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Journal articles on the topic 'Francoism – historiography'
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1
Wright, Stephanie. "Out of the Ordinary: Confronting Paradox in the Historiography of Francoism." Contemporary European History 30, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000478.
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On 19 November 1975 Francisco Franco lay dying in Madrid's La Paz hospital. Clutching the cloak of the Virgin del Pilar, and with the ill-gotten relic of St Teresa of Ávila's hand at his bedside, the ailing dictator would soon depart this existence following the withdrawal of life support. For Enrique Moradiellos in Franco: Anatomy of a Dictator, the juxtaposition of modernity and tradition within this deathbed scene was emblematic of the countless paradoxes which characterised the Francoist dictatorship in its later years. Since the dictator's death scholars have continued to grapple with such paradoxes, struggling over how best to define a regime which has come to occupy a notoriously contentious space within contemporary Spanish politics and society. Like a fairground hall of mirrors, historical representations of Francoism have been stretched or squashed by different analytical frames, shaped in many cases by the political and social legacies of the dictatorship. Despite dubious claims to ‘objectivity’, the regime's apologists depict Francoism as a stabilising antidote to the ‘chaos’ of republicanism, conveniently overlooking the destruction and misery which followed the coup of 18 July 1936. Meanwhile, those who seek justice for the regime's victims continue to emphasise the repressive nature of the dictatorship. Though an important component of Francoism's modus operandi, repression does not, by itself, help us to fully understand Francoism's long-term survival or the consent it secured from millions of ordinary Spaniards. The titles under review reflect an increasing willingness to confront Francoism's many contradictions head-on, and to regard the paradoxical nature of the regime not as a conceptual knot to be disentangled, but as a historiographical problem in itself. Historians exploring the experiences of ‘ordinary’ people have proved particularly adept at addressing such complexities, as have scholars adopting comparative or transnational frameworks which reach beyond traditional emphasis on fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The titles surveyed in this article offer a snapshot of recent developments in the field, while signposting potential avenues through which historians of Francoism might contribute to broader discussions within the historiography of modern Europe.
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McFarland, Andrew. "Spanish Sport and the Challenges of Its Recent Historiography." Journal of Sport History 38, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.38.2.211.
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Abstract This article strives to bring together the diverse strands of literature on the role and development of sport in Spain to provide a resource for future scholars. The first section briefly surveys the history of Spanish sport over the course of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including bullfighting because of its symbolic importance. The middle section focuses on the historiography of sport and especially bullfighting, football, and the Olympics. The largest amount of work has considered the role of sport in Francoism, national and regional identities, gender roles, and the media. Finally, the article concludes by noting that the field suffers from a lack of cohesion among its scholars and too much focus on football, Madrid, and Barcelona; it also needs to ground itself more effectively in the larger historical narrative. Though weaknesses now, these also provide clear directions for future contributions.
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Vincent, Mary. "Nation and State in Twentieth-Century Spain." Contemporary European History 8, no. 3 (November 1999): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777399003094.
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Pamela Beth Radcliff, From Mobilisation to Civil War: The Politics of Polarisation in the Spanish City of Gijón, 1900–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 354 pp., £40, ISBN 0–521–56213–9.Carolyn Boyd, Historia Patria: Politics, History, and National Identity in Spain, 1875–1975 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 358 pp., $49.50, £35.00, ISBN 0–691–02656–4.Sebastian Balfour, The End of the Spanish Empire 1898–1923 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), 269 pp., £35.00, ISBN 0–198–20507–4.Clare Mar-Molinero and Angel Smith, eds., Nationalism and the Nation in the Iberian Peninsula: Competing and Conflicting Identities (Oxford/Washington, DC: Berg, 1996), 281 pp., £34.95, pb £14.95, ISBN 1–859–73175–9.Michael Richards, A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 314 pp., £40.00, $59.95, ISBN 0–521–59401–4.Gerald Howson, Arms for Spain: the Untold Story of the Spanish Civil War (London: John Murray, 1998), 354 pp., £25, ISBN 0–719–55556–6.During the long years of Francoism, Spanish historiography was dominated by a search for explanation. Against the regime's triumphalist account of the ‘essential’ Spain – resurgent in the form of the victorious general's authoritarian, confessional state – exiled intellectuals such as Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz and Américo Castro posed questions about the ‘problem’ of Spain, looking to the country's past to explain the political violence of the present. For those who won the Civil War of 1936–39, Spain's national destiny was to remain true to the imperial, Catholic legacy of the Habsburg monarchy. Eschewing modern ‘decadence’ and the false paths of secularism and democracy, Spain was to remain, according to Franco, the ‘spiritual reserve of the west’. Such a vision of history, in Mike Richards's words, ‘appropriated time itself in acknowledging no distinctions between past, present and future’ (Mar-Molinero and Smith, p. 152). To Francoist ideologues, both history and the nation were understood in terms of providential destiny: once understood, the national destiny would prove immutable.
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Moreno Resano, Esteban. "Aproximaciones historiográficas al emperador Constantino en España durante el franquismo." REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto) 28 (May 18, 2018): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2018.4220.
