Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fraud

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fraud'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fraud"

1

Overvold, Gary E., and Ingrid G. Farreras. "Review: Freud as Fraud." Theory & Psychology 19, no. 3 (June 2009): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354309104219.

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Kurzweil, Edith. "Did freud commit fraud?" Society 31, no. 3 (March 1994): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02693228.

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Bartulović, Marijana, Dijana Perkušić, and Ivan Kovačević. "Differences in business fraud between state-owned and private companies: case of Croatia." Financial Internet Quarterly 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2023-0023.

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Abstract Fraud presents a serious problem and arising issue for all of society at national and global levels. According to global fraud research conducted by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, it is estimated that the average company loses about 5% of its annual revenue due to different types of business fraud. Total estimated annual fraud losses according to global ACFE research reaches about 4.7 trillion dollars. Business frauds also present an important issue for the Croatian economy, business community and society as a whole. Thereby, considerable attention should be given to this issue with the aim of raising awareness throughout society on fraud and its negative and destructive impact on all of society. The main purpose of this paper is to examine differences in fraud characteristics between state-owned and private companies in the Republic of Croatia. Research was based on data on business frauds obtained by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners Croatia which included 124 respondents. Data were related to frauds that occurred in Croatian companies in 2021 and 2020. In this paper we focused on fraud characteristics such as fraud loss, type of fraud, fraud duration and methods of fraud detection in order to determine whether fraud in privately owned companies differs significantly from fraud in state-owned companies. Research results revealed how differences in fraud characteristics among privately and state-owned companies exist. Based on a sample of Croatian companies that were victims of fraud, it is noted how fraud in state-owned companies lasts longer and creates greater loses in comparison to fraud in private owned companies. Moreover, data related to estimated fraud loss and fraud duration were statistically significant in terms of differentiating these two groups of companies. Based on data on discriminatory variables a logistic regression model correctly classified 78.46% of companies in the group of companies that are privately or state-owned.
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Hariawan, I. Made Hangga, Ni Komang Sumadi, and Ni Wayan Alit Erlinawati. "PENGARUH KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM, DAN MORALITAS INDIVIDU TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN KECURANGAN (FRAUD) DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA." Hita Akuntansi dan Keuangan 1, no. 1 (July 13, 2020): 586–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/hak.v1i1.791.

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Prevention of fraud (fraudi) is an act or an effort to prevent or detain a person from not doing an act of fraud which is found to be detrimental. This study aims to determine the effect of competence in human resources, whistleblowingi systemi and individual morality in the face of preventive fraud (fraudi) in managing the financial management of Desai in Desai in Klungkung District. This research was conducted in all Desai offices in Klungkung District. With a total sample of 87 Desai apparatus, the sampling method used was purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques used in this research are Descriptive Statistics, Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression, Determination Coefficient, F Test and T Test. The results of the study show that the competence of human resources does not affect the prevention of fraud (fraudi). Whistleblowingi systemi positively influences the prevention of fraud (fraudi). Individual morality has a positive effect on preventing fraud (fraudi).
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Beasley, Mark S., Joseph V. Carcello, Dana R. Hermanson, and Paul D. Lapides. "Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Consideration of Industry Traits and Corporate Governance Mechanisms." Accounting Horizons 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2000.14.4.441.

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This paper provides insight into financial statement fraud instances investigated during the late 1980s through the 1990s within three volatile industries—technology, health care, and financial services—and highlights important corporate governance differences between fraud companies and no-fraud benchmarks on an industry-by-industry basis. The fraud techniques used vary substantially across industries, with revenue frauds most common in technology companies and asset frauds and misappropriations most common in financial-services firms. For each of these three industries, the sample fraud companies have very weak governance mechanisms relative to no-fraud industry benchmarks. Consistent with prior research, the fraud companies in the technology and financial-services industries have fewer audit committees, while fraud companies in all three industries have less independent audit committees and less independent boards. In addition, this study provides initial evidence that the fraud companies in the technology and health-care industries have fewer audit committee meetings, and fraud companies in all three industries have less internal audit support. This study of more current financial statement fraud instances contributes by updating our understanding of fraud techniques and risk factors in three key industries. Auditors should consider the industry context as they evaluate the risk of financial fraud, and they should compare clients' governance mechanisms to relevant no-fraud industry benchmarks.
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Venkata Suryanarayana, S., G. N. Balaji, and G. Venkateswara Rao. "Machine Learning Approaches for Credit Card Fraud Detection." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.9356.

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With the extensive use of credit cards, fraud appears as a major issue in the credit card business. It is hard to have some figures on the impact of fraud, since companies and banks do not like to disclose the amount of losses due to frauds. At the same time, public data are scarcely available for confidentiality issues, leaving unanswered many questions about what is the best strategy. Another problem in credit-card fraud loss estimation is that we can measure the loss of only those frauds that have been detected, and it is not possible to assess the size of unreported/undetected frauds. Fraud patterns are changing rapidly where fraud detection needs to be re-evaluated from a reactive to a proactive approach. In recent years, machine learning has gained lot of popularity in image analysis, natural language processing and speech recognition. In this regard, implementation of efficient fraud detection algorithms using machine-learning techniques is key for reducing these losses, and to assist fraud investigators. In this paper logistic regression, based machine learning approach is utilized to detect credit card fraud. The results show logistic regression based approaches outperforms with the highest accuracy and it can be effectively used for fraud investigators.
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Fleming, A. Scott, Dana R. Hermanson, Mary-Jo Kranacher, and Richard A. Riley. "Financial Reporting Fraud: Public and Private Companies." Journal of Forensic Accounting Research 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): A27—A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jfar-51475.

