Relevant bibliographies by topics / Frederick II of Swabia

Academic literature on the topic 'Frederick II of Swabia'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Frederick II of Swabia"

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Vagnoni, Mirko. "Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1208–1250)." Encyclopedia 1, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030055.

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Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, King of Sicily (1208–1250). Frederick II of Hohenstaufen was the second king of the Swabian dynasty to sit on the throne of Sicily. He was crowned in 1198, but, in consideration of his young age, he only ruled independently from 1208 to 1250 (the year of his death). He not only held the title of King of Sicily but also was the King of Germany (or of the Romans), the King of Jerusalem, and, above all, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. His most relevant and innovative iconographic representations were in Southern Italy. For this reason, we focus on the images in this geographical context. In particular, we have nine official (that is, those commissioned directly by him or his entourage) representations of him: the bull (in three main versions), the seal (in three main versions), five coins (four denari and one augustale), the statue of the Capua Gate, and the lost image of the imperial palace in Naples.
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Pane, A., R. Catuogno, M. Facchini, and L. Morano. "A FORTRESS BETWEEN ARTIFICE AND NATURE: THE LASER SCANNING SURVEY OF THE CASTLE OF PESCOPAGANO AS AN INSTRUMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, CONSERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-405-2020.

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Abstract. The castle of Pescopagano, a small village located on the border between Basilicata and Campania, is a complex of great historical and landscape value, for the inseparable combination that binds its stones to the rock where it stands. Founded perhaps in the Byzantine times, but certainly renovated and built in its current forms between the 11th and 12th century, the castle had considerable military importance under Frederick II of Swabia. Seriously damaged by the earthquake of 1694, the fortress underwent a partial reconstruction, but ended up suffering further collapses caused by the Irpinia earthquake of 1980, such as to motivate the first interventions of securing and, above all, the application of the listing process. Today the castle is still largely in ruins and is only partially accessible thanks to a limited intervention on the paths. The present research aims at deepening the knowledge of the state of conservation, the damage mechanisms and the previous restoration interventions of the castle, in order to define possible strategies for its restoration and enhancement. The analysis work uses the most advanced laser scanning and drone detection systems, in order to document, as accurately as possible, the complex patrimonial system of the castle. Thanks to the combined use of these techniques, the objective is also to define methods that can be replicated in other contexts where the relationship between geomorphology and construction is so relevant that it jeopardizes the use of any other traditional survey system.
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Mangone, Annarosa, Maria Cristina Caggiani, Tiziana Forleo, Lorena Carla Giannossa, and Pasquale Acquafredda. "A Possible Natural and Inexpensive Substitute for Lapis Lazuli in the Frederick II Era: The Finding of Haüyne in Blue Lead-Tin Glazed Pottery from Melfi Castle (Italy)." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041546.

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The blue color of glass and ceramic glazes produced in Apulia and Basilicata (Southern Italy) between the 13th and 14th centuries and connected to the Norman-Swabian Emperor Frederick II, has been, for a long time, under archaeometric investigation. On the one hand, it has usually been associated with lapis lazuli, due to the finding of the polysulphide blue chromophores typical of lazurite. Moreover, the observation that the mineral haüyne, which belongs to the sodalite group as well as lazurite, can be blue and/or can gain a blue color after heating, due to the same chromophores, has caused this automatic attribution to be questioned, and also considering that the mineral is characteristic of the rock haüynophyre of Melfi (Potenza, Southern Italy), a location of interest for glass and pottery findings. In this paper, for the first time, several haüyne crystals were found in the blue glaze of a ceramic dish found at Melfi Castle, leading to the hypothesis that, in this case, the local haüyne-bearing source could have been used as the coloring raw material. The discovery was possible thanks to SEM-EDS and Raman analyses that, respectively, highlighted the typical numerous presence of very fine sulphur-based inclusions in the crystals and the characteristic Raman signal of blue haüyne. This study was also focused on the composition of the crystals inclusions, aided by SEM-EDS and Raman maps, since the original very fine pyrrhotite was transformed into Cu and Pb phases (copper sulphates, copper sulphides, and lead oxide) due to reactions with cations that had mobilized from the glaze, while the migration of Si from the glass allowed the transformation of the rim of the haüyne, a silica-undersaturated mineral, into a corona of small euhedral and neomorphic Pb-rich feldspars, a silica-saturated phase.
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Anufrieva, Anastasia. "Swabia and the Swabian Nobility during the Ottonian Age: in the Center of Europe, on the Fringe of an Empire." ISTORIYA 13, no. 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023136-8.

