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1
Scanlan, Josie A. "Fraser Fir." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1770.
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Kümmling, Karen Elizabeth. "Dioxin and furan concentrations in Fraser River and Fraser River Estuary sediment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35904.pdf.
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Hopewell, J. "G. S. Fraser : a biography." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281111.
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Ibáñez, Franklin. "Nancy Fraser: Escalas de Justicia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112979.
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McGregor, Lesley Karen. "The molecular genetics of Fraser syndrome." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407507.
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Jadeja, Shalini. "Fraser syndrome and mouse blebbed mutants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444755/.
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Fraser syndrome is a multisystem malformation, the main features being cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and renal defects. Mouse blebbed mutants provide a model for Fraser syndrome, with mutations in five blebbed loci giving similar phenotypes to Fraser syndrome. The condition is genetically heterogeneous and the first disease locus to be identified, FRAS1, encodes a protein with similarity to the sea urchin extracellular matrix blastocoelar protein ECM3. The domain structure of FRAS1 suggests a structural role within the extracellular matrix as well as in cell signalling. Mutations in FRAS1, and Frasl in the blebbed (bl) mouse, have been identified that result in the premature termination of the protein. Mutations in the Freml gene have been shown to underly the head blebs (heb) phenotype. In this thesis, a missense mutation at a second human locus is described, the affected gene FREM2, having homology to a gene closely linked to the murine myelencephalic blebs (my) locus. A genetrap within Freml is shown to have a similar phenotype to the other blebs mutants. The expression pattern of Freml is studied and auditory defects in the my mice are identified and analysed. Some functional analyses of Frasl was carried out suggesting a role for Frasl in binding BMPs. It is also shown that the loss of the cytoplasmic multi-PDZ domain protein glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) results in a phenotype similar to that of Fraser syndrome. In the eye blebs (eb) mouse a deletion has been detected covering two coding exons that disrupts the (Gripl) gene, resulting in a premature termination. These mouse models for Fraser syndrome should provide important insights into the development of epithelial structures, as well as eye and kidney development and enable us to study the role of Fras-Frem proteins in other organs such as the heart and ear.
7
Marsden, Allan Dale. "Bioeconomics of Fraser River sockeye salmon fisheries." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43766.
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Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Fraser River are immensely important to British Columbia's culture and economy. Despite centuries of exploitation and decades of intensive study there remain several key uncertainties about the biological system, including those around dramatic four-year cycles of abundance and pre-season projections of how many fish will return in a given year. Recent years have seen declines in the productivity of some stocks as well as broader conservation concerns, leading to closure of some commercial fisheries, and it appears that greater economic benefits may only be obtained if greater conservation risks are incurred. However, the existing literature contains no analysis focused on bioeconomic analysis of trade-offs between economic and conservation objectives in such complex multi-stock, multi-fleet fisheries.
This dissertation develops a bioeconomic simulation model to examine these trade-offs. The model is applied to the Fraser River sockeye salmon fishery and parameterized using historical biological, fishery and economic data. In the first set of analyses, the fishery is simulated retrospectively from 1952 through 1998 and the economic outcomes of several management strategies are examined. In the remaining analyses the fishery is simulated 24 years into the future in a prospective analysis, assuming either that the long-term average productivity regime is still valid, or that recently observed changes in productivity are permanent. Given the outcomes of these simulations the trade-offs between economic benefits and conservation risk are described.
The retrospective analysis showed that if relatively simple harvest rules had been implemented historically, the fishery could have been 20-200% more profitable, depending on the particular harvest rule applied and the mechanism underlying stock dynamics. The prospective analysis under the long-term average productivity regime found that there is a policy region that would yield significantly greater economic benefits than the currently applied policy while only minimally increasing conservation risk. Under the modified productivity regime, however, conservation risk is uniformly and unavoidably higher, and the trade-offs become more difficult in the sense that relatively more conservation risk must be incurred to obtain greater economic benefit.
8
van, Haelst Maria Mathilde. "Clinical and molecular genetics of Fraser syndrome." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446212/.
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Fraser syndrome (FS MIM 219000) is a rare, heterogeneous congenital malformation disorder characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and urogenital defects. The entity is named after George Fraser who described two unrelated patients with the same congenital malformation disorder consisting of cryptophthalmos, ear anomalies, genital anomalies and syndactyly. More than 250 cases have thus far been reported in the literature. Robin Winter had speculated that FS is the human equivalent of the murine blebbing mutants in which mutations at five loci give the same phenotype as FS. Mutations in two human genes are known to cause FS and there are three further candidate genes. FRAS1, the first locus identified, encodes an Extracellular Matrix (ECM) protein whose domain structure suggests a structural role within the ECM as well as in cell signalling. There are several genes similar to FRAS1 in the human genome. These are called FREM1-3 (Fras-Related-Extracellular-Matrixl-3). In patients with FS, missense mutations have recently been identified in a second gene, FREM2. The other FREM genes have not been associated with FS as yet. Mutations in Grip! have been identified in eye blebbing (eb) mutants. To date, no GRIP1 mutations have been identified in FS patients. Clinical data and DNA samples were collected from 59 affected individuals from 25 consanguineous and 15 non-consanguineous families. Evaluation of the clinical findings in this group revealed a higher frequency of abnormalities of the skull, larynx, umbilicus, urinary tract and anus, whereas mental retardation and cleft lip/ palate were less often observed than previously reported. Mutation analysis of the genes known or suspected to be involved in FS resulted in the identification of six FRAS1 mutations and two FREM2 mutations. Linkage analysis in consanguineous families indicated further evidence of linkage to FRAS1, FREM2, FREM1 and GRIP1. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that skull ossification defects, umbilical, urinary tract, and anorectal abnormalities were more frequently reported in patients with a FRAS1 mutation than in all other FS patients. Based on these results the existing diagnostic criteria were re evaluated and the definition of new diagnostic criteria for FS is suggested here along with a discussion of the findings.
9
Peters, Derek A. "Bleach plant effluent reduction at Fraser Papers Inc." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0023/MQ62143.pdf.
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Rathfon, Ronald A. "Developing DRIS norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41610.
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Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] is an important Christmas tree species in Virginia. Because it is responsive to fertilization, and because most Fraser fir growers fertilize their crop, a scientifically-based nutrient diagnosis and fertilizer recommendation system is needed. The objective of this study was to develop and test DRIS norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees grown in Virginia for the ultimate purpose of establishing a nutrition diagnosis and fertilizer prescription system. A total of 107 Fraser fir plantations were sampled for foliage, soil, and diameter measurements. These plantations represented the range in site conditions and management practices for Fraser fir Christmas trees grown in Virginia. Foliage was analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and B. Soil was analyzed for extractable macro- and micronutrients. DRIS norms were developed from these data using standard DRIS procedures. A total of 42 nutrient ratios were significant discriminators of tree performance as measured by variation in ground line diameter. The norms were tested using sixth year data from a factorial fertilizer trial. Nutrient limitations due to both deficiencies and imbalance were detected and correctly diagnosed using the newly-derived norms. A complete validation is required, but this preliminary test showed that these norms are useable and useful in their present form. In the process of developing and testing the norms, modifications to traditional DRIS methods were used to meet the special conditions of this crop. DRIS symmetry was maintained by including non-significant ratios, but setting their standardization functions equal to zero. This reduced the influence of the non-discriminating nutrient ratios on the DRIS analysis. Norm ranges as opposed to discrete norms (ratio means) were used to correct for the influence of extremely variable micronutrient ratios on the DRIS analysis. Soil norms did not enhance diagnoses over and above using foliar norms alone. This is due to soil sampling variation, poor correlations of extractable nutrients with tree performance, and an incomplete understanding of fertilizer reactions and uptake chemistry in a variety of soils. Each crop presents unique challenges in the application of DRIS. DRIS should not be naively applied without investigating these problems. The DRIS norms established in this study, and the modifications to standard DRIS methods, provide a sound scientific basis upon which to build a nutrient diagnosis and fertilizer recommendation system for Fraser fir Christmas trees grown in Virginia.Master of Science
11
Hockman, Joseph N. "Evaluating the nutritional status of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] Christmas trees using foliar analysis and DRIS application." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90938.
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Three studies were conducted with Fraser fir Christmas trees to determine the variation in foliar nitrogen (N) , phosphorus (P) , potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) levels among plantation ages, sample locations within the crown, and effects due to seasonal changes. Extensive variation in nutrient concentrations existed with age of tissue collected, sample location with respect to aspect and vertical position, and normal seasonal fluctuation. Tree to tree nutrient variation indicated that greater sampling intensities are required for younger (under four years) plantations as opposed to older (over four years) plantations to achieve comparable confidence and precision levels. The data clearly illustrated that comparisons of foliar nutrient levels without regard to these sampling variables could cause erroneous diagnoses. Recommended foliar sampling practices involved sampling current-year's tissue from 2- or 3-year-old south-facing branches in October or November for routine foliar diagnoses.