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ABSTRACT This study uses survey data gathered by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) and provided to the Institute for Fraud Prevention (IFP) to examine differences in the profile of financial reporting fraud (FRF) between private companies and public companies. Although private companies represent a significant portion of the economy, largely due to lack of data on these companies, most research on FRF examines only public companies. The primary objective of this study is to determine how private company FRF is different from FRF in public companies. Our multivariate tests reveal that public companies have stronger anti-fraud environments, are more likely to have frauds that involve timing differences, tend to experience larger frauds, have frauds that involve a larger number of perpetrators, and are less likely to have frauds that are discovered by accident. Overall, it appears that the stronger anti-fraud environment in public companies leads public company FRF perpetrators to use less obvious fraud methods (i.e., timing differences) and to involve larger fraud teams to circumvent the controls. These public company frauds are larger than in private companies, and their larger size may make them more likely to be detected through formal means, rather than by accident. Based on the results, we encourage auditors and others to be particularly attuned to the unique risks of the public versus private setting.
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Levi, Michael. "Organized fraud and organizing frauds." Criminology & Criminal Justice 8, no. 4 (November 2008): 389–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895808096470.

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Godana, Hillary, Samson Wokabi Mwangi, and Panuel Mwaeke. "Security Managers’ Perspectives on Challenges Facing Commercial Banks in Preventing Frauds in Nairobi City County, Kenya." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.912.13539.

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This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on Security Managers’ perspectives on challenges facing Commercial Banks in Preventing Frauds in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was motivated by continued rise of frauds in commercial banks in the county, despite the extensive mitigation measures put in place to deter frauds. The study established the nature of frauds prevalent in Kenya commercial banks in Nairobi County, assessed the determinants of fraud in Kenya commercial banks, determined Bank Security Managers Capacity in fraud prevention, and finally examined Security Managers perceptions on the relationship between the existing preventive measures and emerging Bank fraud trends in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was grounded by the Fraud Triangle concept and adopted a case study qualitative design. The main method of data collection was the interview. The study comprises of 50 respondents: 39 main respondents and 11 Key Informants. The census sampling Method was used to select respondents for the study. Data was transcribed and the transcriptions coded using NVIVO software. The study established three major types of frauds; Management frauds, Non-Management Frauds and Third Party Frauds, all said to be on an increase trend. According to this study fraud rates are higher at Nairobi County (90%), than at other counties (70%). Mobile and Internet banking frauds were found to be the new threats challenging commercial banks because by their very nature because of technological sophistication, were committed from geographical location including outside the country. The study established two major determinants of frauds; Fraudsters Perspectives and institutional related factors. Major fraudster’s perspectives include; condition under which people can rationalize their prospective crimes, opportunities to commit crimes, perceived suitability of targets for fraud, technical ability of the fraudster, the possibility and likelihood of the fraud being discovered and the nature of consequences. Institutional factors that influence fraud prevalence include; weak accounting and control systems, and ineffective internal audits. According to the study, technological sophistication has outsmarted many security managers in the banking sector, because of their technological skills gaps in Fraud forensics. Finally, the study established the relationship between existing preventive measures and emerging Bank fraud trends in Nairobi County. Major policy recommendations suggested to cut frauds at the nib include; benchmarking for best internationally recognized standards such as carrying out expected and unexpected audits, enforced internal controls, regular training of security managers, and review of commercial banks organogram that will place security managers at a position to police frauds perpetrated by management.
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Nyoman Ayu Suryandari, Ni, I. Ketut Yadnyana, Dodik Ariyanto, and Ni Made Adi Erawati. "Determinant of fraudulent behavior in the Indonesian rural bank sector using the fraud hexagon perspective." Banks and Bank Systems 18, no. 4 (November 22, 2023): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(4).2023.16.

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Asia Pacific is the region with the highest number of losses in the world. While Indonesia ranks fourth in the number of frauds, it has the highest increase in frauds based on the CPI index. This study aims to examine employee fraud triggered by the six components of the fraud hexagon. This study tries to develop the hexagon fraud element by adding power distance elements and using ethical values as a moderating variable. This study conducted a survey of 351 respondents. Using a purposive sampling method, the heads of funds, heads of credit, heads of treasurers and heads of accountants were selected as respondents in 128 rural banks in Bali. PLS displays an adjusted R2 value of 0.331. Not all elements of the fraud hexagon are proven to influence fraud. Only pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and ego affect employees in committing fraud. Meanwhile, power distance as an additional element of the fraud hexagon can increase fraud. Ethical values can become an anti-fraud strategy in reducing employee pressure and ego in committing fraud. The results of this study will provide input for rural bank managers to anticipate factors that increase employee fraud and increase the role of ethical values in suppressing employees’ desire to commit fraud.
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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fraud"

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Albrecht, Chad Orsen. "International fraud: A management perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9196.

