Relevant bibliographies by topics / Free radicals

Academic literature on the topic 'Free radicals'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Free radicals"

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Yañez Jaramillo, Lina M., Joy H. Tannous, and Arno de Klerk. "Persistent Free Radicals in Petroleum." Processes 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2023): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072067.

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The persistent free radical content in petroleum is of the order 1018 spins/g (1 μmol/g), with higher and lower values found depending on origin and in different distillation fractions. The field of persistent free radicals in petroleum was reviewed with the aim of addressing and explaining apparent inconsistencies between free radical persistence and reactivity. The macroscopic average free radical concentration in petroleum is persistent over geological time, but individual free radical species in petroleum are short-lived and reactive. The persistent free radical concentration in petroleum can be explained in terms of a dynamic reaction equilibrium of free radical dissociation and association that causes a finite number of species at any given time to be present as free radicals. Evidence to support this description are observed changes in free radical concentration related to change in Gibbs free energy when the bulk liquid properties are changed and responsiveness of free radical concentration to dynamic changes in temperature. Cage effects, solvent effects, steric protection, and radical stabilization affect free radical reaction rate but do not explain the persistent free radical concentration in petroleum. The difference between persistent free radicals in straight-run petroleum and converted petroleum is that straight-run petroleum is an equilibrated mixture, but converted petroleum is not at equilibrium and the free radical concentration can change over time. Based on the limited data available, free radicals in straight-run petroleum appear to be part of the compositional continuum proposed by Altgelt and Boduszynski. Persistent free radical species are partitioned during solvent classification of whole oil, with the asphaltenes (n-alkane insoluble) fraction having a higher concentration of persistent free radicals than maltenes (n-alkane soluble) fraction. Attempts to relate persistent free radical concentration to petroleum composition were inconclusive.
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Stevanovic, Jelka, Suncica Borozan, Slavoljub Jovic, and Igor Ignjatovic. "Physiology of free radicals." Veterinarski glasnik 65, no. 1-2 (2011): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1102095s.

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Free radicals imply that every atom, molecule, ion, group of atoms, or molecules with one or several non-paired electrons in outer orbital. Among these are: nitrogenoxide (NO?), superoxide-anion-radical (O2?-), hydroxyl radical (OH?), peroxyl radical (ROO?), alcoxyl radical (RO?) and hydroperoxyl radical (HO2?). However, reactive oxygen species also include components without non-paired electrons in outer orbital (so-called reactive non-radical agents), such as: singlet oxygen (1O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2), hypochloric acid (eg. HOCl) and ozone (O3). High concentrations of free radicals lead to the development of oxidative stress which is a precondition for numerous pathological effects. However, low and moderate concentrations of these matter, which occur quite normally during cell metabolic activity, play multiple significant roles in many reactions. Some of these are: regulation of signal pathways within the cell and between cells, the role of chemoattractors and leukocyte activators, the role in phagocytosis, participation in maintaining, changes in the position and shape of the cell, assisting the cell during adaption and recovery from damage (e.g.caused by physical effort), the role in normal cell growth, programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cell ageing, in the synthesis of essential biological compounds and energy production, as well as the contribution to the regulation of the vascular tone, actually, tissue vascularization.
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Li, Guoxiang, Zhongyang Luo, Wenbo Wang, and Jianmeng Cen. "A Study of the Mechanisms of Guaiacol Pyrolysis Based on Free Radicals Detection Technology." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030295.

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In order to understand the reaction mechanism of lignin pyrolysis, the pyrolysis process of guaiacol (o-methoxyphenol) as a lignin model compound was studied by free radical detection technology (electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) in this paper. It was proven that the pyrolysis reaction of guaiacol is a free radical reaction, and the free radicals which can be detected mainly by EPR are methyl radicals. This paper proposes a process in which four free radicals (radicals 1- C6H4(OH)O*, radicals 5- C6H4(OCH3)O*, methyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals) are continuously rearranged during the pyrolysis of guaiacol.
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Senior, Tim. "Free radicals." British Journal of General Practice 69, no. 688 (October 31, 2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x706493.

