Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frankia symbiosis'
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Bajwa, Balwinder Singh. "Molecular charecterisation of Frankia and Alder- Frankia symbiosis in Eastern India." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/918.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Van. "The actinorhizal symbiosis of the earliest divergent Frankia cluster." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139969.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
Oakley, Brian B. "The ecology and biogeography of the Ceanothus-Frankia symbiosis in California /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5589.
Full textBenabdoun, Faïza Meriem. "Étude moléculaire des étapes précoces de la symbiose actinorhizienne Casuarina-Frankia : analyse fonctionnelle des gènes de la plante hôte contrôlant l’infection." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20103/document.
Full textMolecular study of the early stages of actinorhizal symbiosis Casuarina-Frankia: functional analysis of the host plant genes controlling the infectionMore than 80% of plant species are able to develop arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in association with glomeromycete fungi. In contrast, only some species of the Eurosid I clade, confined to four orders and ten Angiosperm families, are able to form nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses with soil bacteria. This concerns plants of the legume family (Fabaceae) and Parasponia associated with Rhizobium bacteria and actinorhizal plants associated with the actinomycete Frankia. Similarly to Legumes, the actinorhizal symbiosis results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. However, unlike legume nodule, the actinorhizal nodule has a same origin and structure than a lateral root. Thus, the study of actinorhizal nodules is of particular interest not only for investigating its specific properties but also, for determining common characteristics shared with legume nodules.We have studied the role of CgCCaMK gene during the symbiotic process and nodule organogenesis in the actinorhizal tree Casuarina glauca. CCaMK encodes a calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase. In the signalisation cascade leading to both nodulation and mycorrhization in legumes, this gene is acting downstream the calcium oscillations (« calcium spiking ») that occur during the early steps of the symbiotic interaction. It has been suggested that these calcium oscillations are decoded and transduced by the CCaMK protein.We have monitored the spatio-temporal expression of a PromCgCCaMK::GUS fusion during actinorhizal nodulation and have shown that reporter gene expression was correlated with the presence of Frankia along the symbiotic process. This data highlights the role of CgCCaMK during Frankia infection. In addition, we have investigated the role of the CCaMK autoinhibitory/CaM domain in actinorhizal nodule organogenesis. To achieve this goal, we have obtained truncated versions of CgCCaMK lacking the autoinhibitory/CaM domain, and then expressed them into C. glauca. We have also used truncated forms of MtCCaMK from Medicago truncatula. The expression of these CCaMK constructs from C. glauca and M. truncatula was found to induce spontaneous nodulation in the absence of Frankia bacteria. These results suggest that deregulation of the calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase is able to reactivate the symbiotic signalling pathway and genes acting downstream CCaMK that are needed for nodule organogenesis.Key words: Casuarina glauca, Frankia, CCaMK, infection, autoinhibition, spontaneous nodules
Abdel-Lateif, Khalid. "Flavonoids and actinorhizal symbiosis : Impact of RNA interference-mediated silencing of chalcone synthase gene on symbiosis between Casuarina glauca and Frankia." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20244/document.
Full textNitrogen-fixing root nodulation, confined to four plant orders, encompasses more than 14,000 Leguminosae species, and approximately 200 actinorhizal species forming symbioses with rhizobia and Frankia bacterial species, respectively. Most actinorhizal plants are capable of high rates of nitrogen fixation comparable to the nitrogen fixing symbiosis between legumes and Rhizobium. As a consequence, these plants are able to grow in poor and disturbed soils and are important elements in plant community worldwide. The basic knowledge of the symbiotic interaction between Frankia and actinorhizal plants is still poorly understood, although it offers striking differences with the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. In the symbiosis between legumes and Rhizobium, flavonoids are key molecules for nodulation. In actinorhizal plants, the involvement of flavonoids in symbiosis is poorly understood, but because of the similarities of the infection process between some actinorhizal plants and legumes, flavonoids were proposed to act as plant signals for the bacteria Frankia. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the involvement of flavonoids during the actinorhizal nodulation process resulting from the interaction between the tropical tree Casuarina glauca and the actinomycete Frankia.Eight C. glauca genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified from a unigene database and their expression patterns were monitored by quantitative real-time PCR during the nodulation time course. Our results showed that chalcone isomerase and isoflavone reductase transcripts accumulated preferentially early after inoculation with Frankia, suggesting thus for the first time that isoflavonoids are implicated in actinorhizal nodulation. To go deeper in the understanding of the role of these molecules in actinorhizal symbiosis, we used RNA interference strategy to silence chalcone synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of the flavonoid pathway. Knockdown of chalcone synthase expression led to a strong reduction of specific flavonoids levels and resulted in a severely impaired nodulation. Nodule formation could be rescued by supplementation of plants with naringenin, which is an upstream intermediate in flavonoid biosynthesis. Our results provide, for the first time, direct evidence of a strong implication of flavonoids during actinorhizal nodulation
Schwob, Guillaume. "Rôle écologique de la sporulation in-planta dans les symbioses actinorhiziennes : cas de la symbiose Alnus - Frankia." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1037/document.
