Journal articles on the topic 'Fredegar'

The terse and politically oriented narrative of the seventh-century chronicle attributed to Fredegar often has been compared unfavorably to one of its principal sources, Gregory of Tours'sDecem Libri Historiarum, a complex and layered composition in which historical and theological programs converge. Although a superficial comparison with Gregory'sHistoriaewould seem to indicate Fredegar's own relative disengagement from ecclesiastical and spiritual concerns, a closer examination of theChronicareveals a programmatic effort to endorse royal-episcopal collaboration so that thepax ecclesiaemight be preserved and earthly governance perfected. Writing, as he believed, in the end times, Fredegar shared Gregory of Tours's eschatological conviction that such collaboration would help to prepare theregnum Francorumfor final judgment. A close examination of those twenty-one cases in which Fredegar refers explicitly to the involvement of bishops in court affairs suggests the chronicler's conviction that the professional, political, and spiritual obligations of Frankish bishops were not mutually exclusive. Furthermore, theChronica's ecclesiastical topography, while limited geographically and personalized according to Fredegar's attachment to specific cults and institutions, provides the setting for the author's collaborative ideal, with holy places providing both a context and an impetus for the integration of royal and clerical agendas. While Fredegar recognized signs of divine judgment everywhere, the chronicler's perspective ultimately was optimistic, envisioning aregnum Francorumcleansed of oppression by the judgment of God, preparing the way for the perfection of the world in the age to come.

The paper looks into the discussion on identifying the ethnogonic legend, placed in the Frankish compilation source of the middle of the 7th century, known as the “Chronicle of Fredegar”, of the name of the “king” (rex) of the Turks (Turci), found in the forms Torquotus and Torcoth, with the name of the Turkic prince Τούρξαθος, mentioned at Menander the Protector under the year 576. The main focus is on the hypothesis put forward by K. Bekwiz on the possibility of reconstruction the form *Türkwač, reflecting the reconstruction of the ethnonym’s sound by the named researcher, transmitted in Chinese sources through tu-jue (突厥). The author offers another solution to this issue. According to J. Marquart, the explanation of the name Τούρξαθος, reconstructed by most researchers as *Türk šad, implies comparison with the word du-lu (都 陸), do-lu (咄陸), do-lu (咄六), known in ancient Türkic onomastics and ethnonymy, as well as du-lu (都六), presumably reflecting the original *türük. The possibility of such a comparison is phonetically permissible; in addition, it is indirectly confirmed by the fact that the combination du-lu (都陸) or do-lu (咄陸), registered in Chinese sources as an element of Western Turkic khagans’ titles, can be parallelled with the Sogdian legend on a known specimen of coins of the Western Turkic khagan containing the element twrk in its title..The argumentation follows the development of Marquart’s hypothesis, suggesting that the Chinese sources reflected two versions of the ethnonym *türük ~ *türk transliterration, one of which is just hidden behind the combinations du-lu (都陸), do-lu (咄陸), do-lu (咄六), du-lu (都六), while another, known in the form of tu-jue (突厥), most likely reflects the Mongolian, as P. Peliot suggested, form *türküt.

This paper is an attempt to collect and systematize information about the material conditions of life in the Frankish state of the Merovingians in the 6th century. The choice of the topic is due to the need to compose a complete picture of a persons life from the beginning of the early Middle Ages, which until now has remained poorly researched, unlike the Carolingian period. The sources used are the writings of Gregory of Tours, Venantius Fortunatus, Apollinaris Sidonius, The Chronicle of Fredegar, The History Book of the Franks and others. The paper contains data on the diseases and epidemics that were widespread during the mentioned period, methods of their treatment and the state of medicine in general, hygiene in the Frankish society, as well as the diet and composition of products. The collected material says that: a) the sources of the early Merovingian period are extremely scarce data in the field of life descriptions; b) the Frankish society was very vulnerable to a wide variety of diseases, and the priority of faith over medicine did not allow them to resist; c) ideas about the absence of elementary hygiene in the early Middle Ages are greatly exaggerated, and d) the set of consumed products was distinguished by simplicity and at the same time diversity with rudimentary skills in cooking.

