Academic literature on the topic 'Free enterprise Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Free enterprise Australia"
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Malone, Brendan P., Darren B. Kidd, Budiman Minasny, and Alex B. McBratney. "Taking account of uncertainties in digital land suitability assessment." PeerJ 3 (October 27, 2015): e1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1366.
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Simulations are used to generate plausible realisations of soil and climatic variables for input into an enterprise land suitability assessment (LSA). Subsequently we present a case study demonstrating a LSA (for hazelnuts) which takes into account the quantified uncertainties of the biophysical model input variables. This study is carried out in the Meander Valley Irrigation District, Tasmania, Australia. It is found that when comparing to a LSA that assumes inputs to be error free, there is a significant difference in the assessment of suitability. Using an approach that assumes inputs to be error free, 56% of the study area was predicted to be suitable for hazelnuts. Using the simulation approach it is revealed that there is considerable uncertainty about the ‘error free’ assessment, where a prediction of ‘unsuitable’ was made 66% of the time (on average) at each grid cell of the study area. The cause of this difference is that digital soil mapping of both soil pH and conductivity have a high quantified uncertainty in this study area. Despite differences between the comparative methods, taking account of the prediction uncertainties provide a realistic appraisal of enterprise suitability. It is advantageous also because suitability assessments are provided as continuous variables as opposed to discrete classifications. We would recommend for other studies that consider similar FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations) land evaluation framework type suitability assessments, that parameter membership functions (as opposed to discrete threshold cutoffs) together with the simulation approach are used in concert.
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Powell, Trevor G. "Discovering Australia's future petroleum resources: the strategic geoscience information role of government." APPEA Journal 48, no. 1 (2008): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj07020.
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Australia’s production of oil is in steady decline. Given the maturity of the oil producing areas, only the discovery of a significant new oil province can arrest the long-term decline in Australian production. Moreover, the increase in demand for clean energy and the location of Australia’s major gas reserves means additional gas resources are also desirable. Many sedimentary basins both onshore and offshore are under-explored and are classed as exploration frontiers. Only Australian national, State and Territory governments, acting jointly or severally in partnership with the private sector, can ensure that the petroleum resource endowment of these frontiers is appropriately explored and developed to the benefit of the nation. As a nation, Australia needs to know the extent of this resource endowment. A major barrier to the exploration of these frontier basins is the absence of sufficient basic geological information to allow exploration investors to make well-informed decisions. Understanding prospectivity is a primary consideration for explorationists, but such assessments are fundamentally dependent upon an infrastructure of geoscience data, concepts and knowledge which provide the framework of successful exploration. The absence of information means high risk and reduces the possibility of investment in exploration in frontier basins. For exploration frontiers the basic geological information collected by State and national geological surveys is fundamental to informed decision-making by exploration companies. Australia competes with other nations for global exploration investment. Given the sovereign rights to the resource and the importance of oil and gas to the nation’s economy and security, provision of pre-competitive geoscience information by government is an effective way of attracting exploration investment to Australia. However, the supply of pre-competitive geoscience data—which includes ready access to pre-existing industry data and information—is a strategic enterprise that must be maintained for many years if it is to serve the needs of the nation and the industry through the long lead and cycle times inherent in the exploration and production cycle. Promotion of successful exploration is dependent on the maintenance of a competitive exploration environment that includes the free flow of relevant information in forms that meet the need of all market players. Australia has excellent examples of strategies and case histories where provision and promotion of geoscience information has been effective in attracting significant exploration investment.
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Dunin, F. X., C. J. Smith, and O. T. Denmead. "Hydrological change: reaping prosperity and pain in Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-77-2007.