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L'objectiu de la meva tesi és tractar i entendre millor els múltiples aspectes de la corrupció i el frau internacionals des de la perspectiva del management. Amb aquesta finalitat, hi proporciono un compendi d'articles, tots els quals han estat publicats en journals amb revisors, o bé estan en procés de ser-ho.
El primer article que presento en la meva tesi fou publicat al European Business Forum, una revista especialitzada patrocinada per la CEMS, que és llegida per més de 40.000 professionals dels negocis d'arreu d'Europa. Alguns dels diaris internacionals més importants, com ara el Times of London Newspaper, també citen aquest article a bastament. S'hi exposa per què i com es cometen els fraus.
El segon article que comento a la tesi es troba actualment en fase de "revisió i reenviament" al Journal of Business Ethics. Es tracta d'un journal sobre factors d'impacte, inclòs a la llista dels 40 millors journals de management que publica el Financial Times. Aquest article tracta de com les persones fan servir el poder per reclutar altres persones per tal que participin en el frau d'estats financers. Aquest segon article també es va sotmetre a la revisió d'àrbitres a l'edició 2007 de la European Academy of Management Conference que tingué lloc a París, França.
El tercer article que es presenta en la meva tesi fou publicat a The Journal of Digital Forensics, Security, and Law. També s'havia presentat prèviament a la XII Conferència Anual d'AMCIS amb revisors, que tingué lloc a Acapulco, Mèxic. La Conferència d'AMCIS és un dels principals congressos acadèmics que tracten dels camps relacionats amb els sistemes d'informació. Aquest tercer article analitza com els responsables de perpetrar el frau se serveixen dels principis i les estratègies de poder i negociació per enredar les persones per Internet perquè participin en projectes de frau.
El quart article que comento fou publicat a l'Information Systems Security Journal. Aquest journal fa 17 anys que el publica Taylor and Francis Publishing -una de les principals editorials de journals acadèmics-, i és la publicació oficial de CISSP i SSCP. L'article analitza les tendències actuals en matèria de frau i la seva detecció.
El cinquè article que es presenta fou publicat a la Corporate Finance Review. Aquest article tracta específicament del frau d'estats financers als Estats Units. També explica què pot fer Europa per aprendre dels errors comesos als Estats Units. La Corporate Finance Review és patrocinada per Thomson Education -una editorial líder en l'àmbit educatiu. Actualment, la revista es troba al 12è any de publicació.
Finalment, el darrer article que presento a la tesi és un comentari que es va fer sobre el tema del frau entre dos professors americans i jo mateix. Aquest diàleg es va publicar al Journal of Management, Spirituality, and Religion. El comentari tractava el tema de la relació entre organitzacions imbuïdes en la religió i el frau.
El objetivo de mi tesis es tratar de entender mejor los múltiples aspectos de la corrupción y el fraude internacionales desde la perspectiva del management. Para ello, proporciono un compendio de artículos, todos ellos publicados en journals con revisores, o bien que se hallan en proceso de publicación.
El primer artículo que presento en mi tesis fue publicado en el European Business Forum, una revista especializada patrocinada por la CEMS, que es leída por más de 40.000 profesionales de los negocios de toda Europa. Algunos de los diarios internacionales más importantes, como el Times of London Newspaper, también citan este artículo ampliamente. En él se expone por qué y cómo se cometen los fraudes.
El segundo artículo que comento en mi tesis se halla actualmente en fase de "revisión y reenvío" al Journal of Business Ethics. Se trata de un journal sobre factores de impacto, incluido en la lista de los 40 mejores journals de management que publica el Financial Times. Dicho artículo trata de cómo las personas se sirven del poder para reclutar a otras personas para que participen en el fraude de estados financieros. Este segundo artículo también fue sometido a la revisión de árbitros en la edición 2007 de la European Academy of Management Conference celebrada en París, Francia.
El tercer artículo que presento en mi tesis fue publicado en The Journal of Digital Forensics, Security, and Law. Asimismo, previamente se había presentado en la XII Conferencia Anual de AMCIS con revisores, celebrada en Acapulco, México. La Conferencia de AMCIS es uno de los principales congresos académicos que tratan de los campos relacionados con los sistemas de información. Este tercer artículo analiza cómo los responsables de perpetrar el fraude se sirven de los principios y estrategias de poder y negociación para enredar a persones por Internet para que participen en proyectos de fraude.
El cuarto artículo que comento fue publicado en el Information Systems Security Journal. Este journal es publicado desde hace 17 años por Taylor and Francis Publishing -una de las principales editoriales de journals académicos-, y es la publicación oficial de CISSP y SSCP. En dicho artículo se analizan las tendencias actuales en materia de fraude y su detección.
El quinto artículo que se presenta fue publicado en la Corporate Finance Review. Este artículo trata específicamente del fraude de estados financieros en Estados Unidos. També explica qué puede hacer Europa para aprender de los errores cometidos en Estados Unidos. La Corporate Finance Review cuenta con el patrocinio de Thomson Education -una editorial líder en el ámbito educativo. En la actualidad, la revista se halla en el 12.º año de publicación.
Finalmente, el último artículo que presento en mi tesis es un comentario sobre el tema del fraude, realizado entre dos profesores americanos y yo mismo. Dicho diálogo fue publicado en el Journal of Management, Spirituality, and Religion. El comentario trataba del tema de la relación entre organizaciones imbuidas en la religión y el fraude.
The purpose of my dissertation is to address and better understand the many aspects of International Fraud and Corruption from a Management Perspective. In my dissertation, I provide a compendium of publications. Each publication was published, or is in the process of being published, in a peer-review journal.
The first article that is presented in my dissertation was published in the European Business Forum, a CEMS sponsored journal that is read by more than 40,000 business professionals throughout Europe. Several major international newspapers, including the prestigious Times of London Newspaper, also quoted this article extensively. The article addresses why and how fraud are committed.
The second article that is presented in my dissertation is currently under "revise and resubmit" status at the Journal of Business Ethics. This journal is an impact factor journal and is included on the Financial Times list of top 40 management journals. The article addresses how individuals use power to recruit other people to participate in financial statement fraud. This second article was also presented at the peer review 2007 European Academy of Management Conference in Paris, France.
The third article that is presented in my dissertation was published in The Journal of Digital Forensics, Security, and Law. This article was also previously presented at the 12th annual peer-review AMCIS conference in Acapulco, Mexico. The AMCIS conference is one of the leading academic conferences within the information systems fields. This third article addresses how perpetrators use the principles and strategies of power and negotiation to con individuals via the Internet to participate in fraud schemes.
The fourth article presented in my dissertation was published in Information Systems Security Journal. This journal is currently in its 17th year of publication and is published by Taylor and Francis Publishing - one of the leading publishers in academic journals. This journal is also the official publication of the CISSP and SSCP. The article deals with current trends in fraud and its detection.
The fifth article that is presented in my dissertation was published in the journal Corporate Finance Review. This article specifically deals with financial statement fraud in the United States. The article further explains what Europe can do to learn from the mistakes of the United States. Thomson Education - a leader in educational publishing, is the sponsor of Corporate Finance Review. The journal is currently in its 12th year of publication.
Finally, the last article presented in my dissertation is a commentary that took place on the subject of fraud between two American professors and myself. The dialogue was published in the Journal of Management, Spirituality, and Religion. The topic of the commentary was on the relationship between organizations embedded in religion and fraud.
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Howell, Andrew S. "Fraud prevention : the alignment between fraud-related legislation and fraud government practices." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104398/1/Andrew_Howell_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examined the alignment between regulations, government guidelines and fraud governance practices in the Australian public sector in efforts to minimise procurement fraud. Through analysis of three recent fraud cases studies, the interface between public sector anti-fraud governance frameworks and how they translate into workplace enforcement practices were considered for purposes of identifying enhanced ways for reducing this type of crime in the future.
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Ponce, Michael. "Healthcare fraud and non-fraud healthcare crimes: A comparison." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3233.