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ROYSTON, D. "Free radicals." Anaesthesia 43, no. 4 (February 22, 2007): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb08984.x.

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Pilcher, Jobeth. "Free Radicals." Neonatal Network 21, no. 7 (January 2002): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.21.7.33.

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Free radicals may be the cause of many neonatal complications, such as chronic lung disease and brain injury. Treatment options for these complications using antioxidants are being evaluated through research. This article begins with a review of the basic science of free radicals. It then discusses neonatal complications potentially caused by free radicals. A brief description of research into potential treatment options is also included.
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Mishler, Susanna. "Free Radicals." Iowa Review 36, no. 3 (December 2006): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6221.

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Van Lente, Frederick. "Free Radicals." Analytical Chemistry 65, no. 12 (June 15, 1993): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00060a601.

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Homandberg, Gene A. "FREE RADICALS." Shock 7, no. 4 (April 1997): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199704000-00015.

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Angel, Michael F., Sai S. Ramasastry, William M. Swartz, R. E. Basford, and J. William Futrell. "Free Radicals." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 79, no. 6 (June 1987): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198706000-00025.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free radicals"

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Franco, Pujante Carlos. "Organic free radicals for molecular electronics and spintronics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399515.

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La presente tesis doctoral se centra en el campo de la electrónica molecular, en particular se ocupa del desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos moleculares y del estudio de los fenómenos de transferencias electrónica asociados a ellos. Las propiedad de los policloro trifenilmetil radicales (PTM) han sido utilizadas en este trabajo para investigar los diferentes mecanismos de transferencia de carga asociados a varios sistemas en los cuales los PTM están involucrados. En la primera parte de la tesis se ha descrito el estudio de los procesos de transferencia de carga a través de dos diferentes familias de hilos moleculares, una de vinilo tiofene y la otra de oligo-p-fenilenos vinilenos fusionado conectados a dos moléculas de PTM las cuales actúan como dadores y aceptores de electrones en sistemas de valencia mixta D-B-A. Estos sistemas han sido completamente caracterizados por diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas en sus diferentes estados de oxidación: neutro, de valencia mixta y oxidada. Además, los mecanismos para la transferencia electrónica intermolecular a través de estos hilos moleculares han sido elucidados. En la segunda parte de la tesis ha sido reportada la síntesis de una familia de derivados de PTM con grupos tiol conectados al PTM a través de un cadena alquílica de diferentes longitudes, capaces de formar monocapas auotensambladas (SAM) sobre substratos de oro. Asimismo, se ha estudiado los mecanismos de transferencia electrónica a través de las SAMs de PTM en sus diferentes estados de oxidación, contactadas estas por el electrodo de eutéctico galio-indio y por el microscopio de efecto túnel. Para finalizar, en la última parte de la tesis, se ha reportado el estudio de las propiedades magnéticas y eléctricas de dos derivados de PTM en break-juction unimoleculares de oro y HOPG. Interesante fue el hecho de que en las break-juction unimoleculares de oro, se detectó un pico Kondo lo que indica que el momento magnético del radical PTM interactúa con los electrones de conducción.
The present Doctoral Thesis is framed in the field of molecular electronics, specifically is focused on the development of new molecular electronic devices and on the study of the electron transfer phenomena associated to them. We exploit the properties of polychloro thriphenylmethyl radical (PTM) molecules to explore the charge transfer mechanisms involved in many different systems containing PTM derivatives. In the first part of the Thesis, we have described the study of the charge transfer process through two different families of molecular wires, oligo vinylene-thiophne (nTV) and fused oligo-p-phenylene vinylene (nCOPV), connecting two PTM moieties acting as electron donor/acceptor in mixed valence systems D-B-A. These systems were fully characterized by different spectroscopic techniques in their neutral, mixed valence and oxidized states. The mechanism for the intramolecular charge transfer through these wires was elucidated. In the second part of Thesis we have reported the synthesis of a family of PTM derivatives containing a thiol terminal group connected to the PTM through an alkyl chain with different length, able to form self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on gold substrates. We have studied the charge transport mechanisms through PTM SAMs contacted by eutectic gallium-indium electrode and scanning tunneling microcopy, in their different redox states. Finally, in last part of the thesis we have reported the study of the electric and magnetic properties of two PTM derivatives in gold and HOPG single molecule break-junctions. On gold PTM break-junctions, a Kondo peak was detected indicating that the localized magnetic moment of PTM radical interacts with conducting electrons.
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Critchley, Andrew Duncan James. "Structure of free radicals." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327188.