SummaryOur contribution to the Colloquium of Late and Vulgar Latin has been anticipated by previous interventions and articles written on that subject. We have been much helped by the online data of the projects PaLaFra and CoLaMer, which are offering a wide range of texts in late Latin, both historical and hagiographic.We found it hard to define aspirated consonants: they do not exist in modern languages (for instance in French), where they are called digrams or graphical groups or graphemes.In a corpus made up of late Latin texts, we have discovered words of various origins which contain aspirated consonants: the Hebrew ones are very numerous: pascha or proper names: Seth, Lamech, Iafet/Iaphet (Fredegar), Sabaoth (Passio Quirini). There are also Greek words borrowed by Latin: machi- natio, monachus, thesaurus, prophetess. The Merovingian texts (6th-8th centuries) are a real source of words containing aspirated consonants: the unadapted Frankish words of Pactus legis salicae, which occur together with latinized ones: Bothem, Rhenus, chranne. In Liber Historiae Francorum there are many names of persons and of populations which contain aspirated consonants: Chlodio, Merovechus, Childericus, Gothi. There are many hesitations in the transcription of the aspirated consonants in late Latin texts, therefore we consider our intervention a very useful one for latinists, for specialists of Old French and for romanists.

This paper is a logical continuation of our paper The daily life of Franks according to written sources at the time of Gregory of Tours, I: diseases, medicine, hygiene and food. This paper is an attempt to collect and systematize information about the material conditions of life in the Frankish state of the Merovingians in the 6th century in the descriptions of contemporary authors. The choice of the topic is due to the need to compose a complete picture of a persons life from the beginning of the early Middle Ages, which until now has remained poorly researched, unlike the Carolingian period. The sources used are the writings of Gregory of Tours, Venantius Fortunatus, Apollinaris Sidonius, The Chronicle of Fredegar, The History Book of the Franks and others. The paper collects data on the clothes of various population groups, on the weapons and armor of the Franks and the level of military affairs development, on cities and urban life, and some features of the mentality of so far half barbaric society. The collected material allows us to state that: a) the sources of the early Merovingian period, in contrast to the Carolingian era, are distinguished by the extreme scarcity of data in the field of genesis; b) despite a rather primitive look of clothing, it possessed considerable material value, as well as it had a significant essence, c) Roman cities continued to exist on the territory of Gallia, but largely lost their urban character, turning into fortified centers, and c) Christianization had very little influence on the moral character of the Franks; society remained largely barbaric, although some features indicate the beginning of the formation of a new civilization.

In 948 King Eadred of Wessex conducted a military campaign in Northumbria against Eric Blood-Axe. During the course of this campaign the minster church at Ripon – which had been founded by St Wilfrid and which housed his remains – was burnt down. This unfortunate incident was used as the pretext for a notoriousfurta sacra: the relics of St Wilfrid were seized and were duly conveyed to Archbishop Oda of Canterbury. In order to celebrate the acquisition of these distinguished relics, Oda built a new altar in honour of St Wilfrid and commissioned a member of his Canterbury household, one Frithegod, to compose a poem in honour of St Wilfrid. Frithegod responded by producing theBreuiloquium uitae Wilfridi, a poem of some 1,400 Latin hexameters which is closely based on the early eighth-century proseVita S. WilfridibyStephanusor Stephen of Ripon. Since the poem bears in its closing lines a dedication to Archbishop Oda, it must have been finished before the archbishop's death on 2 June 958; in other words, it was written between 948 and 958.