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The article explores what was a place of the Swabian duchy and the swabian nobility in the state of the Saxon royal and imperial Ottonian dynasty. There are considered the notions about Swabia in three narrative sources of the Ottonian age (the historical work of Adalbert of Magdeburg, and two biographies of the Swabian church hierarchs — Ulrich, the bishop of Augsburg and Witigowo, the abbot of Reichenau). There are traced the specifics of the representation of this topic during the reigns of Otto I (936—973), Otto II (973—983) and Otto III (983—1002) and the gradual transformation of Swabia from a position on the periphery of the empire to deeper integration into the Ottonian state. Such an “incomplete integration” of Swabia into the Ottonian state may be explained not so much by the rulers’ disinterest in this territory as by concrete historical circumstances (first of all, by the dynastical troubles). The integration of the Swabian clerical elite into the Ottonian court environment began primarily with monasteries, not with episcopal centers. This shows that it was the Carolingian tradition that in large part continued to influence the strategy of the German emperors in Swabia.
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Srodecki, Paul. "Einige Bemerkungen zur gescheiterten Kronkandidatur Bertholds V. von Zähringen im März 1198." Specimina Nova Pars Prima Sectio Medaevalis 8 (May 7, 2022): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/spmnnv.2015.08.04.

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Following the death of Emperor Henry VI on September 28th 1197 in Messina, Sicily, a dispute arose over the accession to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. A large opposition to the Staufer dynasty, centred around the “kingmaker” Adolf I of Altena, the Archbishop of Cologne, refused to accept Frederick, the deceased emperor`s two-year-old son, as successor. As a result of this resistance, Philip, Henry VI’s brother and Duke of Swabia, declared his candidacy for the Roman-German throne. His election by the pro-Staufer party in Mühlhausen on March 8th 1198 finally led to his coronation in Mainz half a year later. Meanwhile, the anti-Staufer group of nobles searched for their own suitable counter-candidate. Before the election in Cologne on June 9th 1198 of Otto of Poitou, the son of the Welf Henry the Lion and the nephew of English king Richard Lionheart, Adolf of Altena looked for other alternatives. Besides Duke Bernhard of Saxony, who relinquished his candidacy fairly early on, another who took on this role was Berthold of Zähringen. The following essay will explore his candidacy.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Frederick II: The Last Emperor." Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 36, no. 1 (2003): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3531714.

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Powell, James M., and David Abulafia. "Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor." American Historical Review 95, no. 5 (December 1990): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162735.

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Matthew, D. J. A. "Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor." English Historical Review 118, no. 476 (April 1, 2003): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.476.426.

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Arnold, B. "Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor." German History 7, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/7.3.378.

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Katainen, V. Louise, and David Abulafia. "Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor." Italica 72, no. 1 (1995): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/479973.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frederick II of Swabia"

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Soffientino, Francesca. "La committenza di Manfredi. Fonti e opere." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85771.

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Mallette, Karla. "Medieval Sicilian lyric poetry, poets at the courts of Roger II and Frederick II." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq35235.pdf.

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Giles, K. R. "The Emperor Frederick II's crusade 1215-c.1231." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382170.

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Stewart, Linda Clark. "Thomas Carlyle and the making of Frederick the Great." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5526.