Full textMicrobial biogeography would be based on the ability of microorganisms to disperse across time and space, as a function of abiotic factors such as soil properties, climate, and of biotic interactions, in particular with the host in the case of symbionts, but also on life history traits such as the ability to sporulate. Frankia sp. is a spore-forming and nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium that has a complex biogeography given its abilities for both saprophytic life and root symbiotic interaction with actinorhizal plants such as alders (Alnus, Betulaceae). Two distinct groups of Frankia lineages have been described according to a major phenotypic divergence, based on the presence (Sp+) or the absence (Sp-) of spores in planta.. To the best of our knowledge, this endophytic sporulation is an original trait in a symbiotic context and very little is known about its incidence in Frankia biogeography. This work integrates descriptive and experimental approaches on both field and laboratory areas, in order to improve the understanding of the ecological role of Frankia in planta sporulation. First, we have extended the description of the phylobiogeography of Sp+ Frankia strains to validate the previously proposed distribution pattern focused on cold environements at high altitude or high latitude. A phylogeny has been computed using a large number of nodular strains coming from the 3 continents of the Northern Hemisphere and 10 different Alnus species. Special attention was paid to geographic areas where a higher diversity was expected, in Asia, and in its glacial refuges. Second, we studied the influence of the host-plant on the distribution of Fankia Sp+ and the incidence of Sp+ in the symbiotic interaction. Experimental crosses have been performed to disentangle host and climate effects and to test the incidence of the Sp+ trait in terms of infectivity, competitiveness and host-range. Finally, we studied the ecological consequences of the Alnus/Frankia symbiotic complex, on the microbial diversity and on the nitrogen cycle functionning, with respect to the sporulation of Frankia and to the Alnus expansion on sub-/alpine grasslands. Soils analyses were performed in association with measures of nitrification and denitrification, as well as global and functional microbial diversity analyses, in Sp+, Sp- or mixed alder stands and at different colonization stages. In each part of this work, alder ectomycorhizae were analyzed to compare the distribution pattern between the two symbionts and to highlight potential interactions with the Sp+ trait of Frankia. Our results show the dominance of Sp+ strains in nodules of alder species from cold environments over the 3 continents of the Holarctic zone, with original diversity patterns in alder area of origin and in glacial refuges. Even if these strains are genetically homogenous, host-specific clusters were observed in the phylogeny. Crosses revealed that Sp+ strains were more infective and competitive than Sp- strains. Moreover, unlike Sp- strains that harbor a wide host-range, Sp+ strains have a narrower specificity leading to association’s incompatibilities and suggesting strong host dependence. For the first time, modifications of microbial communities were revealed in response to the Alnus-Frankia symbiotic complex colonization and were linked to a stimulation of the nitrogen cycle in the sub-/alpine grasslands. The first comparative results of nitrogen fixation between Sp+ and Sp- strains in natura suggest a maximal efficiency of fixation, representing almost 100% of the alder nitrogen. However, unlike previous reports in literature, no pattern was observed between Sp+ and Sp- strains, suggesting a complex effect of seasonality, alder age as well as that of nodules. Altogether, the previous results contribute to a better understanding of the Frankia biogeography drivers and allow us to discuss the expected evolution of distribution pattern in response to the global warming
Bhattacharya, Sanghati. "Characterization and diversity of selected actinorhizal haemoglobin genes and proteins with reference to Alnus-Frankia symbiosis." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/hdl.handle.net/123456789/2629.