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Resumen: Como todo sistema de gobierno de sesgo totalitario, el franquismo recurrió a la historia para justificar su existencia y forma. El emperador Constantino fue uno de los personajes a los que presto atención, por su doble condición de príncipe victorioso en la guerra y varón piadoso. La imagen de Constantino evoluciono con la sucesión de las llamadas familias del régimen. Así, Eduardo Aunós trazó una semblanza del emperador acorde con los ideales del falangismo en 1940. El auge del nacionalcatolicismo propicio la elaboración de nuevos retratos de Constantino. Dentro de este movimiento, el trabajo más comprometido con la ideología oficial fue el publicado por Ramón Sarabia en 1951. Finalmente, la llegada de la tecnocracia propicio la realización de estudios puramente académicos, como Censura en el mundo antiguo, de Luis Gil Fernández, de 1960.Palabras clave: Constantino, España, franquismo, historiografía.Abstract: As with all movements leaning toward totalitarianism, Francoism too relied on history to justify its existence and form, focusing attention on, inter alia, Constantine the Great, given his doublé condition of victorious prince at war and pious man. Constantine’s image evolved with the succession of the so-called ‘families’ of the Franco regime. Thus, Eduardo Aunós sketched the emperor’s outline according to the ideals of Falangism in 1940. The growth of National-Catholicism further favoured the elaboration of new images of Constantine, and the most committed work under this movement was by Ramón Sarabia (1951). Finally, with the arrival of technocracy, purely academic studies assumed the mantle, such as Luis Gil Fernández’s Censure in the Ancient World (1960).Key words: Constantine, Spain, Franquism, historiography.
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Mombell, Nicole. "Teaching Representations of Resistance and Repression in Popular Spanish Film." Image and Storytelling: New Approaches to Hispanic Cinema and Literature 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/uo/peripherica.1.2.8.
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This essay presents a brief analysis of three popular Spanish films released between 2001 and 2012 that are set in the immediate post Civil War period and first decades of the Franco dictatorship. Specifically, it considers three films which aim to reconstruct and represent the experience of the men, women, and children who fought Francoism or who endured repression after the end of the Spanish Civil War: Silencio roto (Armendáriz 2001), El laberinto del fauno (Del Toro 2004), and 30 años de oscuridad (Martín 2012). This essay explores the way in which tropes of politics, history, resistance, and repression are represented in each film, and how filmmakers using popular cinematic forms have appropriated the Spanish Civil War and Franco period settings to comment on contemporary political and social issues in Spain. Most of the recent Spanish cinematic productions (fictional and documentary) that depict the Spanish Civil War and Franco period have focused on the moral vindication of the vanquished. The three films considered here aim to reconstruct the particular experience or memories of the Spanish maquis and topos, and the civilians who supported them in their struggles. Each of the films discussed has sought to play a role in the recasting of collective identity in Spain, and affords important insights into the social processes and experiences of the time in which they were created. In a world where the visual immediacy of cinematic images increasingly works to displace traditional historiography, these representations have become ever more important and merit discussion. This essay takes into account that these cinematic representations are subjective and mediated depictions of events, participants, and circumstances of the Civil War and Franco period, and suggests pedagogical approaches to discussing each film in order to enable students (and other viewers) to grasp how to distinguish between history and the historicizing effect of its representations.
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Kressel, Daniel G. "The “Argentine Franco”?: The Regime of Juan Carlos Onganía and Its Ideological Dialogue with Francoist Spain (1966–1970)." Americas 78, no. 1 (January 2021): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.106.
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AbstractThe article examines the ideological character of Juan Carlos Onganía's dictatorship by exploring its ties and dialogue with Francisco Franco's Spain. Known as the “Argentine Revolution,” Onganía's regime (1966-70) was, the article shows, one of the first Cold War Latin American dictatorship to overtly use Francoist ideology as its point of reference. While building on the conventional wisdom that the legacies of the Spanish Civil War informed right-wing thought in Latin America, the study then shifts its focus to Spain's 1960s “economic miracle” and technocratic state model, observing them as a prominent discursive toolkit for authoritarian Argentine intellectuals. Drawing on newly discovered correspondence and archival sources, the article first excavates the intellectual networks operating between Franco's Spain and the Argentine right during the 1950s and 1960s. Once handpicked by Onganía to design his regime, these Argentine Franco-sympathizers were to decide the character of the Argentine Revolution. Second, the article sheds light on the intimate collaboration between the two dictatorships, and further explores the reasons for Onganía's downfall. In doing so, the study adds to a burgeoning historiographic field that underscores the significance of the Francoist dictatorship in the Latin American right-wing imaginary.
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Roldán-Figueroa, Rady. "Religious nationalism, racism, and raza hispánica (“Hispanic race”) in Constantino Bayle’s, S.J. (1882–1953) missiology (A publication history approach)." Critical Research on Religion 10, no. 1 (April 2022): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503032221075378.
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This article focuses on the career of the Jesuit priest, Constantino Bayle, as a historian of Spanish Catholic missions and promoter of state-sponsored arrangements that institutionalized nationalist religious historiography. He encoded religious nationalism and racist categories in academic discourse and terminology, elevating in this way racist assumptions and renewed imperialist aspirations to the level of official historiography. The article traces Bayle’s early career as an Americanista at the Spanish Catholic periodical, Razón y Fe. Bayle was an ardent supporter of Francisco Franco’s military uprising of 1936. He was an apologist for Falange Española who defended its Catholic character. Alongside other Jesuits, he was responsible for forging a Spanish school of missiology that was predicated upon the tenets of Spanish national Catholicism and that was meant to rival analogous Protestant and Roman Catholic historiographic projects. Central to this culturalist endeavor were the notions of Hispanidad and Raza Hispanica.
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Anderson, Peter. "British Government Maritime Evacuations in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939." War in History 26, no. 1 (October 3, 2017): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344517691320.
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The Spanish Civil War represents the most important and brutal conflict between the two world wars. This brutality makes humanitarian efforts to alleviate suffering important, but we have much to learn about British government-backed maritime rescue efforts of adults at risk from violence behind the lines. This article provides a history of these efforts which corrects the neglect of the Francoist repression in the historiography of British diplomatic responses to the Civil War and questions the argument that UK front-line diplomats acted according to a sense of fair play. It also demonstrates the importance Francoist indifference to humanitarian initiatives.
