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Journal articles on the topic 'Franklin'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Ross, W. Gillies. "Clairvoyants and mediums search for Franklin." Polar Record 39, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247402002723.

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The search for Sir John Franklin (1847–59) coincided with a growing interest in mesmerism and modern spiritualism in Britain. Several clairvoyants, claiming to ‘see’ Franklin's ships and crews in the Arctic, made statements about the status and location of the overdue expedition, and at least three mediums described communications with Franklin’s spirit. Although the Admiralty provided assistance to Dr Haddock, the mesmerist of Emma, the Bolton clairvoyant, they did not take any action on the basis of her statements, probably because the various accounts were contradictory and could not be verified, and because the Admiralty Lords were sceptical of paranormal phenomena. Lady Franklin, on the other hand, visited clairvoyants and altered the plans for her search expeditions under Forsyth and Kennedy on the basis of a revelation. Recently, an American medium has described more than two dozen conversations with the spirits of Sir John and Lady Franklin.

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2

Li, Li, Shu Zhang, and Ronald Rousseau. "A bibliometric study of the work of Rosalind E. Franklin (1920-1958)." Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 45, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/cjilsrcsib.v45i1.13745.

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After a short introduction to her life and work, we construct Rosalind Franklin’s citation environment in the sense of Howard White. This environment consists of four groups of authors related to Franklin: her co-authors, those cited by Franklin, those co-cited with Franklin, and those citing Franklin. We further found two of her articles that can be considered as suffering from delayed recognition. The article ends with a complete bibliography of Franklin. Although she never received the Nobel Prize, she most certainly was “of Nobel Class.”

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3

Li, Li, Shu Zhang, and Ronald Rousseau. "A bibliometric study of the work of Rosalind E. Franklin (1920-1958)." Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 45, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/cjilsrcsib.v45i1.13745.

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After a short introduction to her life and work, we construct Rosalind Franklin’s citation environment in the sense of Howard White. This environment consists of four groups of authors related to Franklin: her co-authors, those cited by Franklin, those co-cited with Franklin, and those citing Franklin. We further found two of her articles that can be considered as suffering from delayed recognition. The article ends with a complete bibliography of Franklin. Although she never received the Nobel Prize, she most certainly was “of Nobel Class.”

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4

McClure, Christopher S. "Learning from Franklin's Mistakes: Self-Interest Rightly Understood in the Autobiography." Review of Politics 76, no. 1 (2014): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670513000892.

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AbstractBenjamin Franklin divides the mistakes he lists in the Autobiography into “errata” and “great errata.” He derived no benefit from the latter, but some benefit from the former. Examining Franklin's regret, or lack of regret, at these errata opens a window onto Franklin's understanding of morality. The laxity in his list of virtues and his flexibility with regard to conventional morals stem from the insight Franklin tells us he gained from these errata. For Franklin, or at least his persona in the Autobiography, there was no conflict between egoism and altruism, and he is therefore the embodiment of a type of self-interest well understood. Tracing the story of the errata, which Franklin inserted into an earlier draft of the work's first part, and Franklin's later actions provides the key to understanding the rhetorical strategy of the Autobiography, and the reason he never wrote his proposed Art of Virtue.

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5

McCorristine, Shane. "A manuscript history of the Franklin family by Sophia Cracroft (1853)." Polar Record 51, no. 1 (November 21, 2013): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247413000600.

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ABSTRACTSir John Franklin's widow, Jane Franklin, planned a biography of her husband in the years following the disappearance of his expedition. In this project she was directly assisted by her niece and amanuensis Sophia Cracroft. This biography never came to fruition, but it did result in an unpublished manuscript history of the Franklin family, dated 1853, which Cracroft shared with Franklin's early biographers. The manuscript provides an interesting account of the Franklin family, including the detailed circumstances of the failure of the Boston and Spilsby Bank in 1804, which caused great financial and emotional stress. The final section of the manuscript provides an account of John Franklin's early naval career and Arctic expeditions.

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6

Zhang, Duan,. "BENJAMIN FRANKLIN’S RELIGIOUS VIEWS MANIFESTED IN HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY." Cultural Communication And Socialization Journal 1, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ccsj.02.2020.21.24.

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The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (hereafter referred to as Autobiography) by Benjamin Franklin is really recognized as an American spiritual book that highlights the struggle course of the American dream and shows meaningful moral truths. Within the work, Franklin’s unique experiences towards RELIGION and his deep reflections on it are surly “on display”. By a close reading of his Autobiography, this paper delves into and analyzes those religious statements contained in it, trying to help readers sort out Franklin’s complex religious complex. By paying special attention to certain narrative strategies used by Franklin, the present paper believes that Franklin’s religious, moral and ethical thoughts are full of contradictions and conflicts. However, Franklin’s organic absorption of puritanism, dialectical use of deism, and rational speculations of all religions enable him to form kind and tolerant religious ideas, and rational moral values, thus realizing the self-consummation of moral under religious philosophy.

