Academic literature on the topic 'Free-Sugar Company'
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Journal articles on the topic "Free-Sugar Company"
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Lees, Lynn Hollen. "International Management in a Free-Standing Company: The Penang Sugar Estates, Ltd., and the Malayan Sugar Industry, 1851–1914." Business History Review 81, no. 1 (2007): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500036242.
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Although free-standing companies helped facilitate international capital flows in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, their ability to operate effectively over the long run in a global economy has been questioned. This essay looks at one free-standing company, the Penang Sugar Estates, Ltd., in British Malaya to assess its managerial performance and strategies for transferring information. Through diversification, subcontracting, reorganization, and increased tolerance for local knowledge, the firm surmounted the information asymmetries that gave trouble during its early decades and increased profits. The Malayan sugar industry benefited from its imperial location, which brought significant advantages.
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Wang, Y., L. Lin, and H. Chen. "Assessing the economic impacts of drought from the perspective of profit loss rate: a case study of the sugar industry in China." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 2 (February 23, 2015): 1527–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-1527-2015.
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Abstract. Natural disasters have enormous impacts on human society, especially on the development of the economy. To support decision making in mitigation and adaption to natural disasters, assessment of economic impacts is fundamental and of great significance. Based on a review of the literature of economic impact evaluation, this paper proposes a new assessment model of economic impact from drought by using the sugar industry in China as a case study, which focuses on the generation and transfer of economic impacts along a simple value chain involving only sugarcane growers and a sugar producing company. A perspective of profit loss rate is applied to scale economic impact with a model based on cost-and-benefit analysis. By using analysis of "with-and-without", profit loss is defined as the difference in profits between disaster-hit and disaster-free scenarios. To calculate profit, analysis on a time series of sugar price is applied. With the support of a linear regression model, an endogenous trend in sugar price is identified, and the time series of sugar price "without" disaster is obtained using an autoregressive error model to separate impact by disasters from the internal trend in sugar price. Unlike the settings in other assessment models, representative sugar prices, which represent value level in disaster-free condition and disaster-hit condition, are integrated from a long time series that covers the whole period of drought. As a result, it is found that in a rigid farming contract, sugarcane growers suffer far more than the sugar company when impacted by severe drought, which may promote the reflections on economic equality among various economic bodies at the occurrence of natural disasters.
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Wang, Y., L. Lin, and H. Chen. "Assessing the economic impacts of drought from the perspective of profit loss rate: a case study of the sugar industry in China." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 23, 2015): 1603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1603-2015.
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Abstract. Natural disasters have enormous impacts on human society, especially on the development of the economy. To support decision-making in mitigation and adaption to natural disasters, assessment of economic impacts is fundamental and of great significance. Based on a review of the literature on economic impact evaluation, this paper proposes a new assessment model of the economic impacts of droughts by using the sugar industry in China as a case study, which focuses on the generation and transfer of economic impacts along a simple value chain involving only sugarcane growers and a sugar-producing company. A perspective of profit loss rate is applied to scale economic impact. By using "with and without" analysis, profit loss is defined as the difference in profits between disaster-hit and disaster-free scenarios. To calculate profit, analysis of a time series of sugar price is applied. With the support of a linear regression model, an endogenous trend in sugar price is identified and the time series of sugar price "without" disaster is obtained, using an autoregressive error model to separate impact of disasters from the internal trend in sugar price. Unlike the settings in other assessment models, representative sugar prices, which represent value level in disaster-free conditions and disaster-hit conditions, are integrated from a long time series that covers the whole period of drought. As a result, it is found that in a rigid farming contract, sugarcane growers suffer far more than the sugar company when impacted by severe drought, which may promote reflections among various economic bodies on economic equality related to the occurrence of natural disasters. Further, sensitivity analysis of the model built reveals that sugarcane purchase price has a significant influence on profit loss rate, which implies that setting a proper sugarcane purchase price would be an effective way of realizing economic equality in future practice of contract farming.
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Girish Babu, K. L., Geeta Maruti Doddamani, and Kumaraswamy Naik L.R. "Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediatricians regarding pediatric liquid medicaments." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 01 (January 2017): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_222_16.
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ABSTRACT Objective:To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediatricians regarding pediatric liquid medicaments (PLMs) and its effect on dental health.Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 103 pediatricians was asked to answer a questionnaire.Results: A total number of 87 pediatricians completed the questionnaires. They considered age and body weight of the child (58%), cost of the medicine (40%), and pharmaceutical company (37%) to be relevant while prescribing. Eighty-eight percent of pediatricians knew that the PLM was sweet in nature. Sixty-seven percent of pediatricians stated that pH of PLM is responsible for deleterious effect on teeth. Seventy-two percent of pediatricians were aware of hidden sugars present in PLM. Only 48% of pediatricians were aware of availability of sugar-free medicine. Seventy percent of pediatricians were of the opinion that sugar-free medicine is not as sweet as sugar-containing medicines and is more expensive (65%).Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediatricians regarding PLMs and its effect on dental health were not satisfactory.