Full textWilcox, Dale Adrian. "Diversity of Frankia associated with Morella species of the Cape floristic region of Southern Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5346.
Full textFrankia is one of two partners in the globally distributed N2-fixing actinorhizal symbiosis between this filamentous soil-dwelling actinomycete and almost 300 species of host plants from eight diverse angiosperm families. The actinorhizal symbiosis is a major contributor to nitrogen reservoirs in terrestrial ecosystems, and allows actinorhizal plants to perform the role of pioneers in newly formed and nitrogen-poor soils. Frankia are differentiated into four main host-infection groups (1: Alnus/Comptonia/Myrica-infective, 2: Rosaceae/Datisca/Coriaria-infective, 3: Elaeagnaceae/Gymnostoma-infective and 4: Casuarina-infective), and there is a large degree of phylogenetic clustering within these HIGs. Of these host lineages, species from the genus Morella, from the family Myricaceae, are notable as they have the ability to establish effective partnerships with Frankia from more than one host-infection group. Africa houses 16 of the world’s 33 currently accepted Morella species, and Morella is the continents only genus containing endemic actinorhizal species. Despite this, the diversity of Frankia in symbiosis with African Morella has never been explored. To address this lack of knowledge I investigated Frankia in root nodules of six Morella species from the Cape flora of Southern Africa, as well as in rhizosphere soils from selected hosts. Partial nif H gene fragments recovered from 202 root nodules yielded 26 unique sequences, which phylogenetic analysis assigned to Frankia Cluster I (the Alnus host infection group) and Frankia Cluster III (the Elaeagnus host infection group)1. Nineteen nif H sequences were assigned to three sub-clusters within Frankia Cluster III (CC-3, CC-4 and CC-5), and the remaining seven sequences to two sub-clusters within Cluster I (CC-1 and CC-2), one of which (CC-1) is novel to the current study. Identical sequences were recovered from nodules collected at geographically distant locations, suggesting a cosmopolitan distribution within the region for some subgroups from both clusters, but more localized distribution (or tighter host-specificity) for others. Soil pH correlated with strain presence in nodules, with Cluster I sequences being associated with hosts growing in acidic soils exclusively. Furthermore, three Morella species from the Cape flora of southern Africa are promiscuous in their natural habitats, with host infection group influenced by habitat edaphic conditions. In order to explore the correlation between soil characteristics and Frankia presence in nodules, nif H soil libraries were created from selected host rhizospheres. While Cluster III sequences from these libraries corresponded closely to sequences found in nodules from the same sites, the dominant Cape Cluster I group (CC-1) was absent from all six libraries, even when present in nodules recovered from the same soils. Whether this was due to low abundance of -but strong selection for- these strains by hosts under particular conditions, or due to the absence in soil of hyphal forms of these strains could not be determined. Cluster III strains are known to be better able to persist saprophytically than their relatives from other host-infection groups. A second group of Cluster I strains, detected at only one sampling site, was present in that site's corresponding soil library. An Alnus-infective subgroup, cluster AI, which has been detected in soils collected on five continents, was also detected in the of the Cape soil libraries but never in nodules, raising questions as to this group’s ability to persist in soil in the absence of known suitable hosts. Ten Frankia strains representing all three of the numerically dominant subgroups (CC-1, CC-3 and CC-4, found in 186 of 202 root nodules) were isolated from four Morella species. These isolates represent six of the most abundant unique nodular nif H sequences found in the field survey, and display morphological and cultural characteristics typical of Frankia. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their identity as Frankia, and multilocus analysis revealed that the isolates belong to three genospecies. Two of these genospecies fall into existing groups within the Elaeagnus-infective Cluster III, while the remaining genospecies is a novel addition to the otherwise well-described Alnus-infective Cluster I. Whole genome sequencing of a representative from each of the Cape genospecies allowed for basic annotation and genome descriptions, which agreed in each case with what has been previously found for strains from the Elaeagnus and Alnus host-infection groups, respectively. Similarly, the organization of nitrogenase gene clusters in each of the sequenced strains mirrors that found in other strains from their respective host-infection groups, indicating that this gene cluster is highly conserved in different Frankia lineages. For the first time the diversity of Frankia nodulating endemic African Morella, and present in root-associated soils of these species, has been explored. This is also the first study to report isolation and description of Frankia strains from actinorhizal plants endemic to Africa.
