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Journal articles on the topic 'France – Zen'
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1
Coats, Karen. "Zen and Gone by Emily France." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 71, no. 11 (2018): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0489.
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Jullien, François. "« Rester zen », ou d'une France qui n'affronte plus." Le Débat 179, no. 2 (2014): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/deba.179.0092.
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Krummel, John W. M. "Zen and Anarchy in Reiner Schürmann." Philosophy Today 66, no. 1 (2022): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday20211025432.
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This article discusses Reiner Schürmann’s notions of ontological anarché and anarchic praxis in his readings of Heidegger and Eckhart, while bringing his philosophy of anarchy into dialogue with Zen-inspired Japanese thought. I thereby hope to shed light on his thought of anarchy in terms of what I call “an-ontology.” The inspiration for this project is the fact that Schürmann himself had practiced Zen as a young adult in France and had engaged in comparative analyses of Zen and Eckhart in his earlier works. I take what Schürmann meant by the principle of anarchy as a form of praxis that precedes the theoretical bifurcation between being and non-being. A similar sort of “anarchic praxis” is recognizable in Zen and we can find comparable (an)ontological implications of such praxis in the Zen-inspired writings of the Japanese medieval thinker Dōgen and of the contemporary philosopher Nishida Kitarō.
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Gómez, Marcos. "La represión del protestantismo en el tribunal inquisitorial de Calahorra-Logroño (1550-1610)." Príncipe de Viana, no. 276 (October 20, 2020): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.276.2.
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RESUMEN La reforma religiosa surgida a partir de 1517 no fue ajena a ningún estado europeo. Sus ecos también llegaron a la Monarquía Hispánica, que intentó erradicarla de sus fronteras a través de la Santa Inquisición. El objetivo del trabajo es ver (a través de las relaciones de causas de fe inquisitoriales que se encuentran en el Archivo Histórico Nacional) cómo dicha institución la represalió en el tribunal de Calahorra-Logroño entre 1550 y 1610, cuya jurisdicción compartía frontera natural con la Francia de las guerras de religión. Fue la situación en dicho país la que marcó el rumbo de la represión de la herejía en estos territorios, sobre todo a partir de la subida de Enrique de Navarra al trono francés. LABURPENA 1517tik aurrera sortutako erreforma erlijiosoa ez zen batere zerikusirik Europako Estatuetatik. Bere oihartzunak Monarkia Hispanikora ere iritsi ziren, Inkisizio Santuaren bidez mugetatik desagerrarazi zuena. Lanaren helburua da (Agiritegi Historiko Nazionalean dauden inkisitorialen akten bidez) erakunde horrek Calahorra-Logroñoko auzitegian 1550 eta 1610 urteen artean errepresalatu zuen, eta horren jurisdikzioa muga naturala zen erlijio-gerren Frantziarekin. Herrialde horretako egoera izan zen lurralde horietan heresiaren errepresioaren norabidea markatu zuena, batez ere, Nafarroako Enrike igoeratik aurrera. ABSTRACT The religious reform emerged after 1517 was not alien to any European state. Its echoes also reached the Hispanic Monarchy, which tried to eradicate it from its borders with the inquisitorial action. The purpose of the work is to see (through the inquisitorial records found in the National Historical Archive) how this institution retaliated in the tribunal of Calahorra-Logroño between 1550 and 1610, whose jurisdiction shared a natural frontier with the France of the Wars of religion. It was the situation in that country that marked the course of the repression of heresy in these places, especially from the rise of Henry of Navarre to the throne of France.
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Hulot, Nicolas. "ZEN 2050 : un défi collectif à relever. La France, zéro émission nette en 2050." Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 89, no. 1 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re1.089.0005.
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Cheuk, Michael Ka-chi. "Gao Xingjian’s Escape from Orientalism." Archiv orientální 89, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.89.2.365-387.
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Of Mountains and Seas (1989) and Snow in August (1997) are two plays which Gao Xingjian completed in France and contain direct references to ancient Chinese cultures. With reference to Gao’s “cold” theatrical techniques of suppositionality and tripartite acting, I argue such plays not only expose the Orientalist impulses in their portrayals of Chinese mythology and Zen Buddhism but also breathe new life into these ancient Chinese traditions. By highlighting Gao’s emphasis on observation, this paper demonstrates how his “escape” from Orientalism via literature is less about the avoidance of Orientalism than the reflexive observation of Orientalism.
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García de Juan, Miguel Ángel. "La realidad literaturizada y la ira contra la religión católica y el obispo de Pamplona en el «Libro segundo» de La familia de Errotacho, de Pío Baroja." Príncipe de Viana, no. 276 (October 20, 2020): 9–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.276.1.
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RESUMEN A finales de 1924 se produjeron varias incursiones revolucionarias desde Francia para derrocar la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera. La entrada de un grupo de anarquistas por Vera* de Bidasoa la transfiguró literariamente Pío Baroja en el «Libro segundo» de la novela-crónica La familia de Errotacho. Lo más destacable en la literaturización de los acontecimientos, aun conociendo el anticlericalismo del escritor vasco, es la exagerada deformación parcial de la realidad respecto al comportamiento con los detenidos del obispo de Pamplona. *Mantenemos este topónimo con «v» porque así aparece escrito en todos los periódicos de entonces. LABURPENA 1924. urtearen bukaeran, zenbait iraultzaile talde sartu ziren Frantziatik, Primo de Riveraren diktadura erorarazteko. Anarkista talde bat Beratik* sartu zen, eta Pío Barojak gertaera hori modu literarioan jaso zuen, La familia de Errotacho kronika-eleberriko «Bigarren liburuan». Gertaera hori literaturara nola ekarri zen aztertzean, azpimarragarriena da, euskal idazle honen antiklerikalismoa ezagututa ere, zein era nabarmenean deformatu zuen errealitatea, partzialki, Iruñeko apezpikuak atxilotuekin izan zuen portaerari dagokionez. *Gaztelaniaz, toponimoa «v» letraz idatzi da, hala agertzen baita idatzita garai hartako egunkari guztietan. ABSTRACT At the end of 1924 there were several revolutionary incursions from France in order to overthrow the Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship. The irruption of an anarchist group through Vera* de Bidasoa was changed into literature in the «Segundo libro» of the chronical-novel La familia de Errotacho. The most remarkable thing when a writer registers the events as literature, even knowing the anticlericalism of the Basque writer, is the partial exaggeration of the reality regarding the behaviour to the arrested ones by the bishop of Pamplona. * We write this toponym with «v» because this way appears in all the newspapers of that time.
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Morooka, Hiroyo. "méditation comme moyen de synthèse culturelle dans les œuvres du compositeur Yoshihisa Yaïra." ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE 2, no. 9 (April 13, 2021): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/af29425.
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Le compositeur Yoshihisa Taïra (1937-2005) cherche – dans sa composition – à réaliser une synthèse culturelle entre la France, où il s’est formé et a vécu, et le Japon, son pays d'origine. Il utilise alors la méditation comme thème musical pour se libérer de l’intellectualisation et de la verbalisation de la musique, et ce, dans le but de revenir à l’écoute en tant qu’essence musicale. En utilisant le concept du ma (vide), en s’inspirant de la pensée bouddhiste zen, Taïra réussit à trouver une position équilibrée avec le contexte esthétique de la postmodernité française représentée par Jean-François Lyotard.
Cet article creuse donc ce en quoi la méditation est la synthèse culturelle pour Taïra, en analysant du point de vue musical et philosophique, la possibilité de l’existence d’un croisement idéologique entre ces deux cultures qui inciterait le compositeur à retourner vers l’inspiration de la culture japonaise, à l’aide de la pensée issue de Logique du lieu de Kitarô Nishida.
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Kim, Jongmyung. "The Chikchi and Its Positions in Fourteenth-Century Korea." Religions 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11030126.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and ideological positions of the Chikchi, a Korean Zen text. Originally composed of two fascicles, the book was published with metal type in 1377 and in woodblock print in 1378. The metal type print only remains. in its second fascicle, which is currently preserved in the La Bibliotheque nationale de France, registered in the Memory of the World by the United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Memory of the World list. However, the woodblock print remains in two fascicles, including the teachings of Buddhas, recorded sayings, enlightened verses, and transmission records of more than one hundred patriarchs and masters of India, China, and Korea. The role of the Chikchi shines more in modern times. As a rare book in Korea and as the oldest extant book printed with metal type in the world, it has a great significance in the world history of printing culture. The Chikchi also has originality in terms of soteriology, ideological flexibility, an open interpretation of Buddhist teachings, and an integration with Confucianism, thus suggesting its possible contribution to a better understanding of the characteristics of Korean Buddhism in particular and, by extension, East Asian Buddhism in general.
