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Academic literature on the topic 'Free radical reactions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Free radical reactions"

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Jonsson, M., J. Lind, T. Reitberger, T. E. Eriksen, and G. Merenyi. "Free radical combination reactions involving phenoxyl radicals." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 31 (August 1993): 8229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100133a018.

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Khalid, Maher, and Shireen Mohammed. "Recent Free-Radical Reactions." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 1 (2018): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21635.

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Sibi, Mukund P., and Ned A. Porter. "Enantioselective Free Radical Reactions." Accounts of Chemical Research 32, no. 2 (February 1999): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar9600547.

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Mohammad, Mahboob, Muhammad Tariq, and Muhammad Tahir Soomro. "“Long-life” atom-free radical: Generation and reactions of bromine atom-free radical." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 75, no. 11 (2010): 1061–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2010066.

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In order to study the damaging or beneficial properties of bromine atom-free radical, reaction of the free radical (Br•) with some biologically important compounds were investigated. Br• was generated through electrochemical oxidation of bromide ion (Br–). First the reactivity of Br• atom-free radical vis a vis its dimerization to form Br2, was studied using cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry. Through these techniques it was ascertained that the substrates understudy and the under experimental conditions used, underwent reactions with Br• and not with dibromine (Br2). The monitoring of the reactions of Br• with glycine and cytosine led us to conclude that whereas cytosine reacted with Br• as simple chemical reaction (EC mechanism), glycine underwent a catalytic reaction (EC′ mechanism).
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Silaev, Michael M. "OXYGEN AS OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT." EPH - International Journal of Applied Science 1, no. 2 (June 27, 2015): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijas.v1i2.3.

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New reaction scheme is suggested for the initiated nonbranched-chain addition of free radicals to the multiple bond of the molecular oxygen. The scheme includes the addition reaction of the peroxyl free radical to the oxygen molecule to form the tetraoxyl free radical. This reaction competes with chain propagation reactions through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in this scheme involves a few of free radicals, one of which (tetraoxyl) is relatively low-reactive and inhibits the chain process by shortening of the kinetic chain length. Based on the proposed scheme rate equations (containing one to three parameters to be determined directly) are deduced using quasi-steady-state treatment. The kinetic description with use the obtained rate equations is applied to the γ-induced nonbranched-chain processes of the freeradical oxidation of liquid o-xylene at 373 K and hydrogen dissolved in water containing different amounts of oxygen at 296 K. The ratios of rate constants of competing reactions and rate constants of addition reactions to the molecular oxygen are defined. In these processes the oxygen with the increase of its concentration begins to act as an oxidation autoingibitor (or an antioxidant), and the rate of peroxide formation as a function of the dissolved oxygen concentration has a maximum. From the energetic standpoint possible nonchain pathways of the free-radical oxidation of hydrogen and the routes of ozone decay via the reaction with the hydroxyl free radical in the upper atmosphere (including the addition yielding the hydrotetraoxyl free radical, which can be an intermediate in the sequence of conversions of biologically hazardous UV radiation energy) were examined. The energetics of the key radical-molecule gas-phase reactions is considered.
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Harasym, N. P., M. Y. Booklyv, A. R. Zyn, S. M. Mandzynets, A. O. Bezkorovainy, and D. I. Sanahursky. "Quercetin and histamine effects on free radical reactions in rat erythrocytes." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 93, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj93.01.096.

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Goodman, B. A. "The involvement of oxygen-derived free radicals in plant–pathogen interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 102 (1994): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000014500.

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SynopsisPlants have evolved a multiplicity of defence mechanisms against pathogen attack. Their modes of action may be to (i) kill the pathogen directly, (ii) block the action of enzymes required for infection, or (iii) erect barriers to pathogen growth. Some of these reactions proceed via free radical intermediates and make use of either atmospheric oxygen or reactive oxygen species. This paper reviews the various types of reaction involving oxygen-derived free radicals that are initiated in plant tissue when it is invaded by pathogenic organisms. Both the production of free radicals by plants in defensive processes and the utilisation of free radicals by pathogens in offensive reactions are considered and particular attention is given to the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for the direct observation of such free radical reactions.
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Davies, M. J., S. Fu, and R. T. Dean. "Protein hydroperoxides can give rise to reactive free radicals." Biochemical Journal 305, no. 2 (January 15, 1995): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3050643.

