F15
37
Suryanta, Barli. "APLIKASI REJIM PERSAMAAN MODEL GRAVITASI YANG TELAH DIRUBAH PADA KASUS DINAMIKA ARUS PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA DENGAN MITRA DAGANG DARI ASEAN." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 15, no. 2 (December 27, 2012): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v15i2.62.
Full textAbstract:
The forthcoming 2015, ASEAN is being confident to implement ASEAN Free Trade (AFTA). The existence of AFTA is to outstrip trade liberalization due to augment trade volume significantly and transaction easing as well among the members of AFTA, mainly by inducing lower tariffs some certain commodities up to 0%. This paper is conducted in order to examine on what prominent commodity of Indonesia compared to its counterparts namely Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. These Indonesia counterparts are selected therefore they were the founding of ASEAN. Furthermore, this paper utilizes a modified Gravity Equation model. This model has an effort to estimate the significance of some parameters of variable from model equation. Thus, it can be detected that what are from these variables from a model equation being as a key determination factor to influence trading transactions. This paper also assesses the adjusted R-squared due to which Indonesia counterparts incur some vantage points as well as beneficial for Indonesia in terms of AFTA. The novelty contribution of this paper is to reveal the dynamics trade spillover between Indonesia some strategic sectors and its counterparts. By doing so, Indonesia is expected to be a dominant player in AFTA 2015 and taking some advantageous from AFTA into Indonesia account.Keywords: AFTA 2015, a modified gravity equation model, analysis of data panelJEL Classification: C33, C51, F15
38
Pelkmans, Jacques. "Asean and EC-1992." National Institute Economic Review 134 (November 1990): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013400109.
Full textAbstract:
ASEAN, the Association of South East Asian Nations, comprises the fastest growing countries of the world economy. Apart from including the only NIE (newly industrialising economy), not having encountered domestic political or social growth constraints—Singapore, with 11 per cent real growth in 1988, 9.2 per cent in 1989 and 10 per cent, first quarter 1990—it consists of recent record holder Thailand (with growth rates above 10 per cent for three years), Malaysia (growth in the 7 per cent—9 per cent range), Indonesia (recent growth 6–7 per cent), Philippines (oscillating growth due to internal instability) and Brunei (an oil-exporting sultanate). The ASEAN countries do not owe their growth to the integration of ASEAN countries into a free trade area, a customs union or a common market. Intra-group trade liberalisation and economic cooperation are still modest. These growth marvels owe their performance to exports, especially to the OECD countries. The quality and very high growth rates of exports were and still are fostered by foreign investment and imports of intermediate inputs from the target markets.
39
Wulandari, Devi Tri, Lilis Yuliati, and Siti Komariyah. "Bilateral Trade Analysis of ASEAN and China Countries in ACFTA Cooperation (Gr avity Model Approach)." Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 7 (February 18, 2022): 842–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.103.
Full textAbstract:
At the end of 2001 ASEAN and China agreed on free trade in Bandar Sri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, known as the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Periodically, ASEAN and China make agreements, one of the goals of which is to eliminate or cut barriers to trade in goods, both tariffs and non-tariffs. Under ACFTA, tariff reduction began in July 2005 and aims to cut import duties to zero by 2010 on about four thousand types of goods for the relatively developed ASEAN countries namely Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines and Brunei. The Gravity Model predicts trade based on distances and interactions between countries in terms of their economic size. The Gravity Model in economics imitates Newton's law of gravity which also takes into account the physical distance and size between two objects. The application of this model to explain economic phenomena regarding the interaction between the two countries has been widely carried out by economists. The study uses panel data from China and ASEAN6 in the 2010-2020 research period with ASEAN6 exports to China as the dependent variable, and the independent variables include the GDP of the destination country and the country of origin, economic distance proxied in the form of transportation tariffs, exchange rates and economic openness. Panel data regression analysis was used to see the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable by determining the best model (common effect, fixed effect, random effect) and the classical assumption test performed was the multicollinearity test and the heteroscedasticity test. The results showed that the GDP of destination and origin countries, distance, and exchange rates significantly affected the export value of ASEAN6 to China. Meanwhile, economic openness has no significant effect on the value of ASEAN6 exports to China.