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7

Oppenheimer, Steven B. "Photograph 51, Rosalind Franklin and DNA Structure." Frontiers in Education Technology 6, no. 3 (May 17, 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fet.v6n3p1.

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The Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine was awarded in 1962 to Watson, Crick and Wilkins, after the death of Rosalind Franklin who passed away in 1958. This mini-review focuses on Franklin’s contributions to the double helix discovery. The title of this paper, Photograph 51, describes a x-ray diffraction image of DNA (B form) taken by Franklin and her graduate student Raymond Gosling (Note 1). Its importance will be described, as well as Franklin’s other contributions to the double helix discovery. Of immense importance is what Crick and Watson themselves said: Without Franklin’s data, “the formulation of our structure would have been most unlikely, if not impossible” (Note 2). This statement makes it clear that Franklin rightly deserves to be the 4th partner in the discovery of the structure of DNA, along with Crick, Watson and Wilkins.

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8

Jeppesen, Jennie. "Great Grievance: Benjamin Franklin and Anti-Convict Sentiment." Journal of Early American History 11, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-11010007.

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Abstract Perhaps the best known argument that the early American colonies despised convict labour was the Rattlesnake newspaper article penned by Benjamin Franklin. And yet, was there actually a wide-spread anti-convict sentiment? Or was Franklin a lone voice railing against perceived British insults? Framed around the claims made by Franklin, this article is an investigation of primary evidence from the colonies of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, in an attempt to better contextualize Franklins writing against colonial law and other colonial writers and correct the prevailing historical narrative that there was an anti-convict movement.

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9

Kaalund, Nanna Katrine Lüders. "What Happened to John Franklin? Danish and British Perspectives from Francis McClintock’s Arctic Expedition, 1857–59." Journal of Victorian Culture 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcz066.

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Abstract By the autumn of 1847 it was clear that John Franklin and his crew were lost in the Arctic. The explorer John Rae famously reported that Franklin’s men had died, and that the last survivors had resorted to cannibalism. This was not the news Franklin’s widow Lady Jane Franklin wanted to hear, and Rae was subsequently condemned by many prominent British figures including Charles Dickens. Not accepting Rae’s testimony, Lady Franklin organized an expedition led by Captain Francis Leopold McClintock using the steam yacht Fox. One of the crewmembers on board the Fox was the Danish Arctic explorer Carl Petersen. Using both Petersen’s narrative Den Sidste Franklin Expedition med Fox (1860), and McClintock’s narrative from the same expedition, The Voyage of the ‘Fox’ in the Arctic Seas (1859), as its starting point, this article examines key differences in the perceptions of the controversy surrounding Rae’s report to the Admiralty, and how Arctic explorers were represented in the Danish and British contexts. While the idea that Franklin’s men had resorted to cannibalism in a final attempt to sustain themselves before they passed away was a significant affront to the British notion of the heroic Arctic explorer, this was not the case in the Danish context. The lost Franklin expedition generated international interest, international collaboration, and financial assistance for search missions, and therefore affords us an opportunity to explore national differences in the construction of the Arctic and the Arctic explorer.

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10

NEWMAN, SIMON P. "Benjamin Franklin and the Leather-Apron Men: The Politics of Class in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia." Journal of American Studies 43, no. 2 (July 31, 2009): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875809990089.

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Benjamin Franklin's autobiography reveals his deep investment in shaping and controlling how both his contemporaries and posterity assessed his life and achievements. This essay explores Franklin's construction and presentation of his pride in his working-class origins and identity, analysing how and why Franklin sought not to hide his poor origins but rather to celebrate them as a virtue. As an extremely successful printer, Franklin had risen from working-class obscurity to the highest ranks of Philadelphia society, yet unlike other self-made men of the era Franklin embraced and celebrated his artisanal roots, and he made deliberate use of his working-class identity during the Seven Years War and the subsequent imperial crisis, thereby consolidating his own reputation and firming up the support of urban workers who considered him one of their own.

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11

Brennan, Timothy. "Rousseau, Franklin and Bourgeois Liberalism." History of Political Thought 45, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 87–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512988.45.1.87.

