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Journal articles on the topic 'Free Molecular Regime'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Pathak, Harshad, Kelley Mullick, Shinobu Tanimura, and Barbara E. Wyslouzil. "Nonisothermal Droplet Growth in the Free Molecular Regime." Aerosol Science and Technology 47, no. 12 (December 2013): 1310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.839980.

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2

TERAO, TAKAMICHI, TAKUMI TERAOKA, and TSUNEYOSHI NAKAYAMA. "CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROSOL FORMATION IN THE FREE-MOLECULAR REGIME." Fractals 08, no. 03 (September 2000): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x00000330.

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We study aerosol growth phenomena in the free-molecular regime. The growth kinetics is clarified by two different approaches, such as the Smoluchowski equation and the cluster-cluster aggregation (CCA) model. The calculated results suggest that the Smoluchowski equation gives a correct description on the aerosol formation. We also study the light scattering intensity on aggregates with non-spherical monomers. The fractal dimension of aggregates does not depend on the microscopic detail of monomers, which confirms the theoretical prediction proposed by restricted hierarchical model.

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3

Cai, J., and C. M. Sorensen. "Diffusion of fractal aggregates in the free molecular regime." Physical Review E 50, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 3397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.50.3397.

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4

Zhang, Kexue, Liyuan Xu, Yunyun Li, Fabio Marchesoni, Jun Wang, and Guodong Xia. "Self-propulsion of Janus particles in the free molecular regime." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (March 2022): 033311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085921.

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The self-propulsion of a Janus particle suspended in a dilute gas at equilibrium is investigated in the free molecular regime. The Janus particle consists of two hemispheres with different momentum accommodation factors; the particle and the surrounding gas are held at different constant temperatures. Based on the gas kinetic theory, we calculate the particle's self-propulsion and drag force. We conclude that self-propulsion occurs only under the condition that the particle is hotter/colder than the suspension gas, and the self-propulsion force is proportional to the difference of the momentum accommodation factors and directed along the symmetry axis. The drag force, instead, is corrected by a term proportional to the average of the momentum accommodation factors. Our analytical results are confirmed by numerical Monte Carlo simulations.

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5

Tehranian, Shahram, Frank Giovane, Jürgen Blum, Yu-Lin Xu, and Bo Å. S. Gustafson. "Photophoresis of micrometer-sized particles in the free-molecular regime." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44, no. 9 (May 2001): 1649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(00)00230-1.

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6

Kogan, M. N., I. N. Bobrov, C. Cercignani, and A. Frezzotti. "Interaction of evaporating and condensing particles in the free‐molecular regime." Physics of Fluids 7, no. 7 (July 1995): 1775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868492.

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7

Heinson, W. R., F. Pierce, C. M. Sorensen, and A. Chakrabarti. "Crossover from Ballistic to Epstein Diffusion in the Free-Molecular Regime." Aerosol Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (June 2, 2014): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.922677.

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8

EWART, TIMOTHÉE, PIERRE PERRIER, IRINA A. GRAUR, and J. GILBERT MÉOLANS. "Mass flow rate measurements in a microchannel, from hydrodynamic to near free molecular regimes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 584 (July 25, 2007): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007006374.

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Helium mass flow rates in a microchannel were measured, for a wide Knudsen-number range, in isothermal steady conditions. The flow Knudsen numbers, considered here, cover the range from continuum slip regime to the near free molecular regime. We used a single-channel system involved in an experimental platform more powerful than those previously used. The experimental errors and uncertainties were accurately investigated and estimated. In the continuum slip regime, it was found that the first-order approach is pertinent for Knudsen number between 0.03 and 0.3. Moreover, the slip coefficient was deduced by comparing the experiments with the theoretical first-order slip continuum approach. For Knudsen number between 0.03 and 0.7, a polynomial second-power form is proposed for the mass flow rate expression. Otherwise, the experimental results on the mass flow rate were compared with theoretical values calculated from kinetic approaches over the 0.03–50 Knudsen number range, and an overall agreement appears through the comparison. It was also found, when the Knudsen number increased, that the wall influence on measurement occurred first through the accommodation process in the transition regime followed by the wall influence through the aspect ratio in the free molecular regime.

