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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Free radical photo polymerisation

Academic literature on the topic 'Free radical photo polymerisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Free radical photo polymerisation"

1

Kolińska, Jolanta, Radosław Podsiadły, and Jolanta Sokołowska. "Naphthoylenebenzimidazolone sensitisers for photo-oxidisable free radical polymerisation with the aid of pyridinium salts." Coloration Technology 124, no. 6 (December 19, 2008): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2008.00161.x.

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Garino, N., S. Zanarini, S. Bodoardo, J. R. Nair, S. Pereira, L. Pereira, R. Martins, E. Fortunato, and N. Penazzi. "Fast Switching Electrochromic Devices Containing Optimized BEMA/PEGMA Gel Polymer Electrolytes." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/138753.

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An optimized thermoset gel polymer electrolyte based on Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate and Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (BEMA/PEGMA) was prepared by facile photo-induced free radical polymerisation technique and tested for the first time in electrochromic devices (ECD) combining WO3sputtered on ITO as cathodes and V2O5electrodeposited on ITO as anodes. The behaviour of the prepared ECD was investigated electrochemically and electro-optically. The ECD transmission spectrum was monitored in the visible and near-infrared region by varying applied potential. A switching time of ca. 2 s for Li+insertion (coloring) and of ca. 1 s for Li+de-insertion (bleaching) were found. UV-VIS spectroelectrochemical measurements evidenced a considerable contrast between bleached and colored state along with a good stability over repeated cycles. The reported electrochromic devices showed a considerable enhancement of switching time with respect to the previously reported polymeric ECD indicating that they are good candidates for the implementation of intelligent windows and smart displays.

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Borg, Stefan, Sing Kiong Nguang, and Xiao Dong Chen. "H∞ control of free-radical polymerisation reactors." ISA Transactions 40, no. 1 (January 2001): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-0578(00)00030-6.

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Smith, D. G. "Non-ideal kinetics in free-radical polymerisation." Journal of Applied Chemistry 17, no. 12 (May 4, 2007): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010171201.

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Nikolaou, Vasiliki, Athina Anastasaki, Fehaid Alsubaie, Alexandre Simula, David J. Fox, and David M. Haddleton. "Copper(ii) gluconate (a non-toxic food supplement/dietary aid) as a precursor catalyst for effective photo-induced living radical polymerisation of acrylates." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 19 (2015): 3581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00406c.

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Low, Kaycee, Luke Wylie, David L. A. Scarborough, and Ekaterina I. Izgorodina. "Is it possible to control kinetic rates of radical polymerisation in ionic liquids?" Chemical Communications 54, no. 80 (2018): 11226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02012d.

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This work predicted propagation rates of free radical polymerisation in clusters of ionic liquids: stabilisation of the propagating radical and deactivation of the monomer were found to be the main factors in controlling kinetic rates, allowing for controlled free radical polymerisation in ionic liquids.

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Royles, Brodyck J. L., and David C. Sherrington. "Transition metal complex-templated asymmetric free radical polymerisation." Chemical Communications, no. 3 (1998): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a708059j.

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Noble, Benjamin B., and Michelle L. Coote. "First principles modelling of free-radical polymerisation kinetics." International Reviews in Physical Chemistry 32, no. 3 (September 2013): 467–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144235x.2013.797277.

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Nikolaou, Vasiliki, Athina Anastasaki, Fehaid Alsubaie, Alexandre Simula, David J. Fox, and David M. Haddleton. "Correction: Copper(ii) gluconate (a non-toxic food supplement/dietary aid) as a precursor catalyst for effective photo-induced living radical polymerisation of acrylates." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 47 (2017): 7417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py90190a.

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Correction for ‘Copper(ii) gluconate (a non-toxic food supplement/dietary aid) as a precursor catalyst for effective photo-induced living radical polymerisation of acrylates’ by Vasiliki Nikolaou et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 3581–3585.