Contentious politics regards protests and social mobilization as democratic disputes over the public agenda. Three social protests occurring in the department of Ayacucho before the social outburst of December 7, 2022, are examined under this approach. The three contentious actions and the local reactions to the social outburst are reconstructed through newspaper review. This permitted to identify similar dynamics in the protests and state limitations to channel them into peaceful solutions. Although protests had different agendas, it was possible to identify the recurrence of the Ayacucho People’s Defense Front (FREDEPA). For this reason, the trajectory of this collective actor from its emergence to the present is explored. It is concluded that contentious politics have different results at local and national levels. Locally it amplifies the public agenda, while at the national level polarizes political actors.

Los sorprendentes hallazgos de Aldaieta (Álava) y Buzaga (Navarra), que han revelado la presencia -al Sur de la cadena pirenaica- de comunidades humanas de -al parecer- fuerte componente militar y con elementos de civilización material a referir inequívocamente a un mundo de influencias norpirenaico (del área aquitano-novempopulana, más concretamente), han hecho que el autor vuelva a preguntarse sobre la credibilidad de un célebre y discutido texto - el del Pseudo-Fredegario-, que hablaba de un enclave cispirenaico que pagaba tributos a los reyes francos allá por los finales del siglo VI y/o comienzos del VII. Un detenido examen de la cuestión lleva al autor a pensar que, a la luz de los referidos hallazgos de orden arqueológico, lo que en dicho pasaje resultaba de más chocante y llamativo se vuelve ahora menos incongruente o inverosímil, y que otra serie de indicios de naturaleza textual y onomástica, que antes venían siendo preteridos a falta de referentes hermenéuticos mínimamente aceptables, cobran hoy, a la luz de esos mismos hallazgos, una nueva dimensión interpretativa, enigmática y turbadora.

Latar Belakang: Kekurangan Energi Protein (KEP) merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di Indonesia. Kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan yang kaya akan protein dan asam amino untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Modisco merupakan formula WHO yang digunakan untuk terapi diet balita dengan KEP, sehingga dilakukannya modifikasi modisco dengan penambahan kedelai untuk menambah atau memaksimalkan kandungan protein yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anak gizi buruk. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh pemberian Modisco Kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan berat badan dan panjang badan tikus wistar KEP. Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan True experimental dengan rancangan randomized pretest and posttest controlled group design. Populasi adalah tikus putih jantan strain wistar berumur 3 minggu. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Frederer sejumlah 6 ekor per kelompok sehingga total sampel adalah 24 ekor tikus. Analisis data menggunakan Paired t-test dan One Way Anova (p < 0,05). Hasil: Rata-rata peningkatan berat badan tikus KEP setelah diberi modisco kedelai selama 14 hari sebanyak 55,33 gram (54,9%) sedangkan rata-rata panjang tikus meningkat sebanyak 1,083 cm (9,44%). Terdapat pengaruh pemberian modisco kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan tikus wistar KEP (p = 0,0001). Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian modisco kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan berat dan panjang badan tikus wistar KEP.

Head injury is a public health problem, especially in developed countries. Head injury due to traffic accidents is one leading causes of death in the world. The use of motorcycles under age is very risky for accidents due to lack of awareness of traffic order, and not using a helmet when driving which can be at risk of causing head injuries. Therefore, provision of health promotion (PromKes) through storytelling about head injuries can affect perceptions and attitudes about preventing head injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of health promotion through storytelling on perceptions of head injuries in students at MTs Nurul Huda. Research This was pre-experimental designs with one group pre-test post-test design. The population in this study amounted to 121 students. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling by using sampling formula according to Frederer so that number of side in this study amounted to 18 respondents. The data collection method used a questionnaire on each variable. The statistical test used in this study is matched t-test. The result of this study shows value = 0.001 < = 0.05, meaning that there is a significant effectiveness after being given health promotion through storytelling on perceptions of head injury and the value of value = 0.001 < = 0.05 for effectiveness of health promotion through storytelling against perception of head injury. Collaboration with related parties is needed to disseminate information about head injury prevention. ABSTRAK Cedera kepala merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara maju. Cedera kepala akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Penggunaan sepeda motor di bawah umur sangat berisiko terjadi kecelakaan karena kurangnya kesadaran akan ketertiban lalu lintas, serta tidak menggunakan helm saat berkendara yang dapat berisiko menyebabkan cedera kepala. Oleh karena itu pemberian promosi kesehatan (PromKes) melalui storytelling tentang cedera kepala dapat mempengaruhi persepsi dan sikap tentang pencegahan cedera kepala. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui efektivitas promosi kesehatan melalui storytelling terhadap persepsi cedera kepala pada siswa MTs Nurul Huda. Rancangan penelitian merupakan desain pre-experimental dengan one group pretest posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 121 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan menggunakan rumus sampling menurut Frederer sehingga jumlah pihak dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 18 responden. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner pada masing-masing variabel. Uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah matched t-test. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai = 0,001 < = 0,05 artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan setelah diberikan promosi kesehatan melalui storytelling terhadap persepsi cedera kepala dan nilai value = 0,001 < = 0,05 untuk efektivitas promosi kesehatan melalui storytelling terhadap persepsi cedera kepala. Kolaborasi dengan pihak terkait sangat diperlukan untuk menyebarkan informasi tentang pencegahan cedera kepala.