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9

Chinnappan, Arun K., Rakesh Kumar, Vaibhav K. Arghode, Kishore K. Kammara, and Deborah A. Levin. "Correlations for aerodynamic coefficients for prolate spheroids in the free molecular regime." Computers & Fluids 223 (June 2021): 104934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2021.104934.

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10

Boom, Boris A., Alessandro Bertolini, Eric Hennes, and Johannes F. J. van den Brand. "Gas Damping in Capacitive MEMS Transducers in the Free Molecular Flow Regime." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072566.

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We present a novel analysis of gas damping in capacitive MEMS transducers that is based on a simple analytical model, assisted by Monte-Carlo simulations performed in Molflow+ to obtain an estimate for the geometry dependent gas diffusion time. This combination provides results with minimal computational expense and through freely available software, as well as insight into how the gas damping depends on the transducer geometry in the molecular flow regime. The results can be used to predict damping for arbitrary gas mixtures. The analysis was verified by experimental results for both air and helium atmospheres and matches these data to within 15% over a wide range of pressures.

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11

Emerson, David R., Xiao-Jun Gu, Stefan K. Stefanov, Sun Yuhong, and Robert W. Barber. "Nonplanar oscillatory shear flow: From the continuum to the free-molecular regime." Physics of Fluids 19, no. 10 (October 2007): 107105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2799203.

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12

Chinnappan, Arun K., Rakesh Kumar, Vaibhav K. Arghode, and Rho Shin Myong. "Transport dynamics of an ellipsoidal particle in free molecular gas flow regime." Physics of Fluids 31, no. 3 (March 2019): 037104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5081074.

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13

Oh, C., and C. M. Sorensen. "Light scattering study of fractal cluster aggregation near the free molecular regime." Journal of Aerosol Science 28, no. 6 (September 1997): 937–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(96)00488-0.

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14

Spencer, Jacob, Laura Scalfi, Antoine Carof, and Jochen Blumberger. "Confronting surface hopping molecular dynamics with Marcus theory for a molecular donor–acceptor system." Faraday Discussions 195 (2016): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00107f.

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We investigate the performance of fewest switches surface hopping (SH) in describing electron transfer (ET) for a molecular donor–acceptor system. Computer simulations are carried out for a wide range of reorganisation energy (λ), electronic coupling strength (H_ab) and driving force using our recently developed fragment orbital-based SH approach augmented with a simple decoherence correction. This methodology allows us to compute SH ET rates over more than four orders of magnitude, from the sub-picosecond to the nanosecond time regime. We find good agreement with semi-classical ET theory in the non-adiabatic ET regime. The correct scaling of the SH ET rate with electronic coupling strength is obtained and the Marcus inverted regime is reproduced, in line with previously reported results for a spin-boson model. Yet, we find that the SH ET rate falls below the semi-classical ET rate in the adiabatic regime, where the free energy barrier is in the order of k_BT in our simulations. We explain this by first signatures of non-exponential population decay of the initial charge state. For even larger electronic couplings (H_ab = λ/2), the free energy barrier vanishes and ET rates are no longer defined. At this point we observe a crossover from ET on the vibronic time scale to charge relaxation on the femtosecond time scale that is well described by thermally averaged Rabi oscillations. The extension of the analysis from the non-adiabatic limit to large electronic couplings and small or even vanishing activation barriers is relevant for our understanding of charge transport in organic semiconductors.

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15

Feng, C., and L. Y. Jiang. "Molecular dynamics simulation of squeeze-film damping effect on nano resonators in the free molecular regime." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 43, no. 9 (July 2011): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2011.05.004.

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16

Yang, L. M., C. Shu, J. Wu, and Y. Wang. "Numerical simulation of flows from free molecular regime to continuum regime by a DVM with streaming and collision processes." Journal of Computational Physics 306 (February 2016): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2015.11.043.

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17

Singh, Narendra, and Thomas E. Schwartzentruber. "Heat flux correlation for high-speed flow in the transitional regime." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 792 (March 8, 2016): 981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.118.