Another study developed a DRIS application to evaluate N, P, K, Ca, and Mg nutrition on seventy-nine trees in a 3-year-old Fraser fir Christmas tree plantation. DRIS norms and index equations from premium grade Christmas tree were developed. In contrast to most crops where growth and yield are assessed, Fraser fir Christmas tree performance was evaluated by conventional grading procedures based on tree quality. A classification model utilizing several measured growth characteristics to predict Christmas tree grade was also investigated to objectively evaluate tree performance. Satisfactory grade-prediction results using a discriminant model were obtained yielding overall correct classification rates of 80 percent. Preliminary evaluation of DRIS performance suggested that assessments of nutritional balance, rather than examination of individual nutrient concentrations, may be more useful for prescribing fertilizer to improve Christmas tree quality.M.S.
12
Bonsu, Mensah. "Structural stability and surface sealing as related to organic matter depletion of a shallow organic soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26961.
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A physically based model describing the mechanism of surface sealing of soil was evaluated in the context of aggregate stability. The intent of the model study was to better understand the effect of mixing fine-textured mineral subsoil with organic surface soil on structural stability and surface seal formation. The mixing results from tillage and harvesting operations, and management practices such as levelling. The index derived from the model showed that sealing of the shallow organic soil increased with an increase of mineral matter content.
The mathematical formulation of the model was based on the principle of conservation of mass and Darcy's law for flow of water through a layered soil column. Assuming convective flow, it was shown theoretically that the rate of surface seal formation is proportional to the flux density of the filtrate, as assumed by Scheidegger (1974). In the model it was further assumed that the pore necks at the soil surface clog first before the seal develops. The assumption that convective flow alone was responsible for the movement of the suspension is likely incorrect for suspensions derived from medium or coarse textured soils, since sedimentation does influence the movement of larger particles. However, introducing a constant sedimentation parameter into the convective flow model did not improve the model. Therefore, it is likely a non-constant sedimentation parameter could improve the model considerably.
The model showed that for sufficiently large times the flux density of a filtrate flowing through a soil column at a constant hydraulic head is proportional to inverse square root of time. Testing the model experimentally showed a good agreement between theory and experiment. A highly significant correlation between the soil stability factor derived from the model and aggregate stability suggests that the index is a soil structural attribute. The soil stability factor was exponentially related with aggregate stability and mineral matter content. However, whereas the relationship between the soil stability factor and aggregate stability gave a positive exponent, a negative exponent was obtained with mineral matter content.
Further studies showed that structural stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the aggregate beds were positively and significantly correlated exponentially. However, saturated hydraulic conductivity and mineral matter content were negatively and significantly correlated exponentially. Collateral to the results of the model, the strong negative correlation between wet-sieved aggregate stability and mineral matter content confirmed the deleterious effect of mixing fine-textured mineral soil on the structure of the shallow organic soil.
It was theorized that aggregates stabilized through clay-organic complexing are likely to be much stronger than aggregates stabilized through other mechanisms. This implies that whenever the mineral matter content is much higher than the organic matter content, the surplus mineral matter that does not interact with organic matter will be most dispersible. The high silt content of the mineral matter fraction is likely to be an important factor contributing to the decrease in structural stability with increasing mineral matter content. Once the clay and the organic colloids have interacted, the silt that remains is not capable of forming stable aggregates without colloids (Baver et al. 1972).
From measurements of the air to water permeability ratio, the decrease in saturated hydraulic conductivity of the aggregate beds with increasing mineral matter content was attributed to slaking of the mineral matter fraction. However, it is possible for the soil with high mineral matter content to be stable if the mineral matter is allowed to be in contact with the organic matter for a long period of time.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
13
McLean, David George. "The relation between channel instability and sediment transport on Lower Fraser River." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30672.
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This study investigates the relation between channel instability and sediment transport along an 80 km reach of lower Fraser River, British Columbia. The major processes governing instability, bank erosion and sedimentation were investigated by analyzing the patterns of morphologic change along the river over the last century. Morphologic changes were documented using historical maps and air photographs. The method of approach can be considered a "macroscopic" one since the investigation focused primarily on the gross patterns of change that occurred over periods of years to decades. It was found that this interval is the most appropriate time scale for investigating channel instability and sedimentation processes on a large stream such as the Fraser River. This is because the major features governing instability and sedimentation also develop over comparatively long time periods.
Several examples are presented to illustrate how sequences of major channel instability have propagated along the river over periods of 10 to 30 years. These disturbances often initiated new patterns of sedimentation, local erosion and subsequent channel instability further downstream. The most common diagnostic feature associated with these travelling disturbances are relatively large, low amplitude, linguoidal-shaped "gravel sheets" that attach to more stable lateral bars and islands. These bars may cause strong flow impingement against previously stable banks and islands. As a result, rapid scour and erosion may be initiated even during periods of low discharge.
Four different approaches were used to estimate the long term gravel transport rate along the river. These methods included direct measurements using trap samplers (carried out by Water Survey of Canada over a period of 12 years), a sediment budget calculation which related changes in transport through a reach to changes in the volume of sediment stored in the channel determined by surveys, a morphologic approach which used a simple model of sediment transfers through a reach, and finally theoretical bed load formulae. It was found that the sediment budget and the morphological model provided the most reliable and most generally applicable results. This was because the methods rely on observations of sediment movement over periods of years or decades. It was found that on Fraser River, the time scales of the major processes governing gravel bed load transport were also measured in years or decades. As a result, short term measurements such as from bed load trap samplers show only a poor correlation between transport rate and flow variables. Therefore, to estimate long term transport rates with these data, a very large number of observations is required to integrate the transport rates over time.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
14
Abbaspour, Karim. "Hydrologic responsiveness of a Lower Fraser Valley lowland soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27785.
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Soil degradation in the lowland soils of the Lower Fraser Valley area is an off-season (September-April) problem. The legacy of the degradation process is encountered every year in the form of ponding which delays farming operations such as cultivation and seeding.
It is common for the lowland soils in west Delta to be left in a bare, loose, and therefore unstable state in the fall after harvest. As the result of raindrop impact on such a soil, a disaggregation process takes place which decreases the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the saturated water content, the air entry pressure head, and the water releasing ability of a soil. As a result of these changes the hydrologic responsiveness of a soil will decrease, decreasing its ability to allow rapid infiltration and drainage.
The objective of this thesis was firstly, to investigate the causes of the soil structural degradation and secondly, to use some of the soil structural parameters to optimize the responsiveness of a soil and thirdly, to suggest a management model with the objective of improving the hydrologic responsiveness of a lowland soil.
To fulfill the above objectives, in the first chapter, the process of soil degradation was studied on large undisturbed soil columns removed from two adjacent locations within an area of Ladner in west Delta, British Columbia. It was found that a disaggregation process caused by the impact of raindrops on a weakly aggregated soil was the main cause of a low hydrologic responsiveness at the beginning of the cultivation season.
As a result of degradation of the soil surface layer, a surface seal can form with a saturated hydraulic conductivity in the order of 9.7x10⁻¹⁰ m s⁻¹. A surface seal can effectively decrease the infiltration rate, leading to the formation of a persistent pond which will make a soil untrafficable and unworkable.
In the second chapter, a concept of "designer soil" was developed, where a set of "design hydrologic parameters" were identified for a partially hypothetical soil. A soil possessing hydrologic parameters better than the design parameters would therefore display a certain desired hydrologic responsiveness.
In the third chapter, a descriptive management model was suggested with the objective of achieving the design parameters as identified in the second chapter.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
15
Curren, Kristina Charlotte. "Biogenic isoprene in the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35791.pdf.
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Sanin, Maria Victoria. "Cyclic shear loading response of Fraser River delta silt." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30064.
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The cyclic shear response of low-plastic Fraser River silt was investigated using constant-volume direct simple shear testing. Silt specimens, initially consolidated to stress levels at or above the preconsolidation stress, displayed cyclic mobility type strain development during cyclic loading. Liquefaction in the form of strain softening accompanied by loss of shear strength did not manifest regardless of the applied cyclic stress ratio (CSR), or the level of induced excess pore water pressure (Δu). Cyclic mobility type stress-strain behaviour was observed in spite of the initial static shear stress bias. The potential for excess pore water pressure generation and associated shear strain development during cyclic loading was observed to increase with increasing level of initial static shear. Tests on specimens of undisturbed field samples and specimens reconstituted using the same silt material showed that undisturbed silt, despite having a looser density under identical consolidation stress conditions, exhibited more dilative response and larger shear resistance compared to those displayed by reconstituted specimens. In addition to consolidation stress conditions and resulting void ratios, it appears that other naturally inherited parameters such as soil fabric and aging effects would influence the shear response of natural silt.
Studies were also conducted to examine the post-cyclic reconsolidation response of low-plastic silt using specimens of undisturbed and reconstituted Fraser River silt and reconstituted quartz powder initially subjected to constant volume cyclic loading at different CSR values and then reconsolidated to their initial effective stresses. The volumetric strains during post-cyclic reconsolidation (εv-ps) were noted to increase with the maximum Δu and maximum cyclic shear strain experienced during cyclic loading. The values of εv-ps and maximum excess cyclic pore water pressure ratio (ru max) were observed to form a coherent relationship regardless of overconsolidation effects, particle fabric, and initial void ratio of the soil. The specimens with high ru-max suffered significantly higher post-cyclic reconsolidation strains. The observed εv-ps versus ru-max relationship, when combined with the observed dependence of ru on CSR and number of load cycles, seems to provide a reasonable approach to estimate post-cyclic reconsolidation strains of low-plastic silt.