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Knuuttila, Sirkka. "L’effet de réel revisited: Barthes and the affective image." Sign Systems Studies 36, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2008.36.1.07.
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This article addresses Barthes’s development from a structuralist semiotician towards an affectively responding reader in terms of ‘postrational’ subjectivity. In light of his whole oeuvre, Barthes anticipates the understanding of emotion as an integral part of cognition presented in contemporary social neuroscience. To illustrate Barthes’s growing awareness of the importance of this epistemological move, the article starts from his textual ‘reality effect’ as a critical vehicle of realist representation. It then shifts to his attempt at conceptualising an affective reading which resists the universalising idea of one ideologically determined signified. Barthes’s progress towards embracing the actual reader’s embodied self-feeling is prompted by two conceptual milestones: the obtuse meaning found in cinematic stills, and the experience of punctum felt in photos. In light of his lectures in the Collège de France, Barthes substitutes the Husserlian disembodied method of introspection with the Chinese wu-wei as a reading practice. As a result, his Zen-Buddhist concentration on bodily feelings elicited by visual/verbal images becomes a method capable of creating a fruitful link between language and wordless cognition. Finally, the article proposes an idea of the ‘embodied reality effect’ by reading affectively two similar scenes interpreted by the early and late Barthes himself.
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Wang, Sophia. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 11, No. 6." Journal of Mathematics Research 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v11n6p93.
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Journal of Mathematics Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.
Many authors, regardless of whether Journal of Mathematics Research publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.
Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 6
Abimbola Abolarinwa, Landmark University, Nigeria
Cibele Cristina Trinca Watanabe, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Brazil
Denis Khleborodov, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
Francisco Bulnes, Research Department in Mathematics and Engineering, TESCHA, Mexico
Gabriela Ciuperca, University Lyon 1, France
Gane Sam Lo, Universite Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis, Senegal
Gener Santiago Subia, Wesleyan University, Philippines
Jalal Hatem, Baghdad University, Iraq
Maria Alessandra Ragusa, University of Catania, Italy
Martin Anokye, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Mashadi Ali, Riau University, Indonesia
Meltem Erden Ege, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey
Mohammad A. AlQudah, German Jordanian University, Jordan
Mohammad Sajid, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Mustapha El Moudden, Moulay Ismail University, Morocco
Omur Deveci, Kafkas University, Turkey
Özen ÖZER, Kirklareli University, Turkey
Philip Yordanoff Philipoff, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi, Athens Institute for Education and Research, Greece
Rosalio G. Artes, Jr., Mindanao State University, Philippines
Sanjib Kumar Datta, University of Kalyani, India
Sergiy Koshkin, University of Houston Downtown, USA
Vishnu Narayan Mishra, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, India
Xinyun Zhu, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, USA
Sophia Wang
On behalf of,
The Editorial Board of Journal of Mathematics Research
Canadian Center of Science and Education
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Jennings, Susanne Caroline Rose. "Face to Face: the Growth of the Self in Thomas Merton." Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN, no. 15 (September 15, 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/snt.8530.
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The late Trappist monk and prolific author, Thomas Merton was intensely concerned with the self – or to be more precise, with a desire to break free from the tyranny of the self he took to be his identity. His early years in France and England were marked by a sense of loss and dislocation. After leaving Cambridge for Columbia, his subsequent life in America and decision to be baptised a Catholic at the age of 23 eventually led to his taking vows as a Cistercian monk. Given the name Frater Louis, the ‘world’ with all its temptations and unresolved issues had been left safely behind along with his old identity. Or so he thought. In fact, Merton’s years as a Trappist would lead to a best-selling autobiography written under obedience to his abbot with many more books to follow. Compared at the time of its publication to St Augustine’s Confessions, it would lead to his international renown as Thomas Merton. He voiced his disquiet over what he called ‘this shadow, this double, this writer who […] followed me into the cloister … I cannot lose him.’
In time, Merton came to the realisation through lived experience and his voracious reading of the Bible, St Augustine, the mystics, the individuation process propounded by Jung, Zen Buddhism and others that the ‘self’ he was trying to escape was, in fact, largely a ‘false’ self driven by the ego. This paper traces Merton’s journey from the that self to the authentic self which is found in God, in transcendence. Obsession with ‘the self’ as understood in the 21st century makes a study of Merton’s path to selfhood that much more vital. The advent of the ‘Selfie’, the self-promotion that social media affords and the examples of narcissistic individuals in positions of power gives the lie to lives where self-consciousness is confused with self-realisation. Nothing, as Merton discovered, could be further from the truth.
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Gereñu, Idoia. "Bazegonk amairu "jarrai" gabe?" Revista de lenguas y literaturas catalana, gallega y vasca 23 (December 17, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rllcgv.vol.23.2018.23227.
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Jarrai antzerki-taldeak euskal antzerkigintzaren norabidea aldatu zuen ia hamar urteko ibilbidean, 60ko hamarkadan. Frankismo garaia betebetean zela, gazte-kuadrilla bat elkartu eta, gerraurreko ohiturei jarraiki, oholtza gainera igo zen, antzerkia aitzakiatzat hartuta. Xedea euskara zein euskal gizartea esnaraztea izan zen. Ordurako, belaunaldi berriek mundua ulertzeko bide berriak proposatu zituzten munduko zenbait herrialdeetan; mugimendu abangoardistak arte-diziplina anitzen bidez adierazi ziren, eta sentipen hau Euskal Herrira iritsi zen. Aitzina pausoak emateko gogoz, Jarrai antzerki-taldeak beste herrialdeetan eszenaratzen ari ziren abangoardiako antzerki-testuak euskarara ekarri zituen. Ildo beretik, euskaraz sortutako testuak ere eszenaratuko zituen aurrerago. Molde estetiko eta dramatiko berriak proposatzeaz gain, gazte euskaradun kulturazalearen irudi eta eredu bihurtu ziren Jarraikideak, beste diziplinei modernitaterako bidea erraztuz.The theater group Jarrai changed the direction of Basque theater in a nearly ten year career, in the 60s. During the Franco regime, aiming at reviving both the basque language and society, some young people gathered together on stage, following the tradition prior to the war. By that time, the new generations proposed in different countries of the world new ways of understanding it; the avant-garde movements were expressed in different artistic disciplines, and this feeling arrived in the Basque Country. The theater group Jarrai wanted to take some steps forward, and so translated into Basque some avant-garde theater texts that were staging in other countries. In this sense, they also staged some texts produced in Basque. In addition to proposing new aesthetic and dramatic molds, Jarrai became the image and model of the new basque young cultural movement, facilitating to other artistic disciplines the path towards modernization.
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Raynoldi, Abigail. "Las poéticas de Beatriz Vallejos y Juan L. Ortiz: una lectura de la diáspora zen." El Hilo de la Fabula, no. 17 (November 6, 2017): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/hf.v0i17.6482.
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El presente trabajo, en sus diferentes momentos, tiene como reunión la poesía. Se considera la perspectiva comparada como una oportunidad única, como dice Franco Carvalhal, para escenificar “interrelaciones culturales y literarias” entre postulados del budismo zen, la poesía japonesa haiku y las poéticas de dos escritores de nuestra zona: un pasaje rápido por el referente entrerriano Juan L. Ortiz y principalmente la poeta santafesina, Beatriz Vallejos.
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Wiorogórska, Zuzanna. "Information Literacy and Doctoral Students in France and Poland. A Comparative Study." Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 52, no. 1(103) (February 10, 2014): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.535.
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Purpose/thesis: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of information literacy (IL) in view of French-Polish comparative research on information users. In the first part of the paper the similarities and differences in Polish and French approaches to information literacy are analyzed from the perspective of higher education. Next, the results of research conducted among doctoral students at the University of Warsaw and the University of Lille are presented.
Approach/methods: Three methods were used: survey, nonparticipant observation and elements of grounded theory. The research tended on the one hand to verify the hypothesis on a low use of scientific journals by doctoral students, and on the other hand to answer the question what librarians and faculty should do to increase this use.
Results and conclusions: Two major factors were identified: (1) the lack of specialized library instruction addressed to doctoral students (in the case of Poland) and (2) the lack of promotion/ dissemination of such instruction among doctoral students and lecturers who could encourage their students to participate (in the case of France).
Research limitations: The response sample may be perceived too small to be representative for both universities; the method of identifying the field of studies may be disputable; the question if the universities in Lille and Warsaw are comparable might be posed.
Practical implications: This study might help librarians understand users’ needs and define the gaps in the library offer. It also highlights the importance of the IL education in the university environment.