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Grice, I. Darren, and n/a. "Some New Aspects of Radical Trapping Using an Aminoxyl Radical Trap." Griffith University. School of Science, 1993. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050915.150556.

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An investigation of the initiation mechanism in the free radical copolymerisation of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate using the aminoxyl radical trapping technique, employing 1,1 ,3,3-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro- 1 Hisoindol-2-yloxyl is reported. Based upon the experimental results, the mechanism of initiation is suggested as proceeding via the 'free monomer' mechanism. Additionally, the effect of Lewis acids on the initiation mechanism is reported. A study of the addition of phosphorus-centred radicals to alkenes and phenylacetylene, utilising the aminoxyl radical trapping technique is reported. The results indicate a decreased rate of addition by both diphenylphosphinyl and dimethoxyphosphinyl radicals to cyclic versus acyclic alkenes. In contrast to cyclic alkenes, both these phosphorus-centred radicals add readily to the triple bond of phenylacetylene. The stereochemistry of the addition of diphenyiphosphinyl and dimethoxyphosphinyl radicals and of the aminoxyl trap is discussed. The stereochemistry of the addition of benzoyloxyl radicals to a conformationally rigid alkene, trans-a2-octalin is reported. Attempts to examine the initiation mechanism in the free radical copolymerisation of styrene/maleic anhydride and of styrene/tetracyanoethylene utilising the aminoxyl radical trapping technique are described. Also described are attempts to synthesise some new phosphorus radical initiators.
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Grice, I. Darren. "Some New Aspects of Radical Trapping Using an Aminoxyl Radical Trap." Thesis, Griffith University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365216.

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An investigation of the initiation mechanism in the free radical copolymerisation of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate using the aminoxyl radical trapping technique, employing 1,1 ,3,3-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro- 1 Hisoindol-2-yloxyl is reported. Based upon the experimental results, the mechanism of initiation is suggested as proceeding via the 'free monomer' mechanism. Additionally, the effect of Lewis acids on the initiation mechanism is reported. A study of the addition of phosphorus-centred radicals to alkenes and phenylacetylene, utilising the aminoxyl radical trapping technique is reported. The results indicate a decreased rate of addition by both diphenylphosphinyl and dimethoxyphosphinyl radicals to cyclic versus acyclic alkenes. In contrast to cyclic alkenes, both these phosphorus-centred radicals add readily to the triple bond of phenylacetylene. The stereochemistry of the addition of diphenyiphosphinyl and dimethoxyphosphinyl radicals and of the aminoxyl trap is discussed. The stereochemistry of the addition of benzoyloxyl radicals to a conformationally rigid alkene, trans-a2-octalin is reported. Attempts to examine the initiation mechanism in the free radical copolymerisation of styrene/maleic anhydride and of styrene/tetracyanoethylene utilising the aminoxyl radical trapping technique are described. Also described are attempts to synthesise some new phosphorus radical initiators.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Science
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Qureshi, Tariq. "Spin chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365292.

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梁韻詩 and Wan-sze Leung. "High resolution spectroscopy of free radicals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237319.

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Towle, Jonathan Peter. "The LMR spectra of free radicals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ac8e9e4-33e8-428b-962d-943bf07d5f94.