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Abstract. The adage: “There is no such thing as a free lunch”, is relevant to land-use hydrology in Australia. Changes in land use to achieve greater productivity of food and fibre may have an adverse effect on the water balance and hence on the natural resource capital of a catchment. An altered regime of catchment outflow accompanies those land-use changes which, together with land degradation, impairs available water resources in quantity and quality and threatens enterprise sustainability, notwithstanding the initial improvement in productivity. Central to any hydrological change is an altered pattern of seasonal and annual water use by vegetation that has become modified in function with an amended transpiration fraction of daily evapotranspiration. In Australia, since measurement of evapotranspiration became feasible, the hydrological consequences of changes in land use have been determined, allowing the benefits in terms of plant productivity achieved through enhanced water use efficiency to be weighed against changed catchment outflows, diminished in either quantity or quality. Four case studies are presented as examples of ecological and hydrological changes: two deal with the upland forest environment and two with arable lowlands. In an upland eucalypt forest, following wildfire with subsequent regeneration from natural seedling establishment, substantial reduction in water yield occurred throughout a 50-year period of succession in the even-aged stand. In comparison, the effect of converting eucalypt forest to pine plantations was less detrimental to the yield of water from the catchments, with substantial growth increases over 30 years. In the lowlands, agricultural productivity, both as annual pasture and as crop, far exceeds that of natural perennial grassland and woodland. This increase in productivity comes not so much from any change to the yield of total water outflow but at the expense of water quality, compromised with increased material transport in suspension and solution resulting from accelerated erosion in association with outbreaks of soil salinity and acidity. The present study is aimed at optimising management to give plant production outcomes that ensure environmental protection through resource conservation. In the uplands, harvesting of water is the dominant consideration so that conservative management with limited plant productivity is sought. In the lowlands, the objective is to devise novel ecosystems with profitable plant production that exercises due control on outflow in maintaining the chemical and physical integrity of the edaphic environment.
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GALIEV, Zhaken Kakitaevich, and Nadezhda Valentinovna GALIEVA. "Coal industry development strategy in domestic and foreign markets." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-4-212-217.
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Relevance. In the current context, the cost of coal products is growing. Labor productivity in coal mines and open-pit mines is significantly lower than the corresponding indicator in North America and Australia, a significant proportion of unprofitable enterprises, despite the fact that a third of the world’s coal resources and a fifth of the proven reserves are concentrated in the Russian Federation. In these circumstances, the substantiation of the strategic development of the coal industry on the basis of a SWOT analysis is of great importance. Purpose of the study is to substantiate the strategic vision for the development of the coal industry, priorities for the functioning of coal mining enterprises. Research methods are scientific generalization, method of system analysis and analogies. Results. In the course of the study, the possibilities of functioning of coal mining enterprises, threats to the coal industry, strengths and weaknesses of their activities were identified. The ability to function is determined by the presence of huge coal reserves in Russia, the leadership in its production and export, and a significant share of coking coal grades. The identified threats include: a significant decrease in prices on the world market and coal consumption in the domestic market, an increase in the average transportation distance and the risks of introducing environmental restrictions. The weaknesses in the activities of coal mining enterprises, requiring appropriate measures to be taken to liquidate them, come down to the following: increased operating costs, low labor productivity, a significant number of small mines and open-pit mines that hinder the effective development of the industry as a whole. At the same time, the strategy for further development should focus on the strengths of the coal mining enterprises. These include lower capital investments based on conventional fuel, significantly lower than in the oil and gas industry, therefore, during the period of ensuring sustainable development of the economy as a whole, the development of the coal industry will require lower costs, which creates conditions for the development of other related industries, the possibility of introducing an economic mechanism of inter-fuel competition, as well as the effective functioning of the market structure within the “free” oligopoly. Increasing the competitiveness of coal mining enterprises requires the use of accelerated depreciation methods at export-oriented enterprises, the introduction of problem-solving technology at large coal mining enterprises, the establishment of a rational ratio of the used imported and Russian equipment, and the containment of the growth in the cost of railway transport services. The focus on the implementation of the concept of creating a digital industrial enterprise in the industry plays a special role. A number of measures should be taken to improve financial stability. Conclusions. The identified opportunities and threats, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the activities of coal mining enterprises, serve as the basis for substantiating the “Strategy for the development of the coal industry”, determine promising directions for the future of coal mining enterprises.
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Tomasic, Roman, and Ping Xiong. "Mapping the Legal Landscape: Chinese State-Owned Companies in Australia." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 2 (October 2, 2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i2.4737.