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This article suggests that the anti-bourgeois, illiberal character of Rousseau’s political philosophy has been exaggerated. In order to illustrate this point, I juxtapose Rousseau’s thought with that of Benjamin Franklin, the acknowledged embodiment of bourgeois liberalism in the eighteenth century. Although Franklin and Rousseau are often cast as opposites today, in their own time they were commonly linked – with, I think, considerable justification. Without insisting that Rousseau had a direct influence on Franklin, I argue that Franklin’s moral-political thought was largely consonant with that of his supposed antithesis.

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12

Cavell, Janice. "Representing Akaitcho: European vision and revision in the writing of John Franklin'sNarrative of a journey to the shores of the polar sea. . ." Polar Record 44, no. 1 (January 2008): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006936.

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ABSTRACTThis article compares the representations of aboriginal people, and especially the Yellowknife leader Akaitcho, in the journal written by John Franklin during his first expedition (1819–1822) and the narrative he published in 1823. In the introduction to his 1995 Champlain Society edition of Franklin's journal, Richard Davis claims that when revising the journal for publication, Franklin changed his original entries so as to present an unfavourable, stereotyped image of Akaitcho to the British reading public. However, comparison of the relevant passages shows that, while Franklin evidently viewed Akaitcho with distrust during much of the expedition, he later, and on reflection, changed his opinion so that it became much more favourable, and accordingly altered the journal entries in order to do Akaitcho justice. These facts cast doubt on the interpretation of the first Franklin expedition put forward by Davis and others.

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13

Ferguson, Maria. "Washington View: Lessons from Benjamin Franklin." Phi Delta Kappan 100, no. 7 (March 25, 2019): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721719841344.

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Historian Nick Bunker’s Young Benjamin Franklin: The Birth of Ingenuity shows that young Franklin benefited from a childhood with an ambitious and loving family, access to educational opportunities, and free time to explore. Maria Ferguson considers how those lessons might apply to contemporary childhoods. From a policy perspective, Franklin’s childhood depended on strong early childhood education, access to higher education, and social and emotional learning. In all three areas, positive steps are being made, although progress is slow.

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14

Kennedy, Victor. "An Exploration of Canadian Identity in Recent Literary Narratives of the Franklin Expeditions." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 3, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2006): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.3.1-2.193-200.

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Sir John Franklin’s three expeditions to the high Arctic in 1819, 1825, and 1845 have become the stuff of Canadian legend, enshrined in history books, songs, short stories, novels, and web sites. Franklin set out in 1845 to discover the Northwest Passage with the most advanced technology the British Empire could muster, and disappeared forever. Many rescue explorations found only scant evidence of the Expedition, and the mystery was finally solved only recently. This paper will explore four recent fictional works on Franklin’s expeditions, Stan Rogers’ song “Northwest Passage”, Margaret Atwood’s short story “The Age of Lead”, Rudy Wiebe’s A Discovery of Strangers, and John Wilson’s North with Franklin: the Lost Journals of James Fitzjames, to see how Franklin’s ghost has haunted the hopes and values of nineteenth-century, as well as modern, Canada.

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15

Lloyd-Jones, Ralph. "The Royal Marines on Franklin's last expedition." Polar Record 40, no. 4 (October 2004): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247404003808.

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Using methods developed by family history researchers, it is possible to discover a remarkable amount about the individual lives of many men involved in Sir John Franklin's last fatal attempt to discover a Northwest Passage. This work constitutes what might be called ‘the social history’ of Franklin studies, relevant to that voyage in particular, and the early Victorian navy in general. Light is shed upon the lives of the Royal Marines aboard both HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, men who sailed and died with Franklin.

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16

Dromgoole, Ambre. "“I’m Gonna Dedicate This One to Miss Franklin”." Journal of Popular Music Studies 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2022.34.4.19.

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This article uses Joseph Roach’s concept of performance genealogy, the constitutive nature of memory and surrogation that takes place at the site of performance, to examine the passing of the peace that took place at Aretha Franklin’s funeral, at which singers Fantasia Barrino and Jennifer Hudson performed. Barrino and Hudson’s voices, movement, and physical comportment echo the Baptist and Holiness-Pentecostal, or Sanctified, environments that Franklin first encountered as a child and that she continued to reflect throughout her life. But to hear these resonances, it is necessary to differentiate them from Afro-Protestant settings that are often collapsed into monolithic representations of a singular “Black church.” I specify how scholars hear Black women’s voices by showing that Barrino’s and Hudson’s particularities emanate certain characteristics of Franklin, enough to summon memories but not to mimic. Learning to hear individual Black women’s voices within a performance genealogy demands perceiving the different genres of spiritual theater that require different techniques of voice and presence. Seeing the distinctions among her inheritors allows scholars, audiences, and critics alike to perceive the theatrical education in Black sonic creation and makes possible representing Aretha Franklin’s artistic and interpretive brilliance. Ultimately, I argue that in order to respect Aretha Franklin, we must heed her assertion that there is in fact only one Aretha Franklin who is the sum of several social and spiritual worlds that inspired her artistic interpretations and that those in her lineage are not homogenous representations but share in her multitudes.