40
., Asni. "Effect of Corruption in ASEAN (Case Study 4 ASEAN Countries)." Journal of Legal Subjects, no. 23 (May 25, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls23.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
Corruption is a global problem that is always a debate in all countries. Corruption has existed for a long time and it is a problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Many sectors are harmed by the attitude and behavior of corruption, and this greatly affects the economic growth of a country and can reduce the economic growth of a country. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the impact of corruption in ASEAN countries in 2016-2021 by using panel data to conduct the FEM test. The objects of research are Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and the Philippines. This study shows that economic growth in several ASEAN countries is influenced by the corruption perception index and has a positive effect on economic growth. In addition, government spending and consumption have a positive effect on economic growth, while free trade has a negative effect on economic growth.
41
., Asni. "Effect of Corruption in ASEAN (Case Study 4 ASEAN Countries)." Journal of Legal Subjects, no. 23 (May 25, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls231.5.
Full textAbstract:
Corruption is a global problem that is always a debate in all countries. Corruption has existed for a long time and it is a problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Many sectors are harmed by the attitude and behavior of corruption, and this greatly affects the economic growth of a country and can reduce the economic growth of a country. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the impact of corruption in ASEAN countries in 2016-2021 by using panel data to conduct the FEM test. The objects of research are Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and the Philippines. This study shows that economic growth in several ASEAN countries is influenced by the corruption perception index and has a positive effect on economic growth. In addition, government spending and consumption have a positive effect on economic growth, while free trade has a negative effect on economic growth.
42
Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira, and Dwi Ardiyanti. "Peningkatan Pemahaman Tentang Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA) Pada Generasi Muda." Amal Ilmiah : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/amalilmiah.v1i2.9636.
Full textAbstract:
Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) memiliki pola integrasi ekonomi antara negara-negara anggota ASEAN dengan cara membentuk sistem perdagangan bebas atau free trade. Bukan hanya terintegrasi di bidang ekonomi, namun juga sosial dan politik. MEA adalah istilah yang hadir di Indonesia yang memiliki dasar yang sama dengan AEC atau ASEAN Economic Community. Dengan digulirkannya MEA pada penghujung 2015 lalu, merupakan titik awal bagi setiap negara anggota ASEAN yang terdiri dari Brunei Darussalam, Filipina, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore, Vietnam, dan Indonesia, dimana kesepuluh negara tersebut meleburkan batas teritori wilayahnya kedalam sebuah pasar bebas. MEA yang merupakan pasar tunggal di kawasan ASEAN adalah wujud baru bagi politik luar negeri Indonesia dalam interaksinya dengan negara-negara anggota ASEAN lain.Pentingnya pemahaman tentang Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) pada generasi muda dikarenakan mereka merupakan orang yang akan terkena dampak langsung. Secara teoritis peningkatan pemahaman tentang Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) pada generasi muda merupakan salah satu wujud membangun Indonesia yang lebih maju.
43
Chakravorty, N. N. Tarun. "The Development Surprise of Bangladesh: Its Implications for Other Bay-of-Bengal and Andaman Sea Rim Nations." South Asian Survey 25, no. 1-2 (March 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971523119829614.
Full textAbstract:
There is a mix of growth and development patterns in the region of Bay-of-Bengal and the Andaman Sea (BoBAS) rim countries, for example, pathways to Bangladesh’s exceptional human development achievements despite low per capita income may be a good example for Myanmar, Indonesia and India to follow, and success in governance improvement and high income per capita achieved by Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore may provide good lessons for others. This article investigates the drivers of Bangladesh’s human and social development so that other countries in this region, lagging in development, may learn to benefit from each other on various dimensions of growth and development in the framework of regional cooperation and concerted efforts, which might be the initial stage of forming a trade union or economic zone. This study finds that non-governmental initiatives offering low-cost or free contraceptives, healthcare and schooling, and women empowerment made this development possible in Bangladesh. JEL Classification: O11, O57
44
Pasciana, Rostiena, and Ieke Sartika Iriany. "Asean Integration In Improving Indonesian Women Education: A Literature Review." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik dan Humaniora 1, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v1i2.16.
