Academic literature on the topic 'France Strategic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "France Strategic aspects"
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Chalmers, Anna. "Strategie Management in Eleven National Libraries: A Report on a Research Study." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 9, no. 2 (August 1997): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909700900202.
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In 1996 the national libraries of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK and the USA took part in a study of their experiences with strategic management. A literature review had identified 15 key aspects of strategic management. Respondents were asked their views of the importance of each aspect, and how satisfied they were with the library's achievement of it. In every case the importance attached to the aspect was greater than the library's satisfaction with achievement. Each library was also asked to nominate from a checklist the reason or reasons why it had produced its first strategic document. The centrality of the digital information environment to the core functions of national libraries has been highlighted by the study.
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Berna, Ioana-Bianca. "Diplomația culturală şi re-clasarea relațiilor culturale România-Franța / Cultural Diplomacy and the Re-shaping of the Romanian-France Cultural Relations." Hiperboreea A2, no. 3-6 (January 1, 2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.2.3-6.0054.
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Abstract Cultural diplomacy has lesser aspects of monolithical sustainability, but it can have stronger gist production. Romania and France have always rebounded their relations in the court of cultural relations. Throughout this article, we will try to emphasize the sequel and tenor of cultural diplomacy in foreign policy and the sorts and medium it can have for solidarity rendering. Further, we will use these explanations in order to accent its proper usability in contemporary France-Romanian relations. We contend that the relaunching of the strategic partneship between Romania and France, opens new chances of predisposition for the avenues of cultural diplomacy. We will commence with the timely nearness between Romania and France in the last century and then, proceed with the lines of approach of cultural diplomacy in Romanian-France contemporary foreign policy affairs.
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Arbatov, A. "Is Transition to Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament Possible?" World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2013): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-3-13-18.
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The article treats political, military and strategic aspects of disarmament process, in particular the involvement of nations other than USA and Russia. The author briefly analyses the positions of the European nations (United Kingdom and France), China, India and Pakistan on the issue. Also, the article covers the approaches of the informal and non-recognized nuclear states (North Korea and Israel).
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Magadeev, I. E. "Business or Security? Goals and Decision-Making Inside the French Oil Policy of the 1920s." MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-1-82-38-59.
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The article aims to explore the interplay between economic and strategic reasons, which influenced the oil policy of the French government and business in the 1920s. The author demonstrates the heterogeneity and complexity of this policy the diverse nature of motives and interests behind the different attempts to acquire access to the oil. The French case throws some new light on the role of the “oil factor” in international relations and Great Powers’ politics. The article comprehensively deals with the topics often divided between different fields strategic studies, international political economy, diplomatic history. The author uses French archives to place Paris’ oil policy into the broader context of the French strategy and diplomacy in the first decade after WWI. Additional documents from the British and Russian archives help understand essential aspects of the Anglo-French and FrancoSoviet interactions around the “oil question.” After underlying the new strategic importance of oil, which became evident during WWI, and describing the oil dependence of France from the Anglo-American trusts (“Standard Oil” and “Royal Dutch-Shell”), the author traces the three key aims of the French oil policy. First, to diversify the supplies; second, to acquire control or direct access to the oil sources; and, finally, to consolidate the French business interests with the mediation of the state authorities. French actions in these three directions were interlinked, and they mirrored a specific situation of power and weakness of France after WWI. The article concludes that the strategic and economic reasons were interwoven inside the French oil policy. Though the French authorities perceived the growing strategic importance of oil sharply, they were not prepared to follow the clear étatist economic policy and did not try to make a radical change of the established rules of oil policy both inside the Third Republic and in the relations with “Standard Oil” and “Royal Dutch-Shell.”
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Veloso, Fernanda M. L., Isaline Gravaud, Frédéric A. Mathurin, and Sabrine Ben Rhouma. "Planning a Notable CCS Pilot-Scale Project: A Case Study in France, Paris Basin—Ile-de-France." Clean Technologies 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 458–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4020028.
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Few commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects are currently operating in the world, with almost all in the USA and China. Despite a high number of CCS pilot-scale projects achieved in Europe, only two commercial-scale projects are operating today. The goal of this study is to present a case study in France to select a promising location to deploy a notable CCS pilot-scale project based on a multicriteria regional-scale approach. The methodology applied in this case study describes and assesses different aspects involved in CCS technology at the regional scale, and then an evaluation of economic key performance indicators (KPI) of CCS is carried out. The assessment at the regional scale gives an overview of where CCS could be applied, when CCS could be deployed and how to launch CCS considering the needs and concerns of stakeholders in the region. Technical aspects were mapped, such as the location of irreducible CO2 sources and long-lasting emissions and the location of storage resources and existing potential transport infrastructures. We identified the waste-to-energy and chemical sectors as the main CO2 sources in the region. An economic analysis of a hypothetical scenario of CCS deployment was elaborated considering three of the higher emitters in the region. A CCS scenario in the Paris Basin region with a deployment between 2027 and 2050 indicates a low CO2 cost per ton avoided between 43 EUR/t and 70 EUR/t for a cumulated total of 25 Mt and 16 Mt, respectively, of CO2 captured and stored for 26 years, including 7.7 Mt of CO2 from biomass (potential negative emissions). Storage maturity and availability of the resource are the most uncertain parameters of the scenario, although they are the key elements to push investment in capture facilities and transport. Geological storage pilot projects are mandatory to prove storage resource and should be located in strategic locations close to potential CO2 sources in case of confirmation of proven resources. Well-perceived pilot-scale projects are the first step to start engaging in deciding and investing in commercial-scale CCS projects.
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Voghera, Angioletta, and Benedetta Giudice. "Evaluating and Planning Green Infrastructure: A Strategic Perspective for Sustainability and Resilience." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 2726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102726.
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In the light of the current changing global scenarios, green infrastructure is obtaining increasing relevance in planning policies, especially due to its ecological, environmental and social components which contribute to pursuing sustainable and resilient planning and designing of cities and territories. The issue of green infrastructure is framed within the conceptual contexts of sustainability and resilience, which are described through the analysis of their common aspects and differences with a particular focus on planning elements. In particular, the paper uses two distinct case studies of green infrastructure as representative: the green infrastructure of the Region Languedoc-Roussillon in France and the one of the Province of Turin in Italy. The analysis of two case studies focuses on the evaluation process carried on about the social-ecological system and describes the methodologies and the social-ecological indicators used to define the green infrastructure network. We related these indicators to their possible contribution to the measurement of sustainability and resilience. The analysis of this relationship led us to outline some conclusive considerations on the complex role of the design of green infrastructure with reference to sustainability and resilience.