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Bandy, Lauren K., Peter Scarborough, Richard A. Harrington, Mike Rayner, and Susan A. Jebb. "The sugar content of foods in the UK by category and company: A repeated cross-sectional study, 2015-2018." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): e1003647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003647.
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Background Consumption of free sugars in the UK greatly exceeds dietary recommendations. Public Health England (PHE) has set voluntary targets for industry to reduce the sales-weighted mean sugar content of key food categories contributing to sugar intake by 5% by 2018 and 20% by 2020. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the sales-weighted mean sugar content and total volume sales of sugar in selected food categories among UK companies between 2015 and 2018. Methods and findings We used sales data from Euromonitor, which estimates total annual retail sales of packaged foods, for 5 categories—biscuits and cereal bars, breakfast cereals, chocolate confectionery, sugar confectionery, and yoghurts—for 4 consecutive years (2015–2018). This analysis includes 353 brands (groups of products with the same name) sold by 99 different companies. These data were linked with nutrient composition data collected online from supermarket websites over 2015–2018 by Edge by Ascential. The main outcome measures were sales volume, sales-weighted mean sugar content, and total volume of sugar sold by category and company. Our results show that between 2015 and 2018 the sales-weighted mean sugar content of all included foods fell by 5.2% (95% CI −9.4%, −1.4%), from 28.7 g/100 g (95% CI 27.2, 30.4) to 27.2 g/100 g (95% CI 25.8, 28.4). The greatest change seen was in yoghurts (−17.0% [95% CI −26.8%, −7.1%]) and breakfast cereals (−13.3% [95% CI −19.2%, −7.4%]), with only small reductions in sugar confectionery (−2.4% [95% CI −4.2%, −0.6%]) and chocolate confectionery (−1.0% [95% CI −3.1, 1.2]). Our results show that total volume of sugars sold per capita fell from 21.4 g/d (95% CI 20.3, 22.7) to 19.7 g/d (95% CI 18.8, 20.7), a reduction of 7.5% (95% CI −13.1%, −2.8%). Of the 50 companies representing the top 10 companies in each category, 24 met the 5% reduction target set by PHE for 2018. The key limitations of this study are that it does not encompass the whole food market and is limited by its use of brand-level sales data, rather than individual product sales data. Conclusions Our findings show there has been a small reduction in total volume sales of sugar in the included categories, primarily due to reductions in the sugar content of yoghurts and breakfast cereals. Additional policy measures may be needed to accelerate progress in categories such as sugar confectionery and chocolate confectionery if the 2020 PHE voluntary sugar reduction targets are to be met.
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Griggs, Peter. "Defeating Cane Diseases: Plant Pathologists and the Development of Disease Control Strategies in the Australian Sugar Industry, 1920 - 1950." Historical Records of Australian Science 18, no. 1 (2007): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06008.
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Between 1920 and 1950, the Queensland sugar industry was troubled by many of the diseases that plagued sugar cane, often in serious proportions. Financial losses from these disease outbreaks in the 1920s prompted the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) and the Queensland Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations (BSES) to employ university-trained plant pathologists who undertook research into identifying the diseases, understanding their etiology and devising control strategies to reduce their impact. Archival records, annual reports of both organizations and published scientific papers are used to reconstruct the programmes of research undertaken into these diseases. Control strategies developed as a result of this research included restrictions on the movement of cane plants, the establishment of quarantine districts, use of disease-free planting material, pre-treatment of planting material with hot water and/or solutions of organic mercurial fungicides, and 'roguing' of diseased cane plants. Consequently, by 1950, gumming, Fiji and downy mildew diseases — three of the most troublesome cane diseases in Australia — had been virtually eliminated in sugar-producing districts.
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Bai, Xiangyu, Sihan Lin, and Qingkun Liu. "Coca-Cola: P/E combined with DCF model pricing valuation during pandemic." BCP Business & Management 30 (October 24, 2022): 640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v30i.2511.
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Coca-Cola is a multinational company, it is well known multinational company, mainly focus on the beverage industry. This paper uses the P/E, DCF method to calculate the valuation of Coca Cola. This study found that the overall sales trend of Coca Cola is not completely negative under the influence of covid-19, because Coca Cola's diversified products can bring positive emotions to consumers to counter the negative impact of covid-19 on people's emotions at that time. At the same time, their sugar - free products also meet some people's pursuit of healthy diet. Moreover, Coca Cola's share in the non-alcoholic beverage market is still large. It implies the investment opportunity of Coca-Cola.
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Lin, Lizi, Chenxiong Li, Chuyao Jin, Yuanzhou Peng, Kawther M. Hashem, Graham A. MacGregor, Feng J. He, and Haijun Wang. "Sugar and energy content of carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages in Haidian District, Beijing: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e022048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022048.