17
Hartnady, Michael Ian Hay. "Crustal Evolution of the Albany-Fraser Orogen, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77990.
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This thesis investigates the crustal evolution of the Albany-Fraser Orogen in Western Australia, using U-Pb geochronology, Lu-Hf and oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircon crystals in granitic rocks. The results show that compositional variability of rocks in the region is strongly in uenced by the heterogeneity in the pre-existing crustal substrate. This research therefore demonstrates that mapping spatial Hf isotopic variations in magmatic rocks does not always image deep crustal structure as previously thought.
18
Fraser, Jacob Lee. "Rectangular pellicle beam splitter design." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/fraser/FraserJ0508.pdf.
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This project investigates a pellicle beam splitter of rectangular form. A pellicle is a thin optical membrane and a beam splitter separates one optical path into two. The beam splitter under investigation is used at Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) for optical component testing and mission simulation in cryogenic vacuum chambers. The conventional beam splitter had undesirable optical performance at cryogenic temperatures. The goal of this project was to use analysis to guide development of pellicle beam splitter prototypes to minimize thermal distortion. Engineers commonly use finite element analysis (FEA) to model structural performance. FEA models were created that represented various prototypes including dimensions, materials, and loads. The models had a rectangular pellicle with a fixed outer boundary. An inner ring of rectangular form was then pressed against the pellicle to create an optical aperture inside the inner ring. Then geometric parameters were varied one at a time to evaluate their effects. The parameters included inner ring corner radii, outer boundary corner radii, inner ring to outer boundary spacing, pellicle thickness, and inner ring displacement. The FEA models indicated that the rectangular form of the pellicle beam splitter contributed to undesirable optical characteristics. Sharp corners of the inner ring create high stress concentration areas causing varying pellicle thickness and undesirable optical quality. Modeling showed that increasing inner ring corner radii and inner ring to outer boundary spacing are affective at increasing optical quality. Other parameters had little to negative affects on optical quality. The rectangular shape of the pellicle beam splitter leads to a non-uniform stress distribution and therefore undesirable optical quality. Stress non-uniformity can be reduced but not eliminated by using large inner ring corner radii and large inner ring to outer boundary spacing. A prototype with large inner ring corner radii was made and tested. The prototype had much better optical performance with little corner affects as compared to previous prototypes.
19
Moldenhawer, Pawel. "In vitro studies of the impact of ozone and sulfur dioxide on the pollen of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45167.
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The impact of in vitro ozone and sulfur dioxide fumigation on pollen from two Fraser fir populations was examined. Populations were located at Mt. Rogers, Va, and Mt. Mitchell, S.C.. Two age groups "young" (less then 30 years old) and "old" (more then 40 years old) were examined within each population. No statistically significant age group differences in pollen germination percentage or pollen tube length were found. Mt. Mitchell pollen had a higher germination percentage than Mt. Rogers population. The statistically significant differences in pollen germination between populations were most probably due to the confounding effect of collection practices, and environmental conditions during 1986 pollen collection, rather than actual differences between populations. In vitro pollen fumigation with sulfur dioxide had no impact on pollen germination while fumigation with ozone decreased pollen germination percentage but did not change pollen tube length. Most of the variation in pollen germination percentage, and pollen tube length was due to genotype of the pollen parent tree.
The phenotypic expression of six isozymes (previously correlated with resistance to air pollutants) in pollen was studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pattern of isozyme distribution among pollen phenotypes confirmed results from pollen germination studies. There was a difference between locations but no difference between age groups. None of isozyme phenotypes was correlated with a "resistance" to pollen fumigation with ozone or sulfur dioxide.Master of Science
20
Roschinski, Tilman Gordon. "Geochemistry in the hyporheic zone of the lower Fraser River." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32278.
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The geochemistry of the hyporheic zone was investigated to reduction-oxidation
(redox) conditions across the hyporheic zone as groundwater and river water mix
in the shallow sediments of the lower Fraser River, a large, tidally influenced 9th
order river. The site selected for study is located at the trailing edge of a postglacial
river delta deposit near Vancouver, British Columbia approximately 30 km
upstream from the mouth of the river.
Pore water samples were collected with a drive-point profiler while sediment
cores were collected with a freeze-shoe corer. Difficulties encountered with the
freeze-shoe corer led to the development of a novel tool: a liquid nitrogen-cooled
freeze corer capable of sampling undisturbed sediments in a deep river
environment.
Selective single-step chemical extraction procedures were used to analyze
sediment samples for secondary iron mineral precipitates that commonly form in
the hyporheic zone where iron-rich anaerobic groundwater mixes with oxygen-rich
surface water.
Results of sediment analyses show a significant amount of iron in the sediments,
but no distinct peak accumulations indicative of secondary iron mineral
precipitates and no accumulation of iron oxyhydroxides on the hyporheic zone
sediments, suggesting that oxygen does not enter the hyporheic zone in
significant concentrations. It is hypothesized that oxidation of dissolved organic
carbon and methane could remove oxygen and therefore maintain reduced
ferrous iron in solution.
X-ray diffraction detected the presence of iron-bearing chlorite and a magnetic
separation found concentrations of magnetite. The presence of these minerals is
thought to be the cause for the high concentrations of iron in the sediments by
chemical extraction.
Though no significant amounts of oxygen from river water is thought to enter the hyporheic zone sediments, chloride concentration profiles indicate that riverwater does mix with groundwater in the hyporheic zone. Where the river
sediments are silt-dominated, river water appears to penetrate to less than one
meter depth, whereas in sand-dominated sediments river water penetrates to at
least 1 to 1.5 meters depth.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
21
Frey, Haley Hibbert. "Factors affecting graft success and early growth of Fraser fir." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01072009-090000/.
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Two studies were conducted to investigate factors influencing graft success and subsequent growth of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir]. The traditional time of grafting (late winter/early spring) was compared with eight summer/early fall grafting dates from mid-July through mid-October. Optimal grafting success (95%) was in the late winter/early spring (April) while the scions were dormant and the rootstocks were becoming active. Success of subsequent grafting dates decreased from 52% (14 July) to 0% (20 Oct.). Shade improved summer graft success (52% with, 38% without). Irrigation did not affect graft success or growth. Grafting of stored dormant scion material in summer/early fall was not successful (< 1%). In a second study, success and subsequent growth of Fraser fir cleft grafts were studied in relation to season of grafting (late summer vs. spring), grafter, and origin of scion material (height in the tree and lateral branch order (first vs. second). Grafting in early September yielded only 3% success compared to 70% for mid-April. Grafters had significantly different graft success (86% for Grafter 1 with 5 years experience vs. 54% for Grafter 2 with 1 year experience). First-order laterals from the upper crown yielded the best graft success and growth (except plagiotropism). First-order laterals were better than second-order laterals for all growth measurements.
22
Atkinson, Knut Thomas. "Relationships between coyote ecology and sheep management in the Lower Fraser Valley, B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24469.
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Domestic sheep farmers in the lower Fraser Valley (L.F.V.) had reported increasing losses of sheep to coyote (Canis latrans) and dog (C. familiaris) predation. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine if management
and geographic factors predispose sheep farms to coyote and dog predation;
(2) to assess the relative impact of coyote and dog predation on the L.F.V. sheep population; (3) to record basic attributes of coyote biology (taxonomy, reproduction, food habits, home range, movements, activity patterns, and predatory behaviour); (4) to provide practical and economical recommendations to reduce or prevent coyote and dog predation on sheep in the L.F.V.
One hundred and twelve sheep farmers were interviewed over three years, 1979 to 1981. Farms which lost sheep to coyotes characteristically had relatively large flocks (>50 ewes) on large fields (4+ ha), did not confine sheep at night, and either buried or left sheep carcasses exposed. There were no common factors among farms which lost sheep to dogs.
Predation accounted for 28.2% of all mortality and 2.4% of the total population sampled. Coyotes killed 69.7% and 74.7% of all ewes and lambs lost to predators. An average of 24.3% of the farms lost sheep to coyotes and dogs each year. However, 55.2% of the farms which lost sheep to coyotes did so in two or three consecutive years compared to 17.4% of farms which lost sheep to dogs.
Coyotes in the L.F.V. were similar in most biological aspects studied to other coyote populations in North America. The only exception was that small rodents, primarily Microtus townsendi composed over 70% (scat volume) of their diet, a proportion higher than in other areas. Domestic livestock (mostly poultry carrion) comprised only 4.3% of the diet, sheep only 0.2%.
I concluded that in the rural-urban L.F.V. interface, prevention of coyote predation (and secondarily dog predation) on hobby farms is largely a matter of management. The most effective and economical solution is to provide predator-proof enclosures for night confinement of sheep because coyotes were most active at night. This method could be further enhanced by removing livestock carcasses off the farm or by burying and liming them to avoid attracting coyotes to the farm vicinity.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
23
Brown, Sandra J. "Runoff generation and water erosion in the uplands of the Lower Fraser Valley." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28925.