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Thomas Carlyle’s History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, called Frederick the Great was published in six volumes between 1858 and 1865 and was his last major work. Carlyle had a specific purpose in mind when he began writing Frederick. He believed that contemporary events had left Europe in disarray and the British nation fragmented. In his view, the nation needed to function as a family unit, with the older, more experienced members of the group instructing and educating the young. Carlyle’s attempt to address the situation with the publication of his Latter-Day Pamphlets in 1850 had failed, largely due to their aggressive tone. He adopted an entirely different approach when it came to writing Frederick. Chapter one explores Carlyle’s vacillation over his choice of Frederick as a suitable subject for his history and investigates his soul-searching over whether or not to proceed with the project. It examines the three-way relationship which Carlyle created between himself, Frederick and the reader and explores the various language techniques that Carlyle used to create and maintain this relationship. In chapter two, Carlyle’s style of writing in Frederick is investigated. It argues that Carlyle was engaged in the act of storytelling and explores the various literary techniques that he used to achieve this. Chapter three consists of an in-depth examination of Carlyle’s use of oral techniques in Frederick, investigating the variety of oral devices he employed in order to ‘speak’ to his readers and create a unified readership. Chapters four and five focus on Carlyle’s research methods. They examine the texts which Carlyle used for his research—original manuscripts, printed texts, letters, histories and biographies—investigating how these were incorporated into Frederick and evaluating whether or not Carlyle was true to his source material. Carlyle’s two trips to Germany in order to research material are also investigated. In Chapters six and seven, the contemporary reception of Frederick is explored. Chapter six focuses on the reaction to the first two volumes which were published together in 1858, whilst chapter seven investigates the response to the later volumes, exploring the ways in which the completed work influenced the public’s perception of Carlyle as a historian and ending by examining both Carlyle’s and Frederick’s places in posterity. Despite Carlyle’s labours on Frederick it never received the acclaim of his earlier productions but was regarded by many as a marker which signalled the end of Carlyle’s long and illustrious literary career.
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Sbisa', Tiziana. "The Cathedral at Nicosia in the Age of Frederick II and Louis IX: Issues of Patronage, Structure, and Meaning." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1243841684.

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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009
Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-11-23) Department of Art History Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Mathews, Justin Lee. "The Great Men of Christendom: The Failure of the Third Crusade." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1115.

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This thesis is a study of the reasons for the failure of the Third Crusade to achieve its stated objectives, despite the many advantages with which the venture began. It is proposed herein that the Third Crusade—and by extension all of the previous and subsequent Crusades—were destined to fail because of structural disadvantages which plagued the expeditions to the Holy Land. The Christians in the Holy Land were not selfsufficient, and they depended on an extensive amount of aid from Europe for their existence, but the Christians of Europe had their own goals and concerns which did not allow them to focus on building a stable kingdom in the Holy Land. For European Christians, crusading was a religious obligation, and once their vows were fulfilled, they no longer had any desire to remain in the Levant. Although the Crusaders did score some short-term victories over their Muslim adversaries, the Christian presence in the Holy Land was unsustainable, for the Crusades—from the European perspective—were a religious movement without a tangible, long-term political objective, and given those circumstance, any crusade would be unsuccessful.
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Harper, Heather M. "La imagenación de Cervantes: visión y visualización de los cuadros literarios de los capítulos I.28 y II.48 del Quijote." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354330814.

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Cantalupi, Cecilia. "Une nouvelle édition critique du troubadour Guilhem Figueira." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP015.