Pozzi, Adrien C. "Rôles adaptatifs et contraintes de la sporulation chez les microorganismes associés aux plantes : cas de la sporulation in planta dans la symbiose actinorhizienne Frankia (Frankiaceae)–Alnus (Betulaceae)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10359/document.
Full textFrankia sp. is a telluric actinobacteria able to establish a root symbiosis with actinorhizal plant such as Alnus sp. Only some Frankia strains are able to sporulate in-planta, as spores can be present in (Sp+) or absent from (Sp–) the vegetal cells of the root nodule. It is to our knowledge a unique case of endophytic sporulation. However, the description and the ecological interpretation of this original life-history trait (LHT) were scarce. Our contribution to the study of the in-planta sporulation of Alnus-infective Frankia sp. combines theoretical, descriptive and experimental approaches to precise (i) the relative effect of the bacterial strain, the host-plant species and the pedoclimatic conditions on this LHT, (ii) the effect of the of the environmental variability on the distribution, diversity and selection of the trait, and (iii) the associated costs and benefits for the two symbiotic partners. We demonstrated for the first time that the in-planta sporulation is a LHT (i) specific to some Frankia lineages, (ii) major to understand their evolutionary history and (iii) significantly correlated to particular genetic features. We also shown that the occurrence of the trait varies according to the environment We also proposed a model of the evolution of the trait taking its fitness into account. We bring all the previous considerations and results to discuss the inplanta sporulation trait within a continuum of symbiotic strategies and more generally to discuss the evolutionary ecology of plant-microbe symbioses
Queiroux, Clothilde. "Signalisation moléculaire dans la symbiose Frankia-aulne." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10228.
Full textNitrogen is essential for cells development. It's one of the limiting factors of plant growth. The only abundant source of this component is the atmosphere which contains 80 % of dinitrogen, but this form can only be assimilated by some prokaryotes. These microorganisms are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen under freeliving condition or in symbiosis with some plants. Thus, they provide nitrogen substrates to the plant in the form of ammonium, and in return the plant provides carbon substrates from photosynthesis. It is an association with reciprocal profits for both partners. There are two major nitrogen-fixing symbioses: rhizobial symbiosis, which involves various Proteobacteria and actinorhizal symbiosis, which involves the Actinobacterium, Frankia. Bacteria enter plant root cells and develop a new organ, the nodule where nitrogen fixation takes place. Molecular bases are well characterized for rhizobial symbiosis, whereas little is known about the actinorhizal symbiosis. This fact is in part due to absence of genetic tools for Frankia. However, early steps of the interaction show some similarities. These two bacteria are able to induce root hair deformation by secreting a deforming factor, Nod factor in most rhizobial symbioses and a noncharacterized factor in the actinorhizal symbiosis. The aim of this thesis was to determine if molecular dialogue between plant and bacteria is based on universal components. This work used two approaches. One was targeted on nodC-like gene from Frankia alni ACN14a. We tried to characterize their function. Another used trancriptomic microarrays in Frankia. This technique allowed us to compare transcripts from 2 conditions: free-living cells and symbiosis. A last approach focused on aromatic compounds in Frankia. We wanted to determine if Frankia was able to use different aromatic compounds to grow. Indeed, a lot of aromatic compounds are involved in plant-bacteria interaction such as plant defense
Cérémonie-Farhane, Hélène. "Interactions moléculaires et génétiques de la symbiose Frankia-aulne." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10202.
Full textHuguet, Valérie. "Diversité génétique et spécificité d'association des deux partenaires dans la symbiose actinorhizienne Myricaceae-Frankia(Actinomycetale)." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10063.
Full textCournoyer, Benoît. "L'évolution du pouvoir infectieux chez les symbiotes actinorhiziens du genre Frankia." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10121.
Full textVergnaud, Laurence. "Etablissement de la symbiose aulne-Frankia : optimisation de l'étude in vitro." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10135.
Full textVergnaud, Laurence. "Etablissement de la symbiose Aulne-Frankia optimisation de l'étude in vitro /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610577j.