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An analytical correlation is developed for stagnation-point heat flux on spherical objects travelling at high velocity which is accurate for conditions ranging from the continuum to the free-molecular flow regime. Theoretical analysis of the Burnett and super-Burnett equations is performed using simplifications from shock-wave and boundary-layer theory to determine the relative contribution of higher-order heat flux terms compared with the Fourier heat flux (assumed in the Navier–Stokes equations). A rarefaction parameter ($W_{r}\equiv M_{\infty }^{2{\it\omega}}/Re_{\infty }$), based on the free-stream Mach number ($M_{\infty }$), the Reynolds number ($Re_{\infty }$) and the viscosity–temperature index (${\it\omega}$), is identified as a better correlating parameter than the Knudsen number in the transition regime. By studying both the Burnett and super-Burnett equations, a general form for the entire series of higher-order heat flux contributions is obtained. The resulting heat flux expression includes terms with dependence on gas properties, stagnation to wall-temperature ratio and a main dependence on powers of the rarefaction parameter $W_{r}$. The expression is applied as a correction to the Fourier heat flux and therefore can be combined with any continuum-based correlation of choice. In the free-molecular limit, a bridging function is used to ensure consistency with well-established free-molecular flow theory. The correlation is then fitted to direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) solutions for stagnation-point heat flux in high-speed nitrogen flows. The correlation is shown to accurately capture the variation in heat flux predicted by the DSMC method in the transition flow regime, while limiting to both continuum and free-molecular values.

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18

Chahl, Harjindar Singh, and Ranganathan Gopalakrishnan. "High potential, near free molecular regime Coulombic collisions in aerosols and dusty plasmas." Aerosol Science and Technology 53, no. 8 (May 17, 2019): 933–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2019.1614522.

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19

Perrier, P., I. A. Graur, T. Ewart, and J. G. Méolans. "Mass flow rate measurements in microtubes: From hydrodynamic to near free molecular regime." Physics of Fluids 23, no. 4 (April 2011): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3562948.

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20

WATANABE, Yasuo, and Kenichi NANBU. "Pumping Characteristics of a Narrow Gap Between Parallel Plates in Free-Molecular Regime." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 68, no. 672 (2002): 2195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.68.2195.

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21

Suijlen, M. A. G., J. J. Koning, M. A. J. van Gils, and H. C. W. Beijerinck. "Squeeze film damping in the free molecular flow regime with full thermal accommodation." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 156, no. 1 (November 2009): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2009.03.025.

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22

Kryukov, A. V., I. M. Kurchatov, and N. I. Laguntsov. "Anisotropic gas transport in a bilayer membrane in the free molecular flow regime." Kinetics and Catalysis 53, no. 3 (May 2012): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002315841203007x.

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23

Hou, Xiaowei, Yanming Zhu, Shangbin Chen, and Yang Wang. "Gas flow mechanisms under the effects of pore structures and permeability characteristics in source rocks of coal measures in Qinshui Basin, China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 35, no. 3 (March 28, 2017): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598717700080.

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The gas flow mechanisms in source rocks of coal measures under the effects of the pore structures and permeability characteristics were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and pressure pulse decay permeability method. Various flow regimes were distinguished in the pores and fractures of differing scales, and the mass fluxes through the same were calculated using the data obtained by the numerical and experimental investigations. Results indicated that mesopores predominated in shale, while coal contained well-developed mesopores and macropores. In addition, the permeabilities of coal and shale were observed to be significantly anisotropic and highly stress dependent. The cross-sectional area proportions of the pores per unit cross-sectional area of the matrix in the free molecular, transition, and slip flow regimes in shale and coal were determined to be, respectively, 0.2:0.7:0.1 and 0.15:0.6:0.25. In the free molecular and transition flow regimes, the mass flux decreased with increasing reservoir depth, while the reverse was the case in the slip flow regime. Further, in the continuum flow regime, the mass flux was unimodally distributed with respect to the reservoir depth. The total mass flux in coal was greater in the direction perpendicular to the bedding compared to the direction parallel to the bedding, while the reverse was the case in shale. In addition, the continuum flow regime predominated in coal in both the directions perpendicular and parallel to the bedding, but only in the direction parallel to the bedding in shale. This work presents a comprehensive model for the analysis of all the flow regimes in pores and fractures of differing scales, as well as the anisotropy. Findings of the study are meaningful for establishing the coupling accumulation mechanism of the Three Coal Gases and developing a unified exploration and exploitation program.