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La thèse propose une nouvelle édition critique du corpus lyrique du troubadour Guilhem Figueira (BdT 217), originaire de Toulouse mais actif principalement en Italie du Nord dans la première moitié du XIIIe siècle. Poète représentatif du climat historique et culturel toulousain à l’époque de la croisade contre les Albigeois, protagoniste de la diaspora de poètes et intellectuels et membre d’un cercle idéal de troubadours frédériciens, Figueira nous a laissé une chanson d’amour, deux sirventes contre la papauté de Rome et les faux clergés, deux sirventes pour Frédéric II et deux chansons de croisade. Il échangea aussi deux coblas et une tenson avec Aimeric de Peguilhan (BdT 10). Par rapport à l’édition de référence (Emil Levy, 1880) on a inclus une cobla esparsa anonyme contre Sordel (BdT 437) conservé dans le chansonnier P ; par contre, on a décidé de ne pas accueillir les deux pièces qui lui sont attribuées par le chansonnier a2. On a fourni une étude de la tradition manuscrite, qui compte aujourd’hui cinq nouveaux témoins, avec une mise à jour de la bibliographie ; une étude des thèmes, de la métrique et de la langue de Figueira, une traduction des pièces en italien et un commentaire ponctuel des textes ; un glossaire complet et deux annexes (l’édition du sirventes BdT 217.4a qu’on n’a pas jugé authentique mais qui sert pour l’interprétation d’une autre poésie et les premiers résultats d’une recherche sur Emil Levy éditeur de troubadours, avec l’édition de neuf lettres qu’il envoya à Ernesto Monaci entre 1879 et 1887 et que nous avons trouvé à Rome)
The thesis proposes a new critical edition of the lyric production by Guilhem Figueira (BdT 217), who was born in Toulouse and active during the first half of the XIIIth century, mainly in Northern Italy. Figueira’s corpus is representative of the historical and cultural climate in Toulouse during the Albigensian crusade; he was himself a protagonist of the diaspora of poets and intellectuals and a member of an ideal circle of Friderician troubadours. He left a love song, two sirventes against the papacy and the false clergy, two sirventes for Frederic II and two crusade songs. He also exchanged two coblas and one tenson with Aimeric de Peguilhan (BdT 10). In comparison with the critical edition by Emil Levy (1880), we have included an anonymous cobla esparsa against Sordel (BdT 437), preserved by the chansonnier P; on the other hand, we have decided not to accept two other poems assigned to him by a2. The thesis opens with a study of the tradition, which today includes five new witnesses, with an update of the bibliography; we have provided a study of themes, metric and language of Figueira, an Italian translation and a punctual commentary of the poems; a complete glossary and two appendices (the edition of sirventes BdT 217.4a, which we considered inauthentic but helpful to the correct interpretation of another poem; and the first results of a research on Emil Levy editor of troubadours, with the edition of nine letters he sent to Ernesto Monaci between 1879 and 1887 that we have found in Rome)
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Soustre, de Condat Bérangère. "Entre memoria et conscience aristocratique : femmes, art et religion dans le Royaume de Sicile (XIe-1ère moitié XIIIe siècle)." Université catholique de Louvain, 2009. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-03152009-123913/.

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Dans le Royaume de Sicile, le patronage religieux entrepris par les femmes des dynasties normande et Hohenstaufen sous-tend la question de l'affirmation de l'individu dans la société médiévale. Comme dans les représentations iconographiques des reines et des princesses, ces actions mettent l'accent plus sur le pouvoir de la dame aristocratique que sur son appartenance au genre féminin. Mais le patronage féminin est aussi lié à la question de la mémoire du lignage; l'individu se définissant par rapport à un groupe formé de morts et de vivants, la commémoration des ancêtres disparus participe aussi à la création d'un mémoire aristocratique véhiculée par les femmes. / In the Realm of Sicily, the religious patronage begun by the women of the dynasties Norman and Hohenstaufen underlies the question of the assertion of the individual in the medieval society. As in the iconographic representations of the queens and the princesses, these actions emphasize more the power of the aristocratic lady than her membership in the feminine genre.But the feminine patronage is also connected to the question of the memory of the nobility; the individual defining itself with regard to a group formed by deaths and by alive, the remembrance of the disappeared ancestors also participates in the creation of an aristocratic report conveyed by the women.
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BUONAVOGLIA, STEFANO. "Alla ricerca dell’abitare ideale. Le geometrie celesti del Mantegna, La corona di pietra di Federico II di Svevia." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1041188.

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La casa dell'intellettuale quale cardine dell'abitare ideale per l'uomo della sua epoca. Lettura comparativa della casa del Mantegna e di Castel del Monte di Federico II di Svevia attraverso le categorie della Composizione, della Soglia e del Paesaggio. The house of the intellectual as the cornerstone of the ideal living for the man of his era. Comparative reading of Mantegna's house and Castel del Monte of Frederick II of Swabia with the categories of Composition, the Threshold and Landscape.
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Books on the topic "Frederick II of Swabia"

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Frederick II: A medieval emperor. London: Pimlico, 1992.