Originality/value: This is the first study of its kind and the first comparative study conducted after the implementation of Bologna Process. It identifies the issues that might be considered and implemented by the libraries with the main one being the reinforcement of the role and importance of IL.
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Béziat, Didier, and Pierre Monchoux. "Les spindles chromozincifères du district aurifère de Salsigne (Montagne Noire, France) / Cr-and Zn-bearing spinels in the Salsigne district gold deposit (Montagne Noire, France)." European Journal of Mineralogy 3, no. 6 (December 19, 1991): 957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/3/6/0957.
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Subbotina, Maria. "Ambivalence of the Hero in the Context of the Social Well-Being Study; or, The Search for the Heroic in the New Social-Media Reality." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, no. 3 (2020): 450–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-3-450-465.
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Books Review: Scott T. Allison (ed.), Heroes and Villains of the Millennial Generation (Richmond: Palsgrove, 2018); Olivia Efthimiou, Scott T. Allison, Zeno E. Franco (eds.), Heroism and Wellbeing in the 21st Century: Applied and Emerging Perspectives (London: Routledge, 2018).
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Nagam, Alan. "L’énergie éolienne des ZEE, l’occasion d’une rupture pour réindustrialiser la France." Hors les murs N° 506, no. 5 (March 28, 2021): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ehlm.506.0021.
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Schieder, Rolf. "Werte, Gewohnheiten, Haltungen. Eine Erinnerung an Emile Durkheims Konzept der Moralerziehung." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 39, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-1995-0147.
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Abstract The ethical value ofthe debate on values is dubious. The collision ofvalues, their implicit economic logic, the danger of a ›tyranny of values‹, and the gap between values and behavior show the problems of the value concept. Durkheims understanding of moral education insists on the social character of moral behavior. Morality has nothing to do with moral ideals and values. Morality is socially constituted in the first place. Durkheims programm of moral education goes from self-discipline over social abilities to autonomy. His plea for a universalistic morality can be seen in the context of Durkheims reflections upon bis situation as an assimilated Jew in France during the years of the Dreyfuß affaire.
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Widad, Mustafa El Hadi. "Documentation and Information Science: On Some Forgotten Origins of the French Contribution." Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 56, no. 1(111) (September 1, 2018): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.378.
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PURPOSE/THESIS: This paper presents a review of the French contribution to the epistemology and theory of documentation and information science. It is focused on the authors, theories, and practices that have been neglected, or forgotten by French information specialists. An attempt was made to assess their contribution and influence on information science and the theory of the document. APPROACH/METHODS: The author focused on the analysis of the literature either printed or available as online texts, and proceedings of the ISKO-France conference held in Paris in 2017. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The review of the French contribution to the epistemology and theory of documentation and information science is carried out according to a triple chronological perspective. The first one goes back in time, as far as the contribution to the development of knowledge organization methods and theories of Enlightenment French philosophers’ and Gabriel Naudé. The second period covers relatively recent history, from the nineteenth to the twentieth century with the birth of the francophone document theoreticians such as the philosopher Auguste Comte and his Broad System of Ordering, and later Suzanne Briet’s view of a document as something (potentially anything) made into a document, offering the view that the word “document” should be used in a technical sense within information science to denote anything regarded as signifying something. The third period is represented by the thriving activities of what we call in France the forerunners among whom I have focused on the specific position of Eric De Grolier for his role in defining and expanding Ranganathan’s categories as well as that of Jean-Claude Gardin, their contribution and their impact on information science with a special focus on knowledge organization. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The theme of the 4th International Scientific Conference on Information Science in the Age of Change: Innovative Information Services from which this paper is derived implies that speakers would give a state of the art on Innovative Information Service. However, I would like to suggest that talking about the European tradition of information science underpinning the innovation in information services would be worthwhile. It is because this tradition played a central role in developing the connection between modernism and information science, especially in relation to schemes for bibliography and documentation that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th century. The impact of the French tradition and its modernism in documentation and information theory is tremendous, but I chose only a few of these authors, mostly those understudied, because I find it surprising that there is so little reference to them in more recent work.
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Farr, James R. "Confessionalization and Social Discipline in France, 1530–1685." Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 94, no. 1 (December 1, 2003): 276–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2003-0108.
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Forschung war bis vor kurzem der Auffassung, die Konfessionalisierungsthese sei auf Frankreich nicht anwendbar. Die Untersuchungen zur franzö sischen Religionsgeschichte, die in den letzten zehn Jahren vorgelegt wurden, zwingen jedoch zu einer Überprüfung dieser Einschä tzung. Das gibt Anlaß zu dem Vorschlag, das Konfessionalisierungskonzept für Frankreich auf der Grundlage der Thesen John Bossys zu operationalisieren: Wä hrend die Konfessionalisierungsthese sich auf Mitteleuropa zwischen 1560 und 1650 konzentriert, muß der Zeitrahmen für die Untersuchung des franzö sischen Falls auf die Jahre 1530-1685 ausgedehnt werden. Diese Phase ist - trotz einer weitgehend konstanten Katholisierungspolitik des Staates - geprägt von der (Ko-)Existenz zweier Konfessionen. Diese im Edikt von Nantes festgeschriebene Bikonfessionalität beruhte auf praktischen und politischen Notwendigkeiten. Unter dem Blickwinkel des Konfessionalisierungskonzepts stellt sich die Frage, wie es der hugenottischen Bewegung im 16.Jahrhundert gelang, gegen den Widerstand der Krone und der katholischen Kirche eine institutionalisierte Konfessionskirche mit entsprechendem Selbstverstä ndnis auszubilden - eine Frage, die sich auch für die dévots des 17.Jahrhunderts stellt.
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Penot, Isabelle, Nathalie Berges, Christine Guinguene, and Jacques Fages. "Characterization of Azospirillum associated with maize (Zea mays) in France, using biochemical tests and plasmid profiles." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-130.
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Thirty Azospirillum strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of 13 maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in 14 French soils, using a new specific method, which has been given the name ROSEA. Among these strains 26 were Azospirillum lipoferum and 4 were Azospirillum brasilense. Their characterization was achieved using biochemical tests and plasmid profiles. Biochemical patterns allowed clear differentiation between the two species. A large diversity in carbon source metabolism was found among the Azospirillum sp. strains regardless of their origin. The A. brasilense were much more closely related, and were found in only two of the rhizospheres studied. The 30 plasmid patterns were all different, and the plasmid-profiling technique can therefore be considered as strain specific. All the A. lipoferum harboured a 150-MDa plasmid, while all the A. brasilense harboured a 90 to 100-MDa plasmid. This result reinforces the hypothesis of the presence of such plasmids as an additional criterion for differentiating these two species. Key words: Zea mays, Azospirillum, ROSEA method, biochemical tests, plasmid profiles.
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Schmitt, Stéphane. "Buffon (1707–1788) et la Pologne. Actes du colloque franco-polonais à l’occasion du 300e anniversaire de sa naissance tenu à Paris le 8 juin 2007, Varsovie–Paris : Académie polonaise des sciences, 2007, pp. 162." Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa 55, no. 3 (April 6, 2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/zn.2019.031.
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Ce volume, paru il y a maintenant treize ans, faisait suite à un colloque tenu au Centre de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences à Paris à l’occasion du tricentenaire de la naissance du naturaliste français Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707–1788). Consacré aux relations entretenues par le grand naturaliste français des Lumières avec la Pologne, il constitue une rare contribution à l’étude des circulations de savoirs scientifiques entre la France et l’Europe Centrale et Orientale au xviiie siècle. Le parcourir, treize ans après sa publication, nous invite à évoquer l’historiographie relative à Buffon et à ses rapports avec la culture de son temps.
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Lizarbe Alache, Lázaro Evaristo, Eduardo Aníbal Vega Córdova, and Jesús Armando Lizarbe Córdova. "Adaptación y eficiencia agronómica en el maíz amarillo duro (ZEA MAYS L.) en diferentes localidades de la costa central y norte del Perú." Revista Boletín Redipe 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v9i11.1129.
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En la costa central y norte del Perú se llevó a cabo un Experimento en cada Valle, estudiándose Híbridos de Maíz Amarillo Duro XB-8014, XB- 8010, DK-7088, XB-8018, AG-1596, XB-8016, XB-8030. El suelo en cada Valle es de textura franca y franco arenosa, y el clima es apropiado para el cultivo. Diseño utilizado de bloques completamente randomizado, para los valles y factorial para el combinado valle (V) por híbrido (H).Efectuada las evaluaciones, se obtuvo los siguientes resultados:
Rendimiento Maíz Grano Tn/há por Valles, destacan los Híbridos:
Ica: DK-7088 con 14.923 Tn/há XB-8016 con 14.900 Tn/há, Cañete: XB-8016 con 12.495 Tn/há; AG-1596 con 12.374 Tn/há., Barranca: DK-7088 con 17.073 Tn/há, XB-8018 con 15.005 Tn/há, Moche : XB-8016 con 12.820 Tn/há, DK-7088 con 12.654 Tn/há, Ferreñafe: DK-7098 con 10.136 Tn/ há; AG-15-.96 con 9.714 Tn/há, Motupe: XB-8018 con 14.500 Tn/há, XB-80.14 con 14.345 Tn/há.