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Pailleux, Jean, Jean Coiffier, Philippe Courtier, and Emmanuel Legrand. "La naissance du projet Arpège-IFS à Météo-France et au CEPMMT." La Météorologie, no. 112 (2021): 035. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0017.
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À Météo-France, la décennie 1985-1995 a vu une profonde transformation de la prévision numérique du temps (PNT) qui a d'abord conduit au remplacement des modèles de prévision opérationnels Émeraude et Péridot par Arpège et Aladin. Dans la même période, un vaste programme de recherche et de développement a été lancé conjointement avec le CEPMMT concernant l'initialisation des modèles par des techniques d'assimilation de données dites « variationnelles ». Cette période a été aussi marquée par un virage vers beaucoup plus de coopération entre institutions travaillant sur la PNT dans les différents pays européens. Jean-François Geleyn s'est trouvé en première ligne de cette profonde transformation, toujours impliqué dans les décisions stratégiques, mais aussi souvent impliqué comme expert dans les études et développements touchant plusieurs aspects scientifiques. At Météo-France, the 1985-1995 decade was marked by a complete transformation of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) which led first to the replacement of the operational models Émeraude and Péridot by Arpège and Aladin. In the same period, a large research and development programme was initiated jointly with ECMWF on model initialisation through so-called 'variational' assimilation techniques. This period was also marked by an important change towards closer cooperation between the different institutions working on NWP in European countries. Jean-François Geleyn was instrumental in this complete transformation of NWP. He was always involved in the strategic decisions, but also as an expert in the studies and developments on several scientific aspects.
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BADEL, LAURENCE. "France's Renewed Commitment to Commercial Diplomacy in the 1960s." Contemporary European History 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000543.
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AbstractThe political and strategic aspects of General de Gaulle's policies, his grandeur rhetoric and his hostility to European integration have between them taken up the attention of historians. It has therefore been overlooked that the 1960s were a period of unprecedented mobilisation by the French state in the promotion of French exports. This policy is not only due to the history of commercial diplomacy. The senior civil servants in charge of this process were interested not only in selling but also in creating a fundamental change to the perception of France by those abroad. It was a keen fight, involving not only official and semi-official bodies, but also private enterprise, who together furthered the neo-corporatist programme of the French state.
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Sanzharov, Valery A. "Financial, Military, and Logistic Aspects of the Preparation for the English Invasion of France in 1415." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 24, no. 1 (2022): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.1.005.
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This article considers the organisational component of the preparation of the English invasion of France in 1415. The army of Henry V was one of the largest during the entire Hundred Years War. The development of raising whole armies, rather than merely minor, “non-royal”, expeditions, by contracting for indentured retinues should be seen as primarily an evolutionary consequence of the need to plan and manage the increased scale and duration of continental wars. The three central points to mobilisation are the recognised and necessary authority of the king, the strategic planning role of the council, and the function of the chancery in communicating administrative instructions. Both modern researchers and chroniclers are forced to determine the purpose of the invasion relying on the subsequent actions of the king and his army; until the last moment, the king kept even the place of the upcoming landing secret. The paper analyses the principles of acquisition of the expeditionary military contingent: the influence of the king’s personal participation on the composition, organisational structure, and recruiting of troops (a combination of direct recruitment and indentured retinues). It is emphasised that almost all the highest nobility of the kingdom was involved in the royal army. A significant number of military retinues (and captains) are noted as a distinctive feature of the army in 1415. The article also analyses the financing of the campaign and the sources of payment for military service (direct and indirect taxes, loans, and pleading of the crown jewels). The author examines the organisation of the supply and logistic aspects of the upcoming military expedition to the continent, i.e. the preparation and provision of weapons (including siege equipment), horses and vehicles, provisions and fodder, the principles of collecting ships and their number, payment for ships and crews, the place / mooring of the fleet, and features of landing.
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Arzamanova, Tatiana. "SOME ASPECTS OF GERMAN STRATEGIC PLANNING IN INDO-PACIFIC REGION FACING THE RETURN OF GREAT POWER RIVALRY." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 4 (2022): 258–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.04.11.
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At least in the medium term, the matrix of international relations will be determined not only by the emerging global «geopolitical rift», such as tensions between the United States and China, but also by the return of competition between the great powers. At the same time, the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR) inevitably becomes the main arena for the global confrontation between the United States and China for the opportunity to influence the reformatting of the world order. For the ITR, the growing tension in the South China Sea, the issue of non-proliferation of nuclear and other types of WMD are becoming increasingly important, while the competition of interests of the most important players (USA - China, China - India) in this region generates new security risks and challenges. As a major export trading power, Germany is not going to be limited to the role of an additional player in the region, the economic and geopolitical importance of which is steadily growing, especially given that conflicts in the ITR can threaten the most important trade and transport arteries linking Europe with Asia and Africa. Berlin’s goal is to expand Germany’s presence in the Indo-Pacific, relying on intra-regional cooperation, because the consolidation of the «bipolar structures» of the United States and China in the region is one of the main risks for other major players, as the confrontation between Washington and Beijing could take the form of a proxy war, destroying global supply chains. The strategic planning of the FRG in the ITR, in contrast to the similar strategy of the United States, does not have a pronounced anti-Chinese orientation, although it is aimed, in fact, at «containment» of China. Moreover, a more balanced policy of Germany and its European allies (primarily France) in the region, based on the search for a balance of interests, could contribute to a softer structuring of zones of influence in the ITR with an emphasis on a multilateral approach.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "France Strategic aspects"
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Foucrier, Jean-Charles. "Le Transportation Plan, aspects et représentations : une histoire des bombardements aériens alliés sur la France en 1944." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040158.