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Laser Magnetic Resonance (LMR) is a very sensitive, accurate and high resolution spectroscopic technique. Transitions of paramagnetic species are brought into coincidence with a fixed frequency laser using Zeeman tuning. Three different LMR spectrometers are described, two of which use the CO laser as a radiation source and the other used optically pumped far-infrared lasers. These LMR spectrometers have been used to study four radicals, germanium hydride (GeH), tellurium deuteride (TeD), iron hydride (FeH) and iron deuteride (FeD). Transitions in the fundamental and first hot bands of the GeH radical have been detected by CO LMR. The transitions occur within both 2Π1andfrasl;2 and 2Π3andfrasl;2 manifolds. These data have been fitted with previously published data for GeH and GeD to determine the parameters of a single model effective Hamiltonian which describes all naturally occurring isotopomers. Details of the Hamiltonian are given. The same Hamiltonian was used to model transitions in the fundamental and first two hot bands of the TeD radical that were also recorded using CO LMR. Resonances from the seven most abundant isotopomers, including the two with I = ½, have been identified. Seven transitions in the fundamental band of FeH have been observed using Faraday CO LMR. Due to the complicated electronic structure for FeH it is not possible to model these data using a single model effective Hamiltonian. It has been possible to fit the parameters of a second order Zeeman expression to these FeH data and so determine accurate zerofield transition wavenumbers for six of these transitions. Pure rotational transitions in the ground state of FeD have been observed using FIR LMR. As for FeH the parameters of second order Zeeman expressions can be fitted to these transitions and zero field wavenumbers determined.
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Ayuko, Washington O. "Free radicals as potential antitumour agents." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12521/.

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The aim of this work was to use extremely low concentrations of free radical generating compounds as a 'catalyst' to trigger endogenous free radical chain reactions in the host and to selectively eliminate neoplastic cells in the host. To test the hypothesis, a number of free radical generating compounds were screened on several malignant cell lines in vitro to select model compounds that were used against tumour models in vivo. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and its derivatives were selected at the model compounds for in vivo experiments in view of their high cytotoxic potency against several malignant cell lines in vitro. The water soluble derivative, 2,2-diphcnyl-l-(2', 4'-dinitro-6'-sulphophenyl) hydrazyl (DDSH) given by subcutaneous injections demonstrated significant antitumour activities against the MAC 16 murine colon adcnocarcinoma implanted subcuta-ncously in male NMRI mice at nanomolar concentration range. 40-60% of long term survival of over 60 days was achieved (compared with control survival of 20 days) with total tumour elimination. This compound was also active against both P388 leukaemia in male BDF1 mice and TLX5 lymphoid tumour in male CBA/CA mice at a similar concentration range. However, some of these animals died suddenly after treatment with no evidence of disease present at post mortem. The cause of death was unknown but thought to be related to the treatment. There was significant increase in scrum level of malondialdchydc (MDA) following treatment, but did not correlate to the antitumour activities of these compounds. Induction of supcroxide dismutasc (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) occurred around day 8 after the administration of DDSH. Histological sections of MAC16 tumours showed areas of extensive massive hacmorrhagic necrosis and vascular collapse associated with perivas-cular cell death following the administration of nanomolar concentration of DDSH which was probably compatible with the effects of free radicals. It was concluded that the antitumour activities of these compounds may be related to free radical and cytokinc production.
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Leung, Wan-sze. "High resolution spectroscopy of free radicals /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19737610.

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Wood, Geoffrey Paul Farra. "Theoretical Investigations of Radical-Mediated Protein Oxidation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1413.