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Proteins damaged by free-radical-generating systems in the presence of oxygen yield relatively long-lived protein hydroperoxides. These hydroperoxides have been shown by e.p.r. spectroscopy to be readily degraded to reactive free radicals on reaction with iron(II) complexes. Comparison of the observed spectra with those obtained with free amino acid hydroperoxides had allowed identification of some of the protein-derived radical species (including a number of carbon-centred radicals, alkoxyl radicals and a species believed to be the CO2 radical anion) and the elucidation of novel fragmentation and rearrangement processes involving amino acid side chains. In particular, degradation of hydroperoxide functions on the side chain of glutamic acid is shown to result in decarboxylation at the side-chain carboxy group via the formation of the CO2 radical anion; the generation of an identical radical from hydroperoxide groups on proteins suggests that a similar process occurs with these molecules. In a number of cases these fragmentation and rearrangement reactions give rise to further reactive free radicals (R., O2-./HO2., CO2-.) which may act as chain-carrying species in protein oxidations. These studies suggest that protein hydroperoxides are capable of initiating further radical chain reactions both intra- and inter-molecularly, and provide information on some of the fundamental mechanisms of protein alteration and side-chain fragmentation.
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Crich, David, and John W. Davies. "Stereoselectivity in free radical reactions." Tetrahedron Letters 28, no. 36 (1987): 4205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95580-1.

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Barluenga, Jose, and Miguel Yus. "Free radical reactions of organomercurials." Chemical Reviews 88, no. 3 (May 1988): 487–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00085a003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free radical reactions"

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Barreto, Joao Pedro Cabaco Moniz. "Dioxygen free radical reactions." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389105.

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Euapermkiati, Anucha. "Free radical telomerisation reactions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278895.

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Hancock-Chen, Tanya. "Biologically relevant free radical reactions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ58282.pdf.

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Singh, Rajinder. "Free radical ring expansion reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293427.

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Zhao, Zhijun. "Laser flash photolysis studies of some gas phase reactions of atmospheric interest." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31790.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Wine, Paul; Committee Member: Huey, Greg; Committee Member: Mulholland, James; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios; Committee Member: Weber, Rodney. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Swann, Elizabeth. "An investigation of new free radical reactions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232882.

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Huther, Nathalie. "Novel manganese carbonyl-mediated free radical reactions." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403967.

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Annis, Michael Colin. "Free radical cascade reactions involving furan rings." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394991.

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Wood, Geoffrey Paul Farra. "Theoretical Investigations of Radical-Mediated Protein Oxidation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1413.

