Journal articles on the topic 'Francoism – Influence'
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1
Dementiev, A. V. "Neofrancoism and the Problem of Territorial Integrity of Modern Spain." MGIMO Review of International Relations 64, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-1-64-129-146.
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The article is devoted to the strengthening of right-wing and populist sentiments observed in Spanish society in recent years, which is largely a consequence of both ethno-national conflicts, primarily in Catalonia, and of social and ideological confrontations that have become aggravated in the country. There is an increase in the influence of neo-traditionalists and neo-conservatives, whose calls to protect the territorial integrity of the country, the Christian values and historical traditions of the Spanish nation are heard louder, echoing Franco's ideological and political heritage. Neo-francoists, neo-phalangists, monarchists, carlists, and some military circles in Spain praising now the contribution of the dictatorial regime to the historical and socio-economic development of the country in the 20th century. The article cites facts proving that the basic tenets of Francoism, associated primarily with the preservation of the territorial integrity of the country and the unity of the Spanish nation, are finding welcome response in modern Spain. With the growth of separatist aspirations in the regions the nationalism in the form of neo-Francoism, has recently acquired more and more real political power. The conclusion is proved by the success of the right-wing Vox party in the elections to the regional parliament of Andalusia in December 2018. If the current trends continue, Spanish ultranationalists and neo-francoists will be represented not only in regional parliaments, but will also receive mandates in the General Cortes and the European Parliament.
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Filatov, Georgy. "Church and party during the years of the first Francoism (1939‒1957)." Latin-American Historical Almanac 35, no. 1 (September 24, 2022): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2022-35-1-255-275.
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During the first Francoism, the party and the church became the key institutions of the regime. They were largely responsible for social con-trol over the population. In the first years after the civil war, the "Spanish Traditionalist Falange and JONS", a result of the forcible unification of various political forces, took the leading role. The party carried out the task of familiarizing the Spaniards with the ideology of the new state. For this purpose, an extensive network of organizations was created, which was supposed to cover all the Spaniards. The adult male population was part of vertical trade unions, women were in the "Women's Section", children – in the "Youth Front". Nevertheless, the Party's success in indoctrinating the population was very modest and was reduced to an obligatory routine that had little effect on everyday life. The church had a much greater influence. The new authorities, in exchange for the support of the majority of Catholic prelates, gave the church broad powers to control the private lives of the Spaniards. Mar-riage was exclusively in the competence of the church. Divorce has almost completely disappeared from the life of the country. The church also gained wide influence on the education system, which resulted in conflicts with the Falange. After the World War II, the regime began to favor the church and organizations associated with it. Their representa-tives occupied a number of key positions in the government. Despite the fact that the party faded into the background, it retained all of its original functions.
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Настусевич, Валерия Игоревна. "Catholic organisation Opus Dei in Spain: origin and formation (1928–1975)." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 3 (August 9, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-3-71-81.
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The article examines the history of the emergence and development of the Catholic organisation Opus Dei. The key stages of its development are determined, the social and political, educational and intra-church activities of Opus Dei members during the Franco period are analysed. Special attention is given to the history of the origin of the organisation, its structure and institutionalisation, its influence on economic policy and education in Spain, as well as obtaining the official standing of Opus Dei in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. The problems of opening the first centers of the organisation, the foundation of the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross, the formation of legal mechanisms that allowed regulating the activities of Opus Dei are considered. It also examines the economic policy of the Spanish government during the period of the second Francoism, in which the main places were occupied by members of Opus Dei. The economic reforms carried out according to the stabilisation plan (1959) and development plans (1964–1967, 1968–1971, 1972–1973) are analysed.
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Meseguer, Purificación, and Ana Rojo. "Literatura, sexo y censura." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 27, no. 2 (December 8, 2014): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.27.2.14mes.
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In Franco’s totalitarian state, censorship became from the start an efficient mechanism to control artistic production — and by extension, ideas — which was conceived to maintain and enhance the values of Francoist regime. But its violent and ruthless measures did not prevent it from being considered by some as arbitrary and inconsistent. The present article argues that Francoist censorship was a rigid and normalised system with fixed criteria that guided and determined censors’ decisions. The study carried out here compares three novels sharing the theme of sexuality, which were originally written in English and French and translated into Spanish under Franco’s dictatorship: The last of the wine, by Mary Renault (1961); Safo, by Alphonse Daudet (1964); and The anti-death league, by Kingsley Amis (1967). It aims to identify examples of censorship manipulation and establish translational patterns by analysing — both quantitatively and qualitatively — the strategies or censorship mechanisms detected in the translated texts. The results of the study illustrate the influence that Francoist censorship exerted upon the translation of novels with sexual content, contributing to unveiling the reasons behind their alterations.
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San Ramon Gago, Sonsoles. "Generation and Construction of Professional Identity." education policy analysis archives 9 (May 22, 2001): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v9n19.2001.
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It is my aim in this article to carry out a thorough examination of the basic elements, ideology and symbolic representations which constitute the identity of a generation of schoolmistresses belonging to a crucial period in Spanish history: that of the intermediate Francoism, during the process of modernization which took place at the end of the 1950s. The investigation is based on live testimonies of schoolmistresses between the ages of 65 and 70. First, I will point out the antecedents of the profession of schoolmistress in Spain and show how circumstances made her role gradually and increasingly more important. Then I will reveal what kinds of opposition and obstacles schoolmistresses came up against and had to overcome in order to obtain professional equality with male colleagues. Finally, I will contextualize and interpret, in cultural terms, the attitudes, images and motivations, which turned out to be very symbolic, that arose during the interviews with these women. This article, which fills a large gap in research on this subject, concentrates on a very particular and decisive moment. It is my intention to invite the reader to reflect on a social phenomenon of great importance today: that of the feminization of teaching, which can be seen in most countries and whose influence can be observed, not only in a country´s educational system, but in the economic, political, religious and cultural spheres as well.
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Muñiz, Iris. "Reescribiendo Casa de muñecas como respuesta crítica a la desigualdad de las mujeres durante el franquismo." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v1i1.1487.