Full textOrfanoudakis, Michail. "Symbiotic relationships of Alnus glutinosa with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and with Frankia." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2003. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/symbiotic-relationships-of-alnus-glutinosa-with-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-and-with-frankia(c70364aa-677c-4611-a733-ffd98314a733).html.
Full textPopovici, Jean. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la spécificité de la symbiose Frankia-Myrica gale : nature et rôles des métabolites secondaires de la plante-hôtes." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10239.
Full textThe molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment and the specificity of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis associating Frankia genus bacteria and actinorhizal plants are still unknown. The plant model chosen, Myrica gale, allows, due to its original symbiotic specificity compared to other Myricaceae species, to compare compatible and incompatible interactions. This work focused on the role of the host plant secondary metabolites in the symbiotic specificity. Two approaches were developed in this work: 1 the purification, identification and study of the effect of seed-exudated compounds on the physiology of compatible and incompatible Frankia strains (growth, nitrogen fixation and gene expression) and 2 the effect of the inoculation of compatible and incompatible Frankia strains on the root phenolic metabolism of the host-plant. The results of this work show the involvement of the host-plant secondary metabolites and particularly dihydrochalcones, in the symbiotic interaction with Frankia
PHELEP, MICHELE. "Approche moleculaire du role de la plante hote dans la symbiose casuarinaceae-frankia." Paris, ENGREF, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENGR0004.
Full textCotin-Galvan, Laetitia. "Relation plante-hôte / Frankia dans les symbioses actinorhiziennes : cas particulier des souches non-isolables capables de sporuler in-planta." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10183/document.
Full textSporulation is a phenomenon present in many microorganisms, usually involved in the mechanisms of dispersion and/or resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Sporulation occurs in some Frankia strains (a diazotrophic actinobacteria) during their symbiotic interaction with actinorhizal plants, which is paradoxical in a context where the bacterium has a favorable ecological niche for its development. These particular Frankia strains, called Sp+, represent a unique model of symbiont capable of sporulation within the host cells. The ecological role and the evolutionary meanings of this in-planta sporulation still remain understood. The two main objectives of this thesis aimed to (i) understand the influence of in-planta sporulation on the symbiotic capacity of Sp+ strains in terms of infectivity and competitiveness and (ii) understand the impact of this sporulation on the functioning of the symbiotic complex by a metabolic profiling approach. These studies have confirmed the symbiotic characteristics of Sp+ strains (greater infectivity and competitiveness) and have shown significant differences in the primary and secondary metabolism of the symbiotic complex associated with the presence of Frankia spores
Peret, Benjamin. "Transport de l'auxine et développement du nodule actinorhizien chez l'arbre tropical Casuarina glauca." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20041.
Full textActinorhizal plants belonging to 8 families of angiosperms can enter symbiosis with a soil actinomycete called Frankia. This interaction leads to the formation of nitrogen fixing nodules on the plant root system. The actinorhizal nodule is considered as a modified lateral root because i) it originates from divisions of pericycle cells situated in front of xylem poles, ii) its vasculature is central and its growth is indeterminate due to the presence of an apical meristem and iii) in some species such as Casuarina glauca a so-called “nodular root” is formed at the apex of each nodule lobe. Auxin, and more particularly auxin influx, is involved in lateral root formation. We identified auxin influx transporter genes in the actinorhizal plant C. Glauca and studied the role of auxin influx transport during actinorhizal nodule formation. Two AUX-LAX genes encoding for auxin influx carriers have been identified in C. Glauca. The expression patterns of CgAUX1 and CgLAX3 are highly conserved between C. Glauca and Arabidopsis thaliana. Functional complementation of the Arabidopsis aux1 mutant revealed that CgAUX1 and AtAUX1 share equivalent functions. Our data suggest that functional divergence exists in the AUX-LAX family. We analysed the role of these genes during the actinorhizal symbiosis. Expression studies showed that CgAUX1 is expressed in all infected cells. Moreover, we confirmed that auxin influx transport is involved in the symbiotic process by taking advantage of an auxin influx transport inhibitor. We also observed that CgAUX1 is expressed in lateral root primordium but not in nodule primordium thus pinpointing some differences in the developmental program of these two organs. We then tried to identify the mechanisms acting downstream of auxin influx transport by studying the role of AtLAX3 in Arabidopsis. We showed that a set of cell wall remodeling genes are induced by auxin in a AtLAX3 dependent way during lateral root emergence. We next tried to identify cell wall remodeling genes that could be involved in the infection process in a CgAUX1 dependent way. Cg12 encodes for a subtilisin-like protease that is specifically expressed in Frankia infected cells and could be a target of CgAUX1 dependent auxin signaling. Our results suggest that auxin influx transport is involved in the infection process during actinorhizal nodule formation in C. Glauca
Corbeil, Marie-Michelle. "Étude de la symbiose actinorhizienne et mycorhizienne chez l'aulne exposé aux résidus de mine aurifère." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6012.