Full textAbstract:
An understanding of runoff generation is a requirement for efficient erosion control and land management practices. This research is designed to investigate the processes by which runoff occurs on a Whatcom soil at an upland site in the Lower Fraser Valley. The objectives of this study are to summarize water erosion measurements, to determine soil hydraulic properties, to predict infiltration for typical rainstorms and to determine the mechanism of runoff generation.
Rill, interrill and rainsplash measurements, and previous erosion measurements made at the study site are used to qualitatively assess the magnitude of water erosion. Soil loss is dominated by rill erosion and erosion rates are greatest from November to January. Runoff coefficients are relatively low (<26%), but erosion rates are anticipated to be in excess of 35-45 t ha⁻¹yr⁻¹.
Soil hydraulic properties are measured using a low tension absorption technique described
by Clothier and White (1981). The sorptivity tube device provides a simple method for obtaining S, λ* and K₋₂ Measured values of i and x* depend on t¹′² as expected
from the constant-concentration absorption theory. Soil hydraulic variables and constant-concentration absorption theory are used to determine the soil-water diffusivity characteristics. Measured D(θ) functions for the field varied widely in a and b, especially for the lower horizons. The Van Genuchten (1980) θ(h) expression provides a good fit to the water retention data. D(θ) functions predicted from the soil-water retention curves and the conductivity at satiation are at least 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than the measured functions. Hysteresis effects may account for a 1 order of magnitude increase in D(θ), but the predictions are poor without matching at D(θ₅).
The measured hydraulic properties are used to predict infiltration, runoff and drainage. Constant-flux infiltration theory is used to model soil moisture profiles for various rainfall events. High field moisture contents necessitate the inclusion of gravity effects during infiltration. Rainfall, runoff and soil loss measurements at the Mahal farm indicate that rainfall intensities <10 mm h⁻¹ cause considerable runoff and erosion. For rainfall intensities
known to cause runoff and erosion, runoff is not predicted for most Ap horizon cores. Infiltration may be restricted at some sites by the lower horizon but runoff is not predicted at many sites. To evaluated soil moisture conditions between rainfall events, drainage is estimated from a unit gradient model. A rapid decrease in θ between rainfall events predicted by the unit gradient model, but θ measured at the Mahal farm suggests limited drainage between rainfall events. Rainfall, runoff and soil loss measurements suggest
that factors other than those measured are contributing to the runoff observed in the field. Compaction, surface sealing and subsurface seepage may be factors influencing runoff and moisture conditions in the field. The high moisture contents observed in the field suggest the water table is perching on a layer of lower conductivity which in consistent
with Dunne runoff. However, the measured infiltrabilities suggest Hortonian runoff and the resultes of the thesis are not conclusive with respect to the mechanism of runoff generation.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
24
Ames, Susan Eveline. "Impacts of land use on carbon storage and assimilation rates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/NQ48596.pdf.
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Lapointe, Michel F. "Intermittent turbulent suspension events over sand dunes on the bed of the Fraser River, near Mission, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30909.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to gain some first insights into the role of burst-like turbulent motions in sediment suspension over a sandy channel bed, during typical conditions of strong sediment transport with active bedforms. The focus is the suspension mechanism that maintains sizeable sediment concentrations away from the bed, where much of the downstream transport occurs, rather than entrainment at the sediment boundary itself.
Flow components downstream and normal to the mean boundary, along with the output of an optical suspended sediment sensor, were monitored 1 m above the bed. The main study data were collected in a 10 m deep channel of the Fraser River near Mission, British Columbia, Canada. Velocities averaged 1.4 m/s at the surface and 0.9 m/s at the sensors, where mean suspended sediment concentrations were 500 mg/l; decimetre height small dunes on the backs of larger, metre amplitude dunes covered the channel bed. Many hours of data were recorded at 5 Hz, allowing multi-second scale turbulent motions as well as multi-minute oscillations to be resolved in both the velocity and turbidity records.
Burst-like "ejection and inrush" motions were identified, producing a high degree of intermittency in momentum exchange: 80% of the mean Reynolds stress at the 1 m level is produced during 12% of the record duration. The burst recurrence period appears to be significantly greater than predicted by applying the conventional outer flow scaling in this environment. It is hypothesised that the non-uniform shear and pressure gradient conditions over the various scales of bedforms on the river floor may somehow affect mean burst periodicity, modifying the recurrence scaling developed over flat boundaries. The determination of a burst recurrence timescale from one-point data is inherently imprecise however and, as elsewhere, a continuous variation of return periods with relative magnitude of extreme (u'v') events is observed.
The optical turbidity (OBS) time series reveals that these intermittent burst-like motions are, as expected, very important in vertically mixing sediments across the 1 m level in the flow; for example violent ejections, occurring only 1% of the time and contributing some 10% to mean turbulent momentum flux, appear to account for 6% of the total vertical sediment flux. The statistical association between the momentum and sediment mixing efficiencies of any ejection appears to be only moderately strong, however; very intense suspension can be associated with rather "weak" ejections (in terms of stress), and vice-versa. Differences between momentum and sediment mixing effects of a given ejection may partly be related to the "crossing trajectories effect"; sand grains continually fall out of the eddies that bear them, so the momentum and sediment "contents" of an eddy at 1 m off the bed are not perfectly linked.
Turbulent sediment suspension is, like momentum exchange, a highly intermittent process in itself. After selecting turbulent events only for suspension efficiency, the largest ones, occupying only 5% of the time, contribute approximately one half of the total vertical sediment flux. There is no indication that the conventional scaling of burst recurrence corresponds to the occurrence of any distinctive event level for suspension. Interestingly, burst-like turbulent motions are not the only flow oscillations contributing to suspension in the high flow conditions of the study. Multi-minute period flow perturbations at 1 m off the bed significantly assist burst-scale turbulent motions in driving the upward sediment mixing.
In summary, turbulent mixing of both momentum and sediment at 1 m over a typical sandy river bed is dominated by intermittent, intense "burst-like" events. However, the extrapolation of intermittent "bursting" concepts and structural constants from small-scale laboratory flows to the larger fluvial environment may be misleading.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
26
Hadwen, Wade Lynton, and w. hadwen@mailbox gu edu au. "Effects of Nutrient Additions on Dune Lakes on Fraser Island, Australia." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030304.091718.
Full textAbstract:
Given the rapidly increasing visitation levels to Fraser Island, there is increasing concern that tourist activities may threaten the long-term ecological health of the region's unique dune lakes. This project aimed to investigate the consequences of tourist use of Fraser Island's dune lakes and to develop appropriate monitoring tools and management objectives in light of the projected increases in visitation levels in the foreseeable future. The initial phase of this research aimed to identify the relative importance of some of the most popular dune lakes on the island as key destinations for tourists. Tourist surveys, in conjunction with the development of a Tourist Pressure Index (TPI), which quantifies logistic, social and natural variables, identified Lakes McKenzie, Allom and Birrabeen as the lakes most at risk from excessive tourist use. In addition, analyses of water quality in 15 lakes on Fraser Island aimed to determine the current trophic status of dune lakes on Fraser Island and the ecological implications of tourist use of these systems. Detailed comparisons of nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations in five popular dune lakes in February 1990 (data from Arthington et al. 1990) and February 1999 suggested that productivity has increased significantly in the past decade. More detailed examinations of nutrient and algal variables in five popular perched dune lakes revealed that while ambient nutrient and phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations remained relatively stable, periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations increased over the course of the 1999-2000 summer in most lakes. Significantly, these increases were found only in heavily visited (disturbed) sites in the clear lakes examined (McKenzie and Birrabeen). In these lakes, where algal growth is likely to be only limited by nutrient availability, tourist nutrient additions may stimulate excessive periphyton production. Experimental algal bioassays identified that phytoplankton and to a lesser degree periphyton growth was stimulated by nutrient additions in all five perched dune lakes. However, the degree to which growth was stimulated was both lake and nutrient (nitrogen versus phosphorus versus nitrogen + phosphorus) dependent, highlighting the variable nature of systems within a relatively small geographic range. Since periphyton biomass was higher in heavily visited areas of lakes and was likely to be stimulated by nutrient additions by tourists, stable isotope analyses of littoral zone food webs were conducted to quantify the percent contribution of periphyton to consumer diets. There was a trend towards higher periphyton contributions in systems identified as key tourist locations (on the basis of their TPI scores) and this indicates that increasing visitation may increase the contribution of periphyton to littoral zone food webs, both via increases in the quantity and quality of periphyton as a food resource. To further explore the contribution of periphyton in littoral zone food webs of heavily visited lakes, a 15N-tracer addition experiment was conducted to establish the fate of nutrient additions within the littoral zone. Nutrients were added in quantities that mimicked those likely from tourists, to enable a realistic appraisal of the fate of tourist additions. As expected, periphyton rapidly assimilated the added 15N-tracer and was found to be the first and most significant sink for nutrients entering the littoral zone. Finally, the results from this research were used to develop a conceptual model of nutrient enrichment for perched dune lakes on Fraser Island. The model indicates that although nutrient additions from tourists may lead to undesirable increases in periphyton biomass, the degree to which this is deemed to be a detrimental ecological outcome is likely to be mediated by water level fluctuations and the consumptive capacity of grazers. Given that excessive periphyton growth is likely to be seen as negative impact of tourism, regular periphyton monitoring (biomass and percent contribution to littoral zone food webs) should be built into an updated monitoring program for this series of dune lakes. Whilst the implementation of periphyton monitoring is likely to enable the early detection of deleterious impacts of excessive tourist use, it is likely that the long-term conservation of the region will, in the future, require the implementation of strict visitation level guidelines, to ensure that the irreversible consequences of long term additions of nutrients are ameliorated.