Rendimiento Maíz Grano Tn/há destacan:
Para Combinado Valle (V) por Híbrido (H) = Barranca DK-7088 con 17.00 Tn/há, Barranca XB-8018 con 15.00 Tn/há, Ica por DK-7088 con 14.920 Tn/há.
Valles (V)= Barranca con 250 Tn/há. Ica con 13.820 Tn/há.
Híbridos (H) = DK-7088 con 420 Tn/ há; XB-8018 con 12.670 Tn/há; XB-8016 con 12.460 Tn/há.
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Thomas, Günter. "Umkämpfte Aufmerksamkeit." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 47, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-2003-0114.
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AbstractThe article enters into the current discussion about an ernerging economy of attention (M.H. Goldhaber, G. Franck). The author rejects the idea of a substitution of a monetary economy by an economy of attention and instead points out the strong connection between the market and human attention which is established by advertising. Basedon the distinction between perceptive and communicative attention, the dynamic of the media system- which attracts and absorbs large quantities of attention by offering audiovisual spaces of perception - is analysed. In addition to this analysis, the place of the church in this cultural situation is examined. As part of a realistic Christian media ethics the author argues in favor of an ecology of attention which would take into account the preservation and development of a dynamic cultural texture, i.e. a sociocultural as well as an individual polyphony of life.
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Cavalcante, Luiz Ricardo. "ZONA FRANCA DE MANAUS: uma revisão sistemática de impactos." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 5, no. 19 (January 20, 2020): 202001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.e202001.
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MANAUS FREE TRADE ZONE: a systematic review of impactsZONA FRANCA DE MANAOS: una revisión sistemática de impactosRESUMOEmbora criada há mais de meio século, a Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM) tem sido objeto de um número relativamente escasso de análises de seus impactos econômicos e sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão sistemática das principais estatísticas e dos principais resultados de trabalhos selecionados sobre o tema. Buscou-se identificar trabalhos que ultrapassam a descrição da evolução das variáveis por meio, por exemplo, do uso de contrafactuais, regressões econométricas ou modelos de equilíbrio geral. A análise é precedida por uma breve revisão da literatura sobre zonas econômicas especiais (ZEE). Os resultados indicam que i) a ZFM tem impactos positivos nos níveis de renda e de bem-estar em Manaus, ainda que essa conclusão não seja unânime; ii) não há evidências conclusivas de que a ZFM contribui para a preservação ambiental da Amazônia; iii) os gastos tributários da União dirigidos à ZFM são estimados em R$ 28,7 bilhões (mais de R$ 380 mil por emprego direto gerado); e iv) embora o foco das ZEE recaia, de modo geral, sobre as exportações, o caso da ZFM é, em grande medida, singular em razão de seu foco no mercado interno. A ZFM é, portanto, do ponto de vista legal e do ponto de vista prático, essencialmente uma política de desenvolvimento regional (e não uma política de incentivo às exportações) e as análises sobre o tema devem amparar-se nessa premissa.Palavras-chave: Zona Franca de Manaus; Zonas Econômicas Especiais; Impactos; Gastos Tributários; Políticas de Desenvolvimento Regional.ABSTRACTAlthough created more than half a century ago, the Manaus Free Trade Zone (MFTZ) has been subject of a relatively reduced number of analysis of its economic and social impacts. The aim of this work is to present a systematic review of the man statistics and of the main results of a number of selected works about this subject. We sought to identify studies that go beyond the description of the evolution of variables through, for example, the use of counterfactuals, econometric regressions or general equilibrium models. The analysis is preceded by a brief review of the literature on special economic zones (SEZ). The results indicate that i) the MFTZ has positive impacts on the levels of income and well-being in Manaus, although this conclusion is not unanimous; ii) there is no conclusive evidence that the ZFM contributes to the environmental preservation of the Amazon; iii) federal tax expenditures directed to the ZFM are estimated in R$ 28.7 billion (more than R$ 380 thousand for direct employment generated); and iv) although the focus of SEZ falls, in general, on exports, the case of MFTZ is largely unique due to its focus on the domestic market. The MFTZ is, therefore, both legally and in practice, essentially a regional development policy (and not an export incentive policy) and the analyzes on the subject must be based on this assumption.Keywords: Manaus Free Trade Zone; Special Economic Zones; Impacts; Tax Expenditures; Regional Development Policies.RESUMENAunque creada hace más de medio siglo, la Zona Franca de Manaos (ZFM) ha sido objeto de relativamente pocos análisis de sus impactos económicos y sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión sistemática de las principales estadísticas y de los principales resultados de trabajos seleccionados sobre el tema. Buscamos identificar trabajos que van más allá de la descripción de la evolución de las variables mediante, por ejemplo, el uso de contrafácticos, regresiones econométricas o modelos de equilibrio general. Además, presentamos una breve revisión de la literatura sobre las zonas económicas especiales (ZEE). Los resultados indican que i) la ZFM tiene impactos positivos en los niveles de ingresos y bienestar en Manaos, aunque esta conclusión no es unánime; ii) no hay evidencia concluyente de que la ZFM contribuya a la preservación ambiental de la Amazonía; iii) los gastos federales de impuestos dirigidos a la ZFM se estiman en BRL 28,7 mil millones (más de BRL 380 mil por empleo directo generado); y iv) aunque el enfoque de las ZEE recae, en general, en las exportaciones, el caso de la ZFM es en gran medida único debido a su enfoque en el mercado interno. La ZFM es, por lo tanto, desde un punto de vista legal y desde un punto de vista práctico, esencialmente una política de desarrollo regional (y no una política de incentivos a la exportación) y los análisis sobre el tema deben basarse en esta premisa.Palabras clave: Zona Franca de Manaos; Zonas Económicas Especiales; Impactos; Gastos de Impuestos; Políticas de Desarrollo Regional.
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Jadhav, Dinesh. "Zea mays L. (Poaceae) – An Ethnomedicinal Plant Used in the Treatment of Kidney Stone by Native Folklore of Ratlam District (Madhya Pradesh)." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2016-t171ap.
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Corn silk (Stigma maydis) is an important herb used traditionally by the native Indians to treat many diseases. It is also used as traditional medicine in many parts of the world such as China, Turkey, United States and France. In present study it has been found to be very effective for the treatment of kidney stone. This valuable ethnomedicinal plant is interestingly used by the inhabitants of Ratlam district (M.P.) to cure their kidney stone.
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Sivry, Yann, Marguerite Munoz, Valérie Sappin-Didier, Jean Riotte, Laurence Denaix, Philippe De Parseval, Christine Destrigneville, and Bernard Dupré. "Multimetallic contamination from Zn-ore smelter: solid speciation and potential mobility in riverine floodbank soils of the upper Lot River (SW France)." European Journal of Mineralogy 22, no. 5 (November 2, 2010): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2060.
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Gallien, Claire. "Une querelle orientaliste : la réception controversée du Zend Avesta d'Anquetil-Duperron en France et en Angleterre." Littératures classiques N° 81, no. 2 (2013): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/licla.081.0257.
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Debaeke, P., and A. Hilaire. "Production of rainfed and irrigated crops under different crop rotations and input levels in southwestern France." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-089.
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Crop production in southwestern France is primarily limited by water availability. This long-term research was conducted to evaluate the performance of 9 rainfed and irrigated crops grown under 10 crop rotations. Increasing levels of management inputs (e.g., water and fertilizer) were applied to barley (Hordeum polystichum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), rapeseed [Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill)], and sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) from 1984 to 1992 on a deep silty clay loam. Two or three management alternatives were applied to each crop rotation during 9 yr; they were defined at the crop level by an expected grain yield and a consistent combination of crop management factors (planting date, crop density, N-P-K fertilization, irrigation, and pesticides). Under irrigated management, corn, sunflower and soybean responded markedly to increased levels of inputs while sorghum did not respond significantly. In summer crops (corn, sorghum, sunflower), the intensification of inputs was generally ineffective under non-irrigated conditions. In winter wheat, grain yield increased with input levels but differential responses were observed with crop rotation. Variability in yield from year-to-year was reduced with irrigation. We concluded that low-input rainfed and medium-input with limited irrigation are productive agronomic systems for deep soils in southwestern France. Key words: Input level, crop rotation, irrigation
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Frey, Christofer. "Schotteltus Justus Georg Ethtca Dte Sittenkunst oder Wollebenskunst Hg von J Berns Bern und Munchen Francke Verlag 1980 (Deutsche Barockhteratur, hg von M Btrcher und F Kemp) 630S 165,-DM." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-1988-0129.