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A Doll’s House [Et Dukkehjem, 1879] is Henrik Ibsen’s best known and most widely performed play. In Spain, it was Ibsen’s first translated play, in 1892, and it has been translated, published, staged and rewritten multiple times since then. The objective of this article is to do a preliminary analysis of the reception of three stage rewritings by Ana Diosdado (1938-2015) and Lucía Miranda (1982- ) that have as a common element their Francoist references that were used to make the plot more relatable for the Spanish audience. Therefore this article studies how the reception and interpretation of A Doll’s House in contemporary Spain has been influenced by the self-perception of the backwardness of the country in relation to women’s emancipation during Francoism, which made the situation of women in that period comparable to that of Nora in 1870s Norway.
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Aguilar, Paloma, and Clara Ramírez-Barat. "Generational dynamics in Spain: Memory transmission of a turbulent past." Memory Studies 12, no. 2 (October 18, 2016): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698016673237.
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Despite the crucial transformations that Spain has experienced since Franco’s death, and in contrast with other countries that have democratized in recent decades, considerable reluctance remains toward implementing transitional justice measures. On the contrary, there is a tendency to hold on to a framework that combines the Amnesty Law of 1977 with partial reparations as the best guarantors of democratic stability. According to extant literature, generational change has played a fundamental role in the direction taken by recent initiatives dealing with the memory of Francoist repression, particularly since 2000. A small but very active part of the “grandchildren’s generation” has driven various initiatives that have influenced political and judicial agendas. We provide empirical evidence showing that while, in general terms, it would be true to say that third and fourth generations have been more supportive of the implementation of bolder memory policies, their contribution must nevertheless be subjected to careful nuancing.
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Zimbroianu, Cristina. "Evelyn Waugh’s War Novels in Francoist Spain." University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series 10, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/ubr.10.1.6.
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Evelyn Waugh’s experiences as captain in the Second World War represented the raw material for several novels, such as Put out More Flags (1942), Men at Arms (1952) and Brideshead Revisited (1945). These novels depict, on the one hand, the experiences of once immature bright young people who are now confronting the war reality, and, on the other, they satirize the military bureaucracy and portray the nostalgia for the conservative age of Catholic English nobility, which disappeared during the war. It could be assumed that these three novels might have been well received in Franco’s Spain as the Catholic theme as well as Waugh’s right-wing conservative beliefs could have influenced the censors’ approval or disapproval. Thus, the present paper will analyse the reception in Spain of Put out More Flags, Men at Arms and Brideshead Revisited considering the reports enclosed in the censorship files guarded at AGA (General Archive of the Administration) in Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. These documents reveal that Waugh’s novels were not easily approved by the Spanish censors during the Francoist dictatorship.
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Márquez Carrillo, Jesús. "La veta orteguiana y franquista en las leyes orgánicas de la Universidad de Puebla, México, 1937 y 1941." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.352.
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Having regard the political history of education and the cultural history of ideas, in this paper I propose to explain the way in which local power obtained political control from the University and and I also want to show the presence of Spanish conservative thought, following the ideas of José Ortega y Gasset and the Francoists about the «mission» of the University. For this, on the one hand I describe the configuration of the new Mexican State and in the regional political context, the political and cultural consolidation of the avilacamachista chiefdom. Then, in a second moment, I describe and analyze the organic laws of the University passed in 1937 and 1941 and their respective exhibitions of reasons. What interests me to emphasize in the conclusions is the permanence in the University of traditional cultural practices identified with conservative thinking, not only due to legislation that in 1941 was proposed to «copy» the Francoist university model, but also thanks to the predominance of a group of Catholic militants whose sympathies for Franco were evident and also because chiefdom was able to control and reduce the political influence of other groups. The article is based on interviews with survivors of the time, archival and printed sources and biblio-hemerographic references.
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Pełech, Tomasz. "Death on the altar: The rhetoric of 'otherness' in sources from the early period of the crusades." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 17, no. 1 (2021): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2021.1.4.
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The article poses a thesis that the chroniclers of the First Crusade were tapping into a preexisting literary tradition of religious conflict in the process of shaping an image of an enemy. It centres on an analysis of the symbolic significance of the particular description of a priest's death at the hands of the Turks on the altar during the celebration of mass found in several sources describing the massacre of Christians in Civetot during the First Crusade (Gesta Francorum, Tudebode's Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere, Baldric of Dol's Historiae Hierosolymitanae libri IV, Guibert of Nogent's Gesta Dei per Francos, Robert the Monk's Historia Hierosolymitana, and Oderic Vitalis' Historia ecclesiastica). The article argues that the presented description could be considered an example of a rhetorical strategy employed in the crusading accounts, used for the purpose of depicting the enemy as religious and cultural 'other'. Furthermore, the article discusses the intertextuality and the potential influence of ancient and scriptural motifs on the literary workshop of the chroniclers in their versions of the story.
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Campos, Ricardo. "Racism, Hispanidad and social hierarchy in medicalpsychiatric thought during early Francoism. The work by Misael Bañuelos (1936-1941)." Culture & History Digital Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): e006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.006.
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A range of discourse and racial proposals are analyzed and confronted in the article that were pursued from within Medicine and Psychiatry during early Francoism. In particular, Misael Bañuelo’s openly biologistic vision that was influenced by the racial theories put forward by Nazism are discussed. His confrontation with the racial conception sustained by followers of Hispanidad (Spanishness) and National Catholicism are analyzed, especially that with Vallejo Nágera.
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Llopis Mestre, Sara, and Gora Zaragoza Ninet. "Censura y traducción al español de la novela lésbica en inglés: el caso de Rubyfruit Jungle (1973)." TRANS. Revista de Traductología, no. 24 (December 22, 2020): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/trans.2020.v0i24.6813.
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This article analyses the only translation into Spanish of Rita Mae Brown's Rubyfruit Jungle (1973), translated in Spain by Jorge Binaghi in 1979. In order to do so, the study reviews lesbian narrative in English during the 20th century and the social and political factors that might have influenced its translation in Spain. An overview on Francoist literary censorship is followed by a discussion on how the Spanish literary market has received English lesbian novels and the case of Rubyfruit Jungle. Despite being one of the first lesbian novels published in democracy in Spain, the analysis suggests that the Francoist ideological paradigms are still perpetuated and have altered the translation.
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Russell, Roslin. "Meeting Review: Bioinformatics and Medicine – From Molecules to Humans, Virtual and Real." Comparative and Functional Genomics 3, no. 3 (2002): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.178.