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24

Roseman, Christopher A., and Brian M. Argrow. "Low-Speed DSMC Simulations of Hotwire Anemometers at High-Altitude Conditions." Fluids 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6010020.

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Numerical simulations of hotwire anemometers in low-speed, high-altitude conditions have been carried out using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Hotwire instruments are commonly used for in-situ turbulence measurements because of their ability to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution data. Fast time responses are achieved by the wires having small diameters (1–5 μm). Hotwire instruments are currently being used to make in-situ measurements of high-altitude turbulence (20–40 km). At these altitudes, hotwires experience Knudsen number values that lie in the transition-regime between slip-flow and free-molecular flow. This article expands the current knowledge of hotwire anemometers by investigating their behavior in the transition-regime. Challenges involved with simulating hotwires at high Knudsen number and low Reynolds number conditions are discussed. The ability of the DSMC method to simulate hotwires from the free-molecular to slip-flow regimes is demonstrated. Dependence of heat transfer on surface accommodation coefficient is explored and discussed. Simulation results of Nusselt number dependence on Reynolds number show good agreement with experimental data. Magnitude discrepancies are attributed to differences between simulation and experimental conditions, while discrepancies in trend are attributed to finite simulation domain size.

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25

Evseev, A. V., and A. N. Nikitin. "Molecular Weight Distribution Generated on Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization by Sequence of Laser Pulses." Laser Chemistry 16, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/48258.

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An investigation of molecular weight distributions (MWDs) resulting from initiation of free radical polymerization by an arbitrary sequence of short laser pulses has been undertaken. The analytical expressions have been derived to calculate MWDs for a polymerization scheme that contains reactions of chain initiation, propagation and termination by recombination or disproportionation. The MWDs produced by pulse-periodic irradiation have been calculated for a wide range of initiating pulses repetition rates (f = 0.05–100 Hz). The MWD dynamics in the act of polymerization and the influence of the duration of polymerization pseudostationary regime establishment upon the MWD have also been studied. The suitability of the derived expressions for describing the MWD generated by CW radiation before and after the establishment of polymerization quasi-stationary regime has been considered.

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26

Trendafilov, Simeon, Yuri Rostovtsev, and Marlan O. Scully. "Free-electron laser without inversion in the high gain regime." Journal of Modern Optics 50, no. 15-17 (October 2003): 2507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340308233580.

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27

Lushnikov, A. A., and M. Kulmala. "Charging of aerosol particles in the near free-molecule regime." European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 29, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2004-00047-9.

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28

Jin, Xu-Hong, Fei Huang, Xiao-Li Cheng, Qiang Wang, and Bing Wang. "Numerical analysis of flows past two parallel flat plates in the free-molecular regime." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 14n16 (June 3, 2020): 2040120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220401207.

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A numerical investigation is presented for a free-molecular flow past two parallel circular flat plates using the test particle Monte Carlo (TPMC) method, with flow shadowing and multiple reflections analyzed. Flow shadowing and multiple reflections have a significant effect on aerodynamic forces, and the distance-to-radius ratio of the two plates has a considerable influence on flow shadowing and multiple reflections. As the distance-to-radius ratio increases, flow shadowing and multiple reflections become weaker. Different distance-to-radius ratios result in different surface pressure distributions.

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29

Li, Mingdong, George W. Mulholland, and Michael R. Zachariah. "Rotational Diffusion Coefficient (or Rotational Mobility) of a Nanorod in the Free-Molecular Regime." Aerosol Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (December 13, 2013): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.864752.

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30

Martin, M. J., B. H. Houston, J. W. Baldwin, and M. K. Zalalutdinov. "Damping Models for Microcantilevers, Bridges, and Torsional Resonators in the Free-Molecular-Flow Regime." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 17, no. 2 (April 2008): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2008.916321.

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31

Germider, O. V., V. N. Popov, and A. A. Yushkanov. "Mathematical simulation of transfer processes in an elliptical channel in a free molecular regime." Journal of Applied and Industrial Mathematics 11, no. 3 (July 2017): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s199047891703005x.

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32

Popken, Lars. "Fast determination of the state in a cylindrical probe in the free-molecular regime." Transport Theory and Statistical Physics 28, no. 4 (June 1999): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00411459908205850.