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Healthcare fraud is a major problem within the healthcare industry. The study examined medical fraud, its laws, and punishments on federal and state levels. It compared medical fraud to non-fraud crimes done in the healthcare industry. This comparison will be done on a state level. The study attempted to analyze the severity of fraud against non-fraud and that doctors would commit fraud offenses more often than non-fraud offenses.
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Hinostroza, Grijalva Clorinda Miriam, and Yucra Alicia Palomino. "Impacto de la auditoría forense como herramienta de apoyo para detectar y reducir el fraude financiero y tributario en las empresas de transporte de carga terrestre Lima, distrito de Ate, 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652084.

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La presente investigación busca entender la importancia de la aplicación de la Auditoría Forense como herramienta de apoyo en empresas del sector transporte. Para tal fin se analizó conceptos, métodos y herramientas que son utilizados para la reducción del fraude financiero y tributario, además se revisaron los conceptos de Control, Fraude Financiero y Tributario del sector de transporte de carga terrestre. Para el plan de investigación, se plantea la hipótesis del Impacto de la Auditoría Forense como herramienta de apoyo, para detectar y reducir el fraude financiero y tributario en las empresas del sector transporte. Dicha hipótesis alternativa es rechazada con un 5% de significancia. En la metodología de investigación, se ejecutó un estudio de tipo documental, el cual fue llevado a cabo por entrevistas a tres expertos del tema. Para ello, se elaboró un cuestionario con el propósito de identificar si se tenía conocimiento sobre Auditoría Forense, y conocer sobre los procesos de control con los que cuentan las empresas del rubro. Como resultado de la aplicación del instrumento cualitativo y cuantitativo, se puede establecer que mediante la aplicación de la Auditoría Forense como herramienta de apoyo se logra detectar y prevenir fraudes. De esta forma, se demuestra que la Auditoría Forense brinda ventajas y que al implementarla como herramienta de apoyo se obtienen grandes resultados. Luego del respectivo análisis de interpretación de los resultados de dicha investigación, se puede concluir que la aplicación de la Auditoría Forense como herramienta de apoyo no reducirá los casos de robos y fraude intencionales: a mayor control en los procesos se disminuirá las posibilidades de cometer fraude y se incrementará un mayor control en las áreas más sensibles del rubro.
This research seeks to understand the importance of the application of Forensic Audit as a support tool in companies in the transport sector. For this purpose, concepts, methods and tools that are used for the reduction of financial and tax fraud were analyzed, and the concepts of Control, Financial and Tax Fraud of the land freight transport sector were also reviewed. For the research plan, the hypothesis of the Impact of Forensic Audit is presented as a support tool, to detect and reduce financial and tax fraud in companies in the transport sector. This alternative hypothesis is rejected with a 5% significance. In the research methodology, a documentary study was executed, which was carried out by interviews with three experts on the subject. For this, a questionnaire was prepared with the purpose of identifying if there was knowledge about Forensic Audit, and knowing about the control processes that the companies in the field have. As a result of the application of the qualitative and quantitative instrument, it can be established that through the application of Forensic Audit as a tool to support internal auditing, fraud can be detected and prevented. In this way, it is demonstrated that Forensic Audit offers advantages and that when implementing it as a support tool, great results are obtained. After the respective analysis of interpretation of the results of said investigation, it can be concluded that the application of Forensic Audit as a support tool will not reduce cases of intentional theft and fraud: greater control in the processes will reduce the chances of committing fraud and greater control will be increased in the most sensitive areas of the item.
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Åkerblom, Thea, and Tobias Thor. "Fraud or Not?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388695.