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Australia has always relied heavily upon foreign sources of investment and financing and has in the past tended to draw mainly upon British, American and Japanese investment. In recent decades, Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have played an increasingly important role in the Australian economy with a rising level of investment taking place. Chinese SOEs have been more heavily involved in investments into larger Australian investment projects, such as in mining and infrastructure. Australia has seen an increase in the number of Chinese state-owned companies acquiring substantial domestic assets; this may continue following the ratification of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2015. Although Chinese SOEs operating in foreign countries such as Australia are required to comply with local corporate governance laws and principles, they also retain their unique Chinese corporate governance values and culture which they have inherited through their parent companies and from China itself. In Australia, there has been an ongoing debate over Chinese investment, with the business community being particularly supportive of such investment. Driven largely by the business community, this debate has been relatively narrow and has not explored the likely impact of Chinese SOEs and their subsidiaries upon the shape of corporate governance in countries in which they invest. This article seeks to examine the legal contours of Chinese-controlled investment in Australia with a view to acquiring a more informed understanding of the impact of Chinese SOEs upon the Australian legal landscape.
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Richards, Paul. "Peasant farming as improvisation: what theory do we possess and how might it be used?" Journal of Political Ecology 25, no. 1 (October 27, 2018): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.23088.
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Improvisation is currently enjoying an intellectual vogue across fields as diverse as the musicology of free jazz to management science. But what are the theoretical moorings of this far-reaching new enterprise? First, the article offers a brief review of some potential foundations for studies of improvisation. The hypothesis that humans possess neurons for mirrored interaction because they have evolved as social animals is arguably as plausible as the notion that interactive, social behaviour is a product of a neural architecture primed for interactive cognition. Durkheim responded to a similar unresolved set of arguments about brains and cognition at the end of nineteenth century by taking his well-known late ethnographic turn (towards Australia). This takes us to the second part of the article. The ethnography of performance retains its value to nourish our understanding of larger questions regarding properties of human sociality. Specifically, the article seeks to suggest that a focus on the ritual shaping of embodied actions is crucial to understand and address the emergence of a range of competing "styles of thought." An example helps show that the "bubbles" and "echo chambers" of opinion, of which contemporary political commentators complain, are not (as supposed) products of the internet and social media, but rooted in more fundamental differences in social ordering reinforced by variations in practical and ritual performance. The article seeks to bring out the persistent "deafness" of development agencies to connections between shifting cultivation and social practices of marriage and death in a West African farming community. Calls by development agencies to abandon shifting cultivation have no effect. Approaching agrarian intervention via joint improvisation might help two circular arguments sustained by institutional differences to connect. Key words: Social theory, development, ethnography, performance
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Fargher, J. D., B. M. Howard, D. G. Burnside, and M. H. Andrew. "The economy of Australian rangelands — myth or mystery?" Rangeland Journal 25, no. 2 (2003): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj03012.
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Australian rangelands have been perceived as supporting mainly a pastoral economy for more than 150 years. This perception originated from colonial expansion in a frontier economy, with State and Commonwealth institutions established to support rangeland pastoralism. As Australia's economy shifts in focus towards sustainable development within a free and unprotected market, a new economic and social paradigm is needed for the rangelands. This is essential for strengthening regional economies in the rangelands that can survive in a globalised economy, preservation of environmental values in Australian rangelands, development of new land-use opportunities, as well as to facilitate a dignified change for those enterprises that are increasingly marginalised from the mainstream Australian and global economies. This paper explores the significance of rangelands in the Australian economy at national and regional scales, and the significance of grazing in the rangeland economy. It then considers how the grazing industry should be viewed within an alternative economic and social paradigm for rangelands in the 21st century – a paradigm that focuses on regional instead of sectoral economic opportunities and constraints.
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Horsfield, Peter. "Down the Tube: Religion on Australian Commercial Television." Media International Australia 121, no. 1 (November 2006): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0612100116.