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Bozhinova, D., S. W. L. Palstra, M. K. van der Molen, M. C. Krol, H. A. J. Meijer, and W. Peters. "Three Years of Δ14CO2 Observations from Maize Leaves in the Netherlands and Western Europe." Radiocarbon 58, no. 3 (April 7, 2016): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.20.
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AbstractAtmospheric Δ14CO2 measurements are useful to investigate the regional signals of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, despite the currently scarce observational network for Δ14CO2. Plant samples are an easily attainable alternative, which have been shown to work well as a qualitative measure of the atmospheric Δ14CO2 signals integrated over the time a plant has grown. Here, we present the 14C analysis results for 89 individual maize (Zea mays) plant samples from 51 different locations that were gathered in the Netherlands in the years 2010 to 2012, and from western Germany and France in 2012. We describe our sampling strategy and results, and include a comparison to a model simulation of the Δ14CO2 that would be accumulated in each plant over a growing season. Our model simulates the Δ14CO2 signatures in good agreement with observed plant samples, resulting in a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 3.30‰. This value is comparable to the measurement uncertainty, but still relatively large (20–50%) compared to the total signal. It is also comparable to the spread in Δ14CO2 values found across multiple plants from a single site, and to the spread found when averaging across larger regions. We nevertheless find that both measurements and model capture the large-scale (>100 km) regional Δ14CO2 gradients, with significant observation-model correlations in all three countries in which we collected samples. The modeled plant results suggest that the largest gradients found in the Netherlands and Germany are associated with emissions from energy production and road traffic, while in France, the 14CO2 enrichment from nuclear sources dominates in many samples. Overall, the required model-based interpretation of plant samples adds additional uncertainty to the already relatively large measurement uncertainty in Δ14CO2, and we suggest that future fossil fuel monitoring efforts should prioritize other strategies such as direct atmospheric sampling of CO2 and Δ14CO2.
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Sampaio, Pedro Ramualyson Fernandes, Eder Duarte Fanaya Junior, José Leôncio de Almeida Silva, Jarbas Honorio de Miranda, and Sergio Nascimento Duarte. "ESTIMATIVA DE FLUXO DE DRENAGEM E ALTURA DE LENÇOL FREÁTICO EM SOLOS DE TEXTURAS DISTINTAS." IRRIGA 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v1n1p70-80.
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ESTIMATIVA DE FLUXO DE DRENAGEM E ALTURA DE LENÇOL FREÁTICO EM SOLOS DE TEXTURAS DISTINTAS PEDRO RAMUALYSON FERNANDES SAMPAIO1; EDER DUARTE FANAYA JÚNIOR1; JOSÉ LEÔNCIO DE ALMEIDA SILVA2; JARBAS HONORIO DE MIRANDA3 E SERGIO NASCIMENTO DUARTE3 1Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/ESALQ-USP, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - São Dimas, 13418-900, Piracicaba - SP, Brasil, prfsampaio@usp.br; junior_edf21@hotmail.com2Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa – MG, CEP: 36570-900, Brasil, jose.leoncio@ufv.br3Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Associado, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/ESALQ-USP, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - São Dimas, 13418-900, Piracicaba - SP, Brasil, jhmirand@usp.br; snduarte@usp.br 1 RESUMO O excesso de água no solo, devido aos altos níveis estacionais ou periódicos do lençol freático, tem-se constituído no principal risco para limitar a produtividade das culturas, e a sua profundidade influi indiretamente no crescimento e no desenvolvimento vegetal, influenciando às condições de umidade do perfil, de aeração e propriedades térmicas do solo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento do lençol freático e o fluxo de drenos, em cinco anos extremos, que apresentam baixa, média e elevada pluviosidade anual, na cidade de Piracicaba-SP. O estudo foi realizado utilizando o software de Sistema de Drenagem - SISDRENA. Foram avaliados uma série temporal de cinco anos, com pluviosidade média anual abaixo, próxima e acima da média histórica para a cidade de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. A partir destes anos, realizou-se a estimativa da altura do lençol freático e do fluxo de drenagem para cada um desses períodos, em cada tipo de solo estudado, com texturas Franco-argilosa, Argilosa e Franco-argilo-Siltosa. Foram realizadas simulações com diferentes espaçamentos entre drenos, variando de 10 a 100 m, a uma altura inicial de 0,55 m, para a cultura do milho (Zea mays). Em solos com menor coeficiente de drenagem, ocorre a diminuição do fluxo de drenagem a partir do espaçamento de 20 m. Em períodos chuvosos, com elevada pluviosidade anual, ocorreu uma maior altura do lençol freático para os três tipos de texturas de solos estudados. Palavras-chave: Irrigação; Sisdrena; Infiltração. P. R. F. SAMPAIO1; E. D. FANAYA JÚNIOR1; J. L. DE A. SILVA2; J. H. DE MIRANDA3; S. N. DUARTE3ESTIMATING DRAINAGE FLOW AND WATER TABLE DEPTH FOR YEARS WITH LOW MEDIUM AND HIGH RAINFALL 2 ABSTRACT Excessive water in the soil, due to seasonally or periodically high water table levels, is often the main factor limiting crop yield. Water table depth can indirectly affect plant growth and development, due to adverse moisture, aeration soil and thermal conditions in the soil profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water table depth and the drain flow for five year periods with low, medium and high annual rainfall. The study was conducted using the Drainage System software - SISDRENA. Water table depth and drainage flow were simulated in three soils (Franco-clay, clay and Franco-silty-clay) for each one of these periods. Simulations were performed for maize (Zea mays), with drain spacing ranging from 10 to 100 m and an initial water table height of 0.55 m. In soils with lower drainage coefficient, there was decreased drain flow when the drain spacing exceeded 20m. During rainy periods, with a high annual rainfall rate, the water table was elevated in all three soil types. Keywords: Irrigation; Sisdrena; Infiltration.
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Marie-Jeanne, V., D. Hariri, R. Doucet, and P. A. Signoret. "First Report of Sugarcane mosaic virus on Maize in the Centre Region of France." Plant Disease 95, no. 1 (January 2011): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-10-0426.
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In 2007, sweet corn plants (Zea mays cv. Challenger) with symptoms of mosaic resembling those caused by Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) were observed in production fields in the Centre Region of France. In 10 sweet corn fields surveyed, yield production was decreased by 10 to 20%. Potyvirus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy. Twenty samples from affected plants (cv. Challenger) showing severe mosaic symptoms were tested by ELISA with rabbit polyclonal antibodies to MDMV (Montpellier SupAgro, France) and SCMV (Sugarcane mosaic virus) (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland). For all leaves tested, slight and strong positive reactions were observed for MDMV and SCMV, respectively, indicating that the plants were infected by SCMV. Filtered phosphate buffer extracts of infected leaves of field plants (cv. Challenger) were used to mechanically inoculate leaves of different corn plants at the three-leaf stage. Sweet corn cultivars (Atugan, Challenger, Golda, Max, and Rana) and seed corn cultivars (DK315, DK3152, DKC3420, Marcello, and PR38H20) were tested. Two weeks after inoculation, mosaic symptoms were observed on leaves. The sweet corn cultivars (with the exception of cv. Max) were considerably more sensitive to the virus. Using two lots of 1,000 seeds each (cv. Challenger), a rate of seed transmission was estimated to be 0.5 to 0.6%. Total RNA was extracted from infected leaves of cv. Challenger 3 weeks after mechanical inoculation. To confirm the potyvirus species involved, a short conserved fragment of the coat protein gene was reverse transcribed, PCR amplified and sequenced (3). The sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. HM014060). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis clearly grouped this isolate called SCMV-MFc (Maize France centre) in the ‘Maize’ cluster of SCMV, which consists exclusively of isolates from maize. Nucleotide sequence comparison showed that SCMV-MXVrP, a Mexican isolate (2), and SCMV-P3, a Polish isolate (4), have the two closest sequences (285 identical nucleotides of 286). SCMV-MFc is more distantly related with the described SCMV German isolates (1). This is in contrast to SCMV isolates from the traditional Saccharum officinarum cultivars that can be clustered by geographical origin (1). This result could be a consequence of the possible seed transmission of the maize isolates of SCMV. In the future, it will be interesting to check the occurrence of SCMV-MFc in maize fields to assess its economical importance. References: (1) O. Alegria et al. Arch. Virol. 148:357, 2003. (2) F. Espejel et al. Arch. Virol. 151:409, 2006. (3) V. Marie-Jeanne et al. J. Phytopathol. 148:141, 2000. (4) K. Trzmiel. Plant Dis. 93:1078, 2009.