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10

Nurumbetov, Gabit, Nikolaos Engelis, Jamie Godfrey, Rachel Hand, Athina Anastasaki, Alexandre Simula, Vasiliki Nikolaou, and David M. Haddleton. "Methacrylic block copolymers by sulfur free RAFT (SF RAFT) free radical emulsion polymerisation." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 6 (2017): 1084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py02038k.

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We demonstrate the use of sulfur free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation (RAFT) as a versatile tool for the controlled synthesis of methacrylic block and comb-like copolymers.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free radical photo polymerisation"

1

Dobie, Christopher George. "A Study of Bulk Free-Radical Photo Copolymerisation and Surfactant Free Emulsion Polymerisation Using Intensified Processing Methods." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512198.

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Shooter, Andrew James. "Living free radical polymerisation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263817.

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Parkes, Caroline Margaret. "'Living'/Controlled free-radical polymerisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488186.

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Eason, Michael Douglas. "Water-soluble polymers from controlled free-radical polymerisation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36687/.

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Functional water-soluble polymers are used in the detergents industry as antidye transfer agents. Anti-dye transfer agents are materials that complex with dye in solution and therefore prevent the transfer of dye between clothing during the laundering cycle. Current commercially available anti-dye transfer agents are based on homopolymers or statistical co-polymers that contain poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone). These polymers are covered by extensive patent protection from various companies and have also been shown to precipitate from solution at high dye concentrations. Novel free-radical polymerisation techniques have been used here to prepare controlled architecture polymers based on poly-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate that contain hydrophilic, anionic and cationic functionality. Free-radical polymerisation has been used to prepare statistical co-polymer species that contain quaternary charge. Atom transfer polymerisation (ATP) has been used to prepare gradient co-polymers and catalytic chain transfer polymerisation has been used to prepare macromonomers as precursors to block co-polymer products. The dye-binding constants of these novel polymers have been determined using an adaptation of the static sorption technique with Direct Red 80 azo-dye in deionised water and in anionic surfactant stock solution. The data from these tests have improved reproducibility compared with previous studies and tests containing anionic surfactant have highlighted the shortcomings of the static sorption model previously used to determine the dye-binding ability of polymers with dye in deionised water. Hydrophilic gradient co-polymers that contain one dye-binding functionality and one water soluble functionality have been found to offer no significant increase in the dye-binding ability of the polymer species in comparison with the equivalent statistical co-polymer species.

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Ludlow, Andrew John. "Free radical polymerisation studies of 4-substituted styrenes." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336419.

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Hart-Smith, Gene On Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "Mass spectrometric investigations into free radical polymerisation reaction mechanisms." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemistry, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44621.

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Contemporary mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation featuring electrospray ionisation (ESI) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) ion sources were used to characterise the polymer distributions generated in various free radical polymerisations, allowing insights to be gained into the reaction mechanisms operating in these systems. In studying atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) mediated star polymerisations of methyl acrylate (MA), ESI was found to be more effective in obtaining a comprehensive list of the distinct products present in the samples under investigation when compared to the employed MALDI technique. Furthermore, these studies showed that terminal Br losses observed at relatively high monomer to polymer conversions could be accounted for via mechanisms involving the acetone derived radicals (CH3)2??OH, ??H3 and ??H2COCH3. Through the use of ESI, it was found that for bulk polymerisations of MA and aqueous media polymerisations of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) initiated using 60Co ??-irradiation and mediated via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), hydrogen radicals formed via the radiolysis of RAFT agent and/or monomer, and in the case of the NIPAAm system, water, are capable of initiating the polymerisations. In the NIPAAm polymerisations under scrutiny, it was also observed that hydroxyl radicals generated via the radiolysis of water may contribute towards the initiation process, and that propagating chains can potentially become terminated via trithiocarbonate cleavage reactions. By using ESI instruments to characterise oligomer samples produced via the free radical polymerisations of vinyl phosphonates, it was observed that chain propagations are initiated via activated monomer radicals, which likely form as a result of transfer reactions involving initiator fragments and vinyl phosphonate monomer units. Transfer to monomer reactions were suggested to limit chain growth in these systems, and evidence was also found for scission reactions involving alkoxy moieties which are formed via intramolecular methine carbon abstraction reactions. Characterisation of the polymer distributions generated in R-group approach RAFT MA star polymerisations using an ESI instrument allowed formation processes operating in acrylate star living/controlled radical polymerisations (CRPs) to be ascertained. Initiator fragment derived linear chains, ideal stars, star-star couples, and terminated star products formed as a result of disproportionation and combination reactions were detected. Evidence for mid-chain radical (MCR) derived reaction pathways was also observed; specifically, for termination reactions involving intermolecularly formed MCRs on both star arms and linear chains, and for re-propagation of intermolecularly formed MCRs on star arms.