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17

Watson, Julia. "Remembering the American Queen: Aretha Franklin (1942-2018)." European Journal of Life Writing 11 (October 11, 2022): C65—C69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.11.39594.

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In this relational vignette Watson recalls growing up in and around Detroit as Aretha Franklin and other great local singers, many with Motown, rose to prominence. Franklin’s style was informed not only by her childhood singing gospel songs in her father’s church but also by her musical passion and activist politics. Unable to attend any of the informal tributes in Detroit around Franklin’s memorial service because she was out of the country, Watson relates how a Berlin gathering became a spontaneous memorial to Franklin’s musical genius.

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18

Bayne, Nicholas. "Why Ross Survived When Franklin Died: Arctic Explorers and the Inuit, 1829–1848." London Journal of Canadian Studies 35, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.004.

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The Franklin expedition disappeared in the High Arctic in the 1840s, looking for the North-West Passage. After a long search, contacts with local Inuit revealed they had all perished. Could the Inuit have saved Franklin’s crews? The experience of John and James Ross is instructive. A decade earlier they led a smaller party to an Arctic region near where Franklin’s crews landed. They made friends with an Inuit community and learnt useful skills in clothing, diet, shelter and transport. This enabled them to survive four Arctic winters and come home safely. But the Franklin expedition was poorly placed to benefit from Inuit contact. They were too numerous and had no interpreters. Trapped in the ice, they did not seek out Inuit villages. Leaving the ships, they turned towards a desert region and abandoned useful equipment. The wrecks of Erebus and Terror were only discovered in 2014 and 2016, again thanks to Inuit guidance. Britain has transferred the wrecks and their contents to Canada. They will be jointly held by the government and the Inuit people, whose contribution to the Franklin story is finally being recognized.

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19

Codignola, Luca. "Benjamin Franklin and the Holy See, 1783–1784." Journal of Early American History 6, no. 2-3 (November 16, 2016): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00603004.

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Benjamin Franklin played a significant role in the early encounter between Rome and the United States. By highlighting Franklin’s role one is likely to question the two main tenets of traditional Catholic historiography in this regard. First of all, that the Holy See did not unwillingly submit itself to any imposition of newly-devised American democratic procedures in selecting how best to deal with the new republic. Secondly, that Franklin did constantly intervene in religious matters, at least as far as these concerned the establishment of the Catholic Church in the United States. In fact, the adoption of a democratic form of selection of the higher hierarchy was easily accepted and indeed exploited by the Holy See. Furthermore, much was going on underneath the official doctrine of the separation between church and state. This resembled old-regime diplomatic wrangling and had Franklin as its main protagonist.

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20

Davis, Richard C. "‘…which an affectionate heart would say’: John Franklin's personal correspondence, 1819–1824." Polar Record 33, no. 186 (July 1997): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400014686.

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AbstractPersonal letters written by John Franklin to his relatives and friends between 1819 and 1824 reveal the Admiralty's 1819–1822 overland expedition from a unique perspective. All the official journals of that expedition have been published, as have the most important pieces of correspondence between Franklin and the Admiralty, the Colonial Office, and fur-trade officers. Previously unpublished personal correspondence, however, offers the possibility of a more candid response, as well as an opportunity to view the experience from an altered position. In these personal communications, Franklin sometimes expresses opinions that contradict those that appear in his public narrative and official records. But more importantly, they help construct an image of Franklin's personality around the time of his first overland expedition. The letters reveal a modest man with close familial attachments and a strong sense of personal relationships, in spite of the increasingly technological nature of his subsequent Arctic undertakings.

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21

Arrigoni, Roberto, Rosa Porro, Mario Dioguardi, Filiberto Mastrangelo, Angela Pia Cazzolla, Francesca Castellaneta, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Stefania Cantore, and Michele Covelli. "Behind the Double Helix: The Complicated Life of Rosalind Franklin." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, F (August 29, 2022): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10705.

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BACKGROUND: Rosalind Franklin was a British scientist in the 1950s, that in her short career covered a lot of important scientific topics, ranging from coal structure porosity, to biological molecules cristallography, and finally to viruses structure definition. AIM: This article aimed to underline the important role that she had for the elucidation of the DNA structure, and to reiterate the difficulties, she had to face – prominently as a woman – to be fully accepted in the world of scientific research. METHODS: An historical research was conducted and summarized, regarding the life of Rosalind Franklin. RESULTS: This myth overshadowed her intellectual strength and independence both as a scientist and as an individual. CONCLUSION: As one of the twentieth century’s pre-eminent scientists, Franklin’s work has benefited all of humanity. The 100th anniversary of her birth in 2020 was prompting much reflection on her career and research contributions, not least Franklin’s catalytic role in unraveling the structure of DNA Franklin’s premature death, combined with misogynist treatment by the male scientific establishment, cast her as a feminist icon.