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Illyés, Boglárka. "L’ambassadeur parisien de la nouvelle musique hongroise, Géza Vilmos Zágon Sa carrière et sa correspondance choisie." Studia Musicologica 58, no. 2 (June 2017): 255–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/6.2017.58.2.7.
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A forgotten figure of the new Hungarian musical movement of the 1910s, Géza Vilmos Zágon (1889–1918) was a talented composer, pianist and music writer. He belonged among those young composers who turned toward French culture instead of the traditional German orientation and searched for new inspiration in Paris. He was, at the same time, one of the few to be personally acquainted with leading personalities of the city’s musical life: letters by Claude Debussy, Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi, Louis Laloy, Émile Vuillermoz and Albert Zunz Mathot have survived in his legacy. During his stay in France between 1912 and 1914, he acted as the representant of the former UMZE (Új Magyar Zene Egyesület, New Hungarian Music Association), and did not only bring attention to himself as a performer of his own works, but was also instrumental in promoting those by Bartók and Kodály. In the present study, I seek to demonstrate that Zágon served as an important liaison for Bartók’s circle with some of the most influential groups of French avant-garde, the Société Musicale Indépendante, as well as Calvocoressi. In an effort to document these important relationships as well as Zágon’s activity, I publish a selection of his correspondence in original language, with French translation provided where appropriate.
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Markuszewska, Aneta. "In the Shadow of the Lost Crown. ‘Oppressed Innocence’ in the Operas Dedicated to Maria Clementina Sobieska in Rome (1720–1730)." Musicology Today 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/muso-2020-0001.
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Abstract As a result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, James II Stuart lost the throne of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He spent the last years of his life in France, in residence offered to his family and court by Louis XIV. Following his death in 1701, the title and claim to the throne of the three kingdoms was inherited by his son James III Stuart, who in 1719 married Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702–1735). James and his wife extended their patronage over one of Rome's major opera houses, the Teatro d’Alibert, at which 16 operas were dedicated to that couple in 1720–1730. Of those 8 that honoured Maria Clementina, 4 (half of them) deal with the topic of ‘oppressed innocence’, previously passed over by scholars studying the couple's patronage. These are: Eumene, (lib. A. Zeno, mus. N. Porpora, 1721), Adelaide, (lib. A. Salvi, mus. N. Porpora, 1723), Siroe, re di Persia, (lib. Metastasio, mus. N. Porpora, 1727), and Artaserse, (lib. Metastasio, mus. L. Vinci, 1730). This paper analyses the said operatic theme and attempts to explain why it is the dominant subject in operas dedicated to Sobieska. It also studies the political and propagandist potential which that theme could have for the Stuart cause.
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Pilecco, V. M., S. Carvalho, L. G. Pellegrini, R. O. Mello, P. S. Pacheco, A. C. R. S. Pellegrin, A. B. Moro, J. F. Lopes, and V. L. Mello. "Carcaça e componentes não carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com caroço de algodão na dieta." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 70, no. 6 (December 2018): 1935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9433.
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RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características de carcaça e dos componentes não carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, com diferentes proporções de caroço de algodão na dieta. Foram utilizados 45 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, da raça Ile de France. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por níveis de inclusão de caroço de algodão na matéria seca (MS) da dieta total (0%; 10%; 20%; 30% ou 40%), sendo a dieta composta por silagem de milho (Zea mays L.), grão de milho triturado (Zea mays L.), farelo de soja (Glycine max L.), caroço de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), calcário calcítico e sal mineral, em proporção de volumoso:concentrado de 40:60. Os animais foram abatidos com peso de abate preestabelecido. O peso de carcaça quente e o peso de carcaça fria, bem como o índice de quebra ao resfriamento, o índice de compacidade, a conformação e o estado de engorduramento da carcaça, não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelo nível de inclusão de caroço de algodão na dieta. As características de rendimento de carcaça quente e rendimento de carcaça fria diminuíram linearmente (P≤0,05) à medida que se incluiu caroço de algodão na dieta. Com relação à medida de espessura de gordura de cobertura, pode-se observar que houve comportamento quadrático crescente e, em relação à variável área de olho de lombo, o comportamento observado foi o linear decrescente. Quanto às proporções dos cortes comerciais da carcaça, o peso de perna diminuiu linearmente (P≤0,05) enquanto a porcentagem de perna foi influenciada de forma quadrática (P≤0,05) pela inclusão de caroço de algodão nas dietas. O trato gastrointestinal cheio e o conteúdo do trato gastrointestinal aumentam linearmente (P≤0,05) com o incremento do nível de inclusão de caroço de algodão na dieta. Algumas das características de carcaça e dos componentes não carcaça tiveram influência negativa da elevação do teor de fibra e de lipídios da dieta à medida que se incluiu caroço de algodão na dieta total.
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Hübner, Cristiano Haetinger, Cleber Cassol Pires, Diego Barcelos Galvani, Sérgio Carvalho, Felipe Jochims, Tatiana Pfüller Wommer, and Bernardo Garziera Gasperin. "Comportamento ingestivo de ovelhas em lactação alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro." Ciência Rural 38, no. 4 (August 2008): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000400027.
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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de dietas com diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) sobre o comportamento ingestivo de ovelhas em lactação. Foram utilizadas 18 ovelhas 5/8 Ile de France 3/8 Texel, confinadas 24 horas após o parto em baias individuais, sendo aleatoriamente distribuídas em três tratamentos: 34, 43 e 52% de FDN na dieta. As dietas, isoproteicas, foram compostas por silagem de milho (Zea mays L.), milho triturado, farelo de soja (Glycine max L.), calcário calcítico, fosfato bicálcico e sal comum, sendo fornecidas ad libitum, duas vezes ao dia, em horários pré-estabelecidos às 8h30min e 16h30min. O comportamento ingestivo dos animais foi determinado mediante apreciação visual. O aumento do nível de FDN na dieta influenciou significativamente os consumos de MS e FDN, a produção de leite e os tempos despendidos em ingestão, ruminação, ócio e mastigação total, que variaram de forma quadrática (P<0,05). As eficiências de ingestão e ruminação de FDN, expressas em g h-1, aumentaram (P<0,05), ao passo que as eficiências de ingestão e ruminação de MS decresceram linearmente (P<0,05) com o incremento do nível de FDN da dieta, sendo necessário maior período de tempo para ingerir e ruminar uma mesma quantidade de alimento. Altos níveis de FDN na dieta podem acarretar depressão do consumo de matéria seca.
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Henry, Monique, and C. A. Dedryver. "Fluctuations in cereal aphid populations on maize (Zea mays) in western France in relation to the epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)." Journal of Applied Entomology 107, no. 1-5 (January 12, 1989): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1989.tb00275.x.
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Smith, J. S. C. "The characterization and assessment of genetic diversity among maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids that are widely grown in France: Chromatographic data and isozymic data." Euphytica 43, no. 1-2 (September 1989): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00037899.
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Silva, Pedro Luan Ferreira da, Flávio Pereira de Oliveira, Adriana Ferreira Martins, Walter Esfrain Pereira, Danillo Dutra Tavares, André Julio do Amaral, and Alison José da Silva. "Saúde do solo de um Planossolo sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta através de análise multivariada." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): e2929119835. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9835.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a saúde de um solo sob sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta através da análise multivariada dos atributos físicos, químicos e físico-hídricos do solo. O experimento foi implantado em um Planossolo Háplico de textura franco-arenosa no município de Alagoinha/PB, sob os seguintes consórcios em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados: i) Br. decumbens + Gliricidia sepium (BG); ii) Br. decumbens + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (BS); iii) Br. decumbens + Tabebuia alba (BI); iv) Br. decumbens + Zea mays (LA); v) Brachiaria decumbens (BD). Amostras (indeformadas e deformadas) de solo foram coletadas para avaliar propriedades físicas, físico-hídricas e químicas do solo nas camadas de 0,0-0,1; 0,1-0,2 e 0,2-0,3 m. As médias foram analisadas através da análise de componentes principais e correlação de Pearson (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram que o Lavoura anual conseguiu agrupar o maior número de propriedades relacionadas à qualidade estrutural do solo. A densidade do solo apresentou correlações positivas e negativas com a maioria das propriedades físicas analisadas. Em relação as propriedades químicas, detectou-se maior agrupamento nos sistemas LA e BG na camada de 0-0,1 cm. Conclui-se que a análise multivariada é uma opção viável para avaliação da saúde do solo, por agrupar o maior número de propriedades possíveis dentro do sistema de manejo mais predominante.