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Abulafia, David. Frederick II: A medieval emperor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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Abulafia, David. Frederick II: A medieval emperor. London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 1988.

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Frederick II: A medieval emperor. London: Allen Lane, 1988.

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Gore, Frederick. Frederick Gore, CBE RA: Retrospective II. London: Richmond Hill Gallery, 2011.

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Frederick II: The wonder of the world. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme, 2010.

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Christopher, Wynne, and Bayerische Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen., eds. The land of Ludwig II: The royal castles and residences in Upper Bavaria and Swabia. Munich: Prestel, 2000.

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Frederick the Great. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.

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Frederick the Great. London: Penguin Books, 1995.

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Frederick the Great. Harlow, UK: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frederick II of Swabia"

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Wu, Xuzi. "Analyze the Full Life of Frederick II." In Proceedings of the 2022 5th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2022), 3025–30. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-89-3_348.

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Weiler, Björn. "Reasserting Power: Frederick II in Germany (1235–1236)." In International Medieval Research, 241–71. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.imr-eb.3.3442.

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Weiler, Björn. "Loyalty, Justice and Honour: Henry (VII) and Frederick II." In Kingship, Rebellion and Political Culture, 39–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230593589_4.

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Aurell, Jaume. "The Self-Coronation of Frederick II : A Non-Sacred Consecration." In Medieval and Early Modern Political Theology, 245–65. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.mempt-eb.5.111255.

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Wiedemann, Benedict. "Papal Authority and Power during the Minority of Emperor Frederick II." In Europa Sacra, 67–77. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.es-eb.5.118957.

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Jones, Chris. "The Role of Frederick II in the Works of Guillaume de Nangis." In International Medieval Research, 273–94. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.imr-eb.3.3443.

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Weiler, Björn. "The King as Judge: Henry II and Frederick Barbarossa as Seen by their Contemporaries." In Studies in the Early Middle Ages, 115–40. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.sem-eb.3.1922.

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Hasse, Dag Nikolaus. "Mosul and Frederick II Hohenstaufen: Notes on Aṯ īraddīn al-Abharī and Sirāǧaddīn al-Urmawī." In Occident et Proche-Orient: contacts scientifiques au temps des Croisades, 145–63. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rem-eb.3.938.

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Plassmann, Alheydis. "Lordships acquired by marriage. Henry II in Aquitaine and Frederick Barbarossa in the Franche-Comté." In Staufen and Plantagenets, 271–304. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737008822.271.

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Foerster, Thomas. "Crossing the Alps and Crossing the Channel. The ‘Empires’ of Frederick I and Henry II." In Staufen and Plantagenets, 71–120. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737008822.71.

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Conference papers on the topic "Frederick II of Swabia"

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Quarta, Aurora. "Il Castello di “Carta”. Excursus della presenza del castello di Gallipoli nella cartografia storica." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11339.

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The Castle of "paper". Excursus of Gallipoli’s castle presence in historical cartographyThe castle is located at the eastern part of the Gallipoli’s old town: the first data in archives and libraries started from the sixth century under the mention of castrum and in the following centuries there are many informations on parchments, written documents and bibliography published until today. The Syllabus Grecarum Membranarum from the twelfth century and the Statutum de reparatione castrorum of Frederick II are two precious sources about the primitive castle’s architecture.The structure endured the passage of the Byzantines, Normans, Swabians, Angevins and again, Aragonese, Venetians, Spaniards, Austrians and finally the Bourbons, until it became property of the State and now of the Gallipoli’s municipality. It has suffered over time numerous interventions to adapt it to new military needs: the castle was no longer effective with leading defence from new siege weapons, as for other architectures of the same period.The numerous representations preserved in Italian and European archives give a complete picture of the Gallipoli’s urban development and include the defensive system of the city: the different views illustrate the walls and allow us to understand the castle’s main evolutionary dynamics and its connection with the town.
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Furno, Antonella. "Ricerca storica e cartografica delle domus federiciane “fantasma” della regione del Principatus et Terra Beneventana." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11535.