Full textAbstract:
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia established in Bangkok, Thailand, on August 8, 1967 under the Bangkok Declaration by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. For more th an five decades ASEAN has experienced many positive and significant developments towards a more integrative and forward - looking stage with the establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015. The ASEAN Community not only affects the economic sector, but also other sectors, including "education" as an effort to build competitive human resources. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) challenges in education that will be faced are the proliferation o f foreign educational institutions, standardization of orientation in education, which is pro - market, and markets labor that will be flooded by foreign workers. Therefore, the era of ASEAN free trade should be welcomed by the world of education quickly, so that the human resources (HR) of Indonesia, especially by women who still have low resource. They should be prepared for facing an intense competition with other countries. ASEAN countries have considered synchronizing the certification standards, streng thening, and improving the skills and knowledge of ASEAN youth and women in the regional integration process. Therefore, ASEAN countries have always been active in encouraging cooperative relations in various levels of education and training, at the same t ime encouraging all organizations and schools in each country to seek cooperation partners in other countries of the ASEAN region.
45
Ilhamdi, Ilhamdi, Rina Oktaviani, and Yeti Lis Purnamadewi. "PENGARUH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DAN AFTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTORAL DI ASEAN 5." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.4.2.2015.140-152.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) on sectoral employment in ASEAN 5. The analysis focused on five main sectors, namely agriculture, mining, manufacturing, construction and service sectors. This paper uses panel data approach with Fixed Effect Model. Variable used include employment as an edogenous variable, while GDP, wages and AFTA as exogenous variables. Cross section data that are used in this study consist of ASEAN 5 countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam with periods of observation as much as 9 years, from 2006 until 2014.The result of this paper that FDI, GDP, wages and AFTA have different impacts in each sector. FDI has positive impact on employment in service sector. GDP has positive impact on employment in manufacturing, construction and service sectors. While GDP in the agricultural and mining sectors has negative impact on employment. The wage has a positive impact on employment in the mining and agricultural sectors. ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) that took place in 2010 has a positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and mining sectors.Foreign Direct Investment is one factor to overcome employment issues in ASEAN 5, especially in service sector. While GDP becomes an important variable in enhancing ASEAN 5 employment in the manufacturing, construction and services. Increasing wages can be applied on agriculture and mining as it has a positive impact on employment. AFTA that has taken place is proper policy for the ASEAN 5 to encourage economic growth in the mining and manufacturing sectors that have an impact on increasing demand of labor in the sector.
46
Ilhamdi, Ilhamdi, Rina Oktaviani, and Yeti Lis Purnamadewi. "PENGARUH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DAN AFTA TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTORAL DI ASEAN 5." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.4.2.140-152.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) on sectoral employment in ASEAN 5. The analysis focused on five main sectors, namely agriculture, mining, manufacturing, construction and service sectors. This paper uses panel data approach with Fixed Effect Model. Variable used include employment as an edogenous variable, while GDP, wages and AFTA as exogenous variables. Cross section data that are used in this study consist of ASEAN 5 countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam with periods of observation as much as 9 years, from 2006 until 2014.The result of this paper that FDI, GDP, wages and AFTA have different impacts in each sector. FDI has positive impact on employment in service sector. GDP has positive impact on employment in manufacturing, construction and service sectors. While GDP in the agricultural and mining sectors has negative impact on employment. The wage has a positive impact on employment in the mining and agricultural sectors. ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) that took place in 2010 has a positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and mining sectors.Foreign Direct Investment is one factor to overcome employment issues in ASEAN 5, especially in service sector. While GDP becomes an important variable in enhancing ASEAN 5 employment in the manufacturing, construction and services. Increasing wages can be applied on agriculture and mining as it has a positive impact on employment. AFTA that has taken place is proper policy for the ASEAN 5 to encourage economic growth in the mining and manufacturing sectors that have an impact on increasing demand of labor in the sector.
47
Putri, Resha Roshana, An-An Chandrawulan, and Prita Amalia. "PERINGKAT ARUS INVESTASI INDONESIA DALAM KERANGKA ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (PERBANDINGAN DENGAN SINGAPURA, MALAYSIA, THAILAND, DAN VIETNAM) DITINJAU DARI PRINSIP FAIR AND EQUITABLE TREATMENT." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 48, no. 2 (September 7, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol48.no2.1664.
Full text
48
Rogozhin, A. A. "Southeast Asia and Africa – Trade and Investment Relations in the XXIst Century." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-200-218.