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22

Spillman, Scott. "Institutional Limits: Christine Ladd-Franklin, Fellowships, and American Women's Academic Careers, 1880–1920." History of Education Quarterly 52, no. 2 (May 2012): 196–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2011.00388.x.

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Christine Ladd-Franklin spent the first forty years of her life becoming one of the best-educated women in nineteenth-century America. She spent the rest of her life devising fellowship programs designed to enable educated women to have the same opportunities as men in their academic careers. “What law of nature is it,” Ladd-Franklin wondered in 1890, “that says that it is fitting for women to be the teachers of young persons of both sexes in preparatory schools, but that it is not fitting that they should teach young persons in college?” This supposed “law” hurt not only women who were qualified to be professors, like the scientist and mathematician Ladd-Franklin, but also the larger number of college-educated American women who turned to teaching in primary and secondary schools after graduation. As Ladd-Franklin explained, the difficulty women had in becoming professors had a profound effect on women who taught at lower levels. Because women were “thought to be not worthy of being college professors,” it was “impossible for them to receive equal pay with men in the secondary schools.” The solution to the problem of inequality in schools and colleges, Ladd-Franklin believed, lay in proving that individual women could perform as well as men; this “entering wedge” would prop open the door for future women. But as Ladd-Franklin's life and work show, there were limits to a strategy that focused on individuals in institutions.

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23

Lloyd-Jones, Ralph. "The paranormal Arctic: Lady Franklin, Sophia Cracroft, and Captain and ‘Little Weesy’ Coppin." Polar Record 37, no. 200 (January 2001): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400026723.

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AbstractAlthough Jane Franklin has acquired a well-deserved reputation for stoicism and perseverance in the search for her missing husband (a central theme of nineteenth-century polar exploration), there remains evidence that she was prepared to resort to the surprising measure of the use of spirit mediums. The suggestion that she, or any Arctic explorers on the spot, had heeded such methods, led to a bitter public debate in the 1890s, involving survivors of the search for Franklin. Not only is it a particularly strange and absorbing story, but there also emerges evidence that Lady Franklin's papers may have been deliberately censored in order to preserve her credibility.

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24

Suurtamm, Karen. "Preserving her voice: The Ursula Franklin archive." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 4 (April 2018): xiv—xviii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0276.

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Here I consider the life and work of Dr. Ursula Martius Franklin, research physicist, metallurgist, pacifist, and feminist, and explore her archival records, deposited at the University of Toronto Archives. We give an overview of Dr. Franklin’s achievements and research; her work as a pioneering woman in science, technology, and engineering; and her commitment to pacifism and the social responsibility of the scientist.

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25

Mulford. "Benjamin Franklin and Women: Or, Franklin's Women." Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 87, no. 3 (2020): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.87.3.0454.

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26

Izdebska, Agnieszka. "Ślady ekspedycji Franklina w kulturze – zmienne losy opowieści o eksploracji (arktycznej) przestrzeni." Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze, no. 20 (2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsl.2022.20.04.

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The paper examines the changing cultural perceptions of one of the most famous and mysterious geographic expeditions of the 19th century, John Franklin’s search for the Northwest Passage. Analyzed herein in closer detail are two novels: The Discovery of Slowliness by Sten Nadolny and Wanting by Richard Flanagan, as well as three texts by Margaret Atwood: the short story The Age of Lead from the collection Wilderness Tips, her Oxford lecture “Concerning Franklin and his Gallant Crew”, published in the volume Strange Things. The Malevolant North in Canadian Literature, and the foreword to the reissue of O. Beatie and J. Geiger’s book Frozen in Time. The Fate of the Franklin Expedition. All of these tales of Franklin’s expedition reflect the vicissitudes of human fantasies about exploring unknown and menacing spaces – not just the mythical frozen North. They are also narratives about our relationship with Nature and all the fears and hopes associated with that relationship.

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27

Craciun, Adriana. "THE FRANKLIN RELICS IN THE ARCTIC ARCHIVE." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 1 (February 19, 2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150313000235.