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33

Shrivastav, Vaibhav, Minal Nahin, Christopher J. Hogan, and Carlos Larriba-Andaluz. "Benchmark Comparison for a Multi-Processing Ion Mobility Calculator in the Free Molecular Regime." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 28, no. 8 (May 5, 2017): 1540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-017-1661-8.

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34

Cheremisin, A. A. "Photophoresis of aerosol particles with nonuniform gas–surface accommodation in the free molecular regime." Journal of Aerosol Science 136 (October 2019): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.05.005.

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35

Sabelfeld, K. K., K. P. Koutzenogii, and A. I. Levykin. "Numerical simulation of the kinetics of aerosol formation in the free molecular collision regime." Journal of Aerosol Science 26 (September 1995): S153—S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(95)96984-f.

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36

Rahmanian, Mohammad R., Roberto Aguilera, and Apostolos Kantzas. "A New Unified Diffusion—Viscous-Flow Model Based on Pore-Level Studies of Tight Gas Formations." SPE Journal 18, no. 01 (December 28, 2012): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149223-pa.

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Summary In this study, single-phase gas-flow simulation that considers slippage effects through a network of slots and microfractures is presented. The statistical parameters for network construction were extracted from petrographic work in tight porous media of the Nikanassin Group in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Furthermore, correlations between Klinkenberg slippage effect and absolute permeability have been developed as well as a new unified flow model in which Knudsen number acts implicitly as a flow-regime indicator. A detailed understanding of fluid flow at microscale levels in tight porous media is essential to establish and develop techniques for economic flow rate and recovery. Choosing an appropriate equation for flow through a single element of the network is crucial; this equation must include geometry and other structural features that affect the flow as well as all variation of fluid properties with pressure. Disregarding these details in a single element of porous media can easily lead to flow misinterpretation at the macroscopic scale. Because of the wide flow-path-size distribution in tight porous media, a variety of flow regimes can exist in the equivalent network. Two distinct flow regimes, viscous flow and free molecular flow, are in either side of this flow-regime spectrum. Because the nature of these two types of flow is categorically different, finding/adjusting a unified flow model is problematic. The complication stems from the fact that the viscosity concept misses its meaning as the flow regime changes from viscous to free molecular flow in which a diffusion-like mechanism dominates. For each specified flow regime, the appropriate equations for different geometries are studied. In addition, different unified flow models available in the literature are critically investigated. Simulation of gas flow through the constructed network at different mean flow pressures leads to investigating the functionality of the Klinkenberg factor with permeability of the porous media and pore-level structure.

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37

Zhang, Zhenyu, Wei Zhao, Qingjun Zhao, Guojing Lu, and Jianzhong Xu. "Inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the discrete velocity direction model." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 04 (February 9, 2018): 1850048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918500483.

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The discrete velocity direction model is an approximate method to the Boltzmann equation, which is an optional kinetic method to microgas flow and heat transfer. In this paper, the treatment of the inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the model is proposed. In the computation strategy, the microscopic molecular speed distribution functions at inlet and outlet are indirectly determined by the macroscopic gas pressure, mass flux and temperature, which are all measurable parameters in microgas flow and heat transfer. The discrete velocity direction model with the pressure correction boundary conditions was applied into the plane Poiseuille flow in microscales and the calculations cover all flow regimes. The numerical results agree well with the data of the NS equation near the continuum regime and the date of linearized Boltzmann equation and the DSMC method in the transition regime and free molecular flow. The Knudsen paradox and the nonlinear pressure distributions have been accurately captured by the discrete velocity direction model with the present boundary conditions.

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38

Li, Pu, and Yuming Fang. "A molecular dynamics simulation approach for the squeeze-film damping of MEMS devices in the free molecular regime." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 20, no. 3 (February 5, 2010): 035005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/20/3/035005.

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39

Li, Pu, Yuming Fang, and Haiqiang Wu. "A numerical molecular dynamics approach for squeeze-film damping of perforated MEMS structures in the free molecular regime." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 17, no. 4 (January 28, 2014): 759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-014-1349-3.

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40

Yu, Feng, Pu Li, and Zhuo Wang. "Numerical Studies of the Squeeze-Film Damping of MEMS Devices with Perforations in the Non-Continuum Regime." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.130.