Full textHammad, Yaser. "Interactions Frankia-plante actinorhizienne : réactions de Frankia aux exsudats racinaires d'Alnus glutinosa et rôle hormonal possible du PAA dans l'établissement de la symbiose." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10071.
Full textHaansuu, Johannes Pasi. "Demethyl (C-11) cezomycin : a novel calcimycin antibiotic from the symbiotic, N2-fixing actinomycete Frankia." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/haansuu/.
Full textLavire, Céline. "Modulation des propriétés symbiotiques de Frankia : mécanismes de régulation génétique et métabolisme de l'azote." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10081.
Full textMehta, Punita. "Evaluating the potential of alder-Frankia symbionts for the remediation and revegetation of oil sands tailings." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84099.
Full textA. rugosa however, had a greater impact on the mineralization of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and, being native to Alberta, was chosen for further experimentation, using only composite tailings. The aim of the experiments was to determine the effect of a Frankia inoculum on the growth of A. rugosa in (CT) and the associated microbial community. The microflora in the bulk soil, rhizosphere and inside the root of inoculated and non-inoculated A. rugosa were compared through microbial enumerations of the community, with general and selective media and mineralization assays. A. rugosa inoculated with Frankia was taller and the roots were more developed and the endophytic community of inoculated A. rugosa had greater rates of naphthalene mineralization.
The results indicate that A. rugosa inoculated with Frankia could be used for the phytoremediation of tailings and for the re-establishment of a forest ecosystem.
Svistoonoff, Sergio. "Implication d'une subtilase dans les étapes précoces des symbioses actinorhiziennes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149614.
Full text(1) Une étude détaillée du profil d'expression de Cg12 a été réalisée grâce à l'utilisation de Casuarinacées transgéniques contenant des fusions transcriptionelles entre le promoteur de Cg12 et des gènes rapporteurs. Cette analyse a permis de montrer que l'expression de Cg12 est spécifiquement liée à l'infection des cellules par Frankia et qu'elle débute dès les premières étapes de la symbiose, quand Frankia pénètre dans des poils absorbants déformés.
(2) La protéine CG12 a été mise en évidence dans des extraits protéiques de C. glauca en utilisant des anticorps anti-CG12. Ces anticorps ont également été utilisés dans des expériences d'immunolocalisation, ce qui nous a permis de montrer que CG12 se retrouve dans le compartiment extracellulaire, au niveau des parois et du matériel polysaccharidique qui entoure Frankia.
(3) Nous avons introduit les fusions transcriptionelles Cg12-gène rapporteur dans la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana afin d'analyser les voies de transduction impliquées dans l'expression de Cg12. Cependant aucune expression des gènes rapporteurs n'a pu être détectée au cours du développement et en réponse à des traitements hormonaux. Nous avons également utilisé Arabidopsis afin de mieux comprendre le rôle d'Ara12, un gène de subtilase proche de Cg12, dont nous avons analysé le profil d'expression chez Arabidopsis.
(4) Nous avons étudié l'implication de subtilases dans la symbiose fixatrice d'azote entre la légumineuse Medicago truncatula et Sinorhizobium meliloti. Pour cela nous avons analysé le profil d'expression des gènes rapporteurs placés sous le contrôle du promoteur de Cg12 dans des plantes transgéniques de M. truncatula. La conservation du profil d'expression de Cg12 chez M. truncatula suggère l'existence d'une voie de transduction indépendante de celle qui est activée par les facteurs Nod. Cette voie de transduction est activée dans les deux systèmes symbiotiques en réponse à l'infection par les bactéries. Nous avons ensuite analysé le profil d'expression de plusieurs gènes de subtilases trouvés dans les banques de séquences de M. truncatula. Trois de ces gènes spécifiquement exprimés dans les nodules pourraient être des orthologues de Cg12 chez M. truncatula.
