Relevant bibliographies by topics / Free trade – Jordan

Academic literature on the topic 'Free trade – Jordan'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Free trade – Jordan"

1

Malpani, Rohit. "All Costs, No Benefits: How the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement Affects Access to Medicines." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 6, no. 3 (May 2009): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jgm.2009.13.

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The US-Jordan free trade agreement and Jordan's terms of World Trade Organization accession introduced Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)-plus rules to the country's intellectual property (IP) law. This paper examines the benefits and consequences of TRIPS-plus rules and reports numerous negative consequences. In particular, data exclusivity, a TRIPS-plus rule, delayed generic competition for 79 per cent of medicines launched by multinational pharmaceutical companies between 2002 and mid-2006, which otherwise would have been available in an inexpensive, generic form. The public health system and individuals, owing to a lack of generic competition, had to pay higher prices for new medicines. There have been no benefits from introducing strict IP rules in Jordan. There has been nearly no foreign direct investment by drug companies into Jordan between 2002 and mid-2006 to develop medicines with local companies. TRIPS-plus rules have not encouraged Jordanian generic companies to engage in research and development for medicines. Finally, new product launches in Jordan are only a fraction of total product launches in the United States and the European Union and are unaffordable for ordinary people. TRIPS-plus rules contributed to a 20 per cent increase in medicine prices between 2002 and 2006. Higher medicine prices will strain Jordan's public health system and require significant out-of-pocket expenditure that will harm the poorest.
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Awad-Warrad, Taleb, and Murad Ahmad Al Tarawneh. "The Impact of Jordan Free Trade Agreements on Trade Flows." International Journal of Business and Economics Research 9, no. 4 (2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20200904.19.

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Malkawi, Bashar H. "U.S. Trade Relations with Arab Countries: Past, Present, and Future." Global Jurist 9, no. 2 (January 16, 2009): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1934-2640.1298.

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Arab countries have adopted market economy principles and pursued policies designed to strengthen their economies. The cornerstone of Arab countries' long-term economic objectives has been to increase trade and support economic growth via regional and global integration. To this end, Arab countries are attempting to broaden their engagement in the multilateral trading system by joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). In addition, some Arab countries entered into trade arrangements with the United States (U.S.) to foster economic development, attract investment, and develop peaceful relationship. These trade agreements carry several implications for local economies.The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of the trade agreements signed between the U.S. and Arab countries on the economic and legal regimes of the latter. The paper will proceed in two main parts. The first part analyzes the preferential trade arrangement known as "Qualifying Industrial Zones" created between the U.S on the one hand and Jordan, Israel, and Egypt on the other hand. It discusses the general rules of qualifying industrial zones program and the impact of these zones on local production and employment. The second part discusses trade agreements concluded between the U.S. and Arab countries. The emphasis will be on the U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement as it is considered the template for future agreements signed between the U.S. and other Arab countries. The paper analyzes the most important provisions of the U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement and their implications. Then, the paper will analyze trade agreements between the U.S. and other Arab countries. The paper argues that, while current trade programs between the U.S. and those Arab countries analyzed in the paper required difficult reforms in their domestic laws and led some negative consequence, on balance; these trade programs increased trade and created employment opportunities.
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Ma, Fang. "Editorial: New developments in corporate law and governance." Corporate Law and Governance Review 4, no. 2 (2023): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/clgrv4i2editorial.

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This new issue contains articles that deal with both theoretical and practical aspects related to corporate law and corporate governance in countries such as India, Indonesia, Greece, Jordan, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A wide range of fascinating topics is covered, including corporate social responsibility (CSR), bribery, cryptocurrency and money laundering, free trade agreements (FTAs), and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Abbas, Shujaat, and Abdul Waheed. "Pakistan’s Global Trade Potential: A Gravity Model Approach." Global Business Review 20, no. 6 (July 31, 2019): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150919848936.

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The international trade of Pakistan is highly concentrated on a few goods and markets. This study investigates macroeconomic behaviour of trade flow and explores potential trade markets for Pakistan using an augmented gravity model on a large panel of 47 cross-sections from 1980 to 2013. The result of standard gravity variables shows consistent findings with statistically significant t-statistics, whereas augmented variables reveal that relative price has a positive impact with lower price elasticity. The result of binary variables shows that Pakistan’s trade is more with countries having the same language, whereas lower trade is observed with bordering countries. The result of South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) revealed ineffectiveness of regional integration on the creation of trade for Pakistan, whereas, bilateral free trade agreements (BFTAs) have created considerable trade. The finding of trade potential revealed exhausted potential with major trading partners and there is a need for greater trade diversification from exhausted to potential countries. It has higher untapped potential with Nepal, Iraq, India, Philippines and Jordan, respectively, in Asia, whereas European countries have the highest potential. The results concluded that Pakistan can diversify its trade from exhausted to potential countries through individual BFTAs and multilateral free trade agreements. South Asian countries should address their disputes and revisit SAFTA aiming to improve regional trade and growth.
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Malkawi, B. H. "E-Commerce in Light of International Trade Agreements: The WTO and the United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2006): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eal017.

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7

Maghyereh, Aktham, and Hiatham Al-Zuobi. "Free trade agreements and equity market integration: the case of the US and Jordan." Applied Financial Economics 15, no. 14 (October 2005): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603100500120654.