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In August 2013 the Canadian governmentlaunched its largest search for the ships, relics, and records of the John Franklin expedition, which disappeared with all 129 hands lost searching for the Northwest Passage in 1845. Canada's latest search was its fifth in six years, one of dozens of search expeditions launched since 1848, in a well-known story of imperial hubris elevated to an internationalcause célèbre. Recent work in nineteenth-century literary and visual culture has shown the significant role that Franklin played in the Victorian popular imagination of the Arctic (see Spufford, Potter, David, Hill, Cavell, Williams, Savours, MacLaren). In panoramas, stereographs, paintings, plays, music, lantern shows, exhibitions, and popular and elite printed texts, record numbers of Britons could enjoy at their leisure the Arctic sublime in which Franklin's men perished. Alongside this work on how Europeans represented Arctic peoples and places, we also have a growing body of Inuit oral histories describing their encounters with nineteenth-century Arctic explorers. Drawing on these traditional histories of British exploration, visual culture, and literary imagination, and on postcolonial, anthropological and indigenous accounts that shift our attention away from the Eurocentrism of exploration historiography, and toward the “hidden histories of exploration,” this essay uncovers an unexamined material dimension of these encounters – the “Franklin Relics” collected by voyagers searching for Franklin.

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Cavell, Janice. "Going native in the north: reconsidering British attitudes during the Franklin search, 1848–1859." Polar Record 45, no. 1 (January 2009): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247408007511.

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ABSTRACTThis article critically examines the assumption that the men of Sir John Franklin's last Arctic expedition died because, influenced by the characteristic British cultural prejudices of their time, they refused to employ Inuit survival skills. Since no detailed records from this expedition have ever been found, there is no direct evidence about the attitudes held or actions taken by its members. The article therefore draws on another source: the very extensive British periodical and newspaper coverage of the Franklin search. The writers who contributed to this literature knew even less than is now known about the events of the last Franklin expedition, but their speculations about the probable fate of the lost explorers reflect the beliefs about the Arctic and its people that prevailed at the time. Especially during the early 1850s, the great majority of periodical writers believed that Franklin and his men had gone native in order to survive. It is therefore evident that there was no cultural stigma attached to adopting the Inuit way of life in times of need.

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29

Gross, Tom, and Russell S. Taichman. "A comparative analysis of the Su-pung-er and Bayne testimonies related to the Franklin expedition." Polar Record 53, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247417000535.

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ABSTRACTDuring Charles Francis Hall's second Arctic expedition (1864–1869) to find survivors and/or documents of Sir John Franklin's 1845 Northwest Passage expedition, two separate Inuit testimonies were recorded of a potential burial vault of a high-ranking officer. The first testimony was provided by a Boothia Inuk named Su-pung-er. The second testimony was documented by Captain Peter Bayne who, at the time, was employed by Hall. To date the vault has not been found. Recently, both the HMSErebusand HMSTerrorhave been located. The discovery of these vessels was made possible, in part, by Inuit testimony of encounters with and observations of the Franklin expedition. The findings of theErebusandTerrorhave significantly bolstered the view that the Inuit accurately reported their observations and interactions with the Franklin crew. The purpose of this paper is to publish in their entirety Hall's notes from conversations with Su-pung-er focused on the vaults and to compare these observations to those reported in the Bayne testimony. It is our hope that in so doing the final major archaeological site of the Franklin expedition may be located.

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Colombani, Elsa. "Franklin." Études Avril, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4314.0110.

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Slack, Kevin. "On the Sources and Authorship of “A Letter From Father Abraham to His Beloved Son”." New England Quarterly 86, no. 3 (September 2013): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00297.

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In 1967, J. A. Leo Lemay disputed the editors of The Papers of Benjamin Franklin for discounting Franklin's authorship of “A Letter From Father Abraham to His Beloved Son.” A preponderance of evidence, including newly identified sources for the “Letter's borrowings,” now seems to favor Lemay's position, although differently than he had supposed.

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BAXFIELD, C. R. C. "‘To mend the scheme of Providence’: Benjamin Franklin's electrical heterodoxy." British Journal for the History of Science 46, no. 2 (February 23, 2012): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087412000040.

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AbstractI suggest in this article that Benjamin Franklin's electrical experiments were naturalistic and reactive towards providential theories of natural harmony and electricity provided by the English experimentalists Stephen Hales, William Watson and Benjamin Wilson. Conceptualizing nature as a divine balance, Franklin rejected English arguments for God's conservation of nature's harmony, suggesting instead that nature had within itself the ability to re-equilibrate when rendered unbalanced. Whilst Franklin's work reveals an experimentally defined fissure between providential and naturalistic views of matter and motion in the mid-eighteenth century, his subsequent reflections on the use of natural philosophy sheds light on the divergent trajectory of utility implicit in these differing views. Hales and Watson in particular believed that insight into nature's providential manifestations gave the natural philosopher a medically restorative role, aligning the power of nature with God's benevolent purpose to heal the infirm. For Franklin, humanity behaved like nature, moving only when necessary. Natural philosophy existed to help these needs, making new worlds that had no dependence on God.