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The Industrialization Workshop Series aims to promote and discuss integration, automation, simulation, quality, availability and standards in the high-throughput life sciences. The main issues addressed being the transformation of bioinformatics and bioinformaticsbased drug design into a robust discipline in industry, the government, research institutes and academia. The latest workshop emphasized the influence of the post-genomic era on medicine and healthcare with reference to advanced biological systems modeling and simulation, protein structure research, protein-protein interactions, metabolism and physiology. Speakers included Michael Ashburner, Kenneth Buetow, Francois Cambien, Cyrus Chothia, Jean Garnier, Francois Iris, Matthias Mann, Maya Natarajan, Peter Murray-Rust, Richard Mushlin, Barry Robson, David Rubin, Kosta Steliou, John Todd, Janet Thornton, Pim van der Eijk, Michael Vieth and Richard Ward.
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Pivovarov, G. O. "A NEW PICTURE OF THE WORLD AND THE CULTURE OF EVERYDAY LIFE. ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY, SECULARIZATION AND THE STATE OF POSTMODERNITY." Northern Archives and Expeditions 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2022-6-1-187-194.
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This article discusses the specifics of the relationship between the development of technology, the processes of secularization, and the principles of the Postmodern Condition. The influence of these relationships on the culture of everyday life is revealed. The study used the concepts of culture-forming ideals according to D.V. Pivovarov and the ideas from the "Research Program"of Lakatos. A historical analysis of the factors that influenced secularization was made. Common points of interaction between Peter Berger and Jean Francois Lyotard are found. The influence of the Protestant movements of the second half of the 20th century on the formation of cultural ideals is considered. The contribution of Dorothea Sölle, almost unknown in Russia, is indicated. Within the framework of the article, the concept of polyvariability of the Hard Core of modern culture is indicated. This article is relevant for people studying cultural studies, theology, psychology, sociology and philosophy.
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Pastor Beato, Néstor. "Los excombatientes entran en política. La creación de la Hermandad Nacional de Alféreces Provisionales (1955-1959) = The Veterans enter Politics. The Creation of the Hermandad Nacional de Alféreces Provisionales (1955-1959)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie V, Historia Contemporánea, no. 32 (June 23, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfv.32.2020.26902.
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El presente artículo es un fragmento del Trabajo Final de Máster que se defendió en septiembre de 2017, fue tutorizado por el profesor D. Gil Pecharromán en el marco del Máster de la España Contemporánea en el Contexto Internacional de la UNED. El trabajo consistió en una investigación sobre la importancia que tuvo la asociación de veteranos de guerra Hermandad de Alféreces Provisionales[1], cuya creación marcó la agenda política de la dictadura de finales de los años 50. Con el trabajo, resumido en el artículo, se pretendía lograr un triple objetivo: llenar el vacío historiográfico existente en referencia a la creación de la HAP, aportar documentación nueva que apoye o no la tesis dominante de que la HAP fue una creación del Ejército como altavoz político en la escena pública; y por último, la tesis inicial del trabajo era que la HAP surgió como una idea espontánea de un grupo de veteranos alféreces provisionales, y que únicamente cuando esa idea se convirtió en una asociación con millares de miembros, el Ejército intervino para mediatizarla.his article is a fragment of a bigger research about the origin and initally importance of a civil war veteran association called «Hermandad de Alféreces Provisionales», whose apparition was really important in Francoist politics of the fifties. The «Alféreces Provisionales» were the core of the Francois army during the Spanish Civil War, and later on they were formed an important lobby inside the dictatorship regime.With the thesis, summarized in this article, there were three objectives to achieve: fill the lack of knowledge about the creation of the «HAP», get new evidence to support or not the most accepted theory, that says that the «HAP» was a creation of the army as a way of getting more influence in politics; and finally, the initial theory of the thesis was that the «HAP» was an unplanned project of the veterans, and only when they became a successful association, the Army intervened to control them.[1] En adelante HAP.
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Al Tuma, Ali. "Franco's Moroccans." Contemporary European History 29, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000284.
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Recent research into the Moroccan troops who fought in the Spanish Civil War has both drawn from and contributed to insights gained from new historiographical developments in the field of the Spanish conflict as well as other European twentieth-century conflicts. Studies examining the experiences and choices of low-level participants of the war, whether soldiers or civilians – on both the Francoist and republican sides – have increasingly shown that they were players in possession of a certain degree of agency, however limited. That agency allowed these low-level players, whether Spanish or Moroccan, to influence war events to a higher degree than previously thought possible, and has shown that mobilisation for and maintenance of the war effort depended on a certain mixture of coercion and negotiation, even within the more authoritarian Francoist camp. In the European context, the Moroccan participation in the 1936–9 war has its special characteristics, one of which is that its military significance weighed heavier than other colonial contributions to European battlefields between 1914 and 1945, and therefore the agency of Moroccans was more consequential. Nevertheless, it has much in common with other European experiences. A recent collaborative volume on British, French, Spanish and Dutch colonial armies in the first half of the twentieth century, Colonial Soldiers in Europe (2016), edited by Eric Storm and myself, has helped put the Moroccan–Spanish experience in European perspective. Similarities abound, not only in colonial soldiers’ experiences of fighting in foreign lands, but also between the various Western European attempts at controlling, i.e. limiting, the cultural and human consequences of this massive irruption of male warriors into the continent.
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Ravina Ripoll, Rafael, and José Joaquín Rodríguez Moreno. "La gestión municipal de Cádiz durante la Segunda República Española y la Guerra Civil Española: las actuaciones del Alcalde republicano Manuel de la Pinta y el alcalde franquista Juan de Dios Molina (1932-1940)." Revista de Historia y Geografía, no. 31 (May 15, 2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07194145.31.382.
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ResumenLas biografías están volviendo a ser utilizadas actualmente como herramientas historiográficas para el estudio del pasado. A través del estudio de las biografías, ideología y actuaciones de un alcalde democrático y otro franquista de Cádiz, descubriremos cómo el gobierno público local se vio influido más porla ideología que por los proyectos políticos de cada uno de ellos.Palabras clave: Segunda República Española, Guerra Civil Española, Historial ocal, Cádiz. Cadiz city management during the Second Spanish Republic andthe Spanish Civil War: actions by the Republican Mayor Manuelde la Pinta and francoist Mayor Juan de Dios Molina (1932-1940)AbstractBiographies are currently used as historiographical tools for studying the past.Through the study of biographies, ideology and actions of a democratic mayorand a Francoist mayor from Cadiz we will discover how the local public administration was influenced more by ideology than by their own political projects.Keywords: Second Spanish Republic, Spanish Civil War, local history, Cadiz.