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CASA, R., F. CASTALDI, S. PASCUCCI, and S. PIGNATTI. "Chlorophyll estimation in field crops: an assessment of handheld leaf meters and spectral reflectance measurements." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 5 (July 18, 2014): 876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000483.
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SUMMARYThe widespread adoption by agronomists and researchers of handheld leaf chlorophyll meters stimulates enquiries on instrumental calibration issues, given the necessity, for some applications, of inferring actual chlorophyll concentrations from the readings provided. This is especially required for recently developed and more innovative devices such as the Dualex (Force-A, France), which unlike the more common SPAD-502 (Minolta, Japan) has not undergone extensive (published) calibration tests. Additionally, devices for spectral reflectance measurements are also becoming increasingly available. In the present paper, the calibration of SPAD on maize (Zea mays L.) and of Dualex on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), horse bean (Vicia faba L.) and maize, was compared to spectral reflectance indices and full spectral information (400–2500 nm) acquired by a spectroradiometer (ASD FieldSpec) equipped with a contact probe and leaf clip. Full spectral data were exploited using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The measurements were performed in the field at Maccarese (Central Italy) in 2012, gathering a specific experimental dataset. The calibration models obtained on experimental data for SPAD (on maize) and Dualex (on four crops) showed intermediate or high estimation accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) values ranging between 7 and 11 μg/cm2 depending on the species. These results were slightly better than those achieved using spectral reflectance indices, which were inferior though to those provided by PLSR using full spectral resolution. A synthetic database, generated by the physically based PROSPECT model, simulating hemispherical leaf reflectance and transmittance, was used to compare the performances of the reflectance indices and the chlorophyll meters for a wider range of leaf properties. The results confirmed the substantial equivalence of reflectance-based and transmittance-based (i.e. simulated SPAD and Dualex) indices and the advantage of exploiting the full spectral information, e.g. through PLSR, if available.
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Hernández-Campos, Reinier, Celerino Robles, and Andrés Calderín García. "EFECTO DE ÁCIDOS HÚMICOS EN EL CRECIMIENTO VEGETAL Y LA PROTECCIÓN CONTRA EL ESTRÉS HÍDRICO EN POBLACIONES SELECCIONADAS DE MAÍZ NATIVO DE MÉXICO." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 44, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.4.561.
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Las sustancias húmicas estimulan el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, induciendo la regulación oxidativa a nivel celular en su interacción con la superficie radical. Esto promueve un estado de “eustrés” que resulta en un crecimiento radical y protección de las plantas contra el estrés abiótico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de ácidos húmicos (HA) en las fases de germinación y vegetativa, con y sin estrés hídrico inducido por suspensión de riego, en poblaciones seleccionadas de maíz (Zea mays L.) nativas de regiones con incidencia de sequía en Oaxaca, México. El suelo utilizado tuvo un valor de pH neutro, textura franco arenosa y bajo contenido de materia orgánica. Los HA inicialmente retrasaron la germinación de las semillas de maíz; posteriormente, se registró una estimulación en las concentraciones más altas. La población Cuilapam mostró la mejor respuesta a la aplicación de HA en esta fase. En la fase vegetativa V7, los HA estimularon el crecimiento de las plantas, promoviendo valores más altos en altura de planta, número de raíces y producción de biomasa de raíces y brotes, y atenuaron el efecto del déficit hídrico en las tres poblaciones de maíz. La magnitud de la respuesta estuvo en función de la población de maíz y la concentración de HA aplicada. La aplicación de HA disminuyó los efectos adversos provocados por el estrés hídrico inducido al promover parámetros de crecimiento y contenido total de proteínas en las tres poblaciones de maíz.
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Acre, Fernanda, and Annemie Wyckmans. "The impact of dwelling renovation on spatial quality." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 3 (November 16, 2015): 268–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-05-2015-0008.
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Purpose – Non-technical dimensions such as spatial quality are just as relevant for energy efficiency as technical and economic dimensions in the renovation of dwellings. However, the significance of non-technical dimensions is often neglected in the energy renovation of dwellings. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the renovation of dwellings for energy efficiency influences spatial quality in the MS-1 building in the neighbourhood of Arlequin, Grenoble, France. The Arlequin case study is part of the ZenN project, nearly zero energy neighbourhoods, funded by the European 7th Framework Programme (Grant Agreement No. 314363). Design/methodology/approach – The impact of the renovation on spatial quality is analysed by crossing technical measures, applied in the energy renovation of dwellings with the definition of spatial quality proposed by Acre and Wyckmans (2014). The spatial quality definition results from a literature review on quality of design and urban life, wherein works of Weber (1995) and Gehl (2010, 2011) are related to the residential use in the scales of the building and block. The impact of renovation on spatial quality is further evaluated by using the spatial quality assessment developed by Acre and Wyckmans (2015). The impact on spatial quality is observed by considering all the renovation measures, instead of only considering the measures primarily related to energy performance. This emphasises the need for a cross-disciplinary approach between technical and non-technical dimensions in the energy renovation of dwellings. Findings – The results display both negative and positive impacts of the energy renovation on spatial quality in the dwellings and emphasise the potential of non-technical dimensions in promoting renovation. The impact on spatial quality is primarily negative when only measures adopted in order to improve energy efficiency are considered in the evaluation. Originality/value – This paper consists of a novel crossing of technical and non-technical dimensions in energy renovation of dwellings. The work aligns with the current European trend of nurturing energy-deep renovation to reach Europe’s 2050 energy-efficiency targets (Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE) 2011).
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Ríos, Miguel Jerónimo, Jorge Gómez-Martínez, Ricardo Eliezer Bolaños Aguilar, and Carlos José Gutiérrez Matamoros. "Fertilización sintética y orgánica y su efecto en la producción de maíz, variedad Nutrinta Amarillo." La Calera 19, no. 32 (June 5, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v19i32.8439.
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En Nicaragua el maíz (Zea mays L.) ocupa un lugar importante en la economía, siendo considerado el producto de mayor consumo en la alimentación humana. Con este estudio se pretende generar información necesaria acerca de nuevas fórmulas de fertilizantes (Nitro xtend y Fertimaíz) respondiendo a la problemática de los agricultores en sus bajos rendimientos. El trabajo de investigación fue realizado en el centro de experimentación y validación de tecnología (CEVT) Las Mercedes, ubicado en el km 11 Carretera Norte, Managua, Nicaragua y entre las coordenadas geográficas de 12°10’14” y 12°08’05” de latitud Norte y 86°10’22” y 86°09’44” de longitud Oeste a una altura de 56 msnm. Se realizó durante los meses de octubre 2015 a enero 2016. Los suelos de esta zona son derivados de cenizas volcánicas, de la serie Las Mercedes, de textura franco arcillosa. El objetivo fue comparar el efecto que tiene las fuentes de fertilizantes sintéticos y orgánicos sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz. Se estableció en arreglo unifactorial en diseño de bloques completo al azar con cuatro repeticiones y tres tratamientos, distribuidos de la siguiente forma: el tratamiento uno corresponde a la apliación de fertilizante tradicional (12-30-10 más urea), el segundo tratamiento fue fertilizante especial (Fertimaiz y Nitro xtend) y el tercer tratamiento corresponde a un orgánico (humus de lombriz). La dimensión del ensayo fue de 410.8m2. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa INFOSTAT y los resultados indican diferencia significativa en la variable: diámetro del tallo (2.15 cm), altura de inserción de la espiga (225.08 cm), presentando el tratamiento tradicional los mejores resultados; las variables, altura de planta (215.43 m), numero de hojas (8.58), área foliar (604.06 cm2). Inserción de la espiga (129.77 cm), rendimiento (3 453.48 kg ha-1) los mejores resultados se reflejaron al fertilizar con Fertimaiz y Nitro Xtend
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Tremblay, Nicolas, Edith Fallon, and Noura Ziadi. "Sensing of Crop Nitrogen Status: Opportunities, Tools, Limitations, and Supporting Information Requirements." HortTechnology 21, no. 3 (June 2011): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.3.274.