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Russinoff, I. Susan. "The Syllogism's Final Solution." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 5, no. 4 (December 1999): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421118.

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In 1883, while a student of C. S. Peirce at Johns Hopkins University, Christine Ladd-Franklin published a paper titled On the Algebra of Logic, in which she develops an elegant and powerful test for the validity of syllogisms that constitutes the most significant advance in syllogistic logic in two thousand years. Sadly, her work has been all but forgotten by logicians and historians of logic. Ladd-Franklin's achievement has been overlooked, partly because it has been overshadowed by the work of other logicians of the nineteenth century renaissance in logic, but probably also because she was a woman. Though neglected, the significance of her contribution to the field of symbolic logic has not been diminished by subsequent achievements of others.In this paper, I bring to light the important work of Ladd-Franklin so that she is justly credited with having solved a problem over two millennia old. First, I give a brief survey of the history of syllogistic logic. In the second section, I discuss the logical systems called “algebras of logic”. I then outline Ladd-Franklin's algebra of logic, discussing how it differs from others, and explain her test for the validity of the syllogism, both in her symbolic language and the more familiar language of modern logic. Finally I present a rigorous proof of her theorem. Ladd-Franklin developed her algebra of logic before the methods necessary for a rigorous proof were available to her. Thus, I do now what she could not have done then.

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Vitali, Vanda. "Personally happy and publicly useful: on being mentored by Ursula Franklin." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 4 (April 2018): xix—xxii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0156.

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Dr. Ursula Franklin was a renowned scientist, humanist, and pacifist and a much-honored University Professor of the University of Toronto. This paper reviews her last large archaeological science/archaeometry project, the University of Toronto – Museum of Carthage Transfer of Technology Project. The paper also demonstrates Professor Franklin’s mentorship approach, and its relevance for the profession.

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Borisova, Natalia. "‘Arriving at moral Perfection’: Benjamin Franklin und seine russischen Nachfolger (Andrej Turgenev, Vasilij Žukovskij, Dmitrij Begičev)." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 68, no. 4 (October 10, 2023): 615–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2023-0033.

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Summary The article examines how Benjamin Franklin’s ideas of self-improvement were adopted in Russia. The concept of the new creation of the self is one of Benjamin Franklin’s the most popular ideas. Since the first publication of Franklin’s Autobiography the idea of self-improvement became a genuine part of the very American ideology of the self-made man. After Andrej Turgenev published his translation of Franklin’s Autobiography in Moscow in 1799, Franklin’s method went on to enjoy a widespread triumph in imperial Russia. Andrey Turgenev’s and Vasilij Zhukovskij’s diaries, Alexander Griboedov’s comedy Gore ot uma (1825) and Dmitrij Begichev’s novel Semeystvo Kholmskikh (1832) can help us to trace this Russian history of Franklin’s method and show how Russian followers of Franklin modified and adapted his concept.

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Slack, Kevin. "Benjamin Franklin and the Reasonableness of Christianity." Church History 90, no. 1 (March 2021): 68–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640721000743.

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AbstractWhile much has been written on Benjamin Franklin's view of religion, less has been written on his Christian theology. This article first situates Franklin as an important figure in the religious Enlightenment, connecting his own view of philosophy to his teachings on Christian revelation. Providing historical context on the subscription debates, it then gives a comprehensive treatment of Franklin's Christian theology in the 1735 Hemphill affair. New scholarship on Franklin's transatlantic sources confirms that, far from attempting to undermine Christianity, he appealed to popular European writers in an attempt to bend it to reasonable ends. Moreover, Franklin's own views on church polity and liturgy developed over time. As he rose from a middling artisan to political power, he saw both the need for religious appeals and the threat that competing sects posed to political unity. His focus shifted from religious freedoms in private associations to institutionalizing elements of Christian teachings in education, charity, commerce, and defense. His experiences with rigid Presbyterian orthodoxy and chaotic New Light enthusiasm also awakened him to the need for more reasonable forms of worship, and he set to the task of experimenting with Christian liturgies to achieve both the tranquility of parishioners’ minds and social unity.

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Chylińska, Bożenna. "Be Colonial American Working Wife and Her Dear and Loving Husband Absent upon Some Public Employment: Deborah and Benjamin Franklin’s Married Life." Polish Journal for American Studies, no. 9 (2015) (July 20, 2023): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/pjas.9/2015/1.