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Cárdenas, Luis, and Rafael Fernández. "Revisiting francoist developmentalism: The influence of wages in the Spanish growth model." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 52 (March 2020): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2019.09.003.
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Picot, Nicole. "Museum Libraries in France: Their Wealth and Their Influence." Art Libraries Journal 24, no. 4 (1999): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200019751.
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The following words preface Francoise Cachin’s introduction to Marie-Thérèse Cavignac’s Les bibliothèques des musées en Aquitaine: Richness and diversity! Reading this volume demonstrates how wide and varied is the subject matter of the museum libraries in the Aquitaine region, whether it be the library in the Bonnat Museum in Bayonne or in the national museum at the Château de Pau, those in museums specialising in the history of Aquitaine, the Pays Basque or the Périgord, or those in museums dealing with prehistory or contemporary art or seaplanes, the customs service or folk art.This description is just as valid for the rest of France. Considerable effort has been put into the modernisation of French museums during the last twenty years or so and their libraries have benefited from this renewal as well. I would like in this paper to describe some of the strengths of libraries and documentation centres in museums of art, and to try and define their role within their institutions and within the network of French art libraries.
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Zhang, Xu, and Tianjiao Wang. "Critical examination and source-tracing in China of economic thought of Francois Quesnay from the perspective of the construction of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics." China Political Economy 4, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-06-2021-0007.
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PurposeFrancois Quesnay, known as the “Confucius of Europe”, was profoundly influenced by traditional Chinese culture to form his thoughts, which contained strong Chinese characteristics. This paper aims to examine economic thought of Francois Quesnay from the perspective of the construction of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics.Design/methodology/approachMoreover, his thoughts also profoundly influenced subsequent economists, such as Adam Smith and Karl Marx. It can be said that Francois Quesnay was at the intersection of Chinese, Western and Marxist thought systems, so it is quite important to examine his thoughts critically and conduct source-tracing in China.FindingsHence, in the process of constructing and developing socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, there is an urgent need to focus on exploring the value of excellent traditional Chinese culture at the theoretical level and combining the development and dissemination of the history of thoughts and the historical position of Chinese reality to realize the innovation and development of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.Originality/valueMeanwhile, while absorbing nutrition from excellent traditional Chinese culture, it is necessary to establish scientific coordinates rather than use the discourse systems and paradigms of Western economics to interpret ancient Chinese economic thoughts. It is necessary to adhere to, inherit and develop Marxist political economy and absorb nutrition from Chinese excellent traditional culture to construct socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.
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Huang, Qiao. "Local pragmatics: Issues and reflection." Forum for Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (September 6, 2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/fls.v3i1.1254.
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Pragmatic effects triggered by embedded structure have caused problems to Grice’s Theory of Conversational Implicature. This long-standing view is challenged by local pragmatics proposed by Mandy Simons. As to the theoretical development, Robyn Carston, Francois Recanati, and Emma Borg respectively raise their comments, while Simons positively responds to these commentaries and further elaborates her stance. In this article, the argumentation among these scholars is presented first, and much attention is paid to the value and influence of the argumentation, which would shed light on the current debate between semantics and pragmatics.
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Perekhrest, A. "THE FIRST CRUSADERS’ PERCEPTİON OF ARABS – MUSLIMS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE AUTHOR OF “GESTA FRANCORUM”." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 147 (2020): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.147.10.
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The article examines the concept of the author of the chronicle “Gesta Francorum”, which describes the events of the first crusade, about the Arabs. The author of the article defined how Anonymous perceived Islam and how Christianity influenced his attitude towards Muslims. The study exposed the limited knowledge of the author of "Gesta Francorum" about the basics of Islam. The analysis revealed the low level of awareness of Anonymous about the difference between different peoples who professed Islam. Also, it was investigated towards which of them the author of "Gesta Francorum" had the most negative attitude. The author of the article determined Anonymous’s opinion on the military potential of the Arabs and the differences between the military tactics of the Muslim armies and the Crusaders. The Crusader's knowledge of the state and political system of the Middle East was clarified. Anonymous had some knowledge of political processes in the Middle East, but to describe the reality of the political life of Muslim states, he used Western terms, which in their content did not correspond to reality. The analysis revealed Anonymous's attitude to the rich, by the standards of medieval Western Europe, the standard of living in the Middle East. Moral characteristics that the author of "Gesta Francorum" gives to the Arabs were determined. Based on this information, the author of the article concluded that Anonymous perceived the Arabs through the prism of common in the Middle Ages ideas about Muslims, but he was able to notice other features that were not part of the established stereotype.
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Krelenko, Denis M. "Francoist Spain in the context of the Second World War: Deeds and intentions." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 22, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2022-22-1-71-81.
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The article is devoted to two peripheral problems of international relations on the eve and during the Second World War. At this time Spain was trying to solve its territorial problems in North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The author’s attention is focused on the activities of the caudillo F. Franco in solving these problems. Franco managed to strengthen the influence of Spain in Tangier, but was unable to return Gibraltar to his country.
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Kulikowski, C. A. "Historical Roots of International Biomedical and Health Informatics: The Road to IFIP-TC4 and IMIA through Cybernetic Medicine and the Elsinore Meetings." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 26, no. 01 (August 2017): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606531.
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Summary Background: It is 50 years since the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing under the leadership of Professor Francois Grémy, which was the direct precursor of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). Objectives: The goals of this paper are to give a very brief overview of early international developments leading to informatics in medicine, with the origins of the applications of computers to medicine in the USA and Europe, and two meetings - of the International Society of Cybernetic Medicine, and the Elsinore Meetings on Hospital Information Systems—that took place in 1966. These set the stage for the formation of IFIP-TC4 the following year, with later sponsorship of the first MEDINFO in 1974, setting the path for the evolution to IMIA. Methods: This paper reviews and analyzes some of the earliest research and publications, together with two critical contrasting meetings in 1966 involving international activities in what evolved into biomedical and health informatics in terms of their probable influence on the formation of IFIP-TC4. Conclusion: The formation of IFIP-TC 4 in 1967 by Francois Grémy arose out of his concerns for merging, at an international level, the diverse strands from the more abstract work on cybernetic medicine and its basis in biophysical and neural modeling, with the more concrete and health-oriented medical information processing that was developing at the time for hospitals and clinical decision-making.