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Li, Jianing. "Free radical polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide expanded phase." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576539.

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This thesis describes the conventional free radical and RAFT polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide (scC02) expanded phase and polymerisation of isoprene towards the synthesis of squalene. Chapter 1 gives a general introduction to the methods employed in this thesis. This chapter is consisted of two parts: polymerisation techniques and polymerisation in SCC02. Since the main technique used in this work includes reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), atom chain transfer polymerisation (ATRP) and catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP), a thorough description of these methods are provided. Furthermore, as SCC02 is used, its features and applications are described. Chapter 2 provides a description of the experimental process and the analytical techniques adopted in this project. The high pressure vessels are described in detail. Chapter 3 explores the free radical polymerisation (FRP) with a conventional chain transfer agent (CTA) - dodecyl mercaptan (DDM) in scC02 expanded phase. The molecular weight effect on this system is discussed. Polymerisations were conducted with various monomer/scCO2 ratios, temperatures and pressures. A range of monomers are explored, including methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene, vinyl acetate (VAc), vinyl pivalate (VPi) and acrylic acid (AA). The morphology and appearance of the products are also discussed. This work is extended to controlled/pseudo-living radical polymerisation using RAFT as control agent. The reactions are conducted with different target molecular weights. The polymerisation kinetics and end-group functionality are examined. Finally, the thermal stability of products is compared with the DDM terminated polymers. Chapter 5 describes the synthesis of poly(isoprene) (PI) to replace squalene/squalane for cosmetic applications. The reactions are conducted in both conventional solvents and scC02 expanded phase. Different polymerisation techniques are used, including CCTP, RAFT, ATRP and RATRP. The CCTP process is successfully scaled up and the products are hydrogenated to yield squalane for application tests. Chapter 6 summarises the research presented in this thesis and overall conclusions are provided.

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Arsu, Nergis. "Some aspects of free radical polymerisation in UV-curing." Thesis, City University London, 1993. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8266/.

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Various quinoxalines, in association with N-methyld-iethanolamine as synergist, were used to initiate the polymerisation of acrylates. It was found that the quinoxalines where used with amine synergist are efficient Type II initiators. It was also found that the cure of the acrylate is faster when oxygen is present in the reaction mixture than when it is absent. The photoinitiating efficiency of 2-Methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2- morpholinopropane-1-one (IRG-907) was compared to different initiators using RTIR spectroscopy and N-Isopropylmorpholine(IPM) was used as a model to investigate the properties of the morpholino sustit.uent present in IRG-907. It was shown by RTIR spectroscopy, photocalorimetry,bulk polymerisation and the curing of thin films that 1PM acts as a physical quencher for the triplet state of IRG-907 and that it is a very poor hydrogen donor. Sensitisation of IRG-907 by lix was also investigated and it wasconfirmed that lix can sensitise the cleavage of 1RG907. Photoinduced fragmentation of aminoalcohols by quinoxalines are discussed and the reactivity of the aminoalcohols reflect their ability to undergo electron transfer and to fragment. A wide range of aminoalcohols were synthesised and used as synergist in the polymerisation of a number of acrylates using different methods and the photoyellowing and photooxidation of aminoalcohols were also investigated. Some mixed acrylate-cinnamate systems were prepared to investigate a new dual cure system. The conversion percentage was found to be very low. The lack of cure is probably due to the cinnamates are scavenging the benzoyl radicals.