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8

Lobell, Steven E. "The Second Face of American Security: The US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement as Security Policy." Comparative Strategy 27, no. 1 (February 6, 2008): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495930701839795.

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9

Nawafleh, Abdullah S. "Contribution of Business Law Reform to Economic Development: Lessons from the Middle East." European Business Law Review 23, Issue 2 (March 1, 2012): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2012017.

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This paper explores whether business law reforms in Arab countries have contributed to their economic development, business legal environment and integration into the international market. Using Jordan as an example, it explores the role of law in economic development in the region. The analysis finds that the Jordanian legal reform has led the country to participate in international markets, by incorporating international legal norms into its own legislation. This legislative reform has also contributed to economic development, allowing Jordan to join the World Trade Organization and enter into Free Trade Agreements, such as those with the United States and the European Union. In addition, the paper shows that other Arab countries, such as Saudi Arabia, that reformed their business regulations led them to join the World Trade Organization and to be ranked amongst the top 25 countries worldwide on their business ease. In contrast, other Arab countries which lack law and its enforcement have been reported to be the worst places in the Middle East to do business. As a result this paper suggests that the Arab Middle Eastern countries should continue in reforming their legal system to make it less rigid for business, to create more jobs, increase productivity and ultimately achieve economic growth.
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Malkawi, Bashar H. "The Intellectual Property Provisions of the United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement: Template or Not Template." Journal of World Intellectual Property 9, no. 2 (March 2006): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1422-2213.2006.00275.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free trade – Jordan"

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Garrastazu, Antonio. "Interest Groups and the Politics of Trade after the Cold War: The Case of the U.S.-Jordan, Singapore and Chile Free Trade Agreements." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/40.

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The politics of trade after the Cold War has transformed United States foreign policy. In fact, given the surge of interest in free trade agreements (FTAs) and the far-reaching political and economic repercussions of globalization, this thesis argues that the post-Cold War period, reinforced by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, constitute a critical juncture in the history of U.S. international economic policy and trade diplomacy. The U.S. began to seek FTAs after 1989 as a way to maintain its strategic influence in international relations and counterbalance the formation of trading blocs such as the European Union (EU). Yet, despite its hegemony, the U.S. has succeeded in negotiating and implementing relatively few FTAs. Addressing this paradox, this dissertation seeks to answer two basic questions: First, why does the U.S. have relatively few FTAs compared to other economically powerful countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD)? Second, why has the U.S. taken longer to negotiate and conclude certain FTAs over others? These questions will be examined by analyzing the evolution of interest group coalitions and the persistent conflict surrounding FTAs and international trade in general since the end of the Cold War. To further this analysis, the dissertation will study the influence of interest groups, bureaucratic politics, and the role of institutions, as well as the interaction among state and civil society actors, on the politics of trade. The dissertation will focus on the immediate aftermath of the Cold War period, which set the tone for current U.S. trade policy, and will examine the negotiations leading to the agreements signed with Jordan, Singapore, and Chile.
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Nesheiwat, Ferris K. "The compliance with intellectual property laws and their enforcement in Jordan : a post-WTO review & analysis." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3639/.

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This thesis examines the implementation, enforcement and evolution of IP laws and regulations in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The period of interest includes the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty first century, with emphasis on the role played by Free Trade Agreements struck between Jordan and the United States, the European Union, and Jordan’s accession to the World Trade Organization. This thesis also examines the enforcement of the current set of IP laws in Jordan, and looks at their social and economic compatibility with the Jordanian societal norms and economic realities. This thesis argues that Jordanian IP laws lack a meaningful social and economic texture, and have failed to be evenly enforced in Jordan, essentially because they do not fit the Jordanian culture and are not compatible with Jordan’s economic stage of development. Additionally, the thesis argues that IP laws have had insignificant economic impact on the Jordanian economy as the majority of technologies used in Jordan, and the majority of foreign direct investments attracted to Jordan, are not IP related. Finally, the thesis argues that the current Jordanian enforcement model, which is built on coercion by donor countries, is serving the interests of foreign companies to the exclusion of the local citizens, and will not, in the long run, produce an enforcement model based on self-regulation by Jordanians, themselves. The laws, therefore, are unable to produce tangible results for the Jordanian people, or help meet their economic interests. The last part of the thesis deals with recommendations and suggestions aimed at creating an integrated approach to the adoption of IP policies.
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Books on the topic "Free trade – Jordan"

1

GOVERNMENT, US. An Act to Implement the Agreement Establishing a United States-Jordan Free Trade Area. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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2

Jordan free trade agreement: Hearing before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, March 20, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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Tovias, Alfred. An empirical estimation of the economic effects of a bilateral free trade area agreement between Israel and Jordan in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership. Badia Fiesolana, San Domenico (FI): European University Institute, 2003.

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4

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act: Report (to accompany S. 643) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act: Report (to accompany S. 643) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act: Report (to accompany S. 643) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act: Report (to accompany S. 643) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act: Report (to accompany S. 643) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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9

Hoekman, Bernard. Effective protection and investment incentives in Egypt and Jordan during the transition to free trade with Europe. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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10

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act: Report together with additional views (to accompany H.R. 2603) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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