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Kulikowski, C. A. "Historical Roots of International Biomedical and Health Informatics: The Road to IFIP-TC4 and IMIA through Cybernetic Medicine and the Elsinore Meetings." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 26, no. 01 (2017): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15265/iy-2017-001.
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Summary Background: It is 50 years since the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing under the leadership of Professor Francois Grémy, which was the direct precursor of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). Objectives: The goals of this paper are to give a very brief overview of early international developments leading to informatics in medicine, with the origins of the applications of computers to medicine in the USA and Europe, and two meetings - of the International Society of Cybernetic Medicine, and the Elsinore Meetings on Hospital Information Systems—that took place in 1966. These set the stage for the formation of IFIP-TC4 the following year, with later sponsorship of the first MEDINFO in 1974, setting the path for the evolution to IMIA. Methods: This paper reviews and analyzes some of the earliest research and publications, together with two critical contrasting meetings in 1966 involving international activities in what evolved into biomedical and health informatics in terms of their probable influence on the formation of IFIP-TC4. Conclusion: The formation of IFIP-TC 4 in 1967 by Francois Grémy arose out of his concerns for merging, at an international level, the diverse strands from the more abstract work on cybernetic medicine and its basis in biophysical and neural modeling, with the more concrete and health-oriented medical information processing that was developing at the time for hospitals and clinical decision-making.
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Novella, Enric J., and Ricardo Campos. "From mental hygiene to mental health: ideology, discourses and practices in Franco’s Spain (1939–75)." History of Psychiatry 28, no. 4 (July 21, 2017): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x17721820.
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Based on an analysis of the discourses, the ideological appropriation and the practical influence of mental hygiene in Spanish psychiatry during the early years of the Francoist regime, this article examines its decline and subsequent replacement by the new concept of mental health promoted by the World Health Organization and other international bodies from the mid-twentieth century. The old approach, essentially focused on the prophylaxis of insanity within the framework of a set of interventionist policies of social defence, was thus transformed from the beginning of the 1960s into a much more ambitious and comprehensive project which sought to promote the psychosocial balance and performance of individuals in the context of increasingly socialized health-related discourses and networks of care.
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Mulligan, Maureen. "The Representation of Francoist Spain by Two British Women Travel Writers." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2016-0017.
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Abstract This article offers a discussion of two books by British women which describe travels in Spain during the post-war period, that is, during the dictatorship of General Franco. The aim is to analyse how Spanish culture and society are represented in these texts, and to what extent the authors engage with questions of the ethics of travelling to Spain in this period. Two different forms of travel - by car, and by horse - also influence the way the travellers can connect with local people; and the individual’s interest in Spain as a historical site, or as a timeless escape from industrial northern Europe, similarly affect the focus of the accounts. The global politics of travel writing, and the distinction between colonial and cosmopolitan travel writers, are important elements in our understanding of the way a foreign culture is articulated for the home market. Women’s travel writing also has its own discursive history which we consider briefly. In conclusion, texts involve common discursive and linguistic strategies which have to negotiate the specificity of an individual’s travels in a particular time and place. The authors and books referred to are Rose Macaulay’s Fabled Shore: From the Pyrenees to Portugal (1949) and Penelope Chetwode’s Two Middle-Aged Ladies in Andalusia (1963).
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Amiruddin, Muhammad. "ILMU MENURUT NURCHOLISH MADJID DALAM PRESPEKTIF POSTMODERNISME JEAN FRANCOIS LYOTARD." Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam 3, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jaqfi.v3i2.9565.
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AbstractIt is a necessity that life is always developing and among its supports is science. That way, whether or not a civilization is good or not, it can be assessed how society views science and treats it. Today our world is entering what thinkers call postmodern, a century very different from before, so it cannot be denied or has influenced the rules of the game in various fields. Jean Francois Lyotard is one of the thinkers who talk about postmodern, especially his analysis of the field of science which has been organized differently by society today. Initially, science existed only as something to help human life, but in postmodern science it is now found that science is a tool of power with all interests and oppresses humanity; totalitarian and domination. That fact then, Lyotard attempted to transmit the concept to disrupt established science, by celebrating diversity. Islam really appreciates science, there is even a tendency that law is compulsory for Muslims. One of the Indonesian Islamic thinkers who in several of his writings discusses science is Nurcholish Madjid. Efforts to find out how Islam views science, feel the need to research it. Based on Lyotard's postmodern analysis tools, it is found that Islam can be a driving force for postmodern science or scientific performance.
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Sabaté, Oriol. "DO DEMOCRACIES SPEND LESS ON THE MILITARY? SPAIN AS A LONG-TERM CASE STUDY (1876-2009)." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 34, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 385–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610915000270.
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ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the influence of political regimes on the level and economic composition of military expenditure in Spain over the long run. In contrast with the widely accepted negative relation between democracy and military spending, the paper suggests that democratic governments established in the late 1970s and early 1980s after Franco’s dictatorship had a positive influence on the military burden owing to the efforts to reorient the army towards international threats and to involve the armed forces with the newly democratic institutions. In addition, the analysis of military expenditure allows us to conclude that the international orientation of democratic military policies took place along with financial efforts to obtain a capital-intensive army to confront international military threats.
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ALCALDE, ÁNGEL. "WARTIME AND POST-WAR RAPE IN FRANCO'S SPAIN." Historical Journal 64, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1060–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x20000643.
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AbstractBy examining the experience of rape in Spain in the 1930s and 1940s, this article explains how the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship dramatically increased the likelihood of women becoming victims of sexual assault. Contrary to what historians often assume, this phenomenon was not the result of rape being deliberately used as a ‘weapon of war’ or as a blunt method of political repression against women. The upsurge in sexual violence was a by-product of structural transformations in the wartime and dictatorial contexts, and it was the direct consequence, rather than the instrument, of the violent imposition of a fascist-inspired regime. Using archival evidence from numerous Spanish archives, the article historicizes rape in a wider cultural, legal, and social context and reveals the essential albeit ambiguous political nature of both wartime and post-war rape. The experience of rape was mostly shaped not by repression but structural factors such as ruralization and social hierarchization, demographic upheavals, exacerbation of violent masculinity models, the proliferation of weapons, and the influence of fascist and national-Catholic ideologies. Rape became an expression of the nature of power and social and gender relations in Franco's regime.
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Burns, Ian, and Henry Jacek. "Politics, Institutions, and Fiscal Policy: Deficits and Surpluses in Federated States." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 3 (September 2006): 713–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906359975.