Full textAbstract:
In the twenty-first century African countries have not only taken a significant step forward in their economic development as a whole, but have also strengthened their positions in the world economy. One manifestation of this is the emergence of new foreign economic partners for African countries. African countries have become more interesting, not only for Asian giants – China and India, but also for Southeast Asia countries, which have just recently started their outward expansion. The main purpose of this study is to create an initial, most general panorama of how trade and investment relations between the Southeast Asian and African countries developed in the new century. As regard for trade, we used a quite complete statistical database under the auspices of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Southeast Asia was represented by all 10 of ASEAN member-countries. The African continent was portrayed by 47 countries. A comprehensive analysis of the statistical data showed that the trade operations of Southeast Asian countries with their African partners were profitable for them: in 2010–2016 they had a permanent surplus on these operations. It was found that in 2010–2016. the main partners of African countries were Thailand (with turnover of 69 billion dollars.). Singapore ($64 billion)) and Malaysia ($48 billion).). Companies from Southeast Asian countries expect to expand on the African continent, taking into account, in particular, the following factors: the need to enlarge and diversify their imports of oil and gas. as well as some types of industrial raw materials that are not available in Southeast Asia; constantly growing opportunities to expand exports of their goods, in order to meet growing consumer demand in African countries; Southeast Asian exporters expect a significant expansion of their exports following the entry into force of the African Continental Free Trade Area) in 2022. As for investment links, we were forced to gather by trifles everything concerned about Southeast Asian investments on African continent. Reliable generalizing statistics on this segment of economic relations either do not exist, or it is not available to research community. As a result of monitoring of investment contacts, it was possible to collect the final material giving a short overview of this process.
49
Alsagoff, Syed Sagoff, and Rahmah Ismail. "TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND CONSUMER VULNERABILITY: A LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON LEGISLATIONS AND TESTING MECHANISM FOR ASEAN PRODUCT SAFETY DIRECTIVE." Sriwijaya Law Review 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol1.iss1.6.pp001-026.
Full textAbstract:
Since its inception in 1967 ASEAN has advanced in great leaps in the economic sector luring new member states into its pact. From a mere five member states (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines) ASEAN has today managed to entice five other neighbouring states (Brunei 1984, Vietnam 1995, Laos & Myanmar 1997, Cambodia 1999) into its pact transforming itself into union of ten member states with a consumer population expected to exceed 600 million people. In order to ensure sustainability amid global challenges, member states have engrossed ASEAN Charter in 2007 with a view of creating an ASEAN Economic Community by 2015 that is robust, competitive and sustainable. At this juncture, ASEAN has to realize that like any trade liberalization initiatives, goods moved readily and freely throughout the free-trade area that is facilitated by a lucrative non-barrier tariffs incentives. This vision of a single market which creates a frontier without borders can prove to be advantageous to member states only if they have the required vehicle that is able to overcome the drawback of its progression through harmonization and synchronization efforts that is effective and successful. Like everything else, every advantage has some disadvantages attached to it. This article will address important determining factors that are crucial in the development and scope of proposed ASEAN Product Safety Directive including reviewing relevant determining factors such as regional stability, consumer protection legislations and standard and testing agencies of which one without the other will be incomplete. The proposals suggested in this article will strengthen and unite ASEAN in overcoming unsafe product issues at ASEAN level.
50
Maulana, Adi. "THE EDUCATION RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN CHINA AND INDONESIA AS ASEAN MEMBER." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.3.1.13-24.
Full textAbstract:
China and ASEAN have long history on their relationship. One of ASEAN countries, Indonesia, along with China are two big countries in Asia with similar national interests and objectives in partnership, which are peace and prosperity of G20, APEC, 10+1, and 10+3, in which Indonesia is an active participant. One of the cooperation between China and ASEAN is through education. Indonesia may promote student exchange as well as proposing the idea of students exchange in various forums such as ASEAN-China free-trade, culture, tourism, education and many others. However, the data shown that the proportion of ASEAN students in China do not reflect the proportion of population of each ASEAN countries. �Indonesia, the largest country by population, only sends the second biggest number of students to China behind Thailand, which puts the most students in China Education. �This paper discusses the ups and downs of Indonesia-China relationship in education. SWOT analysis is used to see Indonesia-China relationship in the perspective of ASEAN. It can be concluded that cooperation among countries is inevitable measure facing the more challenging world. However the rough past has created mistrust and prejudice on both sides. But the need to collaborate has shown to be beneficial in promoting education cooperation.