When critics write of ‘truth to nature’ in Pre-Raphaelite poetry and painting, they rarely refer specifically to Rossetti. While his paintings situate women in medievalised environments saturated with floral imagery, nature itself seems relegated to an aesthetic function. This trope seems to be continued in his ballads in Poems, where the natural world is allied to the female figure and can be read as directly relating to the beauty of the woman. This essay will argue for a more complex and nuanced relationship between the poet and his poetic figures. Rossetti wrote of his concern that his poems should be free of ‘painter's tendencies’ (Fredeman IV: 413), and though the parallels between his paintings and his poems have been explored thoroughly, I shall argue that there is a disjunction when it comes to the depiction of the natural world, which serves a different, less aesthetic, and more intricate function in many of the poems. This approach is best traced in ‘The House of Life’ sonnets, where the relationship between the speaker's emotions, depicted through a series of environmental metaphors, and the concepts with which he struggles is one which can be unpicked by exploring his changing approach to nature.

Abstract : Post Operative Nausea and Vommitting is one of the most commonly complained postoperative patients with general anesthesia. Provision of early mobilization will speed up metabolism in the body, and accelerate the expression of residual anesthesia that is released through sweating. Early mobilization is one way to reduce PONV. This research method uses quasy experimental design with pre-post-test research with control group design. Sampling uses the Frederer formula. The number of samples studied amounted to 36 respondents. This study uses the RINVR instrument to measure a patient's PONV, and uses an early SOP for mobilization as a reference in providing interventions. This research was conducted in January-February 2020. The results of the study in the treatment group were given early mobilization interventions showing changes before being given the intervention, the mean value showed 11.61 to 0.00 after being given the intervention, and the p value was 0,000. The results of the study in the control group were given pharmako intervention alone showed a change before being given an intervention the mean value showed 9.61 to 0.83 after being given the intervention and the p value was 0,000. The results of the study the effect of early mobilization on PONV showed a P value of 0.003. Early mobilization causes a smooth circulatory system so that the CVC system that was previously disrupted and excreted residual anesthesia through sweat. Suggestions for further researchers to examine the differences in the duration of early mobilization so as to reduce nausea and vomiting in postoperative patients.