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Politics, Institutions, and Fiscal Policy: Deficits and Surpluses in Federated States, Louis M. Imbeau and Francois Petry (editors), Studies in Public Policy; Toronto: Lexington Books, 2004, pp. 239.Despite the continual attention by the public, the media and politicians on governmental deficits, surpluses and governmental debt over the past decade, the political science literature in this area is sparse. When political scientists do venture into this area, they are unduly influenced by economic considerations rather than using political-institutional explanations. Happily this volume avoids the usual approaches and instead emphasizes political variables. In particular, the editors and authors highlight the importance of the proximity of elections, the ideology of the incumbent party, and the severity of established anti-deficit policies.
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Merkulova, M. G., and S. A. Gerasimova. "Literary Experiences of Encyclopedist of 18th Century: Jean-Francois Marmontel." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 8 (October 30, 2022): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-8-273-293.
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The article is devoted to identifying the features of the formation of Jean-Francois Marmontel as a writer, journalist and encyclopedist who made a significant contribution to the literary education of the French society. The relevance of the research topic is due to the study of the views of the scientist that influenced the reception of established and new literary genres of the 18th century. The research methodology is based on a narrative approach in the historiographical perspective, as well as a biographical (cultural-anthropocentric) method that reveals the writer's biography as a typical manifestation of the socio-cultural processes of the age of the Enlightenment. The use of these methods determined the novelty of the study, as it contributed to the consideration of the dynamics of the views of the French educator J.-F. Marmontel and the determination of the degree of his literary contribution to the development of new genres of the moralizing novel and the epic novel, as well as the French Encyclopedia (Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des metiers). It is proved that for J. F. Marmontel the task of the writer was to educate the reader through his introduction to “belle literacy” (belles lettres). The material of the study was the literary works of J. F. Marmontel in French and Russian: poetic works, moralizing stories, novels, including his articles on literature, published in the first edition of the Encyclopedia. An analysis of the content of the French writer's works shows that they are educational and critical in nature, since their author skillfully mastered many literary genres in practice.
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Rivadulla Costa, Diego. "As voces dos recordos: memoria oral, pasado traumático e novela na Galiza actual." Estudios Hispánicos 27 (January 29, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-2546.27.12.
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Voices of memories: Oral memory, traumatic past and the novel in contemporary GaliciaThe fictionalisation of the Spanish Civil War and Francoism in the Galician novel has experienced a significant evolution from a thematic and formal point of view. This evolution has been greatly influenced by the memory boom since the beginning of the 21st century, both in Galicia and the rest of Spain. Therefore, exploring the contemporary Galician narrative corpus requires an interdisciplinary approach to address not only the literary representations of history and memory, but also the functions acquired by those narratives in connection with the context as well as the cultural memory of the Galician people. This paper focuses on the relationship between memory and orality in some of these texts in order to analyse how oral memory emerges in the novel as a form of persistence of the past in current times. This oral memory becomes a key element in many of these narratives and faces a deliberate collective amnesia and the reluctance to remember, acting as a space for resistance that connects the past and present in the texts.
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Lázaro Lafuente, Luis Alberto. "Two Conflicting Irish Views of the Spanish Civil War." Oceánide 13 (February 9, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37668/oceanide.v13i.36.
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The Spanish Civil War sparked a heated debate in the recently created Irish Free State, as the Republic of Ireland was then called. A country that had also gone through an eleven-month civil war after the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 was again divided between those who supported the left-wing democratic Spanish Republican government and those who favoured Franco’s “crusade” against atheists and Marxists. In fact, some Irish volunteers joined the International Brigades to confront Fascism together with the Spanish Republican forces, while other more conservative Irish Catholics were mobilised to fight with Franco’s army against those Reds that the media claimed to be responsible for killing priests and burning churches. Both sections were highly influenced by the news, accounts and interpretations of the Spanish war that emerged at that time. Following Lluís Albert Chillón’s approach to the relations between journalism and literature (1999), this article aims to analyse the war reportages of two Irish writers who describe the Spanish Civil War from the two opposite sides: Peadar O’Donnell (1893–1986), a prominent Irish socialist activist and novelist who wrote Salud! An Irishman in Spain (1937), and Eoin O’Duffy (1892–1944), a soldier, anti-communist activist and police commissioner who raised the Irish Brigade to fight with Franco’s army and wrote The Crusade in Spain (1938). Both contributed to the dissemination of information and ideas about the Spanish conflict with their eyewitness accounts, and both raise interesting questions about the relations between fact, fiction and the truth, using similar narrative strategies and rhetorical devices to portray different versions of the same war.
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Hug, Ralph. "Swiss Consular Influence in the Aftermath of Franco's Victory: The Case of Carlos Brunner." Bulletin of Spanish Studies 91, no. 1-2 (January 24, 2014): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14753820.2013.868654.
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Kibbee, Douglas A. "John Palsgrave’s ‘Lesclaircissement De La Langue Francoyse’ (1530)." Historiographia Linguistica 12, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1985): 27–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.1-2.03kib.
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Summary John Palsgrave, an Englishman, wrote the first detailed grammar of the French language, Lesclaircissement de la langue francoyse (1530). This work is remarkable not only for its length but also for its quality. Palsgrave wrote a pedagogical text for his English readers, using a system which leads the learner from the development of passive skills (interpretation, both oral andintellectual, of written texts) to the development of active skills (expressing oneself in the target language). At the same time, he responded to the French Humanist desire to bring the vernacular languages under the control of ‘rules certayne’. In its grammatical method, Lesclaircissement exemplifies a stage in the development of Humanist grammar, as the Renaissance grammarians moved from a method based on forms to a more abstract representation of linguistic facts. As such, Palsgrave’s work stands half-way between the early Renaissance calques upon Donatus and the later excursions into logical grammar. In phonetics, Palsgrave’s attention to detail leads him to a clear recognition of the importance of nasal vowels in French (even if his articulatory description of the nasal vowels leaves something to be desired). In phonology, he aspires to a greater level of abstraction through his attempts to link liaison and elision phenomena to French phonotactics. In morpho-syntax, he uses the notion of perfection in language to provide an underlying structure in which the syntactic and the logical structure are explicit. He then explains how the languages in question ‘circumlocute’ to express the underlying structures. In this way, he prefigures the work of Meigret in French grammar. For all of his accomplishments, however, Palsgrave’s work had little influence on his successors. It had only one printing of 750 copies, and Palsgrave himself restricted the sales. Still, the work deserves our attention because of its wealth of detail and because of the method it uses.