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Gaspar Celaya, Diego. "Fascisme, historiographie et Résistance: entretien avec Robert O. Paxton / Fascism, Historiography and Resistance: Interview with Robert O. Paxton." Historiografías, no. 4 (January 7, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_historiografias/hrht.201242483.
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Professor Robert O. Paxton is one of the greatest historians who has most reflected on France, fascism and Europe during World War II. His research has changed the historical understanding of France’s Vichy régime, as he used exceptional empirical evidence to demonstrate that Vichy was a voluntary program, at least at first, more than one forced on France by German pressure. In this interview he is asked about some burning issues concerning fascism historiography today, the Spanish case, and also his personal point of view about the relationship between history and memory about World Word II in France. This gives him cause to review topics such as historiography, present tendencies in fascism studies, the specificities of Franco’s régime and the dominant post war memories in France.Key wordsFascism, memory, Resistance, francoism.AbstractLe Professeur Robert O. Paxton est l’un des plus grands historiens qui ait réfléchi sur la France, le fascisme et l’Europe pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ses recherches ont changé la compréhension de l'histoire du régime de Vichy en France. Il a notamment démontre que Vichy était un programme volontaire, au moins au début, plutôt qu’une contrainte sous la pression allemande. Dans cette interview, il est interrogé à propos de questions brûlantes qui concernent l'historiographie du fascisme aujourd'hui, le développement du fascisme en Espagne, et aussi son point de vue personnel sur la relation entre histoire et mémoire de la seconde Guerre mondiale en France. Cette type de question a permis à monsieur Paxton d'examiner des thèmes tels que les tendances actuelles de l’historiographie sur le fascisme, les spécificités du régime de Franco et les souvenirs et mémoires qui dominent l'après-guerre en France par rapport à la période de Vichy et à la Résistance.Mots clé.Fascisme, mémoire, Résistance, franquisme.
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Fernández Soria, Juan Manuel, and Diego Sevilla Merino. "Introducción: a los 50 años de la Ley General de Educación de 1970." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 14 (May 26, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.14.2021.30313.
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The commemorative opportunity is only a circumstance that prompts to investigate the General Education Act (LGE) of 1970 fifty years after its approval. Another more essential reason invites its study: to investigate with new analyzes and new perspectives on what the LGE meant for the modernization of the country and for the transition between Franco's education and constitutional education. This requires examining the precedents of the 1970 Law and paying attention to the place that the LGE has occupied in educational historiography, in which an evolution towards current historiographic trends is visible. In these highlights the study of international influences in the process of educational modernization, the different iconographic discourses with which the LGE is represented, the protagonism of some of its traditional actors, the rereading of timeless themes present in the Law, and the debates that this generates in the collective memory. These questions are addressed here from the historian's workshop, which are enriched on this occasion with testimonies of individual memories, protagonists in the gestation, development and application of the 1970 Law.
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Goikoetxea Pérez, Ander. "Garaituen bizipenen berreraiketa Armendarizen Silencio roto filmean." ZER - Revista de Estudios de Comunicación 26, no. 50 (May 29, 2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/zer.21867.
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LaburpenaAzken hamarkadetan, zinema iraganeko dokumentu bihurtu da testu idatzian eta dokumentu ofizialetan jasotako informazioa osatzeko iturri gisa. Baina XX. mendean eztabaida luzeak izan dira gai honen inguruan, zineak eta historiografiak mesfidantzaz begiratzen bait zioten elkarri. Gaur egun, ordea, autore gehienak ados daude zinema iraganeko dokumentua dela esatean. Zentzu horretan, iraganean girotutako film bati ezin zaio exijitu erabat zehatza eta egiazkoa izatea, baizik eta beti egiazkoa izatea. Silencio rotoren bidez, Armendarizek makiaren borroka antifaxista gogoratzen du. Lan honetan aipatutako filmaren eraikuntza narratiboaren hiru elementu nagusiak (pertsonaia, akzioa eta gatazka) identifikatuz eta aztertuz makiaren irudikapena aztertu nahi da. Beste autore batzuek Silencio roto filma aztertu dutela jakinda, lan honek ikuspegi berri batetik heldu nahi dio gaiari, aurreko ikerketen osagarri gisa: zuzendariak 40ko hamarkadako gerrillaren testuinguruan islatu dituen emakume garaituen bizipen basatiak.Gako-hitzak: fikzioa; frankismoa; oroimen historikoa; ikus-entzunezko narratiba; indarkeriaResumenEn las últimas décadas el cine se ha convertido en un documento del pasado como fuente para completar la información contenida en el texto escrito y en los documentos oficiales. No obstante, desde el siglo XX se han producido largas discusiones sobre este tema, ya que el cine y la historiografía se miraban desconfiadamente. En la actualidad, sin embargo, la mayoría de los autores coinciden en que el cine es un documento del pasado. En este sentido, a una película ambientada en el pasado no se le puede pedir que sea absolutamente exacta y veraz, sino que sea siempre sincera. Con Silencio roto, Armendáriz recuerda la lucha antifascista del maqui. En este trabajo se pretende analizar la representación del maqui mediante la identificación y análisis de los tres elementos principales de la construcción narrativa de la película: personajes, acción y conflicto. Sabiendo que otros autores han estudiado dicha película, este trabajo pretende abordar el tema desde una nueva perspectiva como complemento a investigaciones anteriores: las vivencias brutales de las vencidas que el director ha reflejado en el contexto de la guerrilla de los años 40.Palabras-clave: ficción; franquismo; memoria histórica; narrativa audiovisual; violenciaAbstractIn recent decades, cinema has become a document of the past as a source to complete the information contained in the written text and official documents. But since the twentieth century there have been long discussions on this subject, since the cinema and historiography were looked distrustfully. At present, however, most of the authors agree that cinema is a document of the past. In this sense, a film set in the past cannot be asked to be absolutely accurate and truthful, but is always sincere. With Silencio roto, Armendáriz recalls the antifascist struggle of the machine. This paper aims to analyze the representation of the machine by identifying and analyzing the three main elements of the narrative construction of the reference film: characters, action and conflict. Knowing that other authors have studied this film, this paper aims to address the subject from a new perspective, as a complement to previous research. Thus, the director has retaken the question of the guerrilla of the 40's, taking into account the brutal experiences of the defeated.Keywords: fiction; Francoism; historical memory; audiovisual narrative; violence
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Blavatskyy, Serhiy. "Penser L’Histoire des Médias. Review." Obraz 33, no. 1 (2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2020.1(33)-94-97.