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This thesis primarily details the application of high-level ab initio quantum chemistry techniques in order to understand aspects of free-radical mediated protein oxidation. Traditionally, product analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are the primary means for elucidating the chemistry of protein oxidation. However, in experiments involving relatively small proteins reacting with a controlled radical-flux, a vast array of compounds can be produced, which are often difficult to analyse. Quantum chemical techniques on the other hand, can calculate the properties of any particular species directly, without suffering from the problems associated with experiment, such as side-reactions and chain processes. The results presented in this thesis are aimed at elucidating mechanistic details of protein oxidation, which might otherwise be difficult to probe experimentally. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the free-radical hypothesis of disease and ageing. Protein-derived radicals can undergo a variety of reactions, with the particular reaction that occurs depending on numerous aspects. Many types of reactions have been identified through radiolysis experiments of amino acids, and these are detailed in this chapter. In addition, the key reactive species are characterized and their different chemistries explained. Chapter 2 details the theoretical tools used throughout this thesis. Species with unpaired electrons (radicals) present unique problems for quantum chemistry to handle, thus an appropriate choice of theoretical technique is needed. The approach taken in this thesis is to use high-level compound methods, many of which have been directly formulated to give improved results for radical species, to provide benchmark quality results by which other less demanding techniques can be assessed. During the course of this study, it became apparent there was a void in the armoury of tools that could be used for the theoretical chemistry calculations. Chapter 3 details the formulation of a new tool in an attempt to fill this gap. Historically, the formulation of this new procedure came after much of the work in this thesis had been carried out. Thus, for the study of many of the reactions of this thesis the new method has not been used. However, it is most appropriate to place its formulation after summarizing the current status of techniques in common use today. Chapters 4 and 5 detail computations carried out on models of peptides containing backbone carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals. A number of different theoretical techniques are used in these chapters, ranging from the highly accurate and computationally intensive to the less reliable and less demanding. The highly accurate techniques are used to gauge the accuracy of the other less demanding theoretical techniques so that the latter can be used with confidence in larger systems. Not only is the choice of theoretical technique important but also the judicious choice of model is essential. With this in mind, models are incrementally built until convergence of the particular property of interest is reached. Chapters 6 and 7 detail the calculations of β-scission reactions of alkoxyl radicals, which are a particular class of reaction known to occur on peptide backbones. Alkoxyl radicals are particularly difficult for theory to describe correctly. Therefore, Chapter 6 extensively assesses and then identifies the theoretical methods needed to portray them. Chapter 7 uses the techniques identified in the previous chapter in order to predict how the preference for a particular type of β-scission reaction changes.
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Books on the topic "Free radicals"

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P, Yu Byung, ed. Free radicals in aging. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

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Fischer, Hanns, and Heinz Heimgartner, eds. Organic Free Radicals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7.

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Forbes, Malcolm D. E., ed. Carbon-Centered Free Radicals and Radical Cations. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470584118.

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Forbes, Malcolm D. E., 1960-, ed. Carbon-centered free radicals and radical cations. Hoboken, N.J: Wiely, 2010.

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A, Punchard Neville, and Kelly Frank J, eds. Free radicals: A practical approach. Oxford: IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Francesco, Minisci, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Free Radicals in Biology and Environment (1996 : Bardolino, Italy), eds. Free radicals in biology and environment. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997.

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Paulauskas, Irena O. Radical polymerization: New developments. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Fehér, J. Free radical reactions in medicine. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Winyard, Paul G., David R. Blake, and Christopher H. Evans, eds. Free Radicals and Inflammation. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8482-2.

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Emerit, Ingrid, and Britton Chance, eds. Free Radicals and Aging. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7460-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Free radicals"

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Rabsilber, Tanja M., and Mike P. Holzer. "Free Radicals." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_372-7.

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Verster, Joris C., Thomas M. Tzschentke, Kieran O’Malley, Francis C. Colpaert, Bart Ellenbroek, Bart Ellenbroek, R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, et al. "Free Radicals." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 545. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_768.

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Rabsilber, Tanja M., and Mike P. Holzer. "Free Radicals." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 782–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9_372.

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Tiedemann, Anne, Catherine Sherrington, Daina L. Sturnieks, Stephen R. Lord, Mark W. Rogers, Marie-Laure Mille, Paavo V. Komi, et al. "Free Radicals." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 349. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2415.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "free radicals." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_4092.