27
Lewis, Kenneth N. "Summer sickness of magnesium bisulphite pulp at Fraser Paper's Edmundston mill." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ46263.pdf.
Full text
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McConnell, Walter Leslie. "J.O. Fraser and church growth among the Lisu of southwest China." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Perkins, Ashley. "Distribution and abundance of nearshore aquatic habitat, Fraser River, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/237.
Full textAbstract:
Physical habitat for instream biota derives from a combination of stream system structural and hydraulic phenomena. Consequently, the quantity and quality of physical habitat is dynamic both over time and in space along the river, laterally, longitudinally and vertically. Its characterization through stream assessment and classification leads to a better understanding of factors that determine and limit habitat extent and quality. This thesis investigates the effects of space and time on nearshore aquatic habitat in the gravel reach of Fraser River, British Columbia by employing a large river, stage-adaptive habitat classification system. The distribution and abundance of habitat are spatially quantified at the reach scale (32 km), and temporally quantified through a period of about 60 years at several adjacent gravel bars (7 km), and at approximately 500 m3 s-1 increments in discharge during the declining limb of the flood hydrograph at two well-developed gravel bars. Of the ten habitat types evaluated, the bar edge habitat type is most abundant by length and number of units. However, its relative importance is reduced when weighted by fish-habitat association characteristics. Preferred habitat types (channel nook, eddy pool and open nook) are frequent and available to aquatic organisms, and most common at well-developed bars and in zones of equilibrium long-term sedimentation. Preferred habitat was at a maximum 30 years ago when major new bars developed and the thalweg shifted, effectively increasing the amount of bar shoreline and nearshore habitat. This increase is due to substantial change in river planform morphology following a 30-year period of large annual floods. However, amounts of habitat did not increase exclusively during periods of higher than average flows, or decrease exclusively during periods of lower than average flows. Instead, habitat abundance response to flow may occur with a two- or three-year lag. Short term changes in stage are critical to amount of preferred habitat. Optimal discharge for maximum preferred habitat vailability is in the range of approximately 2500 m3 s-1 to 4000 m3 s-1, which approximates long term mean flow. As flow increases, the proportion of preferred habitat compared with total bar shoreline decreases. Comparison with the 2006 flow duration curve shows that 15 – 30 % of discharges are optimal for maximum fish density and biomass. These discharges occurred during April 27 to May 17 and July 14 to August 7, 2006.
30
Lewis, Kenneth N. "Summer sickness of magnesium bisulphite pulp at Fraser Paper's Edmundston mill." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/592.
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Silva, Enrico Paternostro Bueno da 1988. "A teoria social crítica de Nancy Fraser : necessidade, feminismo e justiça." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280924.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Josué Pereira da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A filósofa política Nancy Fraser destaca-se enquanto importante expoente da Teoria Crítica contemporânea. Conhecida majoriamente por seu debate com Axel Honneth acerca da teoria do reconhecimento, suas formulações legaram importantes contribuições a, no mínimo, três campos do pensamento social: a teoria feminista, a sociologia política dos movimentos sociais e a filosofia da justiça. Visando uma reconstrução e sistematização crítica da evolução teórica da autora, este trabalho considera uma ampla gama de escritos datados de 1980 a 2012. No estudo de uma filósofa que sempre priorizou textos curtos e ensaios publicados em revistas políticas e acadêmicas a grandes sistematizações monográficas, identifica-se dois grandes modelos críticos em torno dos quais orbitam grande quantidade de diagnósticos de época, conceitos críticos e perspectivas emancipatórias. Para tratá-los, é utilizada uma classificação metodológica de sua produção em três blocos temáticos. O primeiro refere-se ao modelo para as "políticas de interpretação das necessidades", que mobiliza conceitos como discurso, democracia, hegemonia, esfera pública, cidadania e necessidade. O segundo trata das concepções teóricas e análises empíricas a respeito da subordinação feminina e das lutas feministas, que atravessam toda a produção da autora; destaca-se aqui o diálogo com as mais variadas correntes do pensamento: Escola de Frankfurt, pós-modernismo, pós-estruturalismo, pragmatismo, teoria do discurso. O terceiro bloco temático, enfim, contempla o modelo para uma teoria crítica da justiça, desenvolvido em estreita conexão com a práxis política dos movimentos sociais; aparecem aqui conceitos como participação paritária, reconhecimento, redistribuição, representação, transnacionalização e estrutura de governança. Não ignorando as oscilações temáticas e conceituais presentes ao longo do percurso filosófico de Fraser, a pesquisa busca compreender as contribuições originais e os inevitáveis limites verificados no pensamento social da autora, tencionando participar da teorização crítica das sociedades contemporâneas e contribuir para a compreensão e superação das injustiças nelas presentes
Abstract: The political philosopher Nancy Fraser is recognized as an important exponent of contemporary Critical Theory. Mainly known for the debate with Axel Honneth about the theory of recognition, her formulations give important contributions to at least three fields of social thought: the feminist theory, the political sociology of social movements and the philosophy of Justice. Aiming at a systematic reconstruction and critique of theoretical evolution of the author, it is considered here a wide range of writings dated from 1980 to 2012. In the study of a philosopher who always prioritized short texts and essays published in academic and political journals to large monographic systematizations, it is possible to identify two major critical models that lead to many diagnosis, critical concepts and emancipatory perspectives. To describe them, I use a methodological classification of her writings in three thematic blocks. The first one is about the "politics of needs interpretation" model, which mobilizes concepts such as discourse, democracy, hegemony, public sphere, citizenship and need. The second is about the theoretical concepts and empirical analyzes regarding the subordination of women and feminist struggles, which is visible through the entire production of the author; here, it is possible to highlight the dialogue among the various theoretic currents: Frankfurt School, post modernism, post structuralism, pragmatism, discourse theory. The third thematic block, finally, brings the model toward a Critical Theory of Justice, proposed in close connection with the political praxis of social movements; here are developed concepts as participatory parity, recognition, redistribution, representation, transnationalization and structure of governance. Considering the thematic and conceptual oscillations along Fraser's philosophical course, the research seeks to understand the original contributions and inevitable limits observed in her social thought, intending to participate in the critical theory of contemporary societies and to contribute to understanding and overcoming the injustices present in them
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia
32
Hernández, Hurtado Willian Nerio. "Supuestos normativos para un concepto de identidad colectiva en Nancy Fraser." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12244.
Full textAbstract:
Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEl documento digital no refiere asesor
Pretende justificar un concepto normativo de identidad colectiva bajo la articulación de tres ángulos de argumentación: filosofía moral, filosofía política y filosofía social. Ha existido una interpretación ahistórica, esencialista y monológica sobre la identidad, que la asume como predeterminada por la etnia, lengua, género, sexo, religión, territorio, etc. Por otro lado también ha existido una interpretación dialógica, narrativa, discursiva y performativa, sensible a las diferencias, los cambios históricos y las múltiples pertenencias. En ese sentido la elección de la teoría de la justicia de Fraser no ha sido gratuita. El propósito ha sido ofrecer un marco teórico lo suficientemente sólido y amplio para abarcar y conectar en su interior tres problemas clave de la filosofía práctica: criterios normativos, legitimidad democrática y crisis del Estado-nación. El hilo conductor de esta conexión es el problema central de esta tesis: defender un concepto de identidad colectiva desde el que se pueda evaluar el contenido moral de los conflictos sociales para justificar la relevancia de la participación política en un contexto social donde el Estado-nación ya no es el horizonte desde el que los miembros de una sociedad configuran su identidad. Se sostuvo que en la teoría crítica de Nancy Fraser se encuentran los elementos apropiados para un concepto de identidad colectiva que no quede restringido a una dimensión simbólica o cultural. En ese sentido el método empleado ha sido el de confrontar la teoría crítica de Fraser con la teoría crítica “oficial”, de Habermas y Honneth.
Tesis
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Diebel, Kenneth Edward. "Isozyme variation within the Fraser fir population on Mt. Rogers, Virginia." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54517.
Full textAbstract:
The Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) on Mt. Rogers is an isolated relic population and part of the southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem. The population has, so far, been able to withstand the impacts of insect infestation and the possible influence of atmospheric deposition factors which may be causing mortality in other regions of the southern Appalachians. It was hypothesized that population vigor may be due to a unique genetic structure. The objective of this study was to determine the amount of genetic diversity within this population and to relate observed diversity to environmental variables.
To quantify the genetic structure 304 trees from 35 plots were genotyped for 13 isozyme loci. Four loci were polymorphic using the 95% criterion. At a fifth locus there were two rare alleles with a combined frequency of approximately 3%. Range wide studies of eastern fir species have shown that other populations are more diverse.
There were no significant differences in gene frequencies among three arbitrarily defined subpopulations or among the 35 plots. There were no significant correlations between any environmental characters and isozyme frequencies.