Mallet, Pierre-Luc. "Impact des contaminants des sables résiduels de l'industrie pétrolière albertaine sur Frankia SP. et sa symbiose avec l'aulne." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4898.
Full textBissonnette, Cyntia. "Étude de la symbiose actinorhizienne chez l'aulne rugueux et l'aulne crispé colonisant les sites perturbés par l'industrie pétrolière albertaine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4927.
Full textNazaret, Sylvie. "Caractérisation des souches de Frankia isolées des nodules de Casuarina : mise au point de marqueurs génétiques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10030.
Full textEl-Morsy, Shawky Mhamoud Ahmed Selim. "La symbiose Casuarina-Frankia. Optimisation de la croissance et approche biologique de la reconnaissance microorganisme-plante hote." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112288.
Full textFraga-Beddiar, Arifa. "Interactions entre les symbiotes mycorhiziens et les symbiotes fixateurs d'azote chez l'aulne glutineux (alnus glutinosa L. Gaertin)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10335.
Full textRouvier, Carole. "Caractérisation génétique de Frankia nodulant les casuarinacées : influence de la plante-hôte et de sa zone d'origine, l'Australie." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10175.
Full textGirgis, Mina. "Caractérisation de souches de Frankia de casuarinacées : appllication à l'amélioration de la fixation d'azote chez Casuarina glauca." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10138.
Full textPrin, Yves. "Les surfaces des deux partenaires de la symbiose aulne-frankia : caractérisation et rôle dans les étapes de pré-infection." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11687.
Full textEscobar, Jaramillo Paola. "Development, production and application of alder-Frankia symbionts for the remediation and revegetation of oil sands process affected material (OSPM) in Athabasca." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110622.
Full textRÉSUMÉLes aulnes symbiotiques ont un excellent potentiel pour la restauration et la re-végétalisation des anciens sites d'exploitation des sables bitumineux, et la pré-inoculation en serre a été démontrée comme aidant à assurer le succès de la plantation sur le terrain. Pour une croissance et une formation optimale des nodules, plusieurs facteurs sont à considérer : le moment de l'inoculation (âge de la plante) et les sourcesd'N. Dans la présente étude, Alnus crispa a été inoculé avec la souche Frankia AvcI1. Les semis ont été exposés à différentes conditions incluant la présence ou l'absence de Frankia, trois moment d'inoculation et cinq traitements d'N, afin de déterminer la meilleure méthode pour induire la nodulation des plantes et optimiser la croissance. Les résultats ont indiqué que l'inoculation avec Frankia à 9 semaines d'âge a amélioréla croissance des semis, la formation de nodules et la fixation de N2. La fertilisation avec 100 ppm d'N a été nocive pour la santé des plantes, tandis que la fertilisation avec 10 ppm d'N n'a pas remplis les besoins en azote des semis, ce qui suggère la nécessité d'appliquer des concentrations plus élevées d'N ne dépassant toutefois pas 100 ppm.Les semis d'aulnes inoculés en serre ont ensuite été utilisés dans un essai à grande échelle sur le terrain afin d'évaluer leur capacité à améliorer la qualité des sols et l'activité métabolique de la communauté microbienne indigène sur un ancien site d'exploitation des sables bitumineux. En outre, la souche de Frankia inoculée a été surveillée pour déterminer si elle est restée présente parmis la communauté endophyte des nodules d'aulne. Les résultats ont démontrés que les aulnes inoculés étaient capable d'une croissance beaucoup plus active que lesplantes non inoculées, produisant jusqu'à cinq fois plus de biomasse au cours des trois saisons de croissance de l'essai sur le terrain. Les aulnes ont aussi favorisé la prolifération des bactéries hétérotrophes et des bactéries dégradant les hydrocarbures leur rhizosphère. Dessouches de Frankia indigènes qui partageaient des similitudes moléculaires avec le symbiote utilisée dans cette étude, ont été retrouvées dans les nodules des aulnes non inoculés, ainsi que dans certains des échantillons de sol indiquant qu'une approche de détection moléculaire nécessite une validation plus poussée.