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This paper uses statistical learning to examine and compare three different statistical methods with the aim to predict credit card fraud. The methods compared are Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest. They are applied and estimated on a data set consisting of nearly 300,000 credit card transactions to determine their performance using classification of fraud as the outcome variable. The three models all have different properties and advantages. The K-NN model preformed the best in this paper but has some disadvantages, since it does not explain the data but rather predict the outcome accurately. Random Forest explains the variables but performs less precise. The Logistic Regression model seems to be unfit for this specific data set.
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Perols, Johan L. "Detecting Financial Statement Fraud: Three Essays on Fraud Predictors, Multi-Classifier Combination and Fraud Detection Using Data Mining." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002486.

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Bergman, Bengt. "E-fraud E-fraud, state of the art and counter measures." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2798.

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This thesis investigates fraud and the situation on Internet with e-commerce today, to point on some potential threats and needed countermeasures. The work reviews several state of the art e-fraud schemes, techniques used in the schemes and statistics on the extent of e-fraud. This part shows that e-frauds are today both sophisticated and widespread.

Since real world frauds are deemed impossible to fully cover in order to predict potential new e-frauds, the thesis adopts a different approach. It suggests two abstraction models for fraud cases, a protocol model and a functional model. These are used to perform analysis on case studies on both telecom frauds and e-frauds. The analysis presents characteristics for both types of frauds. Using one of the abstraction models, the functional model, conceptually similar cases among telecom frauds as well as e-fraud cases are identified. The similar cases in each category are then compared, using the other abstraction model, the protocol model. The study shows that concepts from telecom frauds already exist in e-frauds.

Several challenges and some possibilities in e-fraud prevention and detection are also extracted in the comparative study of the different categories. The major consequence of the challenges is e-frauds’ higher scalability compared to telecom frauds.

Finally, this thesis covers several existing countermeasures in e-commerce along with specific countermeasures against auction fraud, phishing and spam. However, it is shown that these countermeasures do not address the challenges in e-fraud prevention and detection to a satisfactory extent. Therefore, this thesis proposes several high-level countermeasures in order to address the challenges.