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Penser l’histoire des Medias is the title of the latest co-authored (collective) monograph under the direction of Claire Blandin, Emmanuelle Fantin, Francois Robinet and Valerie Schafer. It is devoted to the study of media history in the West, specifically, «the historiographic and academic path it went through, but also its actuality and its perspectives».
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Linehan, Peter. "The Court Historiographer of Francoism?: La leyenda oscura of Ramón Menéndez Pidal." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 73, no. 4 (October 1996): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000749096760149792.
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Pérez Baquero, Rafael. "Witnessing Catastrophe." Studia Phaenomenologica 21 (2021): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studphaen2021219.
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This paper explores the contemporary phenomenological and psychoanalytical analyses of testimonies regarding traumatic historical events, with special attention to how such testimonies pose new challenges for the historiography of historical events in which witnesses participated. By exploring discussions on the memory of the Holocaust as well as the Spanish Civil War and Francoist repression, this paper addresses the extent to which the tensions and temporalities underlying the process of bearing witness to and giving testimony about traumatic historical events might reshape how their history is being told, written, and remembered.
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Bühner, Julia. "Histories Hidden in the Shadow: Vitoria and the International Ostracism of Francoist Spain." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 22, no. 2-3 (October 21, 2020): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340157.
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Abstract In recent years, interest in the historiography on the Dominican friar Francisco de Vitoria (1483–1546) has increased. Besides contributing to the current methodological discussions about the benefits of writing history of international law in context, the article focuses on the articles of a Spanish yearbook published by the Asociación Francisco de Vitoria and its political implications during the era of international ostracism of the Francoist regime. The authors, conception and composition of the yearbook are considered as well as the way in which the articles present and misuse the Dominican friar for propagandistic purposes.
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Vodopivec, Peter. "O zgodovinopisju o španski državljanski vojni." Contributions to Contemporary History 56, no. 1 (May 25, 2016): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51663/pnz.56.1.01.
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ON HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WARThe author discusses the main trends in the research of Spanish civil war since early 1960s, when the first critical distance-based analyses were carried out by British, American, French and Spanish researchers. The paper reflects on works and interpretations by Hugh Thomas, Paul Preston, Stanley Peyne, Gabriel Jackson, Pierre Broué and Émile Témime, while briefly mentioning the books and views of Burnett Bolloten, Walther Bernecker, Ronald Radosh, Herbert Southworth, Helen Graham, E.H. Carr and Noam Chomsky. Furthermore, the author presents the development of the Spanish civil war historiography in Spain after Franco’s death, focusing mostly on works and assessments by Ángel Martin Viñas, Santos D. Juliá, Albert Reig Tapia, and Enrique Moradiellos.
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Eiroa San Francisco, Matilde. "Primary sources for a digital-born history: the Hispanic blogosphere on the Spanish Civil War and Franco’s regime." Culture & History Digital Journal 7, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.016.
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The digital environment has enabled the creation of new genres and formats that give birth to an array of digital-born sources at the disposal of historians. The traditional digitised sources that refer us to conventional archives are now joined by a series of on-line resources with valuable information on the history and culture of today’s world, which should not be ignored by the historiography focused on studying the recent past as well as historiography aiming to analyse the dialogues between past and present. In this document, we have chosen one of those sources, blogs, and we propose methodological guidelines for their analysis. Moreover, a specific analysis is proposed on blogs related to the history and memory of the Spanish Civil War and Franco’s regime.
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González Cuevas, Pedro Carlos. "About history and politics: Ricardo de la Cierva and Franco's historiography." Alcores: Revista de Historia Contemporánea, no. 22 (July 1, 2024): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.69791/rahc.57.
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A partir de los años sesenta del pasado siglo, tuvo lugar en España una auténtica revolución historiográfica a nivel metodológico y temático. En ese proceso, hay que tener igualmente en cuenta la influencia de los hispanistas, particularmente británicos, franceses y norteamericanos. La obra de los nuevos historiadores cuestionaba ampliamente la narración oficial del régimen de Franco en torno a la historia de España y, sobre todo, de la guerra civil. La producción historiográfica de Ricardo de la Cierva y de Hoces (1926- 2015) fue una reacción a dicho proceso y tuvo como objetivo la renovación y defensa de los fundamentos de la interpretación franquista de la historia contemporánea de España.
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Florensa, Clara, and Agustí Nieto-Galan. "Introduction: Science popularization, dictatorships, and democracies." History of Science 60, no. 3 (August 29, 2022): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00732753221091029.
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The study of science popularization in dictatorships, such as Franco’s regime, offers a useful window through which to review definitions of controversial categories such as “popular science” and the “public sphere.” It also adds a new analytical perspective to the historiography of dictatorships and their totalitarian nature. Moreover, studying science popularization in these regimes provides new tools for a critical analysis of key contemporary concepts such as nationalism, internationalism, democracy, and technocracy.