Abstract : Post Operative Nausea and Vommitting is one of the most commonly complained postoperative patients with general anesthesia. Provision of early mobilization will speed up metabolism in the body, and accelerate the expression of residual anesthesia that is released through sweating. Early mobilization is one way to reduce PONV. This research method uses quasy experimental design with pre-post-test research with control group design. Sampling uses the Frederer formula. The number of samples studied amounted to 36 respondents. This study uses the RINVR instrument to measure a patient's PONV, and uses an early SOP for mobilization as a reference in providing interventions. This research was conducted in January-February 2020. The results of the study in the treatment group were given early mobilization interventions showing changes before being given the intervention, the mean value showed 11.61 to 0.00 after being given the intervention, and the p value was 0,000. The results of the study in the control group were given pharmako intervention alone showed a change before being given an intervention the mean value showed 9.61 to 0.83 after being given the intervention and the p value was 0,000. The results of the study the effect of early mobilization on PONV showed a P value of 0.003. Early mobilization causes a smooth circulatory system so that the CVC system that was previously disrupted and excreted residual anesthesia through sweat. Suggestions for further researchers to examine the differences in the duration of early mobilization so as to reduce nausea and vomiting in postoperative patients.

Injuries are cases of injury that are often experienced by every human being. A wound is the loss or damage of some body tissue. Many andaliman fruits contain many phytochemicals such as phenols, saponins, flavonoids, triterpioids, and alkaloids. Its terpenoid content has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity repellents. Iris / incision wounds, which are wounds caused by sharp object slices such as knives, cause damage to vessels that are large enough if the slice is deep enough. This study aims to find out the effect of Andaliman Fruit Essential Oil Saleb (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) on wound healing in white rats. This experimental study with the approach of Pre-test and Post-test group only control design was conducted January to February 2021, at the Herbarium Medanese FMIPA USU, the Pharmacognosive Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy USU, and the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology USU. The samples were Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.), and male white rats. The number of samples using frederer formula, so determined the number of as many as 25 rats selected randomly divided into 5 groups. Data analysis uses the normality test statistical data test, and the ANOVA test. The results of the study that andaliman fruit extract has several bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that play a role in wound healing. The optimum concentration of Saleb Andaliman fruit essential oil that can heal wounds in white rats is 5%. The highest percentage of cures on the 14th day was in positive control (Bioplacenton®) which was 95% and followed by an extract of 5% v/v with a cure percentage of 90%. Essential oil of andaliman fruit extract has the ability to approach Bioplacenton® in healing wounds in mice.

Abstract Introduction: High LDH activity is associated with a poor prognosis in many cancer types, especially in melanoma where it is the strongest indicator of poor outcome even with the most potent anticancer immunotherapies or targeted therapies. Although high LDH blood activity is often associated with high tumor burden, this is not always the case and there is no definitive demonstration that blood LDH activity is directly derived from tumors cells. Our objectives were 1) to explore the biological impact of LDHA and LDHB independently of their metabolic function 2) to explore the respective prognostic values of the 5 LDH isoforms as well as the relationship between tumor and blood LDH isoforms repartition in melanoma patients. Material, Patients, Methods: A375 melanoma cells cultured in glucose or galactose (to evaluate glycolytic independent effects) were silenced for LDHA or LDHB expression using si-RNAs. RNAseq analysis of total RNAs and polysomal RNAs was performed to explore the transcriptional and translational impacts of LDHA and LDHB expression. In melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy, the enzymatic activities of each of the 5 LDH isoforms (encoded by LDHA and LDHB) were measured in tumors and blood samples. The prognostic values of the distinct isoforms as well as the correlation between the isoforms distribution in blood and tumors were evaluated. Results: In vitro, independently of their metabolic effect, both LDHA and LDHB had distinct transcriptional and translational impacts on the control of several key oncogenic pathways (adhesion, survival, proliferation, immunity) with a more important effect of LDHA vs LDHB silencing. In vivo, among 64 melanoma patients including 25% with high LDH, high LDH1 (B4) activity was significantly associated with response and overall survival (OS) whereas high LDH4 (A3B1) was inversely associated with response and OS. LDH1 and LDH4 were associated with survival even among patients with normal LDH levels. For patients with paired (tumor and blood) isoforms analysis, there was no correlation between isoforms repartition suggesting that blood LDH activity is not directly related to tumor LDH. Conclusion: In addition to their metabolic activity, LDH enzymes, particularly LDHA, control several key oncogenic pathways at the transcriptional level but also at the translational level for a set of genes involved in cancer biology. LDH1 and LDH4 isoforms blood levels are differentially correlated with response to immunotherapy and survival. They are more robust prognostic biomarkers than total blood LDH level used in our daily practice. Thus, LDH is much more than just a marker of tumor burden in melanoma and the origins, the significance and the roles of blood LDH isoforms need to be revisited. These results highlight the need to develop anticancer drugs targeting LDH, and especially LDHA. Citation Format: Laura Soumoy, Virginie Quidville, Lisa Fredeau, Giuseppina Claps, Caroline Pradon, Ludovic Lacroix, Emilie Routier, Djaouida Belkadi, Séverine Roy, Feras Chehade, Stephan Vagner, Caroline Robert. Roles of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in melanoma: an underestimated prognostic biomarker [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2177.