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Predicting squeeze-film air damping of resonators in rare air is crucial in the design of high-Q devices for various applications. In the past, there have been two approaches to treat the squeeze-film air damping in non-continuum regime: using effective viscosity coefficient and using the molecular dynamics method. And most of the previous work focused on devices in which the rarefaction effects of air are not significant. For such cases, continuum theory is often adequate. However, we have investigated the air damping on oscillating structures in the free molecular regime in which classical continuum theory is no longer valid. Based on this premise, Hutcherson (2004 J. Micromesh. Microeng. 14 1726-1733) has developed a molecular dynamics simulation code and used in predicting quality factors of an oscillating micro-plate at low pressures. However, his work is valid only for non-perforated micro-plate. This paper, a brief description of the molecular dynamics method is presented first. Then a molecular dynamics simulation code has been developed and used in predicting quality factors of a perforated oscillating micro-plate in free molecular regime. And we have found that the molecular dynamics simulation results have shown an excellent agreement with the experimental data of Kwok et al. Finally, the limitations of the present molecular dynamics simulation code have been reported.

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41

AONO, S., M. ITOH, H. TAKANO, and S. TOHNO. "GROWTH OF NANOPHASE PARTICLES IN FREE-MOLECULAR REGIME AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON MEDIUM-GAS PRESSURE." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96000115.

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A clear linear relation between the gas pressure and the diameter of nanophase particles generated from the modified gas-flow/cold-trap method was obtained for several kinds of metallic nanophase particles. This simple relationship was also verified by numerical simulation using a Monte-Carlo method on the diffusion and coagulation of clusters in a free-molecule regime.

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42

KIRK, WILLIAM R. "THE STEADY-STATE, ERGODICITY, AND TIME-ORDERING IN SIMULATIONS ON FAMILIES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 04, no. 02 (June 2005): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633605001659.

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The free energy perturbation technique employing molecular dynamics simulations is more powerful than may be at first apparent. Intrinsically, one can obtain energies and possibly other expectation values even under decidedly non-equilibrium conditions. Interesting questions are thereby raised about irreversible processes, ergodicity, and time-ordering. Techniques and formulas are presented herein with which to extend the power of simulations into the far-from-equilibrium regime to identify "natural" steady-state regimes, where, ordinarily, one would expect the effects of nonergodicity to limit the utility of such simulations.

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43

BONIFACIO, R., N. PIOVELLA, and M. M. COLA. "PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION FOR AN X-RAY FREE ELECTRON LASER WITH A LASER WIGGLER." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 22 (September 10, 2007): 3776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0703741x.

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In this paper we optimize the experimental parameters to operate a Free Electron Laser with a laser wiggler in the Angstrom region. We show that the quantum regime of the Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission (Quantum SASE) may be reached with realistic parameters. The classical SASE regime is also discussed and compared with the quantum regime.

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Li, Pu, and Cunhao Lu. "Investigation of a compact model for squeeze-film air damping in the free molecular regime." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1324 (October 2019): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1324/1/012074.

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Kurasov, V. B. "Theoretical justification of the von Weimarn law under homogeneous condensation in the free-molecular regime." Technical Physics Letters 42, no. 8 (August 2016): 772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785016080095.

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Sazhin, O., A. Kulev, S. Borisov, and S. Gimelshein. "Numerical analysis of gas–surface scattering effect on thermal transpiration in the free molecular regime." Vacuum 82, no. 1 (September 2007): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2007.03.001.

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Sumali, Hartono. "Squeeze-film damping in the free molecular regime: model validation and measurement on a MEMS." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 17, no. 11 (October 9, 2007): 2231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/17/11/009.

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Li, Pu, and Rufu Hu. "A model for squeeze-film damping of perforated MEMS devices in the free molecular regime." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 21, no. 2 (January 5, 2011): 025006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/21/2/025006.

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Lu, Cunhao, Pu Li, Minhang Bao, and Yuming Fang. "A generalized energy transfer model for squeeze-film air damping in the free molecular regime." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 28, no. 8 (May 8, 2018): 085003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/aabdc0.

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Lu, Cunhao, Pu Li, and Yuming Fang. "Analytical model of squeeze film air damping of perforated plates in the free molecular regime." Microsystem Technologies 25, no. 5 (April 3, 2019): 1753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-019-04421-3.

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