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Dolbier, William R. "Fluorinated free radicals." In Organofluorine Chemistry, 97–163. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0119266.

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Alberti, A., P. Carloni, L. Greci, and P. Stipa. "Thermal Decomposition of Indolinonic Nitroxides. A Kinetic ESR Study." In Organic Free Radicals, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_1.

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Rodin, W. A., S. Frye, and D. M. Camaioni. "Rate Constants for Electron Transfer and Radical Cation Reactions of Methylated Naphthalenes." In Organic Free Radicals, 19–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_10.

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Szyczewski, A., and R. Krzyminiewski. "Radical Structure in — Irradiated Single Crystal of 17α- Hydroxyprogesterone." In Organic Free Radicals, 201–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_100.

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Tanner, D. D., and A. Kharrat. "Enantioselective Electron Transfer During the Free Radical Chain Reduction of Ketones." In Organic Free Radicals, 203–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_101.

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Conference papers on the topic "Free radicals"

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Neumark, Daniel M. "Photodissociation of free radicals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thi5.

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While many photodissociation studies of stable molecules have been performed in recent years, it has proved difficult to extend these experiments to studies of reactive free radicals. This is largely due to the difficulty of implementing a clean, well-characterized source of free radicals. We have developed a novel approach to this problem by setting up an experiment in which free radicals are generated by laser photodetachment of a mass-selected anion beam, rather than the more conventional strategies in which radicals are formed by photolysis of a stable precursor or by a chemical reaction. The radicals are photodissociated with a second laser, and the photofragments are detected with high efficiency by using a microchannel plate detector. We can measure the total photodissociation cross section or, with a more sophisticated detector, look at the photofragment energy and angular distribution. Results will be presented for the N3, NCO, and CH2N02 radicals.
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Ebert, Bernd G., Reiner F. Haseloff, and Heiko Hartel. "Photochemical formation of free radicals." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5760868.

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Ebert, Haseloff, and Hartel. "Photochemical formation of free radicals." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589510.

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Krzyminiewski, Ryszard, Carlos Granja, Claude Leroy, and Ivan Stekl. "Free Radicals, Life and Radiation." In Nuclear Physics Medthods and Accelerators in Biology and Medicine. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2825770.

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Scott, T. W., and S. N. Liu. "Picosecond cage recombination measurements of polyatomic free radical pairs." In International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.thl51.

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Geminate free radical recombination is an important testing ground for current theories of chemical reaction dynamics in liquids. The work described here deals with the recombination of phenyl thiyl radicals in liquid hydrocarbons. Photolysis of diphenyl disulfides using near-ultraviolet light generates thiyl radicals which are detected by picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We find that the rate and extent of cage recombination is controlled by solvent viscosity and by the dipole-dipole reorientation energy of a polar radical pair. In moderately viscous liquids such as decalin, for example, cage recombination occurs with a 50% yield and with a half-life of ~150 ps. The influence of both temperature and solvent composition on recombination can be explained by a simple hydrodynamic model of diffusion controlled reactions, using a radiation boundary condition that mimics the reorientation barrier. In polar liquids, cage escape is enhanced by solvation of the radical pair. Based on the interpretation of these experiments it appears that the use of chemical substituents to alter the dipole movement of the radical can be used to study the recombination dynamics in more detail.
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Miller, Terry A. "Ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy of free radicals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thr2.

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Rotationally resolved electronic spectra of moderately large free radicals such as CH3O, C2H5O, C5H5, and C6 F6+ have been obtained by using a pulsed amplified tunable ring dye laser system. This system is capable of producing laser radiation of moderately high energy, 5–10 mJ/pulse throughout the visible spectral region, and may be doubled into the UV. The radicals are produced by excimer laser photolysis of suitable precursors in a supersonic free jet expansion. Spectra of radicals with internal temperatures in the range of ~0.5–20 K have been recorded. The analyses of these spectra to obtain information about the radicals' geometries and electronic structure are discussed.
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Dane, C. B., W. B. Yan, D. Zeitz, J. L. Hall, R. F. Curl, J. V. V. Kasper, and F. K. Tittel. "Color center laser spesctroscopy of free radicals." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 146. AIP, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.35721.