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Pérez Baquero, Rafael. "Rethinking the Historiography of the Spanish Civil War: Multifarious approaches to a contested past." Historia Y Memoria, no. 25 (July 6, 2022): 275–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20275137.n25.2022.11552.
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This paper aims to delve into the underlying trends of the contemporary historiography of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).Under the guidance of historical accounts developed outside Spain before the end of the Francoist dictatorship (1939-1977), and during the transition to democracy (1977-1983), some Spanish historians strove to write a bias-free and fact-based depiction of the war and its aftermath. By relying on closereadings of historical documents, those historians assumed their methodology to be the most accurate when dealing with historical events that are so contested. However, recent shifts in the way this past has been remembered in Spain haveproduced a historiography endorsing new perspectives, which has also given rise to controversies among historians regarding the scope of and the assumptions underlying their work. To understand the currents of these debates, this paper echoes these groundbreaking approaches and attempts to illuminate how the influence of the social movement of «historical memory» has led Spanish historians to question their assumptions and endorse a more heterodox and interdisciplinary approach to engaging with the history of the Spanish Civil War.
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Scotton, Paolo. "Ortega y Gasset’s reception through political contingences." História da Historiografia: International Journal of Theory and History of Historiography 12, no. 31 (December 22, 2019): 177–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15848/hh.v12i31.1449.
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This article aims at analysing a particular case within Spanish historiography: how the writings, speeches and public activities of one of the greatest intellectuals of this country, the philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, were perceived, discussed and studied by Spanish historians and scholars from the beginning of his exile onwards. Its goal is exclusively that of exhibiting, through a single but very significant case, the strong interdependence between historiographical activity and socio-political environment, between historiographical interpretations and political credos, both in the course and because of the long and pervasive influence of Franco’s dictatorship in Spain.
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Sánchez León, Pablo. "The Study of Nation and Patria as Communities of Identity: Theory, Historiography, and Methodology from the Spanish Case." Genealogy 4, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4010023.
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This article argues for a renovation in the study of nationalism by addressing the issue of the rationality underlying the decisions by citizens willing to leave their homelands. From the example of unforced exiles from the 1939 Republican diaspora (and inner exiles as well), the text starts with providing a theory of disidentification from a nation for the sake of civic commitment. Having shown the relevance of jointly studying the language of nation and patria, it focuses on Spanish post-Francoist historiography of the Early modern period for showing its unbalanced account of discourse revolving around patria in favor of that of nation. Thereafter, it provides a comparative overview of the scholarly interest in patriotism in modern history as depending on different national trajectories of political culture. Finally, it claims a methodological reorientation in the study of nationalism and patriotism by distinguishing between nation and patria as terms, as concepts, and as analytical categories defining distinctive collective identities.
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Glover, Eric M. "‘Anyone can whistle’ Sondheim: The intellectual autobiography of a Sondheim studies scholar." Studies in Musical Theatre 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/smt_00136_1.
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This piece of autoethnographic writing analyses its author’s coming of age as a scholar and connects anecdotes to the history of Black actors in Sondheim’s musicals. From Reri Grist and Elizabeth Taylor in West Side Story (Winter Garden Theatre, New York City, 1957) to Francois Batiste, Adante Carter and Amber Gray in Here We Are (The Shed, New York City, 2023), Black actors co-create Sondheim’s musicals on and off official theatrical stages even as Sondheim studies as a field erases their labour. By building on Brent Staples’s experience of racism and Claude M. Steele’s theory of stereotype threat, the offensive mechanisms visited on Black men and boys are considered alongside Sondheim’s notable works throughout. Attention is also paid to what musical theatre studies scholars can learn about epistemology and historiography from Black people’s experiential knowledge and lived experience.
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Navarro Ramírez, Sergio. "El mito del monarca de dos caras: metapoesía e historia en Luis Cernuda." Hispanic Review 91, no. 3 (June 2023): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hir.2023.a903837.
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RESUMEN: A menudo, los monólogos dramáticos de Luis Cernuda difieren de otros usos más ortodoxos del género al no crear la suficiente distancia entre la máscara y la voz. En “Silla del rey” elige como personaje al monarca español Felipe II. La representación del rey no es perfecta, y el autor rompe a veces la máscara de Felipe II para enseñar su propio rostro a través de la introducción de comentarios metapoéticos más propios de un escritor que de un rey. Además, este personaje es un paradójico correlato de Cernuda, puesto que el rey y El Escorial eran reconocidos símbolos de la retórica franquista. En este ensayo, ayudándome de las teorías críticas de Edward Said y Hayden White, analizo “Silla del rey” y la presencia meta-poética e irónica de Cernuda en el poema para desvelar las estrategias retóricas con las que critica el discurso historiográfico franquista. Abstract (Lang: English): Luis Cernuda designs his own version of the dramatic monologue, since he does not create enough distance between his characters and his own voice. In “Silla del rey,” Cernuda chooses as a character King Philip II, who meditates in the poem on the construction of El Escorial. This representation is not perfect, and Cernuda breaks the mask of Felipe II to show his own skin, usually by expressing metapoetic musings more akin to the author than to the king. Furthermore, this character seems a paradoxical correlate to Cernuda, since the king and El Escorial were well-known symbols of an essentialist rhetoric with which Francoist historiography told Spanish history. In this essay, I read “Silla del rey” and analyze the metapoetic presence of Cernuda in Felipe II as a rhetorical strategy to undermine Francoist historiographical discourse.
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Muxí, Zaida, and Daniela Arias Laurino. "Filling History, Consolidating the Origins. The First Female Architects of the Barcelona School of Architecture (1964–1975)." Arts 9, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010029.