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This thesis primarily details the application of high-level ab initio quantum chemistry techniques in order to understand aspects of free-radical mediated protein oxidation. Traditionally, product analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are the primary means for elucidating the chemistry of protein oxidation. However, in experiments involving relatively small proteins reacting with a controlled radical-flux, a vast array of compounds can be produced, which are often difficult to analyse. Quantum chemical techniques on the other hand, can calculate the properties of any particular species directly, without suffering from the problems associated with experiment, such as side-reactions and chain processes. The results presented in this thesis are aimed at elucidating mechanistic details of protein oxidation, which might otherwise be difficult to probe experimentally. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the free-radical hypothesis of disease and ageing. Protein-derived radicals can undergo a variety of reactions, with the particular reaction that occurs depending on numerous aspects. Many types of reactions have been identified through radiolysis experiments of amino acids, and these are detailed in this chapter. In addition, the key reactive species are characterized and their different chemistries explained. Chapter 2 details the theoretical tools used throughout this thesis. Species with unpaired electrons (radicals) present unique problems for quantum chemistry to handle, thus an appropriate choice of theoretical technique is needed. The approach taken in this thesis is to use high-level compound methods, many of which have been directly formulated to give improved results for radical species, to provide benchmark quality results by which other less demanding techniques can be assessed. During the course of this study, it became apparent there was a void in the armoury of tools that could be used for the theoretical chemistry calculations. Chapter 3 details the formulation of a new tool in an attempt to fill this gap. Historically, the formulation of this new procedure came after much of the work in this thesis had been carried out. Thus, for the study of many of the reactions of this thesis the new method has not been used. However, it is most appropriate to place its formulation after summarizing the current status of techniques in common use today. Chapters 4 and 5 detail computations carried out on models of peptides containing backbone carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals. A number of different theoretical techniques are used in these chapters, ranging from the highly accurate and computationally intensive to the less reliable and less demanding. The highly accurate techniques are used to gauge the accuracy of the other less demanding theoretical techniques so that the latter can be used with confidence in larger systems. Not only is the choice of theoretical technique important but also the judicious choice of model is essential. With this in mind, models are incrementally built until convergence of the particular property of interest is reached. Chapters 6 and 7 detail the calculations of β-scission reactions of alkoxyl radicals, which are a particular class of reaction known to occur on peptide backbones. Alkoxyl radicals are particularly difficult for theory to describe correctly. Therefore, Chapter 6 extensively assesses and then identifies the theoretical methods needed to portray them. Chapter 7 uses the techniques identified in the previous chapter in order to predict how the preference for a particular type of β-scission reaction changes.
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Wood, Geoffrey Paul Farra. "Theoretical Investigations of Radical-Mediated Protein Oxidation." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1413.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This thesis primarily details the application of high-level ab initio quantum chemistry techniques in order to understand aspects of free-radical mediated protein oxidation. Traditionally, product analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are the primary means for elucidating the chemistry of protein oxidation. However, in experiments involving relatively small proteins reacting with a controlled radical-flux, a vast array of compounds can be produced, which are often difficult to analyse. Quantum chemical techniques on the other hand, can calculate the properties of any particular species directly, without suffering from the problems associated with experiment, such as side-reactions and chain processes. The results presented in this thesis are aimed at elucidating mechanistic details of protein oxidation, which might otherwise be difficult to probe experimentally. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the free-radical hypothesis of disease and ageing. Protein-derived radicals can undergo a variety of reactions, with the particular reaction that occurs depending on numerous aspects. Many types of reactions have been identified through radiolysis experiments of amino acids, and these are detailed in this chapter. In addition, the key reactive species are characterized and their different chemistries explained. Chapter 2 details the theoretical tools used throughout this thesis. Species with unpaired electrons (radicals) present unique problems for quantum chemistry to handle, thus an appropriate choice of theoretical technique is needed. The approach taken in this thesis is to use high-level compound methods, many of which have been directly formulated to give improved results for radical species, to provide benchmark quality results by which other less demanding techniques can be assessed. During the course of this study, it became apparent there was a void in the armoury of tools that could be used for the theoretical chemistry calculations. Chapter 3 details the formulation of a new tool in an attempt to fill this gap. Historically, the formulation of this new procedure came after much of the work in this thesis had been carried out. Thus, for the study of many of the reactions of this thesis the new method has not been used. However, it is most appropriate to place its formulation after summarizing the current status of techniques in common use today. Chapters 4 and 5 detail computations carried out on models of peptides containing backbone carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals. A number of different theoretical techniques are used in these chapters, ranging from the highly accurate and computationally intensive to the less reliable and less demanding. The highly accurate techniques are used to gauge the accuracy of the other less demanding theoretical techniques so that the latter can be used with confidence in larger systems. Not only is the choice of theoretical technique important but also the judicious choice of model is essential. With this in mind, models are incrementally built until convergence of the particular property of interest is reached. Chapters 6 and 7 detail the calculations of β-scission reactions of alkoxyl radicals, which are a particular class of reaction known to occur on peptide backbones. Alkoxyl radicals are particularly difficult for theory to describe correctly. Therefore, Chapter 6 extensively assesses and then identifies the theoretical methods needed to portray them. Chapter 7 uses the techniques identified in the previous chapter in order to predict how the preference for a particular type of β-scission reaction changes.
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Books on the topic "Free radical reactions"

1

G, Csomós, and Vereckei A, eds. Free radical reactions in medicine. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Fehér, J. Free radical reactions in medicine. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Moniz-Barreto, João Pedro. Dioxygen free radical reactions. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1997.

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Radical reactions in aqueous media. Cambridge, UK: RSC Publishing, 2010.

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Postigo, J. Alberto. Organic radical reactions in water and alternative media. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Fehér, János, Géza Csomós, and András Vereckei. Free Radical Reactions in Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83104-1.