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Diagnosing nitrogen (N) sufficiency in crops is used to help insure more effective management of N fertilizer application, and several indicators have been proposed to this end. The N nutrition index (NNI) offers a reliable measurement, but it is relatively difficult to determine. This index is based on the relationship between plant tissue N concentration and the biomass of the plant's aerial parts. However, a good estimate of the NNI should be obtained by nondestructive methods that can be carried out quickly. Although dependent on sites, chlorophyll meter (CM) measurements have been correlated with the NNI in corn (Zea mays). Since chlorophyll can be estimated through remote sensing, the possibility of quickly obtaining measurements for large surface areas points to practical applications for precision agriculture. When combined with the mapping of soil properties such as apparent electrical conductivity (EC), elevation and slope, such chlorophyll measurements make it possible to derive N fertilization recommendations by taking into account natural variations in the soil. Recently, an instrument called the Dualex (FORCE-A, Orsay, France) is marketed, which uses measurement methods based on the fluorescent properties of plant tissues. It is similar to the CM in terms of its operating principle but it measures polyphenolics (Phen), compounds that accumulate in the epidermis of leaves under N stress. Epidermal transmittance to ultraviolet light is assessed by the fluorescence excitation ratio F(ultraviolet)/F(REF), where F(ultraviolet) is the fluorescence excitation detected following ultraviolet excitation, and F(REF) is the fluorescence detected on excitation at a reference wavelength, not absorbed by the epidermis. Although the Dualex generally did not identify more differences among treatments than the CM in our studies on wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn, and broccoli (Brassica oleracea ssp. italica), combining the two measurements in a chlorophyll/Phen ratio improved the relationships with crop N nutrition status appreciably. This ratio can also be estimated by remote sensing techniques. The NNI on its own does not constitute an economically optimal recommendation for N fertilizer [economically optimal N rate (EONR)]. The EONR is the N rate at which profit is greatest. Work is currently being done to use overfertilized reference plots for this purpose and to permit an improved correlation between the indicator (NNI or chlorophyll) and EONR.
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Stone, Glenn Davis. "Brave New Seeds: The Threat of GM Crops to Farmers, by Robert Ali Brac de la Perriere, and Franck Seuret. London: Zed Books (2000). Reviewed by Glenn Davis Stone." Journal of Political Ecology 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2001): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v8i1.21630.
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Crous, P. W., M. J. Wingfield, L. Lombard, F. Roets, W. J. Swart, P. Alvarado, A. J. Carnegie, et al. "Fungal Planet description sheets: 951–1041." Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 43, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 223–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.43.06.
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Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense fromanunidentifiedmarinesponge. Argentina , Geastrum wrightii onhumusinmixedforest. Australia , Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera, Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.)on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles , Lactifluus guanensis onsoil. Canada , Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna fromcarbonatiteinKarstcave. Colombia , Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Costa Rica, Psathyrella pivae onwood. Cyprus , Clavulina iris oncalcareoussubstrate. France , Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis onsoil. French West Indies , Helminthosphaeria hispidissima ondeadwood. Guatemala , Talaromyces guatemalensis insoil. Malaysia , Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotra- cylla gen. nov.)and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii. New Zealand, Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera, Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan , Russula quercus-floribundae onforestfloor. Portugal , Trichoderma aestuarinum from salinewater. Russia , Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduouswoodorsoil. South Africa , Alloconiothyrium encephalarti, Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.)onleavesof Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis× urophylla, Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis, Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme , Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.)onleaflitterof Eugenia capensis , Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi , Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.)onleavesof Nephrolepis exaltata , Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa , Harzia metro sideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopota- myces gen. nov.)onleavesof Phragmites australis , Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea , Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla , Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata , Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai , Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.)onleafspotsof
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Silva, V. R., D. J. Reinert, and J. M. Reichert. "Densidade do solo, atributos químicos e sistema radicular do milho afetados pelo pastejo e manejo do solo." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 24, no. 1 (March 2000): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832000000100021.
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A integração lavoura-pecuária é uma alternativa de renda dos produtores no sul do Brasil. Entretanto, o pisoteio animal e, ou, o preparo de solo podem compactá-lo, prejudicando o crescimento radicular e a produtividade das plantas. Estudaram-se os efeitos do pisoteio animal em regime de pastejo contínuo durante o inverno/primavera e do impacto do plantio direto e do preparo convencional de solo no estado de compactação, atributos químicos e distribuição radicular. Em Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo de textura superficial franca, foi implantada uma pastagem de estação fria composta por aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum L.). A carga animal variou conforme o crescimento da pastagem. Em dezembro de 1996, foi implantada a cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) para a produção de silagem, usando os seguintes tratamentos: plantio direto na área não pastejada, plantio direto após o pastejo, preparo convencional de solo na área não pastejada e preparo convencional de solo após pastejo. As avaliações apresentadas neste estudo são referentes ao terceiro ano de cultivo, no qual houve um período de pastejo de 107 dias. Aos 45 dias da emergência do milho, foram abertas trincheiras (100 x 40 cm) para visualizar a distribuição do sistema radicular e coletar amostras de solo, a cada 5 cm, para caracterização química e determinação da densidade do solo e de raízes. Ao longo do perfil (0-40 cm), o desenho da distribuição de raízes indicou maior quantidade de raízes no preparo convencional de solo, concordando com os resultados de densidade de raízes. O pisoteio animal não teve efeito sobre as características físicas, possivelmente pelo fato de o resíduo da pastagem permanecer próximo a 1,0 Mg ha-1 de matéria seca. A densidade do solo no plantio direto, na camada de 5-10 cm, foi de 1,41 Mg m-3, tanto na área pastejada como na não pastejada. No preparo convencional de solo, esses valores foram de 1,15 Mg m-3, na área pastejada e de 1,12 Mg m-3, na área não pastejada. A produtividade de grãos de milho (4,55 Mg ha-1) e de silagem (34,66 Mg ha-1) não foi afetada pelo pastejo ou pelo preparo do solo. O sistema de manejo do solo teve maior influência na densidade do solo do que o pisoteio animal, considerando o controle da carga animal ajustado ao crescimento da pastagem.
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López-Robles, J., P. García-Benavides, and G. Sacristán-Pérez-Minayo. "First Report of Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Corn in Western Spain." Plant Disease 97, no. 5 (May 2013): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-12-0674-pdn.
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During the 2009 to 2010 corn-growing (Zea mays L. cv. Alexandria) seasons, severely stunted and yellowing corn plants in several commercial fields at Aldearrubia (Salamanca Province) were observed in western Spain. The disease incidence ranged from 80 to 100%. Early symptoms consisted of severely reduced growth of the plants coupled with extensive leaf yellowing. Occurrence of the disease was estimated to cause near complete loss of the crop yields since the corn produced in affected fields was unmarketable. Disease surveys revealed high parasitism in the main and feeder roots and a large soil population of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. The nematode population was extracted and quantified from soil and root samples according to Barker (1). It was identified as the southern root-knot nematode M. incognita race 1, by female perineal pattern, host-differential test, and multiplex PCR using forward primers H-18S, CF-ITS, I-ITS, and reverse primer HCFI-28S (3,4). ITS products cloned and assayed using the ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Salamanca, Spain) were subjected to a database search using BLAST (National Centre for Biotechnology Information) to confirm the identification. These sequences exhibited 99.0% similarity with that of an M. incognita isolate from France (GenBank Accession No. AF402309.1). M. incognita was found in 80% of soil samples collected from the areas where the disease was observed and 83.5% of root samples with nematode population densities ranging from 26 to 269 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2s) per 100 cm3 of soil and 234 to 1,634 eggs and J2s per 5 g of fresh roots. In glasshouse proofs of pathogenicity, a mix of 1,500 eggs and J2s of these populations of M. incognita were inoculated in 20-cm-diameter pots with 10 replicates with a single pregerminated seed of corn cv. Alexandria as host plant; another 10 replicates without inoculation were established as control plants. After 6 weeks, all plants inoculated were severely stunted and yellowing; infected roots showed galls on root tips and secondary feeder roots. Galling of root tips that cause stubby root symptoms prevented further root growth into deeper soil layers and induced proliferation of secondary roots, which confirmed the nematodes' pathogenicity. The severe infections in roots of corn plants suggest that parasitism of corn roots by the root-knot nematode must contribute to stunting, yellowing, and decline of corn, reducing yield by restricting access to water and nutrients that are needed for plant growth and development, and can result in the death of younger plants as previously reported (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita infecting corn in Spain. References: (1) K. R. Barker. Nematode extraction and bioassays. Page 19 in: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Vol. II, Methodology. K. R. Barker et al., eds. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, 1985. (2) T. P. Heffes et al. Nematropica 22:139, 1992. (3) L. Robertson et al. Crop Prot. 25:440, 2006. (4) C. Zijlstra. Fund. Appl. Nematol. 20:505, 1997.