Настоящая работа является первым общим описанием на русском языке двух некрополей Кампокиаро (Кампобассо, Италия) – Виченне и Морионе, датируемых последней третью VII в. – началом VIII в. Культурное содержание некрополей показывает прочные связи с населением центральноазиатского происхождения. Важнейшим признаком некрополей являются захоронения с конем, соответствующие евразийскому кочевому погребальному обряду. Автор поддержал выводы европейских исследователей о том, что с большой долей вероятности некрополи оставлены булгарами дукса–гаштальда Алзеко, зафиксированными Павлом Диаконом в VIII в. на территориях Бояно, Сепино и Изернии. Аналогии некрополей Кампокиаро с погребениями Аварского каганата показывают присутствие в аварском обществе булгар со схожим погребальным обрядом. Из тысяч погребений с конем, оставленных аварским населением, булгарам могла принадлежать большая часть. Авары и булгары составляли основу и правящую верхушку каганата. 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This article is part of a larger project that seeks to understand the role of the etymological method in historical writings. I analyse the account of the Trojan origin of the Franks in the Chronicle of Fredegar and demonstrate that Fredegar uses the etymological method as an epistemological resource and a catalyst to the narrative, and that taking this into account sheds light on some of Fredegar's narrative choices. Particularly, the use of the etymological method explains the extraordinary association of the Franks with the Turks, which has long puzzled historians. My conclusions advocate for an inclusive and methodologically careful consideration of etymological stories to understand the internal logic of medieval historical narratives and the methods that shape their messages. My reading suggests that Fredegar's is not a story of ethnic uniqueness but a scholarly account of kinship between the peoples of Eurasia.