There was a significant difference among subpopulations for seed weight and germination value as well as a slight, yet significant, correlation between seed weight and elevation, germination value and elevation, and germination value and aspect. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, Wright's F-statistics, Nei's genetic distances, and Gregorius' "𝜹" index all indicated little or no substructuring of the population. It is suggested that a population bottleneck (a drastic reduction of population numbers), which may have occurred following the last glaciation, is the cause for the relatively low genetic diversity found in the population. The lack of substructure is likely due to extensive gene flow.Ph. D.
34
Reinhardt, Keith. "The physiological ecology of Fraser fir in southern Appalachian cloud forests." Winston-Salem, NC : Wake Forest University, 2009. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/42532.
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Hadwen, Wade. "Effects of Nutrient Additions on Dune Lakes on Fraser Island, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368084.
Full textAbstract:
Given the rapidly increasing visitation levels to Fraser Island, there is increasing concern that tourist activities may threaten the long-term ecological health of the region's unique dune lakes. This project aimed to investigate the consequences of tourist use of Fraser Island's dune lakes and to develop appropriate monitoring tools and management objectives in light of the projected increases in visitation levels in the foreseeable future.
The initial phase of this research aimed to identify the relative importance of some of the most popular dune lakes on the island as key destinations for tourists. Tourist surveys, in conjunction with the development of a Tourist Pressure Index (TPI), which quantifies logistic, social and natural variables, identified Lakes McKenzie, Allom and Birrabeen as the lakes most at risk from excessive tourist use.
In addition, analyses of water quality in 15 lakes on Fraser Island aimed to determine the current trophic status of dune lakes on Fraser Island and the ecological implications of tourist use of these systems. Detailed comparisons of nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations in five popular dune lakes in February 1990 (data from Arthington et al. 1990) and February 1999 suggested that productivity has increased significantly in the past decade.
More detailed examinations of nutrient and algal variables in five popular perched dune lakes revealed that while ambient nutrient and phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations remained relatively stable, periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations increased over the course of the 1999-2000 summer in most lakes. Significantly, these increases were found only in heavily visited (disturbed) sites in the clear lakes examined (McKenzie and Birrabeen). In these lakes, where algal growth is likely to be only limited by nutrient availability, tourist nutrient additions may stimulate excessive periphyton production. Experimental algal bioassays identified that phytoplankton and to a lesser degree periphyton growth was stimulated by nutrient additions in all five perched dune lakes. However, the degree to which growth was stimulated was both lake and nutrient (nitrogen versus phosphorus versus nitrogen + phosphorus) dependent, highlighting the variable nature of systems within a relatively small geographic range.
Since periphyton biomass was higher in heavily visited areas of lakes and was likely to be stimulated by nutrient additions by tourists, stable isotope analyses of littoral zone food webs were conducted to quantify the percent contribution of periphyton to consumer diets. There was a trend towards higher periphyton contributions in systems identified as key tourist locations (on the basis of their TPI scores) and this indicates that increasing visitation may increase the contribution of periphyton to littoral zone food webs, both via increases in the quantity and quality of periphyton as a food resource.
To further explore the contribution of periphyton in littoral zone food webs of heavily visited lakes, a 15N-tracer addition experiment was conducted to establish the fate of nutrient additions within the littoral zone. Nutrients were added in quantities that mimicked those likely from tourists, to enable a realistic appraisal of the fate of tourist additions. As expected, periphyton rapidly assimilated the added 15N-tracer and was found to be the first and most significant sink for nutrients entering the littoral zone.
Finally, the results from this research were used to develop a conceptual model of nutrient enrichment for perched dune lakes on Fraser Island. The model indicates that although nutrient additions from tourists may lead to undesirable increases in periphyton biomass, the degree to which this is deemed to be a detrimental ecological outcome is likely to be mediated by water level fluctuations and the consumptive capacity of grazers. Given that excessive periphyton growth is likely to be seen as negative impact of tourism, regular periphyton monitoring (biomass and percent contribution to littoral zone food webs) should be built into an updated monitoring program for this series of dune lakes. Whilst the implementation of periphyton monitoring is likely to enable the early detection of deleterious impacts of excessive tourist use, it is likely that the long-term conservation of the region will, in the future, require the implementation of strict visitation level guidelines, to ensure that the irreversible consequences of long term additions of nutrients are ameliorated.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Australian Environmental Studies
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Weinberg, Naomi Hélène. "Improving nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for arable crops in the Lower Fraser Valley." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26664.
Full textAbstract:
A two year field study located in Delta Municipality, British Columbia, was conducted to investigate the possible improvement of nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations for arable crops in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV).
After reviewing current N fertilizer recommendation systems in other humid regions, the approach taken in the study was to determine the applicability of a spring soil test and/or a N Index system for the LFV region. The project, which used sweet corn (Zea Mays saccharata) as the trial crop, consisted of two interconnected parts:
1) A 'Replicated Fertilizer Response Trial' which aimed to; a) Monitor soil N0₃-N and NH₄-N during spring to a depth of 80cm, using intervals of 0-20, 20-50, and 50-80cm. b) Investigate yield response and N uptake efficiency at four different rates of sidedress applied urea, 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha⁻¹ N. c) Compare the effectiveness of urea applied broadcast preplant, and applied by sidedressing, when the crop was approximately 30cm tall.
2) A 'Multifarm Survey' at 28 locations, comparing plots sidedressed with 135 kg ha⁻¹ N, to control plots containing only starter N. The aim of this survey vas to establish the range of N supplying capacities in some LFV soils and relate these capacities to other soil properties and site history.
Monitoring mineral N in the soil demonstrated that soil N0₃-N increased during the spring, reaching a peak 5-6 weeks after planting. Maximum N0₃-N levels in the 0-80cm profile were 90 and 135 kg ha⁻¹ in 1984 and 1985 respectively. NH₄-N levels tended to be low compared to NO₃-N. As a proportion of total mineral N, NH₄-N decreased from approximately 25% at the beginning of May, to between 10 and 15% by mid June. Large amounts of spatial and temporal variability in both N0₃-N and NH₄-N were observed on the two sites studied. The difference in magnitude of mineral N between the years was due to a large number of site and weather factors which could not be separated.
No significant differences in corn yield or crop N content were found between any of the four fertilizer treatments in the Replicated Response Trial. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the comparison of urea N applied by broadcasting before planting and urea N applied by sidedressing. Two reasons for this lack of response were suggested, one, that the soil plus starter N provided sufficient N for the crop's needs, and two, that the fertilizing techniques were inefficient considering the soil and weather conditions.
The Multifarm Survey provided the greatest amount of information relevant to the project's objectives. It showed that the range of soil types and cropping regimes on corn fields in Delta Municipality was too narrow to have a direct influence on N supplied by the soil. Soil N supplying capacity was shown to be weakly related to organic matter, the study results suggested that a knowledge of site history was necessary before this relationship could be assumed to be positive. Such findings favoured the implementation of a spring soil test rather than a N Index system. Various approaches to estimating N fertilizer requirements using a spring soil sample were examined.
In conclusion, the project showed that substantial amounts of N vere made available by the soil and that these should be taken into consideration when fertilizer recommendations are made. The study suggested that in a small agricultural region such as Delta Municipality, spring soil N0₃-N appeared to be sufficiently well correlated with total soil plus crop nitrogen to warrant the further investigation of a soil test for N. This test, for corn, should be as close as possible to sidedress time and the ideal sampling depth would be to 80cm. Anomalous sites with adverse soil conditions, such as poor drainage, marine influences, low pH or compaction should not be included in the test.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
37
Islam, A. K. M. Shafiqul. "Gravel transport and morphological modeling for the lower Fraser River, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4812.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the potential application of a two-dimensional depth-averaged sediment transport and morphological model on a large braided river system and examines its capability to build a computational gravel budget and predict the morphological changes. The Lower Fraser River gravel reach is characterized by an irregularly sinuous single-thread channel split around large gravel bars and vegetated islands, and riverbed aggradation because of gradual gravel deposition over the years, bank hardening and channel confinement. Gravel removal from selected locations is considered as one of the viable management options to maintain the safety and integrity of the existing flood protection system along the reach. Therefore, any gravel removal plan in this reach requires a reliable sediment budget estimation and identification of deposition zones. It is also required to examine the possible future morphological changes with and without gravel removal and to assess its impact on design flood level.
The main objective of this study is to build a computational sediment (gravel) budget for the 33 km long gravel reach that extends from Agassiz-Rosedale Bridge to Sumas Mountain near Chilliwack. In this study, a two-dimensional depth-averaged curvilinear mathematical model MIKE 21C was modified and applied to predict the gravel bedload transport and detect the change of morphology for the next 10 years period. A gravel transport formula was coded and added into the MIKE 21C model. Sediment transport code modification and application has been done side by side in a trial and error fashion.
This is the first use of a conventional two-dimensional depth-averaged model for the entire gravel reach of the Lower Fraser River within affordable computational effort. The model application was successful in term of gravel budgeting, aggradation and degradation zones identification and long-term morphological change prediction, with some limitations and drawbacks. Further modification and model testing with recent bedload data is recommended.