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Pullen, Graeme K. "2-substituted anthraquinones as photoinitiators of free radical polymerisation." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320492.

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Fraser, Kathryn. "An investigation of nitroxide-mediated polymerisation." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288036.

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Books on the topic "Free radical photo polymerisation"

1

Shooter, Andrew James. Living free radical polymerisation. [s.l.]: typescript, 1997.

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2

Ignác, Capek, ed. Radical polymerisation, polyelectrolytes. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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3

Eason, Michael Douglas. Water-soluble polymers from controlled free-radical polymerisation. [s.l.]: typescript, 2000.

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Capek, I. Radical Polymerisation Polyelectrolytes. Springer, 2013.

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Capek, I., J. Hernandes-Barajas, D. Hunkeler, J. L. Reddinger, and J. R. Reynolds. Radical Polymerisation Polyelectrolytes. Springer, 2003.

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6

Kurinczuk, Andrew Henry. The kinetics of free radical bulk polymerisation at high conversion. 1991.

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Achi, Samuel Sofa. Bulk polymerisation of some azo-monomers: Anion and free radical initiated polymerisation of acryloyl amino azo colours, and condensation of amino azo compounds with cyanuric chloride. Bradford, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Free radical photo polymerisation"

1

Hageman, H. J. "Photoinitiators and Photoinitiation Mechanisms of Free-Radical Polymerisation Processes." In Photopolymerisation and Photoimaging Science and Technology, 1–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1127-7_1.

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2

Amir-Ebrahimi, V., J. G. Hamilton, J. Nelson, J. J. Rooney, A. D. Rooney, and C. J. Harding. "Free Radical Forming Activity of the Grubbs Catalyst and Related Organometallics." In Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation and Related Chemistry, 217–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0373-5_19.

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Sumino, S., T. Fukuyama, and I. Ryu. "2.10 Radical Chemistry in Flow." In Free Radicals: Fundamentals and Applications in Organic Synthesis 2. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-233-00182.

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AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed a rapid growth in flow-based organic synthesis and synthesis involving radical reactions in flow systems is no exception. Flow microreactors have large surface-to-volume ratios that become available by the employment of tiny channels, and this allows radical reactions to occur with efficient heat transfer and diffusion. Flow photomicroreactors with thin, glass-made channels allow for efficient light penetration, which enables highly efficient photo-radical reactions. This chapter highlights recent advances in both thermal and photo-induced radical reactions, which have achieved increased efficiency by using flow reaction systems.

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Amaro, Bruno, Charles D. Immanuel, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Andreas Daiß, Klaus Hungenberg, and Pedro A. Saraiva. "Dynamic Process Optimisation in Free-Radical Multicomponent Polymerisation: butyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate case study." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 577–82. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(10)28097-5.

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Rontani, Jean-Franois. "Photo- and Free Radical-Mediated Oxidation of Lipid Components During the Senescence of Phototrophic Organisms." In Senescence. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/34002.

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"Photochemical Degradation." In Organic Chemistry of Drug Degradation, 165–97. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849734219-00165.

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In this chapter, a number of commonly observed non-oxidative photodegradation pathways are covered first, including photochemical decarboxylation, isomerization, and dehalogenation. In the second category of oxidative photodegradation, type I and type II mechanisms of photo-induced free radical formation and photosensitized singlet oxygen formation are discussed, respectively, followed by a discussion of the photodegradation reactions caused by these two types of mechanisms.