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Lin, T. Y. David, and Terry A. Miller. "Conformational dynamics and barriers in free radicals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fg1.

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The laser-induced fluorescence spectra of a number of free radicals—o-, m-, and p-methyl benzyl, di- and triphenylmethyl, diphenylchloromethyl, and diphenylethyl—have been observed when these materials were cooled to near absolute zero in a free-jet expansion. Barriers to methyl rotation in both the ground and lowest excited electronic states have been determined for the substituted methyl radicals. Significant information is presented regarding these radicals' geometries and ring-twisting motions.
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Moore, C. B., R. G. Bergman, I.-C. Chen, D. C. Darwin, H. S. Johnston, Y. Guo, E. P. Wasserman, and A. T. Young. "Infrared flash kinetic spectroscopy of free radicals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thr1.

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Two IR flash kinetic spectrometers are described. Both use nanosecond pulsed UV lasers to produce high concentrations of reactive species. These are then probed by tunable cw IR lasers. High-resolution spectra of singlet and triplet states of CH2 and of HCO are presented. Measurements of reaction rates and of product quantum yields are described for several reactions important in atmospheric and combustion chemistry with particular emphasis on the dynamics of radical-radical reactions. The reactivity of the coordinatively unsaturated organometallic intermediate cyclopentadienylcobaltmonocarbonyl (CpCoCO) to a variety of ligands is studied in both gas and liquid phases.
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Jeremić, Svetlana R., Jelena R. Đorović Jovanović, Marijana S. Stanojević Pirković, and Zoran S. Marković. "THERMODYNAMICALLY INVESTIGATIONS OF FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER POTENCY OF 1,2,4-TRIHYDROXYTHIOXANTHONE." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.414j.

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The operative mechanism of the antioxidative action of 1,2,4-trihydroxythioxanthone (TX) is investigated in this contribution. Conclusions are made based on enthalpy values, as thermodynamical parameters. All calculations are done using the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. To imitate polar and non-polar environments, calculations are done in water and benzene as the medium. It is found that, among three possible radicals that TX can generate, the most stable is the one obtained by homolytic cleavage of the O-H group in position 4. It was found that HAT (Hydrogen Atom Transfer) is the most plausible mechanism for that purpose in benzene. On the other hand, the most favorable mechanism in water is SPLET (Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer). Here is estimated the capacity of TX to deactivate hydroxyl (HO●), hydroperoxyl (HOO●) and methylperoxyl radical (CH3OO●). It is found that TX can deactivate all three free radicals following HAT and SPLET reaction mechanisms competitively, in the polar and non-polar environment. SET-PT (Single-Electron Transfer followed by Proton Transfer) is the inoperative mechanism for radicals scavenging, in the polar and non-polar environment.
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Reports on the topic "Free radicals"

1

Terry A. Miller. Unimolecular reaction dynamics of free radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890741.

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2

Continetti, Robert. Support for 33rd International Symposium on Free Radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1411320.

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Bise, Ryan T. Photoisomerization and photodissociation dynamics of reactive free radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/767628.

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Curl, Robert F., and Graham Glass. Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Chemical Kinetics of Free Radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838138.

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Curl, R. F., and G. P. Glass. Infrared absorption spectroscopy and chemical kinetics of free radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5184794.

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Curl, R., and G. Glass. Infrared absorption spectroscopy and chemical kinetics of free radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6950579.

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Continetti, Robert E. International Symposium on Free Radicals - August 12 - 17, 2007. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018340.

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Evenson, Kenneth M. Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Symposium on Free Radicals. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.sp.716.

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North, Simon William. Photofragment translational spectroscopy of three body dissociations and free radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/108145.

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Weisshaar, J. C. Infrared spectroscopy of organic free radicals related to combustion processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6340524.

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