Статья предлагает западноевропейские параллели к рождению триксте-ра Сырдона в нартовском эпосе осетин. Это династические мифы известного франк-ского королевского рода Меровингов, отразившиеся в хронике Фредегара. Предок ди-настии Меровинг родился вследствие того, что королева на берегу моря вступила всвязь с чудовищем в образе коня (кентавра), связанным с морским богом Нептуном, какего именует хронист. Вследствие этого все Меровинги обладали некими зверинымичертами, прежде всего шерстью на хребте, о чем сообщают византийские и немецкиеисточники. Это чудесное происхождение выступало обоснованием сакральной природывласти франкских монархов. Следы этого же мифа прослеживаются у другого средне-векового германского народа – лангобардов. Они, вероятно, обязаны своим появлениемдинастическим связям правящего лангобардского рода по женской линии с Меровингами.Но там миф о происхождении принца от морского чудовища, из-за свержения молодогокороля Адалоальда, претендовавшего на такое сверхъестественное происхождение исакрализацию своей власти, получил негативную оценку, осуждался и был трактован вхристианском духе. Именно в таком виде он зафиксирован историком Павлом Диаконом.Степные, иранские культурные, а возможно, и этногенетические связи средневековыхфранков заставляют внимательнее отнестись к тому, что сюжет мифа перекликает-ся со скифо-сакским культом бога моря Тагимасада как предка царской династии. С по-читанием Тагимасада были связаны изображения морского коня в скифском искусстве.Тагимасаду в нартовском эпосе соответствует Донбеттыр, владеющий чудеснымиморскими лошадьми и выступающий предком правящего рода Ахсартаггата. От свя-зи Дзерассы с Донбеттыром Гетагом рождается Сырдон, обладающий рядом звериныхчерт. The article offers Western European parallels to the birth of the trickster Syrdon in theNart epic of the Ossetians. These are the dynastic myths of the famous Frankish royal familyof the Merovingians, refl ected in the chronicle of Fredegar. The ancestor of the Merovingiandynasty was born due to the fact that the queen on the seashore entered into a relationship witha monster in the form of a horse (centaur) associated with the sea god Neptune, as the chroniclercalls him. As a result, all the Merovingians possessed certain bestial features, primarily the hairon the ridge, as reported by Byzantine and German sources. This miraculous origin was thejustifi cation for the sacred nature of the power of the Frankish monarchs. Traces of the samemyth can be traced to another medieval Germanic people, the Lombards. They probably owetheir appearance to the dynastic ties of the ruling Lombard family along the female line with theMerovingians. But there the myth about the origin of the prince from the sea monster, due to theoverthrow of the young king Adaloald, who claimed to have such a supernatural origin and thesacralization of his power, received a negative assessment, was condemned and interpreted inthe Christian spirit. It is in this form that it was recorded by the historian Paul the Deacon. Thesteppe, Iranian cultural, and possibly ethnogenetic ties of the medieval Franks make us pay moreattention to the fact that the plot of the myth has something in common with the Scythian-Sakacult of the god of the sea Thagimasad as the ancestor of the royal dynasty. Images of a sea horsein Scythian art were associated with the veneration of Thagimasad. In the Nart epic Thagimasadcorresponds to Donbettyr, who owns wonderful sea horses and is the ancestor of the rulingclan of Æhsærtæggatæ. From Dzerassæ's connection with Donbettyr Gætæg, Syrdon is born,possessing a number of bestial features.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Claviceps africana Freder., Mantle & De Milliano. Hosts: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Argentina, Australia, Queensland, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Goias, Minas, Gerais, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ethiopia, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Thailand, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Background : Mobile Phone (MP) is a wireless communication tools that nowadays used by people with many features that can ease the user. Cellphone is releasing electromagnetic radiation that can causes side effect for the user itself, one example of the side effect is disturbing the melatonin hormone synthesis that can cause the abnormal sirkadian body rythm, so the sleep patterns are disrupted, causing insomnia, islam is teaching us to keep our health, for example is to keep the rythm of our bedtime regularly. Objective : Knowing the relation between exposure duration of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation to melatonin level of Wistar albino rats observed by medicine and islam perspectives. Methods : This study was experimental study, total sample was determined by frederer theory and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistic 21 for Windows. Results : The results showed that melatonin levels in the positive control group (dark control group) 13,705 ± 0,500 were compared with the group which exposed for 3 hours 13,375 ± 0,654 with (p=0,299) and in the positive control group (dark control group) 13,705 ± 0,500 compared with the group which exposed for 6 hours 13,223 ± 0,529 with (p=0,116). Conclusions : There is no significant relation between exposure duration of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation to melatonin levels in Wistar albino rats.

In the current hybrid media environment, politicians have manifold opportunities to be in contact with voters during elections. Legacy news media still constitute an important campaign tool for politi- cians, but a range of social media have gained ground in electoral campaigning over the last decades as well. Against this backdrop, the aim of this study is to shed further light on politicians’ campaign practices in a hybrid communication environment, and whether the introduction of social media have introduced new dynamics into election campaigns. The study does so through a case study of Dan- ish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and opposition party leader Alex Vanopslagh’s social media campaigns and online news pres- ence during the 2022 national election. The study finds that Freder- iksen was more in the news during the election than Vanopslagh, but that social media was central in both campaigns. However, Van- opslagh was on a broader set of social media and to a greater extent capitalised on the platform affordances than Frederiksen.