Bélanger, Pier-Anne. "Étude de l'effet de la contamination en métaux lourds sur Frankia SPP. et sa symbiose avec l'aulne noir (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4870.
Full textPéret, Benjamin. "Transport de l'auxine et développement du nodule actinorhizien chez l'arbre tropical Casuarina glauca." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163696.
Full textDeux gènes de la famille AUX-LAX codant des transporteurs d'influx d'auxine ont été identifiés C. glauca. Les profils d'expression des gènes CgAUX1 et CgLAX3 sont très conservés entre C. glauca et Arabidopsis thaliana. De plus, des analyses fonctionnelles par complémentation de mutants d'A. thaliana ont mis en évidence une équivalence entre CgAUX1 et AtAUX1. Nos études suggèrent également qu'il existe une divergence fonctionnelle au sein de la famille AUX-LAX.
Nous avons analysé le rôle de ces gènes au cours de la mise en place de la symbiose. Notre étude montre que le gène CgAUX1 est exprimé dans les cellules infectées tout au long de l'infection. De plus, le rôle du transport d'influx d'auxine dans le mécanisme d'infection a été confirmé par l'utilisation d'un inhibiteur du transport d'influx. Par ailleurs, le gène CgAUX1 est exprimé dans le primordium de racine latérale mais pas dans le primordium nodulaire. Cela suggère que ces deux organes présentent des différences dans leur programme de développement.
Afin d'identifier les mécanismes agissant en aval du transport d'influx d'auxine, nous avons étudié le rôle d'AtLAX3 chez Arabidopsis. Nous avons montré qu'un certain nombre de gènes de remodelage de la paroi sont induits par l'auxine de façon dépendante d'AtLAX3 au cours de l'émergence de la racine latérale. Nous avons cherché à identifier des gènes de remodelage de la paroi qui pourraient être impliqués dans l'infection par la bactérie Frankia de façon dépendante de CgAUX1. Cg12 qui code une protéase de type subtilisine spécifiquement exprimée dans les cellules infectées pourrait être une cible de la signalisation auxinique dépendante de CgAUX1.
Nos résultats suggèrent que le transport d'influx d'auxine est impliqué dans la mise en place du nodule actinorhizien chez C. glauca.
Barrette, Kathleen. "Étude de la symbiose actinorhizienne chez l'aulne en présence de résidus miniers aurifères acidogènes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9860.
Full textKurdali, Fawaz. "Interactions entre le milieu et les deux partenaires de la symbiose Alnus - Frankia mises en évidence par l'estimation de l'activité fixatrice de l'azote à l'aide des méthodes 15N." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10084.
Full textDaniere, Cécile. "Symbiose fixatrice d'azote aulne-frankia : essai de caractérisation des individus d'Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (Betulaceae) par les aglycones flavoniques excrétés à la surface des feuilles : rôle de la plante-hôte dans le choix du partenaire microbien." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10108.
Full textDomenach, Anne-Marie. "Estimation de la fixation symbiotique chez des plantes herbacées et ligneuses : utilisation et validité de la méthode basée sur la mesure des abondances isotopiques naturelles de l'azote." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10042.
Full textZhang, Haoqiang [Verfasser], Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] George, Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Franken, and Franziska [Akademischer Betreuer] Krajinski. "Arbuscular mycorrhiza in Medicago truncatula : involvement of MtHA1 in formation and symbiotic functions and molecular analysis of interaction with a root pathogen / Haoqiang Zhang. Gutachter: Eckhard George ; Philipp Franken ; Franziska Krajinski." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049237226/34.
Full textJeong, Soon-Chun. "Evolution and ecology of the Ceanothus-Frankia symbiosis." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34006.
Full textGraduation date: 1998
Fleming, Anthony Ian. "Studies on the Casuarina - Frankia symbiosis with special reference to hemoglobin." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142395.
Full textChakrabarti, Sukrita. "Identification of symbiotic genes and their application in the taxonomy of Frankia." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142607.
Full textChen, Haoran. "The effect of Frankia spp. and ectomycorrhizal fungi on Alnus viridis ssp. crispa growing in low fertility and saline soil." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31881.
Full textOctober 2016