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Au printemps 1944, les bombardements aériens alliés sur la France atteignent leur intensité maximale depuis le début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Près de deux années après les grands tournants de l’année 1942, la situation militaire est à présent largement en faveur des Alliés. La défaite finale du Troisième Reich semble désormais inéluctable. La préparation d’Overlord, le retour en force à grande échelle sur le continent européen, se heurte à des difficultés stratégiques et techniques inédites. Un scientifique peu connu, Solly Zuckerman, brillant zoologiste mais aussi civil inconnu des cercles militaires, réussit à persuader le haut-commandement allié de l’intérêt de son plan aérien. Son Transportation Plan se propose de frapper décisivement le système ferroviaire français, de manière à bouleverser le flux de renforts ennemis vers la tête de pont alliée lors de l’exécution du débarquement. Audacieux par son innovation stratégique, risqué par la menace évidente pesant sur les civils français, le plan de Zuckerman se heurte immédiatement à la susceptibilité des grands chefs du bombardement stratégique, engagés dans une campagne aérienne presque « privée » sur l’Allemagne. La question des pertes civiles secoue brutalement les milieux politiques avec notamment Winston Churchill, et remonte in fine jusqu’à Franklin Roosevelt. Méconnu de l’historiographie, le Transportation Plan représente pourtant une histoire fascinante de la préparation du débarquement de NormandieIn spring 1944, Allied bombing of France was to reach its maximum intensity since the beginning of World War II. Nearly two years after the great turning points in 1942, the military situation was now largely in favour of the Allies. The final defeat of the Third Reich now appeared inevitable. The preparation of OVERLORD, the renewed application of large-scale power on the European continent, faced strategic challenges and required novel techniques. A little-known scientist, Solly Zuckerman, a brilliant zoologist but also a civilian unknown in military circles, persuaded the Allied high command of the validity of his air plan. This “Transportation Plan” proposed to strike decisively at the French railway system in order to disrupt the flow of enemy reinforcements to the Allied beachhead during the landings. Daring by strategic innovation, risky by the obvious threat to French civilians, Zuckerman's plan ran immediately into the hostile scrutiny of the great chiefs of strategic bombing, who were engaged in their almost "private" air campaign against Germany. The issue of civilian casualties brutally shook politicians including Winston Churchill, and ultimately went back to Franklin Roosevelt. Unknown in historiography, the “Transportation Plan” represents a fascinating history of the preparation of the Normandy landings
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Manto, Jonte Justine Juliette. "Déterminants sociocognitifs des comportements de recherche d'emploi chez les diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur : comparaison France-Cameroun." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH001/document.
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Quels sont les mécanismes motivationnels et cognitifs qui soutiennent les stratégies de recherche d'emploi mises en œuvre par les diplômés du supérieur ? Telle est la question qui fonde les analyses effectuées dans cette thèse. Les développements y relatifs s'articulent sur trois niveaux imbriqués. Le premier examine la relation entre les dimensions mises en évidence par la théorie sociale cognitive de la carrière (TSCC) (Lent, Hackett et Brown, 1994), et la performance en recherche d'emploi. Le second a pour objectif d'introduire les stratégies d'autorégulation (STARE) en vue d'analyser dans quelle mesure elles peuvent médiatiser la relation entre le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle (SEP), l'objectif professionnel (OPRO), le projet professionnel (PPRO), les difficultés perçues (DIFF) et la performance. Enfin, ces deux premiers niveaux d'analyse se justifient par le besoin d'appréhender les mécanismes motivationnels et cognitifs auxquels se greffent les facteurs contextuels et sous-tendent les dynamiques de recherche d'emploi. La configuration actuelle du marché du travail rend de plus en plus saillante une évidence : le processus d'insertion professionnel n'est pas linéaire et, même à parcours de formation égal, les diplômés ne sont pas égaux face aux difficultés marquant l'accès à l'emploi. En s'appuyant sur un échantillon de 50 curriculum vitae (CV) de demandeurs d'emploi (étude 1), deux échantillons de 410 salariés (étude 2) et 384 sans emploi (étude 3), tous diplômés du supérieur, cette recherche conduite au Cameroun et en France montre d'une part que les variables d'intention ou les attentes de résultats et le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle sont de bons prédicteurs de performance, conformément à la littérature internationale sur la TSCC. D'autre part, l'examen des liens entre les dimensions suscitées et la performance en recherche d'emploi, par le biais de médiations simples, multiples et modérées, montre que les stratégies d'autorégulation introduites dans le modèle TSCC constituent un médiateur significatif de l'effet de l'ensemble des variables sur la réussite des salariés, de l'objectif professionnel et du projet professionnel sur le devenir des sans emploi, et du sentiment d'efficacité personnelle uniquement lorsqu'on procède à une analyse différenciée selon le sexe. En conclusion, les résultats suggèrent que contrairement aux logiques et parcours de recherche d'emploi traditionnels établis, la configuration actuelle du marché du travail impulserait de nouvelles formes d'organisation et d'ajustement chez les acteurs qui y évoluentWhat are the motivational and cognitive mechanisms that support job search strategies implemented by the graduates? This question is the base of the analyses carried out in this thesis work. The related developments are based on three nested levels. The first one examines the relationship between dimensions highlighted by the social cognitive theory of career (TSCC) (Lent, Brown and Hackett, 1994), and performance in job search. The second objective introduce self-regulation strategies (STARE) in order to analyze to what extent they can mediate the relationship between self-efficacy (SEP), career objective (OPRO), professional project (PPRO), perceived difficulties (DIFF) and performance. Finally, the first two levels of analysis are justified by the need to understand the motivational and cognitive mechanisms associated to contextual factors and underly dynamics of job search. The current labour market setup increases the relevance of obviousness: professional insertion process is not linear and even with same training courses, graduates are not equals face to difficulties regarding employment access. Based on a sample of 50 curricula vitae (CV) of job seekers (Study 1), two samples of 410 employees (study 2) and 384 job seekers (study 3), all of them graduates, the research carried out both in Cameroon and France shows on one side that the variables of intent or outcome expectations and self-efficacy are good predictors of performance, in accordance with the international literature on the TSCC. On the other side, relationship analysis between these dimensions and performance aroused in job search through simple, multiple and moderate mediations, shows that self-regulation strategies introduced in the TSCC model constitute a significant mediator of the effect of all variables on the employees success, the professional goal and the professional project on the future of job seekers, and of self-efficacy solely when performing an analysis differentiated by gender. To end with, the results suggest that contrary to established logic and traditional path of job search, the current configuration of the labor market would boost new forms of organization and adjustment among actors who evolve in this sector
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Hannachi, Nawel. "Trouble du Stress Post-Traumatique suite à l’accouchement : impact sur le bonding mère-enfant. Etude multiculturelle franco-tunisienne." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0327.