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Santos, Filipe Marques dos. "Os incentivos para cometer fraude nas Sociedades Anónimas Portuguesas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12646.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
Segundo a Teoria do Triângulo da Fraude, para ocorrer um comportamento fraudulento é necessário combinar "incentivo", "oportunidade" e "racionalização". Este estudo teve como finalidade averiguar a postura dos administradores e directores financeiros perante a fraude, abordando apenas o lado do incentivo. O presente estudo teve como base um inquérito enviado para administradores e directores financeiros de Sociedades Anónimas Portuguesas. No estudo foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas (género, idade, nível de habilitação, posse de habilitação académica na área financeira, estado civil) e variáveis organizacionais (número de trabalhadores da organização, tratar-se de uma empresa familiar ou estar incluída num grupo económico, assim como o sector de actividade em que está inserida). Os resultados obtidos mostram que não existe um perfil específico de modo a uma pessoa se sentir incentivada para cometer fraude.
According to the theory of the Fraud Triangle, for a fraudulent behaviour to occur it is needed to combine "incentive", "opportunity" and "rationalization". This study had the goal to find out how the administrators and financial directors react when confronted by fraud, approaching only the incentive side. The present study was based on an enquire sent to administrators and financial directors of Anonymous Portuguese Societies. In this study were analysed sociodemographic variables (gender, age, qualification level, possession of financial related academic qualification, civil status) and organizational variables (number of workers in the organization, being a family business or to be included in an economic group, as well as the activity sector it is part of). The results showed there is not a specific profile that incentives a person to commit fraud.
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Silva, Carlos Eduardo de Abrantes Vaz e. Távora Vasconcelos da. "Da fraude marítima - são as distributed ledger technologies (blockchain) uma solução?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18463.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Estima-se que a fraude marítima - fraude cometida envolvendo navios e ou carga transportada por via marítima - cause actualmente perdas e prejuízos que podem ascender anualmente a vários biliões de dólares americanos. O transporte marítimo de mercadorias é uma actividade abrangentemente regulada por via do direito marítimo, pelo que, a compreensão da natureza jurídica do navio ou o estudo do alcance que determinados documentos comportam, como o conhecimento de embarque (Bill of Lading), são aspectos necessários ao entendimento das particularidades da fraude marítima. A par da complexidade legal e documental intrínsecas às actividades de transporte marítimo de mercadorias, aspectos como o seu carácter internacional e o elevado número de agentes que intervêm no sector, são vistos como factores críticos à ocorrência de fraudes na esfera do transporte marítimo. Com base neste enquadramento, a investigação conclui que a tecnologia Blockchain, enquanto uma DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especialmente por via da resolução da problemática do double spending sem recurso a uma entidade centralizadora, e uma vez ultrapassados os desafios de adopção generalizada da tecnologia, pode vir a mitigar ou mesmo resolver grande parte da problemática da fraude marítima tal qual se conhece, especialmente a de carácter documental.
It is estimated that maritime fraud - fraud involving ships and / or cargo transported by sea - is currently causing losses up to several billion US dollars annually. Maritime freight is an activity that is broadly regulated through maritime law, so understanding the legal nature of the ship or examining the scope of certain documents, such as the Bill of Lading, is necessary to comprehend the maritime fraud. In addition to the legal and documentary complexity inherent in maritime freight transport activities, aspects such as its international character and the large number of agents involved in the sector are seen as critical factors for the occurrence of maritime fraud. Based on this framework, the research concluded that Blockchain technology, while DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especially by solving the problem of double spending without recourse to a centralization entity, and once overcome the challenges of general adoption of the technology, can mitigate or even solve much of the problems of maritime fraud as it is known, especially those involving documents.
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Oliveira, Rossimar Laura. "Gestão de fraudes financeiras externas em bancos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-21122012-111004/.

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Segundo relatório da auditoria KPMG, 69% das empresas admitiram ser vítimas de algum tipo de fraude. Em 2010, no setor bancário foram perdidos aproximadamente R$ 1,5 bilhões devido às fraudes financeiras cometidas em clientes considerando apenas as fraudes documentais e as perdas com fraudes bancárias eletrônicas superaram os 900 milhões neste mesmo ano. Os tipos de fraudes cometidas foram diversos, dentre eles a fraude durante a abertura de contas, cheques clonados, falsificação de documentos, alterações de códigos de barras e clonagem de cartões. A fraude é um problema frequente nas organizações e bastante discutido no mercado, porém verificou-se a existência de uma lacuna teórica quando se trata de gestão da fraude externa. O objetivo do trabalho foi a estruturação de um quadro conceitual para a Gestão da Fraude Financeira e a sua comparação com a prática.Este é um estudo qualitativo exploratório e foi realizado por meio da análise baseada na Teoria Fundamentada definindo categorias a partir da literatura disponível e a sua comparação com entrevistas feitas em um banco de varejo brasileiro e uma associação de instituições financeiras, além dos artigos jornalísticos. Com relação à utilização dos resultados esta é uma pesquisa aplicada já que seu resultado pode, além de contribuir para a discussão teórica, ser aplicada em qualquer organização interessada em gerir a fraude financeira. Os resultados da elaboração do quadro conceitual mostram que a gestão da fraude financeira externa tem quatro fases: a Contínua, a Prevenção, Detecção e a Reação e as categorias definidas estão inseridas nelas. Quanto à comparação da teoria com a prática, nem todos os aspectos verificados na literatura puderam ser encontrados nos relatos das entrevistas e nos artigos jornalísticos analisados.
According to KPMG audit report, 69% of companies admitted being victims of some kind of fraud. In 2010, the banking sector have lost approximately R$ 1.5 billion due to financial fraud perpetrated on customers considering only documentary fraud and the electronic banking fraud losses exceeded R$ 900 million in the same year. The types of fraud were many, including fraud during account opening, cloned checks, forgery, alteration barcode and card cloning. Fraud is a common problem in organizations and widely discussed in the market, however it was found that there is a theoretical gap when it comes to managing external fraud. The objective of this research was to structure a conceptual framework for the Management of Fraud and its comparison with the practice. This is an exploratory qualitative study and was conducted through analysis based on Grounded Theory defining categories from the available literature and interviews with comparison to a bank and an association of financial institutions, in addition to news articles. Regarding the use of results is an applied research its result can also contribute to the theoretical discussion, and be applied to any organization interested in managing financial fraud. The results of the development of the conceptual framework shows that the management of external financial fraud has four phases: Continuous, Prevention, Detection and Reaction and the defined categories are located in them. Regarding the comparison of theory with practice, not all aspects verified in the literature could be found in the reports of interviews and newspaper articles analyzed.
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Books on the topic "Fraud"

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Edmund, Waters, Young John fl 1822, Young William, and Great Britain Privy Council, eds. In the Privy Council on appeal from Prince Edward Island: Between Edmund Waters, appellant, and John Young and William Young, respondents : case of the appellant. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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Cathy, Gunn, ed. Fraud. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

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Jacques, Parry, ed. Fraud. London: Waterlow, 1985.