38
Seagram, Annie F. "Atmospheric recirculation during ozone episodes in the Lower Fraser Valley, B. C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50834.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of thermo-topographic circulations in areas of complex terrain plays an important role in recirculating pollutants during periods of degraded air quality. In this modelling study, we seek to define and detect atmospheric recirculation in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, a region that frequently experiences episodes of degraded air quality despite its modest total emissions and relatively small population size. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to simulate wind fields during seven severe, three-day summertime ozone episodes occurring over a period of 20 years (1985-2006). These episodes cover the known set of synoptic and mesoscale circulation regimes conducive to ozone episodes in the LFV. A trajectory modelling study is devised where WRF model output is used to compute trajectories using the HYbrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. In order to examine pollutant transport, the starting location of trajectories is selected to coincide with the location of maximum ozone precursor (NOx and VOCs) emissions. Number density maps generated from composite trajectory fields reveal different spatial distributions of trajectories by circulation regime. A generally applicable quantitative definition and objective detection algorithm for recirculation is developed, and then applied to the modelled trajectories to identify recirculating trajectory segments (RTSs). Recirculation is detected during all episodes, though not all circulation regimes result in the same the frequency of detection. Analysis of RTSs shows that recirculation in the LFV is spatially and temporally the same regardless of mesoscale circulation conditions. There is strong evidence that pollutants may be "carried-over" from one day of an episode to the next, and that air parcels frequently return to their origin within less than 12 hours. Results suggest that recirculation is primarily driven by onshore flows and mountain-valley circulations within the main valley floor of the LFV, and secondarily by diurnal flows within tributary valleys. This research adds to our understanding of atmospheric transport during ozone episodes in the LFV, and provides a new framework for studying recirculation elsewhere.
Supplementary materials:http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50964Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Bradbeer, David Ross. "Lesser Snow Geese and agricultural habitat use on the Fraser River delta." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31864.
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Lesser Snow Geese winter on the Fraser River delta of south-western British Columbia
and feed on upland agricultural crops. With the recent loss of foreshore marsh habitat adjacent
to the Vancouver International Airport, agricultural habitats have become more important. The
loss of foreshore habitat, combined with a growing Snow Goose population, will increase the
grazing pressure the birds exert on farm fields in West Delta. Because Snow Geese can overgraze
perennial forage grasses, conflicts with farmers will likely escalate. Providing foraging
opportunities for Snow Geese while minimizing the conflict between the geese and Delta
farmers should be the goal of management efforts. To accomplish these goals, the Alaksen
National Wildlife Area (ANWA) and Greenfields cover crop program must be managed in a
way that attracts Snow Geese to these areas.
From 1995 to 2000 Snow Geese used the Alaksen National Wildlife Area during both
the fall and late winter hunting seasons. Fewer geese fed outside the Alaksen National Wildlife
Area during open hunting seasons compared to when the seasons were closed. Snow Geese
used perennial forage, cover crops, potato, and grain between 1995 and 2000. Between October
2005 and April 2006,1 documented patterns of agricultural field use on Westham Island and
Brunswick Point and assessed how crop type, hunting, and field size influenced those patterns. I
used foraging theory as a framework to assess how temporal changes in the quality and quantity
of food influenced crop use. The main determinant of field use was crop type. Nutrient content
appeared to be important to the order of crop use. Snow Geese used the crops that contained the
highest concentrations of crude protein (cover crops) and simple carbohydrates (potatoes and
barley grain) first in the fall and early winter. Perennial forage crops contained the highest
concentration of indigestible crude fibre and were not used until the higher quality crops were depleted. Absolute crop biomass did not seem to influence crop use patterns because Snow
Geese initially ignored perennial forage fields that contained more biomass than cover crop and
potato fields. In March and April Snow Geese continued to use perennial forage fields, but also
grain stubble and cover crop fields. Use of these fields may have been related to the presence of
newly sprouting forbs and grasses. Snow Geese moved outside of the Alaksen National
Wildlife Area despite an open hunting season in November 2005. Food depletion within the
Alaksen National Wildlife Area may force Snow Geese to tolerate hunting pressure and was
likely a factor that caused the geese to use fields outside the area.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Lyle, Tamsin Sara. "Non-structural flood management solutions for the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61583.pdf.
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Isacsson, Katrina. "“If It Matters… Measure It” – The Fraser Institute, Socioeconomics and School Performance." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24017.
Full textAbstract:
Isn’t the report card just a way to distinguish the “have” schools from the “have not” schools? This is the ninth in a series of frequently asked questions that can be found on the school performance section of the Fraser Institute’s website. Importantly, the report cards in question are both produced and published by the Fraser Institute, an independent public policy research group that ranks Canadian elementary schools on a set of indicators gleaned from the results of provincial standardized testing. While the Fraser Institute answers this question with a simple No, the thesis research presented here uses a mixed methods approach to examine the accuracy of this simplistic answer. Using socioeconomic data and regression analysis, this research endeavors to uncover if standardized test results can indeed stand independently of class and other demographic factors to produce a valid point of school comparison. This research also provides an in depth exploration of the Fraser Institute’s annual elementary school report card from the perspective of current elementary teachers in Ontario. Lastly, this research presents findings regarding the ways that parents of elementary school children use and understand the Fraser Institute’s school ratings.
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Wright, Elaine Frances. "The effect of ozone on horticultural crops important in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28356.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of air quality data from British Columbia has identified the Lower Mainland and surrounding rural areas as one of the regions in Canada where the Canadian Maximum Acceptable Air Quality Objective of 0.082 ppm ozone for one hour is frequently exceeded. Ozone at this level has the potential for affecting crops in the Fraser Valley.
Field experiments were undertaken to attempt to evaluate the effect of randomly fluctuating levels of ozone on the yield of two cultivars each of Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Pisum sativum L. (pea), Daucus carota L. (carrot) in 1985 and on one cultivar each of Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) and Pisum sativum L. (pea) in 1986, using a zonal air pollution system. As there is no current consensus regarding the most appropriate numerical expression of pollutant exposure to use in vegetation response studies, a comparison of various exposure terms was also undertaken.
Ozone was added in various proportions to ambient levels between 0700 and 2100 hours (PDT) throughout the growing season. Three levels of ozone addition were used in 1985 and 12 in 1986. In 1985, treatments were assigned to three blocks over which ozone was released. Each block was supplied with different total amounts of supplementary ozone, a fourth block serving as an ambient air control. In 1986, ozone treatments were randomly assigned to four sub-plots on each of the three blocks over which ozone was released, with each block receiving the same total amount of supplementary ozone. Different treatments were achieved by each sub-plot being subject to different rates of release and degrees of mixing. For both years the ozone concentration distributions achieved over the season were approximately log-normal. Additional analysis of the air quality data from the ambient air plot found other types of skewed distributions such as the three parameter Weibull, three parameter gamma and Johnsons SB (four parameter log-normal) provided better descriptions of the data. The distribution providing the best fit depended on the concentration averaging time, the daily time span over which the ozone concentrations are analyzed and the selection criterion used.
In 1985, field observations indicated that there were numerous plot to plot differences for disease and soil factors, which were confounded with the ozone treatments applied. Without true replication of the treatments, differentiation between the effects due to ozone and those from abiotic and biotic causes was not possible, and hence no clear conclusions concerning ozone response could be drawn.
In 1986, without the confounding of ozone and plot location, significant linear reductions in yield were found for pea and pod fresh weight using the number of days on which the concentration exceeded 25 ppb, during the vegetative growing period (D25²). A significant linear reduction in fresh potato tuber weight was found using the geometric mean of all geometric mean ozone concentrations computed between 1200 and 1259-h for the season (GH12) as the exposure statistic. A significant multiple linear regression was found for pea fresh weight using the D25¹, statistic together with the number of occurrences in which the concentration exceeded 25 ppb for two, three and four consecutive hours (2C25, 3C25 and 4C25 respectively) in an episode; and for pod fresh weight using D25, 2C25 and 3C25 as independent variates. From the results presented it seems clear that ozone at the concentrations dispensed here would have a significant negative impact on crops grown in the Fraser Valley. Based on the 1986 experiment the best case estimate indicates that yield reductions of 28% could be expected for peas and potatoes at 37 ppb ozone (expressed as the season-long 7-h mean, M7).
The exposure statistics used in the present study in comparison with the season-long 7 and 12 hour means provided good fits with the data. They are easily calculated from ambient air quality data and present attractive alternatives to those exposure statistics currently in use, for assessing the potential impact of ozone on crops in the Fraser Valley and for use in the setting of air quality standards.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Bengtsson, Erika. "Individuellt ansvarstagande som metod för rättvisa : Hannah Arendts ansvarsbegrepp i relation till Nancy Frasers rättviseteori." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235495.