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L’accouchement peut être vécu comme un évènement traumatique par la mère. Cet évènement peut être associé à l’expression d’un Trouble de Stress Post-Traumatique (TSPT) dans la période postnatale, mais cela a-t-il des répercussions sur le développement du bonding maternel ? Quels sont les facteurs associés au TSPT postnatal et à l’altération du bonding maternel ? Existent-elles des différences dans les facteurs de risques liés au TSPT et à l’altération du bonding maternel entre deux populations issues de deux cultures différentes ? Pour répondre à ces interrogations, 646 femmes françaises et tunisiennes ont été sollicités au cours du troisième trimestre de grossesse. Parmi ces femmes, 284 ont été contacté deux mois après l’accouchement et 190 ont été rappelé à six mois post-partum. Cette étude a permis d’adapter et de valider une échelle de stratégie de coping sur la population tunisienne et de construire et de valider une échelle spécifique au TSPT en lien avec l’accouchement, suivant les nouveaux critères diagnostiques du DSM 5, auprès de femmes françaises et tunisiennes. Les résultats de ce travail ont montré qu’à deux mois après l’accouchement, 5,2% des femmes françaises et 16,5% des femmes tunisiennes présentaient un TSPT. A six mois post-partum la prévalence du TSPT était de 3,1% pour les femmes françaises et de 16,3% pour les femmes tunisiennes. Des modèles de régressions hiérarchiques spécifiques à chaque population ont indiqué que pour les femmes françaises, ce sont la primiparité et le mode d’accouchement, l’auto-blâme utilisé durant la période prénatale, les douleurs physiques prénatales, ainsi que la perception négative du soutien de L’équipe soignante durant l’accouchement qui constituaient des facteurs de risque au développement d’un TSPT postnatal. Pour les femmes tunisiennes, ce sont la primiparité et le mode d’accouchement, la perception négative du soutien de l’équipe soignante durant l’accouchement, l’utilisation de la dramatisation et de l’auto-blâme après l’accouchement qui constituaient des facteurs de risque au développement d’un TSPT en post-partum. En ce qui concerne l’effet du TSPT sur le bonding maternel, les résultats ont exposé que ce trouble avait un impact négatif sur le développement du bonding dans la période postnatale et plus précisément au niveau de l’altération du lien mère-enfant et de l’anxiété par rapport à l’enfant pour les femmes françaises. Les résultats ont indiqué aussi que des stratégies de coping comme l’auto-blâme, le désengagement comportemental et une moindre planification avaient un rôle médiateur entre le TSPT post-partum et le bonding maternel. Pour les femmes tunisiennes, le TSPT avait un impact négatif sur le bonding et surtout au niveau de l’anxiété par rapport à l’enfant. Les stratégies de coping qui médiatisaient la relation entre le TSPT post-natal et le bonding maternel dans cette population étaient la dramatisation, l’auto-blâme et la rumination. Cette recherche a permis aussi de réaliser des modélisations sur l’impact du TSPT post-natal sur le bonding à 6 mois post-partum et les différentes variables associées pour les deux populations françaises et tunisiennes. En conclusion, les outils développés et validés sur les deux populations dans ce travail ainsi que les résultats présentés établissent des bases importantes pour orienter de futures interventions psychologiques afin de permettre une meilleure prévention et diagnostic du TSPT post-natal ainsi que de prévenir son impact délétère sur le bonding mère-enfantChildbirth can be experienced as a traumatic experience by the mother. This event may be associated with the expression of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the postnatal period, but does it have any impact on the development of maternal bonding? What are the factors associated with postnatal PTSD and with the impairment of maternal bonding? Are there differences in risk factors for PTSD and in altered maternal bonding between two populations from two different cultures? To answer these questions, 646 French and Tunisian women were approached during the third trimester of pregnancy. Of these women, 284 were contacted two months after delivery and 190 were recalled at six months postpartum. Within this study, it was possible to adapt and validate a coping strategy scale on the Tunisian population and to build and validate a PTSD specific scale related to childbirth, according to the new diagnostic criteria of DSM 5, on French and Tunisian women. The results of this work showed that at two months after childbirth, 5.2% of French women and 16.5% of Tunisian women had PTSD. At six months postpartum, the prevalence of PTSD was 3.1% for French women and 16.3% for Tunisian women. Hierarchical regression models specific to each population showed that for French women, it was the primiparity and mode of delivery, self-blame used during the prenatal period, prenatal physical pain, as well as the negative perception of support from the health care team during delivery that constituted risk factors for the development of postnatal PTSD. For Tunisian women, it was the primiparity and mode of delivery, the negative perception of support from the health care team during delivery, the use of dramatization and self-blame after delivery that were risk factors for the development of PTSD in the postpartum period. With regard to the effect of PTSD on maternal bonding, the results showed that this disorder had a negative impact on the development of bonding in the postnatal period and more specifically on the alteration of the mother-child bond and child related anxiety for French women. The results also showed that coping strategies such as self-blame, behavioural disengagement and less planning had a mediating role between postpartum PTSD and maternal bonding. For Tunisian women, PTSD had a negative impact on bonding and especially on child related anxiety. Coping strategies that mediated the relationship between post-natal PTSD and maternal bonding in this population were dramatization, self-blame and rumination. This research also provided etiological models on the impact of post-natal PTSD on bonding and the different associated variables for the French and Tunisian populations. In conclusion, the tools developed and validated on both populations in this work as well as the results presented establish important foundations for future interventions to enable better prevention and diagnosis of post-natal PTSD as well as to prevent its deleterious impact on the mother-child bonding
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Nodjirim, Boilengar. "Détermination des prix ou formation de la valeur économique : quelles grilles de lecture de la création et du partage de la valeur entre producteurs et transformateurs laitiers en Normandie ?" Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIME001/document.