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After Francisco Franco’s death, the process of democratisation of public institutions was a key factor in the evolution of the architectural profession in Spain. The approval of the creation of neighbourhood associations, the first municipal governments, and the modernisation of Spanish universities are some examples of this. Moreover, feminist and environmental activism from some parts of Spanish society was relevant for socio-political change that affected women in particular. The last decade of Franco’s Regime coincided with the first generation of women that graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB). From 1964 to 1975, 73 female students graduated as architects—the first one was Margarita Brender Rubira (1919–2000) who validated her degree obtained in Romania in 1962. Some of these women became pioneers in different fields of the architectural profession, such as Roser Amador in architectural design, Alrun Jimeno in building technologies, Anna Bofill in urban design and planning, Rosa Barba in landscape architecture or Pascuala Campos in architectural design, and teaching with gender perspective. This article presents the contributions of these women to the architecture profession in relation to these socio-political advances. It also seeks—through the life stories, personal experiences, and personal visions on professional practice—to highlight those ‘other stories’ that have been left out of the hegemonic historiography of Spanish architecture.
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Temirbekova, M. Y., A. Ventsel, and A. Zh Myrzakhmetova. "Visual history and semiotics." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 112, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph4/149-158.
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This paper investigates the reflection of “visual turn”in semiotic research, the relationship between visual history and semiotics. The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between visual history and semiotics and to reflect this relationship in scholarly research. The English-language works of such famous researchers and cultural theorists as Ferdinand de Saussure, Michel Foucault, Algirdas Julius Greimas, Jean Francois Lyotard, Jacques Lacan, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jacques Derrida Jacques Derrida, Umberto Eco, Mi-chael Halliday, Charles Peirce, Noam Chomsky, and others were analyzed in this paper. History does not speak for itself, so the work of аhistorian is always interpretive. The appeal to the visual here is not a turn away from other ways, other meanings of making history. The visual is seen here as a special form of knowledge, requiring its own ways of apprehending it. This engagement with the visual will undoubtedly have a significant impact on our understanding of archives and historiography in general but does not claim to privilege the visual domain as offering a special kind of access to the past
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Fuster Serrano, Aurora. "La militancia y los cuadros de FET-JONS en un municipio rural valenciano: Cortes de Pallás." Saitabi 1, no. 71 (February 28, 2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/saitabi.72.20450.
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El estudio de la militancia falangista sigue siendo un ámbito poco investigado en la historiografía del falangismo, a pesar de su importancia para conocer las bases sociales que integraron FET-JONS y su capacidad de penetración en la sociedad. El objetivo de este artículo, por tanto, es analizar la militancia y el personal político de Falange y del Frente de Juventudes desde una perspectiva local, centrada en Cortes de Pallás, un municipio rural valenciano, con intención de contribuir a los debates más extendidos sobre las bases sociales del falangismo y su presencia en las instituciones locales.The affiliation of FET-JONS in a rural Valencian municipality: Cortes de Pallás.Abstract: The study of the falangist affiliation continues being a not much investigated field on the historiography of falangism, despite its importance for knowing the social bases that integrated FET-JONS and its capacity of penetration in the society. Therefore, objective of this article is to analyse the affiliation and the political staff of Falange and the Frente de Juventudes from a local perspective, focused on Cortes de Pallás, a rural Valencian municipality, with intention to contribute to the most extended debates about the social bases of the falangism and its presence on the local institutions.Key words: FET-JONS, Frente de Juventudes, Francoist dictatorship, affiliation, political staff, local history.
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Losano, Mario G. "La geopolitica spagnola in Jaime Vicens Vives: fra repubblica e franchismo." TEORIA POLITICA, no. 3 (February 2009): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tp2008-003001.
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- The article describes the Spanish geopolitics in the XX century. In this context, geopolitics was a relevant although not central interest for one of the most important Catalan intellectuals, Jaime Vicens Vives (1910-1960). He discovered geopolitics through the works of Karl Haushofer. Then, on behalf of the Spanish Republic (an almost forgotten event), he started writing in Catalan a geopolitics of Catalonia from a left-wing point of view. Just before printing this book, the victory of Franco's Nationalists compelled him to transform it into a right-wing geopolitics of Spain, finally published in Spanish in 1940. After the end of the war he reconsidered the whole matter in a new book of 1950, where he stressed the possibility of a new imperial mission of Spain in the new world order. In the course of time his historiographic position became closer to those of Toynbee and Braudel, an evolution suddenly terminated by his death in 1960.
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Pinzón-Ayala, Daniel. "Las casas cuartel de la DGRD para la Guardia Civil: un modelo adaptado para la propaganda." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 8, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2021.14921.
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The Civil Guard barracks, promoted by the Directorate-General of Devastated Regions [Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas, DGRD] (1939-1957), are an exception within the general marginality of this hybrid architecture in architectural historiography. However, such a prominence has led to a distorted and partial approach to the architecture of these barracks, ignoring the contemporary production of the Civil Guard’s technical services. This is the first study that deals with the post-war promotion of barracks, offering an analysis that sheds light on the interdependencies and contributions made by each organisation. The methodology is based on a bibliographical review, which includes the Reconstrucción journal, the consultation of the projects in the archives that hold the documentation of both organisations and the comparative analysis of their productions. This paper aims to show how the DGRD based the promotion of its barracks on the models created by the architects attached to the Civil Guard, taking them directly and adapting them to its propagandistic interests according to Franco’s ideology using strategic implantation, a commitment to specific typologies, excessive ornamentation and the emphasis on a collective way of life.
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Plaza Plaza, Antonio. "La literatura en la Segunda República. Una revisión historiográfica de la producción investigadora y la edición literaria (2000-2014)." REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto) 29 (September 20, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2018.4234.