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Scotton, Paolo. "Ortega y Gasset’s reception through political contingences." História da Historiografia: International Journal of Theory and History of Historiography 12, no. 31 (December 22, 2019): 177–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15848/hh.v12i31.1449.
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This article aims at analysing a particular case within Spanish historiography: how the writings, speeches and public activities of one of the greatest intellectuals of this country, the philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, were perceived, discussed and studied by Spanish historians and scholars from the beginning of his exile onwards. Its goal is exclusively that of exhibiting, through a single but very significant case, the strong interdependence between historiographical activity and socio-political environment, between historiographical interpretations and political credos, both in the course and because of the long and pervasive influence of Franco’s dictatorship in Spain.
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Weld, Kirsten. "The Other Door: Spain and the Guatemalan Counter-Revolution, 1944–54." Journal of Latin American Studies 51, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x18001128.
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AbstractThis article reveals the influence of the Spanish Civil War (1936–9) on both the reformers of Guatemala's ‘Revolutionary Spring’ (1944–54) and the reactionaries who overthrew Jacobo Arbenz in 1954. It shows how officials in the Arévalo and Arbenz administrations looked to the defeated Second Spanish Republic as a moral and political example, while local opponents of those administrations treated Spain's Nationalist insurgency and Francisco Franco's dictatorship as models for how to exterminate communism. In so doing, the article argues for the importance of multi-sited transnational Cold War histories that complement existing studies of US intervention.
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CARDESÍN, JOSÉ MARÍA. "City, housing and welfare in Spain, from the Civil War to present times." Urban History 43, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926815000437.
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ABSTRACT:This article presents some trends in the urban history of contemporary Spain. We analyse the forging of land, housing and urban planning policies set in the broader context of economic and welfare policy, and political development. We place an emphasis on endogenous causes, especially those associated with Franco's dictatorship and the transition towards democracy. However, we also evaluate the influence of exogenous factors, such as those implying the end of the Bretton Woods system and the reorientation towards neoliberalism. This should finally provide us with a deeper understanding of the historical roots underlying the recent real estate bubble.
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Sáánchez-Ron, Joséé M. "International relations in Spanish physics from 1900 to the Cold War." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 33, no. 1 (2002): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsps.2002.33.1.3.
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This paper studies the tactics developed in Spain to improve the country's scientific capacity over most of the 20th century. Early in the 20th century, Spain sought to raise its low scientific standing by establishing relations with foreign scientists. The tactics changed according to the political situation. The first part of the paper covers the period from 1900 to the Civil War (1936-39); the second examines consequences of the conflict for physical scientists in Spain; and the third analyzes the growth of physical sciences in Franco's Spain following the Civil War, a period in which the United States exerted special influence.
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MESSENGER, DAVID A. "Beyond War Crimes: Denazification, ‘Obnoxious’ Germans and US Policy in Franco's Spain after the Second World War." Contemporary European History 20, no. 4 (September 23, 2011): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000488.
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AbstractThis work links the western Allies’ policy of denazification in occupied Germany to efforts to repatriate German intelligence agents and Nazi Party officials – so-called ‘obnoxious’ Germans – from the neutral states of Europe after the Second World War. Once on German soil, these individuals would be subject to internment and investigation as outlined in occupation policy. Using the situation in Franco's Spain as a case study, the article argues that new ideas of neutrality following the war and a strong commitment to the concept of denazification led to the creation of the repatriation policy, especially within the United States. Repatriation was also a way to measure the extent to which Franco's Spain accepted the Allied victory and the defeat of Nazism and fascism. The US perception was that the continued presence of individual Nazis meant the continued influence of Nazism itself. Spain responded half-heartedly, at best. Despite the fact that in terms of numbers repatriated the policy was a failure, the Spanish example demonstrates that the attempted repatriation of ‘obnoxious’ Germans from neutral Europe, although overlooked, was significant not only as part of the immediate post-war settlement but also in its bearing on US ideas about Nazism, security and perceived collaboration of neutral states like Spain.
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Sielski, Jerzy. "Przywództwo w Unii Europejskiej." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 1 (June 19, 2018): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2013.18.1.7.
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The current financial crisis has significantly highlighted the issue of leadership in the European Union. The topic is both timely and worthy of analysis. The author tries to outline the theoretical approach to political leadership with regard to the current political scene in the European Union. A politician has to meet four criteria to be deemed a leader: his decisions are strategic, they exert permanent influence, he has a sufficient political background, and he has the highest position in a given political composition. The author makes the following hypothesis: on the basis of factor analysis (as regards the four factors above) only two current politicians are the true leaders of the EU, namely the Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel, and the President of France, Francois Hollande. Both politicians meet the four attributes presented gabove to at least the minimum degree, thus becoming (international) EU leaders. The paper also discusses the issue of distinguishing between an (international) statesman and (international) leader.
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Canales, Antonio Fco. "From soul to matter: the new Spanish Francoist pedagogy’s plunge into experimental pedagogy and the influence of Raymond Buyse." Paedagogica Historica 55, no. 3 (January 16, 2019): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2018.1560337.
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Swedberg, Richard. "Tocqueville in Sweden." Tocqueville Review 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.22.1.201.
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If a non-Swedish observer was asked to hazard a guess if Tocqueville had influenced Swedish political, cultural and intellectual life, she would probably answer that this would be quite unlikely, given the strong position of colleetivistic ideologies in this country.1 This answer is both correct and incorrect, as I shall try to show in this brief note which attempts to add to our knowledge of the reception of Tocqueville in Europe — a genre that was initiated by Francoisc Mélonio in Tocqueville et les Français in 1993. During the 19th century Tocqueville’s ideas were well known in political as well as cultural and intellectual circles in Sweden. During the 20th century, on the other hand, the interest more or less disappeared, although there exist some signs of a recent revival, set off by a new translation of De la démocratie en Amérique in 1997 (L’Ancien régime has never been translated into Swedish).
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MARTÍN GARCÍA, ÓSCAR J., and FRANCISCO J. RODRÍGUEZ JIMÉNEZ. "The Engaging Power of English-Language Promotion in Franco's Spain." Contemporary European History 24, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777315000235.