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L'organisation des innovations techniques des produits, des processus associés, de l'industrialisation, de la territorialisation, est devenue les fondements de la formation de la valeur économique. L'approche d'équilibre économique partiel ne permet pas de saisir entièrement la valeur économique. Les acteurs du secteur laitier procèdent par stratégies donc ce sont des acteurs dotés d'une intelligence et ne sont pas seulement rationnelles. Dans l'histoire économique des produits, des techniques et des institutions, les agents ont multiplié de nouvelles formes de coalition et de partenariat entre eux pour mieux imposer de nouveaux arguments commerciaux. Cette pratique passe par des délégations d'organisation, des services et des règles conventionnalistes. Ce constat nous autorise à mener de front le développement d'un triangle, d'analyse de la valeur économique, composé par le modèle SCP d'économie industrielle, l'économie des conventions et l'économie régionale. L'enjeu empirique voire théorique est, si nos arguments se vérifient c'est que la filière lait permet mécaniquement de s'approprier des ressources dans une perspective des histoires économiques comme le savoir-faire, le renom, la qualité, inclus dans le produit lait ou autour du lait et hors du champ des marchés. L'organisation devient une base de création continue de la valeur économique et d'appropriation de la répartition de cette valeur entre les acteurs. Les acteurs sont dotés des aptitudes à transformer leur structure des marchés. Il se traduit par des compromis ambigus entre l'économique et l'institutionnel. Les acteurs inventent donc de nouvelles valeurs intentionnelles mais dans le cadre des règles de la politique territoriale et des conventions. Les désaccords entre les catégories d'acteurs sont dus à la formation et aux intérêts contradictoires de partage des valeurs économiques. Il faut donc tenir compte de la technologie, de l'identité des acteurs et des identités des produitsThe organisations of the innovative techniques, the products, the associated processes, the industrialisation and the territorialisation, have become the fundamentals of the creation of economic value. The partial market equilibrium approach does not allow for the complete understanding of this economic value. The actors in the dairy sector evolve strategically therefore the actors are gifted with intelligence which is not only logical. In the economic history of products, techniques and institutions, the agents have multiplied new forms of coalition themselves to better impose their new commercial arguments. This practice proceeds through organisation, service delegations and conventional rules. This posture allows us to lead a triangular analysis composed of the SCP model of industrial economy, the economy of conventions and the regional economy. The empirical and theorical stake is, if our arguments verify is that the dairy Sector allows mechanically, to appropriate the resources such as know-how, reputation, quality, included in the milk product or around the milk and externally of the markets.The organisation becomes a base of continuous creation of economic value and appropriates the distribution of this value between the sectors. In the dairy sector the branch representation by partial market equilibrium is approximate because our actors are capable of transforming their structure of market. This behaviour appears through price negotiations at the inter-professional level and through ambiguous compromises between the economic and industrial. The actors therefore invent new intentional values but in a framework of regional politics and conventional regulations. Disagreements between the stakeholder delegations are due to the creation of economic values and the contradictory interests of the sharing of these values. The free market regulation becomes problematical and the behaviour of the actors is more and more constrained by the codes, collective modes of evaluation of objects and operations can be found in the activity domains of milk production and transformation of dairy products
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Paturel, Marie-Hélène. "Les mutations stratégiques du sport professionnel : managament des clubs marques et nomadisation des carrières : les exemples du football et du rugby en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1121/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en relation deux éléments caractéristiques des sports collectifs professionnels : la nomadisation croissante des carrières et la stratégie marketing des clubs qui tendent de plus en plus à devenir des marques. D'un point de vue théorique, cette recherche s'appuie, d'une part, sur la stratégie classique de marque et d'image qui, appliquée au club sportif professionnel, permet de définir le concept de « club marque » et, d'autre part, sur le courant des carrières nomades. Grâce au croisement de ces deux dimensions, émerge la question de l'influence de la stratégie de marque des clubs sportifs professionnels sur la volatilité des ressources humaines dans le sport spectacle. Emblématiques de ce dernier, le football et le rugby français constituent le terrain de la recherche. Deux cas sont étudiés : le FC Grenoble Rugby et l'Olympique Lyonnais. En recourant à une méthode qualitative et exploratoire (entretiens semi-directifs, analyse de contenu), les discours des acteurs des deux clubs choisis permettent de débattre des trois propositions de recherche, d'envisager les implications managériales à la fois pour le club et pour le joueur et, enfin, d'élaborer une typologie des joueurs nomades qui favorise l'appréhension du caractère subi ou voulu de la mobilitéThe object of the present thesis is to establish the relationship between two characteristic features of professional collective sports: namely the rise in boundaryless careers and marketing strategies in sports clubs which are increasingly becoming brands. From a theoretical point of view, the research is based on the one hand on traditional brand and image strategy which, when applied to professional sport clubs, outlines the concept of "brand-clubs", and, on the other, on the development of boundaryless careers. At the intersection of these two dimensions comes the question of what influence professional sports club marketing strategy has on the volatility of human resources in entertainment sports. French soccer and rugby, as illustrative examples, constitute the basis for the research through the following two case-studies : "FC Grenoble Rugby" and "Olympique Lyonnais". Applying both qualitative and exploratory methods (semi-directive interviews, content analysis) and drawing on the comments made by actors from both clubs, the three research proposals can be discussed, managerial implications for both club and players explored and a typology of boundaryless players developed in view of assessing the volontary or compulsory character of such mobility
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Gatelier, Elsa. "De la ressource territoriale « vin » à l’architecture du service œnotouristique : une application au cas du vignoble champenois." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIME003/document.
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La question du développement de l’œnotourisme s’est imposée dans les vignobles depuis une vingtaine d’années. Des retombées sont attendues de cette activité tant en matière de notoriété et de ventes des vins que de dynamisme économique local. Cependant, le développement de l’œnotourisme n’est ni systématique ni uniforme dans les vignobles. Ce constat conduit la thèse à questionner la diversité de l’œnotourisme et à en développer une compréhension. L’hypothèse principale est que la diversité de l’œnotourisme est imputable à la diversité des contextes vitivinicoles dans lesquels cette activité émerge. En prenant appui sur la vitiviniculture locale, l’œnotourisme est fortement influencé par son fonctionnement. À partir d’une analyse puisant dans l’économie territoriale, l’économie des services et les théories institutionnalistes de la firme, la thèse met en évidence que les stratégies des professionnels du vin – du fait qu’ils sont simultanément les acteurs centraux de la vitiviniculture et de l’œnotourisme – matérialisent l’influence qu’exerce le contexte vitivinicole sur l’œnotourisme. L’application au cas du vignoble champenois du cadre analytique construit corrobore cette hypothèse : les spécificités organisationnelles de la filière du champagne et la géographie particulière de son vignoble ont des implications sur les stratégies œnotouristiques (individuelles et collectives) des professionnels du champagne et, par conséquent, sur la forme de l’œnotourisme localWine tourism has been a growing issue in vineyards since the last twenty years. Benefits are expected from its development for both wines sales and local economic development. However, wine tourism development is neither systematic nor uniform in vineyards. This observation leads the thesis to question the diversity of wine tourism and to develop its understanding. The main hypothesis is about the existence of a link between wine tourism diversity and wine industry diversity. Using an analysis based on regional economics, services economics and institutional theories of the firm, the thesis explains how local wine industry attributes influence local wine tourism. It highlights that the strategies of wine professionals play a key role in that influence – because they are simultaneously the central actors in the wine industry and in wine tourism. The application of the analytical framework to the champagne case confirms the hypothesis: the specific organization of the champagne industry and the particular geography of its vineyard affect the wine tourism strategies (individual and collective) of champagne professionals. It consequently gives local wine tourism a specific shape
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Coulombel, Nicolas. "Toward a better representation of housing demand : on the role of monetary and non-monetary costs in household residential strategies." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601262.