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"Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Remediation: Fundamental Concepts to Recent Advances." In Materials Research Foundations, 37–86. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901144-2.

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Industrialization and modernization in recent times have led to a water crisis across the world. Conventional methods of water treatment like physical, chemical and biological methods which comprise of many commonly used techniques like membrane separation, adsorption, chemical treatment etc. have been in use for many decades. However, problems like sludge disposal, high operating costs etc. have led to increased focus on Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) as alternative treatment methods. AOPs basically involve reactions relying on the high oxidation potential of the hydroxyl (OH•) free radical. They have the potential to efficiently treat various toxic, organic pollutants and complete degradation of contaminants (mineralization) of emerging concern. Many different types of homogenous as well as heterogenous AOPs have been studied viz: UV/H2O2, Fenton, Photo-Fenton, Sonolysis, Photocatalysis etc. for treatment of a wide variety of organic pollutants. Different AOPs are suitable for different types of wastewater and hence proper selection of the right technique for a particular type of pollutant is required. The inherent advantages offered by AOPs like elimination of sludge disposal problems, operability under mild conditions, ability to harness sunlight, non selective nature (ability to degrade all organic and microbial contamination) etc. have made it one of the most actively researched areas in recent times for wastewater treatment. Despite the benefits and intense research, commercial applicability of AOPs as a practical technique for treating wastewater on a large scale is still far from satisfactory. Nevertheless, positive results in lab scale and pilot plant studies make them a promising water treatment technique for the future. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss all aspects of AOPs beginning with the fundamental concepts, classification, underlying mechanism, comparison, commercialization to the latest developments in AOPs.

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"Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Remediation: Fundamental Concepts to Recent Advances." In Materials Research Foundations, 37–86. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901151-2.

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Industrialization and modernization in recent times have led to a water crisis across the world. Conventional methods of water treatment like physical, chemical and biological methods which comprise of many commonly used techniques like membrane separation, adsorption, chemical treatment etc. have been in use for many decades. However, problems like sludge disposal, high operating costs etc. have led to increased focus on Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) as alternative treatment methods. AOPs basically involve reactions relying on the high oxidation potential of the hydroxyl (OH•) free radical. They have the potential to efficiently treat various toxic, organic pollutants and complete degradation of contaminants (mineralization) of emerging concern. Many different types of homogenous as well as heterogenous AOPs have been studied viz: UV/H2O2, Fenton, Photo-Fenton, Sonolysis, Photocatalysis etc. for treatment of a wide variety of organic pollutants. Different AOPs are suitable for different types of wastewater and hence proper selection of the right technique for a particular type of pollutant is required. The inherent advantages offered by AOPs like elimination of sludge disposal problems, operability under mild conditions, ability to harness sunlight, non selective nature (ability to degrade all organic and microbial contamination) etc. have made it one of the most actively researched areas in recent times for wastewater treatment. Despite the benefits and intense research, commercial applicability of AOPs as a practical technique for treating wastewater on a large scale is still far from satisfactory. Nevertheless, positive results in lab scale and pilot plant studies make them a promising water treatment technique for the future. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss all aspects of AOPs beginning with the fundamental concepts, classification, underlying mechanism, comparison, commercialization to the latest developments in AOPs.

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Conference papers on the topic "Free radical photo polymerisation"

1

Cheng-Hung Chang and Zhi-Ming Lin. "A CMOS photo amplifier for living body real-time detection of free radical." In 2013 IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2013.6628100.

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Hayashi, Keiji, Hiroshi Konno, Hideki Kojima, Makoto Minato, Takashi Oseki, Yasunori Kawamura, Kenji Kameko, and Takuo Kanayama. "How to sensitively measure the rate of neutral free radical production by photo-deionization of negative ion beams." In LAMP 2002: International Congress on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, edited by Isamu Miyamoto, Kojiro F. Kobayashi, Koji Sugioka, Reinhart Poprawe, and Henry Helvajian. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.486564.

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