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Historical and cartographic research about the ghost domus built by Frederick II in Principatus et Terra Beneventana regionDuring his reign Frederick II built a series of representative fortified constructions in southern Italy, and after reinforcing the defence line of the border with the State of the Church, he decided to build many residential estates called domus or palacium in the fundamental medieval textual source of Statutum de reparatione castrorum. This research is focused on the study of the landscape in the ancient region of Principatus et Terra Beneventana during the thirteenth century: it is noticed the presence of five imperial domus cited in the Statutum with the name domus Castellucci Battipallae, castrum et palacium Sarni, domus imperatoris in Ebulo, domus imperatoris Apicii and the Castel Belvedere Marano palace. Every domus was studied through a historical and cartographic analysis, and in case of the structure is not recognised on the territory it was organized a landscape analysis in order to propose a hypothetical position. The data that was gathered into ArcGIS software to define the probable locations of the ghost domus were the detailed routes of ancient roads related to the positions of the casalia (little rural communities that paid taxes to maintenance of the royal structures), the Church properties, the urban site, and the other castra and domus.
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3

Farage da Costa Felipe, Bruno, Johnny Marcelo Hara, Renata Menezes de Jesus, Danuza da Silva Crespo Bastos, and Lízia Coelho Medina. "Direito e força: breves considerações acerca da conexão (não)necessária entre direito e coerção em Frederick Schauer." In Congresso Brasileiro Online de Direito. Congresse.me, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/dpho6024.

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Abstract:
Em “O conceito de direito”, H.L.A Hart traz uma reflexão que acaba servindo de base para a criação da figura do puzzled man (ou homem perplexo), muito refletida nos debates jusfilosóficos acerca da conexão entre direito e coerção. A ideia do puzzled man construída por Hart tem relação direta com algumas premissas de sua teoria do direito: o “homem perplexo” indica que muitas pessoas obedecem às leis mesmo sem estarem preocupadas com a sanções advindas de seu descumprimento. Contudo, será que realmente podemos afirmar que o uso da força é dispensável na delimitação da natureza do direito? Uma obra mais recente, do autor Frederick Schauer – The Force of Law - lança novas bases para a reflexão dessa premissa. O presente artigo esboça uma revisão, com pesquisa bibliográfica, cujo objetivo não é realizar uma crítica à Schauer com argumentos pós-positivistas, mas sim demonstrar a complexidade dos argumentos trazidos em The force of law e como, na maioria dos casos, são argumentos acertados. Uma das grandes contribuições do autor, a meu ver, reside na exploração de uma perspectiva até então utilizada como argumento, mas sem profundidade, a partir da figura do puzzled man. Se muitas pessoas obedecem às regras, pelo simples fato de serem regras, por que isso acontece? Em linhas gerais, Schauer defende a hipótese de que é possível explicar o direito a partir do seu viés coercitivo, mas reduzi-lo a esse elemento seria um erro. Assim, Schauer defende que a coerção, um aspecto tão central para autores como Bentham e Austin, surge como elemento contingente e não necessário, sendo “útil, mas não essencial, ubíqua, mas não universal” e, portanto, não faz parte da própria natureza do direito. Partindo do pressuposto de que a coerção é uma característica presente no direito, mas não essencial para a afirmação de sua natureza, a preocupação de Schauer passa a residir na explicação dos fatores que fazem as pessoas a internalizarem as regras de direito e a obedecê-las. Segundo o autor, existem diversas razões pelas quais alguém respeita o direito, mas não por medo da sanção. Dentre elas temos duas marcantes: I) por questões preferenciais; II) por um misto de racionalidade e moralidade. Em suma: o direito não se explica somente pelo viés coercitivo, mas dar menor relevância ou excluir a participação desse conceito na definição de “o que é direito”, não seria condizente com a realidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: DIREITO E COERÇÃO, HOMEM PERPLEXO, DIREITO E FORÇA
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Reports on the topic "Frederick II of Swabia"

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Serrano Coll, Marta. James II and his Artistic Patronage in Santes Creus: Purposes, Semantic Content and the Influence of Frederick II. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2022.16.08.

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