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Rakoff, David. Fraud. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2002.

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Illinois. Office of Secretary of State. Dept. of Police. Odometer fraud. Springfield, Ill.]: Jesse White, Illinois Secretary of State, 2005.

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Hulst, J. W. van der. and Brown Alastair N, eds. EC fraud. Deventer: Kluwer, 1993.

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Binns, Chelsea A. Fraud Hotlines. New York : CRC Press, [2017]: Auerbach Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315370361.

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Rinker, Carola, Patrick Müller, and Frank Münker. Accounting Fraud. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36324-6.

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Ross, Ian, ed. Exposing Fraud. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119177494.

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Straney, Louis L., ed. Securities Fraud. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119200055.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fraud"

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Scruton, Roger. "Freud and Fraud." In Untimely Tracts, 251–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09419-6_115.

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Buell, Samuel W. "Fraud." In The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Ethics and the Criminal Law, 265–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22811-8_12.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "fraud." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 76–77. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_578.

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Weik, Martin H. "fraud." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 640. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_7567.

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Rowson, David, and Belinda Winder. "Fraud." In A Psychologist’s Casebook of Crime, 81–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92519-3_6.

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Herring, Jonathan. "Fraud." In Criminal Law, 237–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-47572-5_13.

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Finlay, Steven. "Fraud." In The Management of Consumer Credit, 138–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582507_9.

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Karni, Edi. "Fraud." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 4921–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_630.

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Busch, Rebecca Mendoza Saltiel. "Fraud." In Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 627–62. 4th edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429283642-26.

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Boczko, Tony. "Fraud." In Managing Your Money, 286–313. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-47188-8_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fraud"

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Albiero, Beatriz, Ricardo Santos, Estevo Uyrá, Ramon Vilarino, Juliano Silva, Tales Souza, Renato Vicente, and Sami Yamouni. "Employing Gradient Boosting and Anomaly Detection for Prediction of Frauds in Energy Consumption." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2019.9345.

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Energy fraud is a critical economical burden for electric power orga-nizations in Brazil. In this paper we present the application of novel MachineLearning algorithms to boost efficiency in detection of energy frauds. More-over, we also propose a generalized and unsupervised model for fraud detectionbased on consumption anomalies.
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Zang, Yilong, Ruimin Hu, Zheng Wang, Danni Xu, Jia Wu, Dengshi Li, Junhang Wu, and Lingfei Ren. "Don't Ignore Alienation and Marginalization: Correlating Fraud Detection." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/551.

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The anonymity of online networks makes tackling fraud increasingly costly. Thanks to the superiority of graph representation learning, graph-based fraud detection has made significant progress in recent years. However, upgrading fraudulent strategies produces more advanced and difficult scams. One common strategy is synergistic camouflage —— combining multiple means to deceive others. Existing methods mostly investigate the differences between relations on individual frauds, that neglect the correlation among multi-relation fraudulent behaviors. In this paper, we design several statistics to validate the existence of synergistic camouflage of fraudsters by exploring the correlation among multi-relation interactions. From the perspective of multi-relation, we find two distinctive features of fraudulent behaviors, i.e., alienation and marginalization. Based on the finding, we propose COFRAUD, a correlation-aware fraud detection model, which innovatively incorporates synergistic camouflage into fraud detection. It captures the correlation among multi-relation fraudulent behaviors. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that COFRAUD achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods.
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Gowda, Vikas Thammanna. "Credit Card Fraud Detection using Supervised and Unsupervised Learning." In 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning &Trends (MLT 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111107.

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In the present monetary situation, credit card use has gotten normal. These cards allow the user to make payments online and even in person. Online payments are very convenient, but it comes with its own risk of fraud. With the expanding number of credit card users, frauds are also expanding at the same rate. Some machine learning algorithms can be applied to tackle this problem. In this paper an evaluation of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms has been presented for credit card fraud detection.
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Zheng, Wenbo, Lan Yan, Chao Gou, and Fei-Yue Wang. "Federated Meta-Learning for Fraudulent Credit Card Detection." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/642.

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Credit card transaction fraud costs billions of dollars to card issuers every year. Besides, the credit card transaction dataset is very skewed, there are much fewer samples of frauds than legitimate transactions. Due to the data security and privacy, different banks are usually not allowed to share their transaction datasets. These problems make traditional model difficult to learn the patterns of frauds and also difficult to detect them. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework termed as federated meta-learning for fraud detection. Different from the traditional technologies trained with data centralized in the cloud, our model enables banks to learn fraud detection model with the training data distributed on their own local database. A shared whole model is constructed by aggregating locallycomputed updates of fraud detection model. Banks can collectively reap the benefits of shared model without sharing the dataset and protect the sensitive information of cardholders. To achieve the good performance of classification, we further formulate an improved triplet-like metric learning, and design a novel meta-learning-based classifier, which allows joint comparison with K negative samples in each mini-batch. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves significantly higher performance compared with the other state-of-the-art approaches.
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WANG, Cheng. "The Behavioral Sign of Account Theft: Realizing Online Payment Fraud Alert." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/636.