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Utgångspunkten i arbetet är att människor som saknar rättigheter behandlas orättvist. Nancy Frasers rättviseteori stärker det påståendet. Hennes tolkning av rättvisa innebär att individer skall ha möjlighet att deltaga som jämlikar i alla strukturer som påverkar individen. Om individen saknar rättigheter saknar hon möjlighet att deltaga som jämlik. Frågeställningen som undersöks är hur Hannah Arendts ansvarbegrepp kan minska orättvisan som individen lider av i och med sin avsaknad av rättigheter. Syftet med undersökningen är att granska huruvida Arendts ansvarsbegrepp fortfarande är relevant. Frasers rättviseteori är ett verktyg för att analysera Arendts ansvarsbegrepp. Tolkningen av ansvarsbegreppet genomförs dels genom argumentationsanalys, och dels genom begreppshistorisk analys. Resultatet av undersökningen är att Hannah Arendts ansvarsbegrepp kan fungera som en metod för att öka rättvisan ur Nancy Frasers perspektiv. Min tolkning av Arendts teori är att individen skall agera om hon har möjlighet att påverka andra människors liv till det bättre. Arendts ansvarsbegrepp innefattar därmed ett krav på individer att ta ansvar för andra människors livssituationer. Jag menar att det krav på individuellt ansvarstagande som Arendts ansvarsbegrepp innehåller innebär att människors rättigheter stärks. Genom att människors rättigheter stärks minskar orättvisan enligt Fraser.The premise of the study is that a person who has no rights is treated unjustly. The claim is strengthened through Nancy Fraser's theory of justice. Her interpretation of justice means that individuals should have the opportunity to participate as equals in structures that affects the individual. She argues that the individual lacks the ability to participate as an equal if she has no rights. The main question under consideration is how Hannah Arendt's concept of responsibility can contribute to reduce the injustice that people with lack of rights suffer from. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether Arendt's concept of responsibility is relevant. Fraser's theory of justice is a tool to examine Arendt's concept of responsibility. The analysis of the concept of responsibility is performed with an argumentation analysis and a conceptual analysis. The result of the examined question is that Hannah Arendt's concept of responsibility can serve as a method to increase justice in Nancy Fraser's perspective. My interpretation of Arendt's theory is that responsibility includes an obligation to act if one has the possibility to improve other people's lives. The individual responsibility for other people results in strengthening human's rights. When human’s rights are strengthened the injustice reduces, according to Fraser.
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Larsen, Genevieve R. "Determination of coastal ground and surface water processes and character by use of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes, Fraser Coast, Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53334/1/Genevieve_Larsen_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study was part of an integrated project developed in response to concerns regarding current and future land practices affecting water quality within coastal catchments and adjacent marine environments. Two forested coastal catchments on the Fraser Coast, Australia, were chosen as examples of low-modification areas with similar geomorphological and land-use characteristics to many other coastal zones in southeast Queensland. For this component of the overall project, organic , physico-chemical (Eh, pH and DO), ionic (Fe2+, Fe3+), and isotopic (ä13CDIC, ä15NDIN ä34SSO4) data were used to characterise waters and identify sources and processes contributing to concentrations and form of dissolved Fe, C, N and S within the ground and surface waters of these coastal catchments. Three sites with elevated Fe concentrations are discussed in detail. These included a shallow pool with intermittent interaction with the surface water drainage system, a monitoring well within a semi-confined alluvial aquifer, and a monitoring well within the fresh/saline water mixing zone adjacent to an estuary. Conceptual models of processes occurring in these environments are presented. The primary factors influencing Fe transport were; microbial reduction of Fe3+ oxyhydroxides in groundwaters and in the hyporheic zone of surface drainage systems, organic input available for microbial reduction and Fe3+ complexation, bacterial activity for reduction and oxidation, iron curtain effects where saline/fresh water mixing occurs, and variation in redox conditions with depth in ground and surface water columns. Data indicated that groundwater seepage appears a more likely source of Fe to coastal waters (during periods of low rainfall) via tidal flux. The drainage system is ephemeral and contributes little discharge to marine waters. However, data collected during a high rainfall event indicated considerable Fe loads can be transported to the estuary mouth from the catchment.
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Lusk-Harvey, Sheryl Colene. "Moving towards precaution in the management of Canada's Fraser River sockeye salmon fishery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22863.pdf.
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Raeis, Zadeh Saba. "A marketing strategy for Simon Fraser University's general Master of Business Administration program /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/3440.
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Research Project (M.B.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2006.Theses (Faculty of Business Administration) / Simon Fraser University. Senior supervisor : Dr. Jennifer C. Chang. MBA-MKTG Specialist Program.
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Kopp, Virginia Ann. "Applying the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system(DRIS) to Fraser fir Christmas trees." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44075.
Full textAbstract:
The process of diagnosing the foliar nutrient status of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh)Poir.] Christmas trees and prescribing fertilizers is not well understood. Agricultural researchers have established critical yield levels for agronomic crops that are objective measures of crop quality and have associated these yields with nutrient status; however, Christmas tree quality is subjective and not well associated with nutrient status. A nutrient-sensitive tree response factor that reflects tree quality is needed for a proper diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutrient balance and indices of tree quality and to evaluate how nutrient balance and tree quality can be manipulated by fertilizer inputs based on the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System.
In 1984 a factorial N, P, pH, fertilizer source, and fertilizer frequency trial was installed in northwestern North Carolina. A randomized complete block design with factorial combinations of all five factors was used. After three years, the fertilizer trial was analyzed to study the effects of fertilizer additions on foliar nutrient balance and tree quality. Several tree response factors were measured in the fall after dormancy. Statistical methods such as correlations and multivariate discriminant analysis were used to determine which response factors were correlated with foliar nutrients and which factor most governed tree quality. DRIS indices were calculated for six independent plots of different fertility treatments.
Basal diameter (BD) was the strongest discriminator of tree quality and was used as a substitute for yield in the DRIS analyses. The importance of nutrient intensity was demonstrated since significant nutrient / dry matter ratios were calculated for N, P, K, and Mg. Balance was shown to be important since the indices for N, K, and Mg were a function of the four other nutrient ratios other than dry matter, and the P and Ca indices were a function of three nutrient ratios other than dry matter. Nutrient balance was also shown to be important by the significant relationship of BD as a function of the nutrient balance index (NBI). When NBI had a relatively small value, large BD trees were produced; as NBI values increased, BD decreased. Fertilizer additions that created nutrient imbalances also decreased BD, in spite of the high nutrient intensities found in the foliage. These results show that nutrient balance in Fraser fir foliage, as well as nutrient intensity, is important for producing optimal Christmas tree quality.Master of Science
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Li, Xiutang [Verfasser], and Sarah E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Fraser. "Modernity in Cao Hanmei’s The Golden Lotus / Xiutang Li ; Betreuer: Sarah E. Fraser." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123741508X/34.
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May-Fraser, Lena Jo. "Body size awareness, stereotypes, friendship selection and self-preferences of 3 to 5 year-old children." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/may-fraser/May-FraserL0509.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Research has found that anti-fat attitudes are pervasive among school-age children, adolescents, and adults (e.g., Ryckman, Robbins, Kaczor & Gold, 1989; Brylinsky & Moore, 1994). However, very few studies have examined this phenomenon in preschool-age children. Furthermore, prior methodology used to investigate this topic has been criticized for its unrealistic nature. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine body size awareness, stereotypes, friendship selection, and self-preferences of 3 to 5 year-old children, using improved methodology. The first improvement made to this study was the replacement of materials used in the past, with new stimuli: photographs of real children. These photographs were digitally altered to obtain three different body sizes (thin, average and overweight), while controlling for facial attractiveness. The intent of using photographs of real children rather than hand-made figures was to increase the realistic quality of the stimuli. Additionally, photographs of boys and girls were used to assess same- and cross-gender judgments of body size. For each item, children were asked to hand the selected target figure to the experimenter to decrease ambiguity about participant choices. Results showed that body size awareness increases as a function of age. Anti-fat bias was present in children as young as 3 years also increased as a function of age. Children were less likely to ascribe positive traits (e.g., "nicest" and "cutest") to the overweight target compared to either the thin or average sized targets. Similarly, children were more likely to assign negative adjectives (e.g., "stupidest" and "ugliest") to and prefer not to play with or look like the overweight targets relative to thin and average size targets. These results necessitate the implementation of body-size-acceptance-based programs in preschool and daycare facilities to reduce body-size-based stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination at an early age.
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Gomes, Ana Carolina Welligton Costa. "Penalidade e privilégio: a falsa representação dos homens negros homossexuais." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1153.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-03This research aims at studying the intersectionality in Black homosexual individuals, but adding a dimension considered as privileged: male gender. The study took as theoretical reference Nancy Fraser's idea of a three-dimensional justice, which allowed the analysis of how Black homosexual men suffer from a misrepresentation injustice in gay movement. For a precise definition of Black male homosexual identity, interviews with men from this group were used. Finally, the research proposes suggestions for the problem of misrepresentation, by a comparative analysis of Black feminism, so that more effective public policies and legislation for the group studied are fashioned.
Esta pesquisa visa a estudar a interseccionalidade em sujeitos negros homossexuais, mas adicionando uma dimensão considerada como privilegiada: o gênero masculino. A dissertação tomou como referencial teórico a ideia de justiça tridimensional de Nancy Fraser, que permitiu analisar de que forma os homens negros homossexuais sofrem da injustiça da falsa representação dentro do movimento gay. Para uma definição precisa da identidade negra homossexual, utilizaram-se entrevistas com homens desse grupo. Ao final, o trabalho propõe soluções para o problema do déficit representativo, por meio de uma análise comparativa com o feminismo negro, a fim de que sejam pensadas políticas públicas e legislações mais eficazes ao grupo objeto de estudo.