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Since 9/11, the question of the place of religion in the public sphere has re-entered public consciousness in Australia, most recently in links drawn between religion and terrorism, debates about free speech and religious vilification, and discussions about religion and the national character. This paper sets a background to these contemporary issues by examining some of the influential factors and personalities in the changing legislation about the mandatory broadcast of religion on Australian commercial television, from its earliest influences through some of the key contests in its subsequent developments. A range of ambiguities and ambivalences is identified, arising primarily from the dual nature of broadcast licences as commercial enterprises and community service, and the contested place of religion in Australian society. These include questions about the constitutionality of the government mandating the broadcast of religion; contests over what is and isn't religion and who has authority to determine this distinction; conflicts arising from the competing interests of stations, churches and the government in the implementation of the legislation; difficulties in defining the purpose of mandatory broadcast of religious content as the place of religion in Australian society has changed; and resistance on the part of government agencies to acting to resolve those ambiguities in such a contested and contentious domain.
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Lillywhite, Serena. "Ethical Purchasing and Workers' Rights in China: The Case of the Brotherhood of St Laurence." Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (November 2007): 687–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607082216.
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As China continues its economic development and integration with the global economy, pressure is building to ensure international enterprises embrace responsible supply chain management and contribute to improved labour and environmental conditions. Despite China's reputation for having a poor regulatory framework, China's labour law is more comprehensive than that of many Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. What is lacking is an adequate system of enforcement. This article draws on the experiences of an Australian non-governmental organization (NGO) in dealing with the Chinese optical industry to consider the important question of corporate social responsibility in China.1 It begins with an overview of the Brotherhood of St Laurence experience and observations in China, examines the challenges and opportunities of responsible supply chain management and ethical purchasing and the impact on workers' rights, and finally looks at implications for an Australia—China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA).
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O'Brien, John. "McKinsey, Hilmer and the BCA: The 'New Management' Model of Labour Market Reform." Journal of Industrial Relations 36, no. 4 (December 1994): 468–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569403600402.
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This paper will discuss the origins and development of the labour market reform agenda pursued by the Business Council of Australia (the council). This agenda found its initial expression in the attempt to apply the McKinsey 'new manage ment' model of employment relations to the regulation of the labour market in Australia. The 'popular' management works of Fred Hilrner are discussed, as is their relationship to the various reports issued by the council from 1989 to 1993 on the development of enterprise-based employment relations. The paper will assess the extent to which the McKinsey-Hilmer-council discourse influenced the terms of the enterprise bargaining debate in the later 1980s and 1990s. In turn, there will be consideration of tlte extent to which the developments in the council's discourse were influenced by changes to the industrial relations system in the same period and the adoption of the enterprise discourse by other contributors to the labour market debate. The paper concludes that the council was able to take a leading role in establishing the hegemony of the enterprise discourse without necessarily achieving a regulatory regime that matched its 'new management' model of employment relations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free enterprise Australia"
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Black, Terry. "A finance paradigmatic approach to regulatory issues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
Find full textBooks on the topic "Free enterprise Australia"
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Andrew, Lohrey, ed. Taking the risk out of democracy: Propaganda in the US and Australia. Sydney, NSW: University of NSW Press, 1995.
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How to argue with an economist: Reopening political debate in Australia. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Carey, Alex. Taking the risk out of democracy: Corporate propaganda versus freedom and liberty. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.
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Broomhill, Ray, and John Spoehr. Altered states: The regional impact of free market policies on the Australian states. Adelaide: Centre for Labour Studies, University of Adelaide and the Social Justice Research Foundation, 1995.
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Eden, Lorraine. Fortress or free market?: NAFTA and its implications for the Pacific Rim. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law = Centre de droit et de politique commerciale, 1992.
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Shutdown: The failure of economic rationalism and how to rescue Australia. Melbourne, Australia: Text Pub., 1992.
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Freyer, Tony A. Antitrust and Global Capitalism, 1930-2004. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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Freyer, Tony A. Antitrust and Global Capitalism, 1930-2004. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Freyer, Tony A. Antitrust and Global Capitalism, 1930-2004. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Freyer, Tony Allan. Antitrust and Global Capitalism, 1930-2004. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Free enterprise Australia"
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Villalta Puig, Gonzalo. "The Judicial History of the Federal Market of Australia: Free Trade Versus Free Enterprise." In World Trade and Local Public Interest, 155–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41920-2_9.
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Trakman, Leon, Robert Walters, and Bruno Zeller. "The Proposed European and Australian Free Trade Agreement: And the Importance for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2017, 491–511. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58832-2_17.
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