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As a matter of fact, it is usually taken for granted that the occurrence of unauthorized behaviors is necessary for the fraud detection in online payment services. However, we seek to break this stereotype in this work. We strive to design an ex-ante anti-fraud method that can work before unauthorized behaviors occur. The feasibility of our solution is supported by the cooperation of a characteristic and a finding in online payment fraud scenarios: The well-recognized characteristic is that online payment frauds are mostly caused by account compromise. Our finding is that account theft is indeed predictable based on users' high-risk behaviors, without relying on the behaviors of thieves. Accordingly, we propose an account risk prediction scheme to realize the ex-ante fraud detection. It takes in an account's historical transaction sequence, and outputs its risk score. The risk score is then used as an early evidence of whether a new transaction is fraudulent or not, before the occurrence of the new transaction. We examine our method on a real-world B2C transaction dataset from a commercial bank. Experimental results show that the ex-ante detection method can prevent more than 80\% of the fraudulent transactions before they actually occur. When the proposed method is combined with an interim detection to form a real-time anti-fraud system, it can detect more than 94\% of fraudulent transactions while maintaining a very low false alarm rate (less than 0.1\%).
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Morris, B. "Telecommunications fraud." In IEE Seminar Telecommunications Quality of Service (QoS): Vital Ingredient for Success. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20030199.

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Sengar, Hemant. "VoIP Fraud." In CCS'14: 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660284.

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Kawase, Ricardo, Francesca Diana, Mateusz Czeladka, Markus Schüler, and Manuela Faust. "Internet Fraud." In HT '19: 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3342220.3343651.

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Lema-Cerda, Luis, Víctor H. Andaluz, Diego Pinsha, and Kléber Quevedo. "Computer Fraud." In the 2017 9th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3175536.3175578.

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Kingston, John K. C. "Representing, reasoning and predicting fraud using fraud plans." In 2017 11th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rcis.2017.7956528.

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Reports on the topic "Fraud"

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Loecker, Florian, Amanah Ramadiah, and Kimmo Soramäki. Countering Consumer Fraud and Scams with National Fraud Portals. FNA, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/oppl1525.

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In this paper, we argue that setting up a new Digital Public Infrastructure - a National Fraud Portal (NFP) - is the only way to address fraud and consumer scams efficiently. NFPs provide a technological solution as a shared facility for banks, law enforcement, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), the central bank, the conduct supervisor, and other stakeholders. Further down the line, NFPs can connect to one another as cross-border criminal activity increases (a likely consequence of suppressing fraud domestically). The National Fraud Portal (NFP) enables: The real-time tracing and tracking of fund movements across the banking system that allow banks to recover funds for victims quickly The validation and prioritization of cases across the economy using data-driven models The faster identification of new mule accounts at a reduced cost More accurate methods for fraud detection and risk scoring that employ Graph AI deployed on network data. The real-time provision of risk scores and features to banks via APIs, allowing them to improve their fraud models and make faster, more accurate decisions about preventing fraudulent payments before settlement. In this paper, we detail the technological components of the National Fraud Portal. The paper is a result of FNA’s work building technology for National Fraud Portals in Southeast Asia, as well as conversations with over 100 institutions across 20 countries that are actively working on, or have an interest in tackling the problem of fraud and scams.
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M'Raihi, D., S. Boeyen, M. Grandcolas, and S. Bajaj. Sharing Transaction Fraud Data. RFC Editor, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5941.

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Gayton, James R. S. Procurement Fraud Case Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424697.

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Onarinde, Bukola A., Louise Manning, Joshua Skoczylis, Nicholas Cowen, Samson Oyeyinka, Matthew Thompson, Andrew MacLeod, and Christian James. What works to prevent food fraud. Food Standards Agency, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.lzy803.

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This study was undertaken to guide the FSA and the National Food Crime Unit (NFCU) on the development of future strategies and operational activities to improve food fraud prevention. Its aims were to: (1) Investigate successful initiatives and strategies for fraud prevention and especially food fraud prevention; (2) understand what has worked well in preventing commodity-based fraud (including food fraud) and the lessons learned from these initiatives and strategies; (3) provide recommendations which could be adopted by the NFCU and incorporated into the unit’s key strategies; and (4) provide recommendations for any future research required within this area. The key research questions which underpinned these objectives were: (1) What food fraud prevention strategies and initiatives have been implemented in the UK and other countries? (2) What strategies and initiatives have been implemented to prevent and tackle commodity-based fraud in other industries? (3) What conditions need to be in place to enable fraud prevention strategies to be successful?
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Shadel, Doug, and Karla Pak. AARP Investment Fraud Vulnerability Study. AARP Research, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00150.001.

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Bian, Bo, Michaela Pagel, and Huan Tang. Consumer Surveillance and Financial Fraud. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31692.

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Ensminger, Jean, and Jetson Leder-Luis. Detecting Fraud in Development Aid. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30768.

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Egorov, Georgy, and Konstantin Sonin. Electoral College and Election Fraud. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31474.

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Houghton, Angela. Facing Fraud: Majority of Asian Americans & Pacific Islanders at Risk for Fraud: Infographic. AARP Research, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00183.002.

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Ravikumar, B., Yuzhe Zhang, and David L. Fuller. Unemployment Insurance Fraud and Optimal Monitoring. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2012.024.

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