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Weglicki, Peter S. Free radical reactions of acetaminophen. Salford: University of Salford, 1987.

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Paulauskas, Irena O. Radical polymerization: New developments. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Catherine, Rice-Evans, ed. Free radicals, diseased states and anti-radical interventions. London: Richelieu, 1989.

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Derek, Barton. Half a century of free radical chemistry. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Free radical reactions"

1

Norman, Richard, and James M. Coxon. "Free-radical reactions." In Principles of Organic Synthesis, 523–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2166-8_17.

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Grossman, Robert B. "Free-Radical Reactions." In The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 212–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3030-2_5.

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Grossman, Robert B. "Free-Radical Reactions." In The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 283–339. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28733-7_5.

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Carey, Francis A., and Richard J. Sundberg. "Free-Radical Reactions." In Advanced Organic Chemistry, 651–727. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9795-3_12.

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Went, C. "Free Radical Reactions." In Work Out Organic Chemistry, 210–34. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09726-5_12.

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Grossman, Robert B. "Free-Radical Reactions." In The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 224–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21545-x_5.

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Walling, Cheves. "Free Radical Reactions." In Energetics of Organic Free Radicals, 1–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0099-8_1.

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Atta-ur-Rahman and Zahir Shah. "Stereoselective Free Radical Reactions." In Stereoselective Synthesis in Organic Chemistry, 458–502. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8327-7_8.

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Fehér, János, Géza Csomós, and András Vereckei. "Physiological Free Radical Reactions." In Free Radical Reactions in Medicine, 18–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83104-1_4.

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Ide, Nathan D. "Selected Free Radical Reactions." In Practical Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 557–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118093559.ch11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Free radical reactions"

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Scott, T. W. "Picosecond Addition and β-Scission Reactions of Thiyl Radicals with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.mf7.

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It is well known that free radical reactions exhibit extreme product diversity through the action of a limited number of elementary steps. The most facile elementary reaction between sulfur centered thiyl radicals and hydrocarbon liquids is free radical addition to carbon-carbon double bonds (1). This is a rapid exothermic reaction which is generally reversible.
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Moore, C. B., R. G. Bergman, I.-C. Chen, D. C. Darwin, H. S. Johnston, Y. Guo, E. P. Wasserman, and A. T. Young. "Infrared flash kinetic spectroscopy of free radicals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thr1.

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Two IR flash kinetic spectrometers are described. Both use nanosecond pulsed UV lasers to produce high concentrations of reactive species. These are then probed by tunable cw IR lasers. High-resolution spectra of singlet and triplet states of CH2 and of HCO are presented. Measurements of reaction rates and of product quantum yields are described for several reactions important in atmospheric and combustion chemistry with particular emphasis on the dynamics of radical-radical reactions. The reactivity of the coordinatively unsaturated organometallic intermediate cyclopentadienylcobaltmonocarbonyl (CpCoCO) to a variety of ligands is studied in both gas and liquid phases.
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Scott, T. W., and S. N. Liu. "Picosecond cage recombination measurements of polyatomic free radical pairs." In International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.thl51.

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Geminate free radical recombination is an important testing ground for current theories of chemical reaction dynamics in liquids. The work described here deals with the recombination of phenyl thiyl radicals in liquid hydrocarbons. Photolysis of diphenyl disulfides using near-ultraviolet light generates thiyl radicals which are detected by picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We find that the rate and extent of cage recombination is controlled by solvent viscosity and by the dipole-dipole reorientation energy of a polar radical pair. In moderately viscous liquids such as decalin, for example, cage recombination occurs with a 50% yield and with a half-life of ~150 ps. The influence of both temperature and solvent composition on recombination can be explained by a simple hydrodynamic model of diffusion controlled reactions, using a radiation boundary condition that mimics the reorientation barrier. In polar liquids, cage escape is enhanced by solvation of the radical pair. Based on the interpretation of these experiments it appears that the use of chemical substituents to alter the dipole movement of the radical can be used to study the recombination dynamics in more detail.
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Gauduel, Yann, Stanislas Pommeret, Noelle Yamada, and Andre Antonetti. "Recent developments by femtosecond spectroscopy in biological ultrafast free radical reactions." In Moscow - DL tentative, edited by Sergei A. Akhmanov and Marina Y. Poroshina. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.57301.