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Although historians recognize Deborah Franklin’s abilities and accomplishments, she invariably suffers in comparison with her famous husband. She seems to have shared the fate of Anne Bradstreet a century earlier, whose worldly spouse, Simon, for years remained object of his wife’s tender affection and dutiful supervision of his affairs. The article attempts to examine and evaluate Mrs. Franklin’s immeasurable contribution to the Franklin household and business, which enabled Benjamin to act on the international arena and indulge in the frivolities of the contemporary high life, against his egalitarian declarations.

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Priyadi, Sherina Ananda, and Taufiq Effendi. "Analysis of racism depicted in Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred novel." LADU: Journal of Languages and Education 2, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56724/ladu.v2i2.98.

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Background: This research analyzes forms of racism experienced by Edana Franklin in the novel entitled Kindred by Octavia E. Butler. Purpose: The intent of the research is to discover the forms of racism encountered by Edana Franklin, as the main character of the novel. Design and methods: The method that is used is descriptive qualitative method. The source data is Edana Franklin’s experiences of slavery/racism conduct in the novel written by Octavia E. Butler. The researcher uses Henry and Tator forms of racism theory, secluded by four forms which are: Internalized Racism, Interpersonal Racism, Institutional Racism, and Structural Racism to define the racism depicted in the novel “Kindred”. Results: After analyzing Kindred, the researcher found an amount of forms of racism. The first one is Internalized Racism five (5) data, Interpersonal Racism twenty-three (23) data, Institutional Racism six (6) data, Structural Racism twenty (20) data. Resulting to the total of fifty-four (54) data in total.

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Haddadian-Moghaddam, Esmaeil. "The cultural Cold War in the Middle East." Translation and Interpreting Studies 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.20076.had.

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Abstract William Faulkner is an interesting case for the history of American cultural diplomacy. Although the State Department hailed him as a Cold War warrior, it had difficulty sponsoring his “modernist” novels in a book program that promoted American ideals during the Cold War. In this article I examine how the Franklin Book Programs arranged for some of Faulkner’s novels to be translated into Arabic and Persian by using sources from the Program’s archive and an interview with a former Franklin editor. The analysis is framed by Faulkner’s rise in status from a marginal to a major world writer. I also assess the cultural forces that led to his inclusion in Franklin’s list of publications. The analysis reveals a tension between American idealism and Cold War imperatives, further challenging the propagandist reading of the program and calling for a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of the cultural Cold War in the region.

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Franklin, John Hope. "The Two Worlds of Race: A Historical Perspective." Daedalus 140, no. 1 (January 2011): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00056.

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Franklin's essay traces the practices, policies, and laws that, from colonial times through the mid-1960s moment when he composed his essay, created and sustained the two worlds of race in America. He outlines the history of efforts from that period to alleviate racial distinctions and to foster a “world of equality and complete human fellowship.” Franklin cautions, however, that even certain well-intentioned efforts to extend services, opportunities, and rights to African Americans sometimes reinforced segregation and discrimination. He considers how key historical, legal, political, and social developments from the twentieth century - World War II, the growth of labor unions, the Great Migration, America's ascendancy as a world power, among others - advanced racial equality in America while often intensifying the backlash from opponents to such equality. Still, Franklin concludes optimistically that however strident those opponents may be, they “have been significantly weakened by the very force of the numbers and elements now seeking to eliminate the two worlds of race.”

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de Montbrial, Thierry. "Benjamin Franklin." Commentaire Numéro 115, no. 3 (2006): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/comm.115.0733.

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Mollier, Pierre. "Benjamin Franklin." Humanisme N° 279, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/huma.279.0121.

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Mead, Walter Russell, and Edmund S. Morgan. "Benjamin Franklin." Foreign Affairs 82, no. 1 (2003): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033456.

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Piver, M. Steven. "Rosalind Franklin." Oncology Times 25, no. 8 (April 2003): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000294192.14327.81.

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Berkin, Carol, and Edmund S. Morgan. "Benjamin Franklin." New England Quarterly 76, no. 1 (March 2003): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1559667.

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Martin Stannard. "Franklin Speaking?" Biography 22, no. 2 (1999): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2010.0275.

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Stasiak, Andrzej. "Rosalind Franklin." EMBO reports 2, no. 3 (March 2001): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/embo-reports/kve037.

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Maddox, Brenda. "Franklin recalled." Nature 398, no. 6725 (March 1999): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/18541.

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Erlen, Jonathon. "Benjamin Franklin." JAMA 295, no. 11 (March 15, 2006): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.11.1314.

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Southgate, M. Therese. "Benjamin Franklin." JAMA 298, no. 1 (July 4, 2007): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.1.14.

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