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Resumen: La historiografía sobre la cultura republicana entre 2000 y 2014 ha alcanzado un importante nivel, un trabajo realizado especialmente desde las universidades y centros de investigación. En este periodo han sido abundantes las obras editadas sobre la cultura republicana. Por imposición de la censura franquista, la mayoría de la literatura producida por los escritores republicanos se publicó en el exilio. La reedición de parte de esa obra, escasamente difundida o inédita ha permitido recuperar en los últimos quince años una parte de nuestro pasado cultural reciente, que permanecía oculto u olvidado, en relación a la literatura, el pensamiento y el arte producidos fuera de España por quienes defendieron la causa republicana en el exilio posterior a 1939.Palabras clave: literatura, cultura republicana, exilio, congreso.Abstract: Between 2000 and 2014 the historiography of the Second Spanish Republic’s cultural manifestations reached a remarkable level. This was mostly thanks to academic research and remains reflected in a vast number of published works. Under the censorship of Franco’s regime, most Republican writers published their works in exile. Many of those works have been reprinted over the last fifteen years, uncovering a part of Spanish recent cultural past that had otherwise remained forgotten and hidden. Art, literature and thought produced or developed outside of Spain by those who defended the Republican cause after 1939 had until recently been condemned to silence.Key words: literature, republican culture, exile, congress.
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Lunev, S. M. "The Image of Great Britain in the Soviet Press in the Context of the Spanish Civil War (1936‒1939)." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 13, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 196–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-1-196-222.
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The developments of the Spanish Civil War in 1936–1939, including its international aspects, have been thoroughly studied both in foreign and in Russian historiography. However, the introduction of new research approaches, in this case imagology, allows us to revisit even the well-established views. The paper examines the сreation and subsequent development of the image of Great Britain in the Soviet press in the context of the Spanish Civil War. The research draws on publications in the Soviet ‘Pravda’ and ‘Izvestiya’ newspapers, as well as in the ‘Ogoniok’, ‘Za rubezhom’ and ‘Agitator’s Sputnik’ magazines. The study reveales a rather ambiguous position of the Soviet press in relation to the British policy in Spain. Several topics played a key role in creating the image of the ‘Foggy Albion’ in the Soviet press. The leitmotif of publications of the Soviet journalists was the image of the empire in decline. In this regard, the Soviet press emphasized the acquiescence of the British government faced with aggressive actions from Francoists backed by Germany and Italy, as well as its inability to protect national interests of its own state. Parallel to this, the image of Great Britain as a split society was created. The Soviet journalists stressed that passivity of the government caused mounting criticism from both political left and right. At the same time, they praised the work of the civil society and volunteers in support of the republic. Finally, the Soviet media bashed London for its gradual drift from non-intervention towards appeasement and even direct inducement of aggressors. The author concludes that the image of Great Britain created in the Soviet press was intended to convince the Soviet public opinion in the fallacy of the British policy. In the face of an impending global war, London was portrayed as an unreliable ally, prone to concessions to aggressors.
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Novikov, Mikhail V. "Soviet Aid to the Spanish Republic in 1936–1939: Modern Conservative Versions." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/16.
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The subject of the study is some modern conservative versions of the history of the Soviet Union’s military assistance to the Spanish Republic in 1936–1939. The aim of the article is to attempt a critical analysis of the new and revived versions of the motives of Soviet intervention in the Spanish conflict, of the involvement of the Soviet leadership in large-scale terror against civilians in the republican zone, of the degree of influence of the Soviet leadership and Soviet representatives in Spain on the governmental structure of the Spanish Republic, of the anti-fascist character of the war. The study has established the inconsistency of the versions about Soviet aid as a means of promoting the world revolution in Spain and as an attempt to draw the democratic and fascist states into a major war between themselves through the Spanish conflict, about the possibilities of Stalin in 1936 to manipulate the great powers. It has been proved that conservative historians exaggerate the degree of influence of Stalin and Soviet political representatives in Spain on the military-political leadership of the republic. The impact of the so-called “instruments” of Soviet influence in the Spanish Republic is also exaggerated. The first of the instruments is considered to be the relocation of part of the gold reserve to Moscow, which, allegedly, allowed the Soviet control over the finances of the republic to be established. The second is the activities of Soviet military advisers; the third is the Communist Party of Spain, which was part of the Comintern, and was considered as an obedient tool in the hands of Moscow. It was and still is traditional to attribute responsibility for unleashing large-scale terror against civilians in the republican zone to Stalin, which does not correspond to reality as convincingly proved by the British historian P. Preston in his famous work The Spanish Holocaust. The scale of terror was exaggerated in the republican zone and, accordingly, understated in the Francoist zone. The study shows the failure of attempts to distort the anti-fascist nature of the war waged by the Spanish Republic relying on the support of the Soviet Union, Mexico, the progressive public of most civilized countries of that time, as well as attempts to present the regimes of Hitler, Mussolini and Franco in 1936–1939 as quite respectable. The new and updated critical versions of the Soviet aid to the Spanish Republic considered in the article are the result of the neoconservative wave in western historiography, which influenced representatives of both the classical historical school and the adherents of postmodernism.
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Galeano, Javier Fernández. "Mariquitas, ‘Marvellous Race Created by God’: The Judicial Prosecution of Homosexuality in Francoist Andalusia, 1955–70." Journal of Contemporary History, May 17, 2022, 002200942210998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220094221099858.