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Pfaendtner, Jim, Linda J. Broadbelt, and Q. Jane Wang. "Quantum Chemical Studies of Free-Radical, Hindered Phenol Stabilizers." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64007.

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Quantum chemical investigations of the action of hindered phenol radical stabilizers in lubricant degradation chemistry have been completed. We are currently developing the first mechanistic models of lubricant degradation with the aim of including the chemistry of additives such as radical stabilizers that are found in commercial lubricant formulations. A key component of development of these models is obtaining reliable estimates of the kinetic parameters for all reactions. Specifically, rate constants and structure-reactivity correlations for the interaction of hindered phenol radical stabilizers with small peroxy radicals have been sought using quantum chemistry and transition state theory. Accurate thermodynamic properties of hindered phenol radical stabilizers and structure-reactivity relationships have been obtained. Such relationships provide researchers the ability to quickly estimate reactivity of hindered phenol stabilizers using their thermodynamic properties and therefore may be useful in additive design.
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Okumura, Mitchio. "BREATHING EASIER THROUGH SPECTROSCOPY: STUDYING FREE RADICAL REACTIONS IN AIR POLLUTION CHEMISTRY." In 70th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2015.ma01.

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Bogdal, Dariusz, Michal Pajda, and Romano Orru. "Microwave-Assisted Free Radical Polymerization Reactions of Metacrylate Derivatives Containing Carbazole in Side Chain." In The 9th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-9-01636.

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Patil, Swanand, Anjum Mehta, Hyoungseok Bang, Hyoung J. Cho, and Sudipta Seal. "A Novel Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Sensor for Free Radical Detection." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82094.

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not only a product of the reactions catalyzed by a large number of highly selective oxidases but also an essential mediator in food, pharmaceutical and environmental analysis. Therefore its determination is of paramount importance in many areas in chemical, biological and clinical fields. Most H2O2 biosensors developed till date are based on enzymes and proteins which have a limited sensor life. Moreover, complex procedures are followed for sensor fabrication. Therefore an inorganic material based sensor with a simple design and longer shelf-life is highly desirable. In this work, the development of a novel cerium oxide nanomaterial based electrochemical sensor for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide is described. This has direct ramifications in the development of sensors for other superoxide radicals.
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Shewhart, Andrew T., Marc D. Polanka, Jacob J. Robertson, Nathan J. Greiner, and James L. Rutledge. "Minimization of Heat Load due to Secondary Reactions in Fuel Rich Environments." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25703.

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The demand for increased thrust, higher engine efficiency, and reduced fuel consumption has increased the turbine inlet temperature and pressure in modern gas turbine engines. The outcome of these higher temperatures and pressures is the potential for unconsumed radical species to enter the turbine. Because modern cooling schemes for turbine blades involve injecting cool, oxygen rich air adjacent to the surface, the potential for reaction with radicals in the mainstream flow and augmented heat transfer to the blade arises. This result is contrary to the purpose of film cooling. In this environment there is a competing desire to consume any free radicals prior to the flow entering the rotor stage while still maintaining surface temperatures below the metal melting temperature. This study evaluated various configurations of multiple cylindrical rows of cooling holes in terms of both heat release and effective downstream cooling. Results were evaluated based on a new Wall Absorption parameter which combined the additional heat available from these secondary reactions with the length of the resulting flame to determine which schemes protected the wall more efficiently. Two particular schemes showed promise. The two row upstream configuration reduced the overall augmentation of heat by creating a short, concentrated reaction area. Conversely, the roll forward configuration minimized the local heat flux enhancement by spreading the reaction area over the surface being cooled.
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Zhukovets, T. A., M. А. Khancheuski, I. V. Koktysh, E. I. Kvasyuk, and A. G. Sysa. "ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF EMOXYPINE AS ADJUVANT OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-52-55.

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Antioxidants are known to minimize oxidative stress by interacting with free radicals produced as a result of cell aerobic reactions. Oxidative stress has long been linked to many diseases, especially tumours. Therefore, antioxidants play a crucial role in the prevention or management of free radical-related diseases. However, most of these antioxidants have anticancer effects only if taken in large doses. Therefore, the combined use of antioxidants with chemotherapeutic agents is an attractive strategy to combat various tumours. This article focuses on the antioxidant effect of emoxypine. The contribution of this molecule in enhancing the anticancer potentials of nelarabine will be demonstrated.
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Reports on the topic "Free radical reactions"

1

Brennecke, Joan F. Studies of Ionic and Free Radical Reactions in Supercritical Water. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396304.