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AbstractThe United States' support for the Franco dictatorship, along with British dominion over Gibraltar, caused an increasing sense of frustration towards the United States and United Kingdom amongst broad sectors of the Spanish public during the 1960s and 1970s. Growing resentment towards the Anglo-American presence in Spain threatened to jeopardise the geopolitical objectives of these two governments given the strategic importance of the Iberian Peninsula in the Cold War. Both the Americans and the British identified the promotion of the English language as a cultural tool to develop empathy amongst those Spaniards who would drive forward the eventual transition to a post-Franco era. This ‘soft power’ strategy fit perfectly with the pro-modernisation efforts taking place in several parts of the world. English teaching did not serve as a magic potion, however. Cultural seduction was not a cure-all to right the wrongs inflicted by the Anglo-American geostrategic priorities. This article explores the benefits and limitations of English language promotion in Franco's Spain and reflects on the ability of ‘soft power’ to influence what was a rather hostile hard-power context.
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Pérez Baquero, Rafael. "Rethinking the Historiography of the Spanish Civil War: Multifarious approaches to a contested past." Historia Y Memoria, no. 25 (July 6, 2022): 275–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20275137.n25.2022.11552.
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This paper aims to delve into the underlying trends of the contemporary historiography of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).Under the guidance of historical accounts developed outside Spain before the end of the Francoist dictatorship (1939-1977), and during the transition to democracy (1977-1983), some Spanish historians strove to write a bias-free and fact-based depiction of the war and its aftermath. By relying on closereadings of historical documents, those historians assumed their methodology to be the most accurate when dealing with historical events that are so contested. However, recent shifts in the way this past has been remembered in Spain haveproduced a historiography endorsing new perspectives, which has also given rise to controversies among historians regarding the scope of and the assumptions underlying their work. To understand the currents of these debates, this paper echoes these groundbreaking approaches and attempts to illuminate how the influence of the social movement of «historical memory» has led Spanish historians to question their assumptions and endorse a more heterodox and interdisciplinary approach to engaging with the history of the Spanish Civil War.
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Escobedo Romero, Rafael. "La España franquista y la prensa católica estadounidense durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial." Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia 23, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51349/veg.2023.1.11.
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A través de las informaciones, editoriales y artículos de revistas como America o The Commonweal es posible conocer el estado de la opinión pública católica estadounidense con relación a la España franquista durante el complejo contexto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. La revista America defendió una postura bastante profranquista mientras que el enfoque de The Commonweal fue más crítico. Ambas publicaciones confiaron en que el catolicismo español sirviese de dique a la influencia nazi, así como que la Iglesia favoreciese en España un proceso de democratización que se preveía inexorable tras la derrota del Eje. The news, editorials and articles in magazines like America or The Commonweal can give insight into the public opinion of United States Catholics towards Francoist Spain during the complex context of World War II. America took a fairly pro-Franco stance, while The Commonweal’s approach was more critical. Both publications hoped that Spanish Catholicism would curb Nazi influence, while the Church would promote a process of democratization in Spain deemed unavoidable following the defeat of the Axis.
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Romero de Pablos, Ana. "Atomic Routes and Cultures for a New Narrative on Franco’s Regime." Culture & History Digital Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.005.
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A decision by two Spanish companies to start producing nuclear-based electrical energy was the beginning of a journey that led two Spanish engineers to the United States and Canada in 1957. They wanted to learn about the reactor technology that North American companies were developing, contact specialized consultants to explore possible consultancy services, and search out political, economic, and financial support to make their project viable. The trip’s travel log suggests that the route they set off on was decisive in convincing the dictatorship’s political, industrial, and economic powers of the importance of nuclear energy; this journey had a direct influence on subsequent construction of Spanish nuclear facilities and on the policies designed to manage it. In this article I suggest exploring this journey and its record to reflect on how nuclear energy participated in building a new narrative on the Franco regime, one that showed Spain as a modern, internationally-connected State capable of incorporating the latest atomic technologies.
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García Fernández, Mónica. "Representations of motherhood in late francoist Spain: From catholic discourses to early feminist critiques." Feminismo/s, no. 41 (January 2, 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2023.41.06.
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This article examines changes and continuities in the representations of motherhood at the end of Franco’s regime (c 1960-1975). Influenced by the approaches of the history of emotions, this study looks at the emotional prescriptions and norms associated with Catholic representations of motherhood and family, but also at the emotional counter-narratives of second-wave feminism in Spain. It draws on various sources, including popular and religious magazines, films, medical discourses, advice literature, illustrated books and feminist writings. The first section focuses on the most conservative depictions of motherhood at the time, those linked to Opus Dei, which praised the joys of prolific motherhood and resisted any change in social attitudes towards birth control. Modern in appearance, but very reactionary at heart, these publications intended for a popular readership disseminated an ideal of the self-sacrificing mother who never lost her smile or optimism despite the hardships of everyday life. The second section deals with a new type of advice literature for mothers aimed at disseminating the so-called painless childbirth method, which contained a conservative message about the role and emotions women should perform during labour. Thirdly, the article assesses the evolution of the most progressive Catholic discourse on motherhood and family in the 1960s and early 1970s in the context of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). Finally, it studies some early feminist writings from the end of the dictatorship. In opposition to the patriarchal narratives, these critiques drew attention to the various types of violence associated with the experience and institution of motherhood.
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Garrido Caballero, Magdalena. "CHILDHOOD AND EXILE. THE EXPERIENCES OF CHILDREN OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR IN THE SOVIET UNION AND MEXICO INFANCIA Y EXILIO." Latin-American Historical Almanac 32, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-32-1-184-194.
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The study focuses on the Spanish "children of war" who were evacuated to Mexico and the USSR during the Spanish Civil War between 1937 and 1938, and their experiences described in various sources. These are both memories and scholarly research, incorporating information col-lected through various research projects to study the perception of exiles of their experience. No less significant for this work is the material re-lated to the influence of the "children of war" on the societies that host them; this perspective is of particular relevance at the present stage. Both the USSR and Mexico supported the Second Republic both in the international arena and in the humanitarian direction. At the same time, the USSR accepted more children than Mexico and the living condi-tions of the exiles varied significantly. Life stories testify to the trau-mas associated with separation from families, both when moving to Mexico and the USSR, the difficulties of returning and reuniting with their relatives, the impact on the fate of Spanish children of the break that occurred in Spain after the defeat of the Republicans and the estab-lishment of the Francoist dictatorship.