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Cette thèse étudie les stratégies résidentielles des ménages par l'angle des budgets logement et transport, incluant débours monétaires et budgets temps et distance dans le cas du transport. Elle vise à mieux cerner le rôle des contraintes budgétaires dans les choix résidentiels, notamment pour mieux représenter ces derniers en modélisation appliquée. Un état de l'art compare comment l'économie et les modèles d'interaction transport - usage du sol adressent la demande de logement. Ayant mis en évidence le manque de vision globale d'une part, et une tendance à une vision trop statistique et peu comportementaliste d'autre part, l'étude du rôle des budgets logement et transport tente de remédier à ces deux points. Ceci comprend deux temps : un empirique, via l'étude des budgets transport et logement des ménages franciliens et des implications quant aux stratégies résidentielles, suivi de l'analyse théorique d'une limitation de la dépense de logement ou de logement et de transport
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Plante, Flavie. "Adolescences lycéennes à La Réunion. Stratégies identitaires et pratiques médiatiques." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0029.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse au rôle des pratiques médiatiques dans la construction des adolescences lycéennes à La Réunion. Les adolescences lycéennes sont ici envisagées comme des périodes de multiples changements durant lesquelles les individus apprennent à acquérir le statut de lycéen. Cette mutation passe par trois stades qui constituent des « finalités intermédiaires » : les différenciations, les négociations, les adhésions. Les différenciations se construisent par rapport aux autres (enfants, adultes, parents, le sexe opposé). Les négociations résultent de la volonté des adolescents de bricoler avec les éléments qui leur sont imposés et qui font partie de leur identité. Enfin, les adhésions marquent le désir des individus d'adopter des codes et des activités participant à la reconnaissance de leur identité. L'analyse d'entretiens réalisés avec des lycéens en classe de seconde montre que ces adolescents mobilisent leurs pratiques médiatiques pour définir des « stratégies identitaires » facilitant la construction de soi. La thèse interroge au final le lien rites de passage et pratiques médiatiques par ailleurs largement travaillées par les dynamiques culturelles à l'œuvre dans cette île de l'océan IndienThis dissertation is about the role played by media practices in the identity construction of adolescent secondary school (lycée) students in La Réunion. Secondary school adolescence is considered here as a period of multiple changes during which young individuals learn to be part of this moment of life. The transformation for students from college to lycée goes via the realization of “intermediary finalities”: differentiation, negotiation and identification. Differentiation means taking a distance from other individuals (children, adults, parents, opposite sex). Negociation results from the adolescents ‘ willingness to compose with different elements which are forced upon then and which are parts of their identity. Finally, indentification marks the individuals ‘ desires to adopt codes and activities playing a part in the recognition of their identity. The analysis of interviews conducted with students from the fifth of secondary school (seconde) shows that these teenagers are inspired by their media practices to define “strategies of identity” which help them in the construction of their personal selves. This research observes that media practices are not the only agents for the definition of adolescence: cultural dynamics operating in the island are equally important factors. The thesis also questions the links which can be made between media practices and rites of passage
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Vandelle, Hélène. "Estime de soi et sentiment d’efficacité personnelle comme facteurs de réussite scolaire : une étude en lycée professionnel." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100150.
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Le lycée professionnel accueille des adolescents qui ont rencontré des difficultés au collège et sont en rupture avec le cheminement dit « normal ». Adolescents confrontés, non pas à une, mais à des situations d’échec, ils arrivent souvent dans ces établissements en disant d’eux-mêmes « je suis nul (le), je n’y arriverai jamais ». Se pose donc la question des stratégies pédagogiques à mettre en œuvre pour réengager ces élèves dans un processus de formation. L’hypothèse centrale de cette recherche est que les enseignants de ces établissements scolaires visent, dans leurs pratiques pédagogiques, à restructurer à la fois l’estime de soi et le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle de leurs élèves afin de les remobiliser et de les réengager sur la voie de la réussite scolaire.Une première recherche par entretiens a été menée auprès de vingt neuf professeurs de lycées professionnels. Les pratiques pédagogiques qu’ils déclarent élaborer confirment notre hypothèse.Cette étude est complétée par une enquête par questionnaires réalisée auprès de deux cent soixante cinq élèves de sections d’esthétique, coiffure, maintenance des équipements industriels (MEI) et métiers de la production mécanique informatisée (MPMI), effectuée en octobre 2007 et mai 2008. Les résultats montrent qu’estime de soi et sentiment d’efficacité personnelle sont relativement mobilisésFrench vocational schools provide education to pupils, aged 16 to 19. These pupils met difficulties in their studies and had to face a succession of failures. They have split with the ordinary process of education. They regularly say about themselves « I’m not worth, I’ll never get with it ».The hypothesis of this research was that the teachers who welcome these teenagers have to enhance their self-esteem and self-efficacy in order to make them able to accept new learnings and to feel successfull at school. In a first qualitative study, we asked twenty nine teachers the way they worked with this population of pupils. What they say about the strategies they use confirms our hypothesis.This study was completed by a quantitative enquiry. 265 boys and girls were tested twice, in october 2007 and may 2008 in order to observe the evolution in self-esteem and self-efficacy. The results are not totally convincing, particularly due to the small number of boys of the study, and even if a majority of them improved in self-esteem and self-efficacy
Books on the topic "France Strategic aspects"
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Saksena, Jyotsna. France and the Indian Ocean. New Delhi: Lancer International, 1991.
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Institut des hautes études de défense nationale (France), ed. Défendre la France au XXIe siècle. Paris: Economica, 2015.
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Nigoul, Claude. Menaces en Méditerranée: Données nouvelles et conséquences pour la politique de sécurité de la France. Paris: Fondation pour les études de défense nationale, 1987.
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Fille-Lambie, Thierry Caspar. Rationaliser le soutien général: Une meilleure implication des acteurs locaux. Fontainebleau: Fantascope, 2008.
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Fille-Lambie, Thierry Caspar. Rationaliser le soutien général: Une meilleure implication des acteurs locaux. Fontainebleau: Fantascope, 2008.
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Manfrass-Sirjacques, Françoise. Ein Neues Deutschland in einem neuen Europa: Die französische Perspektive. Hamburg: Institut für Internationale Politik an der Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, 1998.
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Conférence internationale, France-Inde de l'AHIOI (1986 Saint-Denis, Réunion). Les relations historiques et culturelles entre la France et l'Inde: XVIIe-XXe siècles = Historical and cultural relations between France and India : XVIIth-XXth centuries. Sainte Clotilde [Réunion]: Association historique internationale de l'océan Indien, 1987.
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Kocs, Stephen A. Autonomy or power?: The Franco-German relationship and Europe's strategic choices, 1955-1995. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1995.
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Koburger, Charles W. Naval strategy east of Suez: The role of Djibouti. New York: Praeger, 1992.
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France. Defense: Agreement between the United States of America and France, signed at Washington and Paris, January 13 and July 19, 1993. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "France Strategic aspects"
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Belin, Matts-Åke, and Anna Vadeby. "Speed and Technology: Different Modus of Operandi." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 971–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_37.