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2

Jacox, Marilyn E. Free Radical Detection and Reactions in the Decomposition of Energetic Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada184677.

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3

Terry A. Miller. Unimolecular reaction dynamics of free radicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890741.

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4

Curl, R. F., and G. P. Glass. Infrared absorption spectroscopy and chemical kinetics of free radicals. [HCCN; CCH-H[sub 2] reaction; propargyl radical recombination]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6566601.

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Dagdigian, Paul J., and Millard H. Alexander. Study of Elementary Reactions and Energy Transfer Processes Involving the NH and CN Free Radicals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238461.

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6

Blank, D. A., N. Hemmi, A. G. Suits, and Y. T. Lee. Free radical hydrogen atom abstraction from saturated hydrocarbons: A crossed-molecular-beams study of the reaction Cl + C{sub 3}H{sub 8} {yields} HCl + C{sub 3}H{sub 7}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/603612.

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7

Kanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen, and Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.

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Food is an essential to our existence but under certain conditions it could become the origin to the accumulative health damages. Technological processes as heating, chopping, mincing, grounding, promote the lipid oxidation process in muscle tissues and meat foodstuffs. Lipid oxidation occurred rapidly in turkey muscle, intermediate in duck, and slowest in chicken during frozen storage. Depletion of tocopherol during frozen storage was more rapid in turkey and duck compared to chicken. These processes developed from lipid peroxides produce many cytotoxic compounds including malondialdehyde (MDA). The muscle tissue is further oxidized in stomach conditions producing additional cytotoxic compounds. Oxidized lipids that are formed during digestion of a meal possess the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular diseases. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 hours during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Polyphenols in the human diet, as an integral part of the meal prevent the generation and absorption of cytotoxic compounds and the destruction of essential nutrients, eg. antioxidants vitamins during the meal. Polyphenols act as antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract; they scavenge free radicals and may interact with reactive carbonyls, enzymes and proteins. These all reactions results in decreasing the absorption of reactive carbonyls and possible other cytotoxic compounds into the plasma. Consumptions of diet high in fat and red meat are contributory risk factors partly due to an increase production of cytotoxic oxidized lipid products eg. MDA. However, the simultaneously consumption of polyphenols rich foods reduce these factors. Locating the biological site of action of polyphenols in the in the gastrointestinal tract may explain the paradox between the protective effect of a highly polyphenols rich diet and the low bioavailability of these molecules in human plasma. It may also explain the "French paradox" and the beneficial effect of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, in which food products with high antioxidants content such as polyphenols are consumed during the meal.
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R. Will Grimes, Norman Merriam, L.J. Fahy, C.G. Mones, Jr L.A. Johnson, F.M. Carlson, T.F. Turner, et al. 1.PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A PROCESS USING PLASMA REACTIONS TO DESULFURIZE HEAVY OILS; 2.PROCESS SUPPORT AND DEVELOPMENT FOR COMPCOAL; 3.MISCIBLE/IMMISCIBLE GAS INJECTION PROCESSES; 4.COMPCOAL: A PROFITABLE PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF A STABLE HIGH-BTU FUEL FROM POWDER RIVER BASIN COAL; 5.EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE FREE RADICAL INITIATORS FOR HEAVY OIL/PLASTICS CO-PROCESSING; 6.DEVELOPMENT OF AN ON-LINE ALKALI MONITORING PROBE; 7.DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM; 8.BENCH-SCALE TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF PYROLYSIS CONCEPT FOR REMEDIATION OF TANK BOTTOMS; 9.HAZ-FLOTE: EX-SITU DECONTAMINATION OF MATERIALS; 10.IN-SITU AMELIORATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE PROBLEMS; 11.THE SYNAG PROCESS: COAL COMBUSTION ASH MANAGEMENT OPTION; 12.CONDITIONING AND HYDRATION REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY ASH DISPOSAL/HYDRATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/767235.

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