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This article argues that the mariquita's subjectivity became a prevalent trope when individuals were prosecuted under charges of homosexuality in Franco's Spain. The mariquita was a liminal homosexual male who was expected to be family-oriented, devout, and involved in flamenco culture and Catholic festivals. I focus on judicial records to underscore the mariquita trope as a popular strategy for questioning the implementation of a stringent legal regime while demanding the social conformity of sexual minorities. The interventions of this article in the literature on nonconforming sexualities are twofold: (1) It contributes to the international scholarship by tracing the centrality of Catholicism and southern Spanish folk culture on mariquita subjectivity and social attitudes towards sexual minorities. This complicates the premise that liberalism has historically been the primary ideological frame informing sexual minorities’ resistance to repressive policies. In Spain, under a dictatorial regime, sexual minorities’ adaptative strategies and identities incorporated aspects of traditional rural femininity alongside modern forms of queer self-expression, such as drag shows in urban cabarets. (2) It contributes to the Spanish historiography, by revising the existing metrocentric research on homosexuality under Francoism and emphasizing the discrepancy between medico-legal discourses and recurring expressions of conditional toleration by rural communities.
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Conseglieri, Ana, and Olga Villasante. "Shock therapies in Spain (1939–1952) after the Civil War: Santa Isabel National Mental Asylum in Leganés." History of Psychiatry, July 16, 2021, 0957154X2110307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x211030790.
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The first third of the twentieth century changed the therapeutical landscape with the emergence of new treatments for the mentally ill in asylums. However, the historiography of their use in Spanish psychiatric establishments has been scarcely studied. The popularization of barbiturate sleep therapies, insulin shock, cardiazol therapy, electroshock and leucotomy spread from the beginning of the century. However, the Spanish Civil War and Spain’s isolation during Franco’s autarky (1939–52) made their implementation difficult. Through historiographic research using medical records as documentary sources, this work analyses the socio-demographic conditions of the asylum population during the first decade of Franco’s dictatorship. The treatments used in Leganés Mental Asylum are described and are compared with those used in other Spanish psychiatric institutions.
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Pérez-Olivares, Alejandro. "Force and the city: occupying and controlling Madrid in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War." Urban History, November 23, 2020, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926820000814.
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Abstract For some years, the historiography on Francoist violence has engaged with debates developed by European scholars on the importance of citizen collaboration in authoritarian regimes. In some cases, denunciations made by ‘ordinary men’ have been quantified to establish the extent of violence in everyday life, without taking other qualitative criteria into account. This article explores the importance of urban criteria such as neighbourhood, sociability and mobility in the scope of Francoist violence, taking the military occupation of Madrid at the end of the Spanish Civil War as a case-study.
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Romero, Teresa Rabazas, and Sara Ramos Zamora. "La construcción del género en el franquismo y los discursos educativos de la Sección Femenina." Encounters in Theory and History of Education 7 (May 14, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/eoe-ese-rse.v7i0.604.
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In this paper we consider gender as a category of analysis to study the educational speeches that the “Sección Femenina" (political organization for women) addressed to women during Franco’s dictatorship. Following the new approaches of contemporary historiography that requires another type of sources and methods our analysis focuses in the feminine magazine “Consigna”. This publication was the vehicle that the “Sección Femenina” used to spread their educational slogans, that is to say, the way that this pro-Franco institution was dedicated to the indoctrination of women, especially female teachers, due to their multiplying influence in education circles.
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Lopez Torrijos, Roberto. "Franco’s Technocracy and Spain's European Integration: Historiographic Paradoxes and New Conclusions." Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies 39, no. 1 (February 14, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.26431/0739-182x.1141.
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Soto, Isabel. "Black Atlantic (Dis)Entanglements: Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, and Spain." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 65, no. 2 (January 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2017-0021.
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AbstractThe work of Langston Hughes and Richard Wright provides a unique entry point into an under-studied area of Black Studies: the Spanish role in the construction of racial categories and racially determined practices. My essay examines how Hughe’s and Wright’s reactions to the Hispanophone world were mediated through the issue of race. While Hughes articulates a de-othering or entanglement with his surrounding space, Wright colludes in a historical process of racial differentiation of Spain and things Spanish. Hughes’s writings on the Spanish-speaking world and the 1936–1939 Civil War address issues of race and coloniality and precede current historiography’s recognition of the conflict as a racialized and colonial event. Wright, Hughes’s near contemporary and one-time co-author, provides an intriguing – if problematic – vision of Francoist Spain in his travelog
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García-Sanjuán, Alejandro. "Feeling Bad about Emotional History." Al-ʿUsur al-Wusta 29, no. 1 (December 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/uw.v29i1.8902.
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This article presents a critical review of The Feeling of History, a recent work by the American anthropologist Charles Hirschkind. In this book, the author treats Andalucismo, a political movement that arose in modern Andalusia early in the twentieth century and was chiefly characterized by an extremely positive view of the Islamic Iberian past (al-Andalus)—a tendency that is certainly unusual in Spain and goes against the prevalent Spanish nationalism. In his book, Hirschkind not only develops an uncritical view of Andalucismo and its intrinsically emotional reading of the past but also legitimizes a rather farfetched conflation of modern Andalusia and al-Andalus. Moreover, he offers an extremely shallow and unnuanced reading of current Spanish scholarship on the Middle Ages, branding it wholesale as an heir to Francoism. He also lends legitimacy to those who call into question the origin of al-Andalus in the Islamic conquest of 711 CE—representatives of an unscholarly approach that has been largely dismissed by academic outlets since the 1970s. Burdened by heavy ideological prejudices and hampered by the author’s limited knowledge of the most recent academic historiographic debates in the field of Iberian medieval studies, the book represents a failed attempt to present the Anglophone readership with a consistent introduction to Andalusian nationalism together with a critical appraisal of the Andalusian nationalist interpretation of the medieval Iberian past.