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AbstractWithin Vision Zero as a strategy, it is imbedded the fact that injuries occur when the mechanical energy reaches individuals at rates that entail forces in excess of their thresholds for injury. Therefore, according to Vision Zero, there are three main strategies to eliminate fatalities and severe injuries due to road crashes: protect people from exposure of harmful energy, reduce the risk of events with harmful energy, and protect people from harmful energy in the event of a collision. Controlling speed is therefore of the task of utmost importance in a strategy such as Vision Zero.A traffic enforcement camera, or “speed camera,” system has the possibility to control speed in a road system, and it has the possibility to affect its road users both at a macro and a micro perspective. In a micro perspective, it primarily concerns how effective the cameras are locally at the road sections where the enforcement is focused on, while at a macro perspective it is more focused on how the camera enforcement system and strategies, possibly together with the overall enforcement strategy, affects attitudes and norms related to driving with excessive speed. Experience worldwide has proven the effectiveness of automated speed cameras in reducing speed and, in turn, crashes and injuries.In this chapter, firstly the rationale behind speed limits, speed management, and speed compliance strategies will be explored and analyzed, in particular from a Vision Zero perspective. Secondly, various different approaches to speed camera systems in Europe, in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and France, will be analyzed and further explored. Finally, based on similarities and differences in approaches in these countries, in the last section some aspects concerning the setting of speed limits, speed management strategies that underpin the choice of camera technology, and modus of operandi, safety effects of and attitudes toward cameras, will be explored and discussed.
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Belin, Matts-Åke, and Anna Vadeby. "Speed and Technology: Different Modus of Operandi." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_37-1.
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AbstractWithin Vision Zero as a strategy, it is imbedded the fact that injuries occur when the mechanical energy reaches individuals at rates that entail forces in excess of their thresholds for injury. Therefore, according to Vision Zero, there are three main strategies to eliminate fatalities and severe injuries due to road crashes: protect people from exposure of harmful energy, reduce the risk of events with harmful energy, and protect people from harmful energy in the event of a collision. Controlling speed is therefore of the task of utmost importance in a strategy such as Vision Zero.A traffic enforcement camera, or “speed camera,” system has the possibility to control speed in a road system, and it has the possibility to affect its road users both at a macro and a micro perspective. In a micro perspective, it primarily concerns how effective the cameras are locally at the road sections where the enforcement is focused on, while at a macro perspective it is more focused on how the camera enforcement system and strategies, possibly together with the overall enforcement strategy, affects attitudes and norms related to driving with excessive speed. Experience worldwide has proven the effectiveness of automated speed cameras in reducing speed and, in turn, crashes and injuries.In this chapter, firstly the rationale behind speed limits, speed management, and speed compliance strategies will be explored and analyzed, in particular from a Vision Zero perspective. Secondly, various different approaches to speed camera systems in Europe, in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and France, will be analyzed and further explored. Finally, based on similarities and differences in approaches in these countries, in the last section some aspects concerning the setting of speed limits, speed management strategies that underpin the choice of camera technology, and modus of operandi, safety effects of and attitudes toward cameras, will be explored and discussed.
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"Convergence and Divergence: Aspects of Anglo-American Relations with France in the 1950s." In Anglo-American Strategic Relations and the French Problem, 1960-1963, 28–73. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315038346-10.
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Kumar, Manoj. "Evaluating Asian Cross Country Differences in Export Openness and Import Openness." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 280–303. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1886-0.ch015.
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A new framework is developed to evaluate how Asian cross-country differences in export openness and import openness in 2015 affected the level of real per capita income. Familiar and novel instruments are used to extract the exogenous components of total trade (exports plus imports) and of net exports (exports minus imports), which in turn imply distinct export and import effects. We build on an existing literature (Frankel-Romer and others) that uses aspects of an Asian country's geography as instrumental variables for total trade openness. We build on an Asian country's demography and net wealth abroad to develop a novel instrument for net export openness. Our new estimates reveal that export openness alone correlates with income cross-sectionally, not import openness.
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Thornes, John. "Land Degradation." In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0036.
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‘Land degradation’ means the reduction and loss of the biological or economic productivity caused by land use change or by a physical process or a combination of the two. ‘Land’ means the terrestrial bio-productive system that comprises soil, vegetation, and other biota and the ecological and hydrological processes that operate within the system (UNEP 1992). The main components of land degradation are ecological degradation, soil loss, and reduction in the amount and quality of the available water resources for human survival and economic sustainability. Conacher and Sala (1998) have edited a major volume on land degradation in Mediterranean environments of the world and soil erosion mechanisms and water resources are considered in other chapters of this book (Chapters 6 and 21). This chapter will focus on the ecological aspects of land degradation by exploring some of the interactions between land use change, vegetation dynamics, grazing patterns, and wildfires. This chapter will also try to identify and avoid repeating the myths that abound in the more popular and/or politically motivated accounts of Mediterranean land degradation. Because of the complex spatial mosaic of environmental and cultural conditions across the Mediterranean (see Blondel 2006), it is not simple to identify the causes or main controls of land degradation or the management strategies required to combat degradation (Lesschen et al. 2007; Märker et al. 2008). As discussed in the context of lake sediment records in Chapter 9, it is certain that the origins of land degradation extend far back into prehistory. Indeed, Naveh and Dan (1973) have proposed a seven-phase history of land degradation for the Mediterranean basin, paraphrased thus: Phase 1 was the Lower Palaeolithic (around 1,000,000 to 100,000 years BP), when the Levant was the main route of biotic and hominid dispersal from Africa to Eurasia and later westwards through the Mediterranean basin. Hunting and gathering were the main activities and the populations were probably very low. Human impact on the environment is not known—but land degradation is assumed to have been negligible. After this, in Phase 2, it is argued that the use of fire as a tool for the opening up of dense forest spread westwards from Greece, possibly reaching France as early as 400,000 BP.
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Migon, Piotr. "Granite Landscapes Transformed." In Granite Landscapes of the World. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199273683.003.0018.
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An analysis of granite landscapes would not be complete if the modifying human factor were ignored (Godard, 1977). Over the millennia humans have used the resources provided by granite, whether in a solid or weathered state, taken advantage of the spatial configuration of granite landforms, or mimicked natural granite features for various purposes. The combination of rock outcrops, regolith-mantled surfaces, and soil characteristics has acted as a significant constraint on many human activities, especially in the past. Hence many granite areas have very specific histories of human impact. The monumentality of many granite landforms has inspired fear, awe, and spiritual experience, whereas in the modern era the distinctiveness of many granite terrains has become a magnet for tourism. Each of these activities has left its imprint on granite landscapes, to the extent that some of them easily fall into the category of ‘cultural landscapes’, while in others, man-made features have evidently overwhelmed the natural configuration of the land. In this closing chapter of the book a few aspects of human transformation on natural granite landscapes will be briefly addressed. The coverage, and particularly the selection, of examples are by no means exhaustive, and the historical context has not been explored. The intention is rather to review some of the most characteristic relationships between humans and granite landscapes and to show that the characteristics of natural granite landforms dictate very specific adjustments, uses, and strategies of landscape change. Therefore, extensive referencing has also been avoided. The middle and late Neolithic in western Europe (3500–1700 BC) was a period of extraordinary construction activity using local and imported stone. It was not limited to granite lands, but the availability of durable monumental stone was certainly important. Therefore, uplands and rolling plains underlain by granitoid rocks abound in a variety of megalithic structures, including standing stones, stone circles and rows, passage tombs, simple dolmens, burial mounds (cairns), and stone enclosures. Extensive assemblages of Neolithic monuments occur on the Alentejo plain in southern Portugal, in western Spain, in Brittany, France, and on the uplands of south-west England, from Dartmoor through Bodmin Moor, Carnmenellis to Land’s End.