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ObjectiveThe consumption of carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages (CSSBs) is associated with a range of health problems, but little is known about the sugar and energy content of CSSBs in China. The study aimed to investigate the sugar and energy content of CSSBs in Beijing, China.Study designWe carried out a cross-sectional survey in 15 different supermarkets from July to October 2017 in Haidian District, Beijing.MethodsThe product packaging and nutrient labels of CSSBs were recorded by a snapshot in time to obtain company name, product name, serving size, and nutrient content, that is, carbohydrate, sugar and energy. For CSSB labels not showing sugar content, we used carbohydrate content as substitute. The sugar and energy content of CSSBs within each type of flavour were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. The sugar content within the recommended levels was described using frequency. We also compared the sugar and energy content of top 5 CSSBs in terms of sales among three countries (China, UK and USA).ResultsA total of 93 CSSB products were found. The median sugar content was 9.3 (IQR: 5.7–11.2) g/100 mL, and the energy content was 38 (IQR: 23–46) kcal/100 mL. There were 79 products labelled ‘Red’ (high) per serving based on the criteria set in the UK (>11.25 g/100 mL). We found 62.4% of CSSBs had sugar content per serving that exceeds the daily free sugar intake for adults (25 g) recommended by the WHO. Some of the branded products sold in China had higher sugar content when they were compared with those in Western countries.ConclusionsCSSBs in Beijing, China have high sugar and energy content. Reduction in sugar content and serving size of CSSBs and taxation policy on beverages will be beneficial in reducing sugar intake in China.
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Kurniawan, Robi Cahyadi. "The Pattern of Clientelism in Lampung Local Election." MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 34, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v34i2.3432.
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Clientelism is a renewal of the concept of patronage, a patron of clients commonly referred to in several scientific studies. This research uses a qualitative method through an in-depth interview approach to informants and literature studies. The results show that clientelism among voters occurred in the election of Bandar Lampung Mayor Election in 2015. There is a symbiosis of mutualism between incumbent candidates for the Mayor and voters. Voters are influenced by their choices through imaging, giving, programs, and profitable policies. Voters benefit from education policies, free health, infrastructure and social assistance. Another pattern is shown in Lampung Governor Election 2014 when Sugar Group Company (SGC), with their significant power position and influence in sugar trade, fully supports the nomination of M. Ridho Ficardo. The pattern used is by holding entertainment shows and puppets with various attractive prizes offered such as motorbikes, refrigerators, and farm animals. Many voters are interested in giving their votes and get the prizes in return.
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Merker, Anastasia A., Ekaterina N. Reva, and Valentina A. Serdyuk. "The Influence of Gluten-Free Flour on Bakery Dough Quality." Engineering Technologies and Systems 32, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202202.313-323.
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Introduction. One of the main objectives of the food industry is the development of bakery technology for dietary and functional foods. The article gives a complete description of specialized food products. The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of amaranth and linseed flours on the quality of the gluten-free bakery products. During the study, there was determined the best proportion of gluten-free mixture ingredients for producing a quality product. Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, there were chosen different formulas of mixtures with the use of amaranth and linseed flours produced by “S.Pudov” company, corn starch by “Trapeza” company, and other ingredients such as yeast, drinking-water, salt and sugar. Results. To the formula under development there were added 17 grams of corn starch. At the same time, an increase in the gas retention capacity of the dough was noted. The starch served as the best binding component when mixing water with flour. Discussion and Conclusion. On the basis of the tests performed, data on pH of the dough medium with different proportions of amaranth and linseed flours were obtained. The most acidic medium is in the dough in which the amount of linseed flour is more than the amount of amaranth one. The conducted studies allow assuming that this is caused by the high acidity of linseed flour.
Book chapters on the topic "Free-Sugar Company"
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Szmrecsányi, Tamás. "A French Free-Standing Company in Brazil ‘s Sugar Industry: A Case Study of the Socié ‘té ‘ de Sucreries Bresiliennes, 1907-1922." In The Free Standing Company in the World Economy, 279–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290322.003.0018.
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Abstract This chapter provides a preliminary review of the first fifteen years of the history of the Socie ‘te ‘ de Sucreries Bre‘siliennes, a holding company of five sugar manufacturing enterprises owned by the same French economic group and, with the exception of one, all located in the state of Sago Paulo. The company, which remained in foreign hands until the late 1 60s, was at the time considered one of the largest and best organized firms within the Brazilian sugar industry. Its origins go back to the last decades of the nineteenth century, when Brazil ‘s central government, still under the monarchy, attempted to establish the central sugar-milling system. That system, based on a division of labour and on a separation of ownership and control between agriculture and manufacturing, was already prevailing in beet-sugar-producing countries and had been successfully introduced in several cane-sugar-producing regions of the world. In the case of Brazil, however, it did not take root.