Conference papers on the topic "France Strategic aspects"
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Pino Hernández, Eva María, and Cristina Delgado Quiralte. "International benchmark and best practices on national infrastructure plans. Application to Spanish strategic planning." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3459.
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The need for planning regarding investment in infrastructures is recognised and supported by most governments around the world. Planning helps to take effective and correct decisions, provides a basis for monitoring its impacts and also facilitates further developments. However it requires a high level of organization, coordination among stakeholders and anticipation of transport needs. There are some different methodological approaches for strategic planning. This paper examines the importance of infrastructure planning and how it is undertaken in different countries from Europe and other continents. It is based on a benchmarking about planning procedures of 7 reference countries (UK, France, the Netherlands, Poland, Germany, Japan and USA), in addition to others whose strategic plans are being developed at the present moment such as Croatia or Romania. This benchmarking aims to extract and compare best practices carried out in this field and to define the optimal formulation of strategic planning. In this regard, the benchmarking is focused on some key aspects: firstly, on the plan structure and its main contents. There are a lot of differences about how each country defines the future needs for transport and how it establishes the objectives and the strategies to be followed. Secondly, on the characterisation of the authorities which are responsible of the plan development (level of dependence from the government, know-how…) along with the time frame and final validity of the plans. And finally, the level of detail of the proposed actions and budgetary commitments provided by the strategic plans. Throughout the comparative analysis, the knowledge generated by this benchmarking has allowed setting a series of specific recommendations in strategic planning which can be applied as innovative solutions and best practices in future planning processes in Spain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3459
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Butenina, D. V., and A. S. Ivanov. "MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TEACHING OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES." In MODELING AND SITUATIONAL MANAGEMENT THE QUALITY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/978-5-8088-1558-2-2021-2-29-32.
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Article has survey character and is based on the discussion on technologies for teaching computer and engineering Sciences through the use of modern digital tools and best practices to engineering courses in the period of the pandemic. Experts from Finland, Croatia and France took part in the discussion. The discussion was held within the framework of a foresight session organized by the Foundation “center for strategic research” North-West “ in partnership with the International scientific and methodological center of MEPhI. The article deals with the following topics: collecting a digital trace, features of interaction with students online, psychological aspects of distance learning. also, attention is paid to various platforms and SOFTWARE for providing a remote learning process.
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Mohammed Ameen, Peshraw. "the presidential and the semi-presidential system." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp152-163.
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In this research we dealt with the aspects of the presidential system and the semi-presidential system, and he problematic of the political system in the Kurdistan Region. Mainly The presidential system has stabilized in many important countries, and the semi-presidential concept is a new concept that can be considered a mixture of parliamentary and presidential principles. One of the features of a semi-presidential system is that the elected president is accountable to parliament. The main player is the president who is elected in direct or indirect general elections. And the United States is a model for the presidential system, and France is the most realistic model for implementing the semi-presidential system. The French political system, which lived a long period under the traditional parliamentary system, introduced new adjustments in the power structure by strengthening the powers of the executive authority vis-à-vis Parliament, and expanding the powers of the President of the Republic. In exchange for the government while remaining far from bearing political responsibility, and therefore it can be said that the French system has overcome the elements of the presidential system in terms of objectivity and retains the elements of the parliamentary system in terms of formality, so it deserves to be called the semi-presidential system. Then the political system in the Kurdistan Region is not a complete parliamentary system, and it is not a presidential system in light of the presence of a parliament with powers. Therefore, the semi-presidential system is the most appropriate political system for this region, where disputes are resolved over the authority of both the parliament and the regional president, and a political system is built stable. And that because The presence of a parliamentary majority, which supports a government based on a strategic and stable party coalition, which is one of the current problems in the Kurdistan region. This dilemma can be solved through the semi-presidential system. And in another hand The impartiality of the head of state in the relationship with the government and parliament. The head of state, with some relations with the government, can participate in legislative competencies with Parliament.
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives. "POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22443.
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The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.
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Marotta, Anna. "La “fortezza invisibile”: il telegrafo ottico Chappe nella Francia napoleonica." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11458.
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The “invisible fortress”: the Chappe optical telegraph in the Napoleonic FranceEven in the defensive and fortifying processes, two aspects can be found: the material component and the immaterial one. If all the constructive, material and structural procedures are the first, for example, all that concerns remote communications (maximum optics) belongs to the second, an indispensable tool to complete an optimal strategy for offensive and/or defensive operations. Remote optical transmissions are closely connected to the management of defensive systems: this is also what happens with the optical telegraph of Claude Chappe, conceived during the French Revolution and adopted by Napoleon for the potential inherent in the strategic and territorial logic, as for the organization, structuring and sending of encrypted messages (which since the sixteenth century had also seen the interest of Leon Battista Alberti. The densest part of the network spreads to France, from Paris to the borders of the nation. In Europe, you will see achievements in Spain, up to Russia. The Lyon-Paris-Venice line also led to the construction of a Lombard-Piedmontese section. The present contribution stems from a conspicuous research, founded on the twenty-year collaboration of Marotta with the FNARH (Fédération Nationale des Associations de Recherche Historique sur la Poste et les Télécommunications). The system included the installation in high positions (hills, towers or bell towers) of a mechanical device, which could be reached at a distance of kilometers. On top of a fixed pole of about 5 m, the apparatus consisted of a central axis (ordinateur) at the ends of which two mobile arms (indicateurs) were fixed which allowed (in the variation of the reciprocal positions and inclinations) to realize multiple signals, at the base of an entire encrypted visual alphabet, arrived in 1841 up to 61000 messages. Multiple types of models made. The contribution will return the chronological developments of the system, in time and space of territories involved, with the relative comparisons of types, models and languages, also through 3D modeling.
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Stojkov, Stefan, Emilija Beker Pucar, Olgica Glavaški, and Marina Beljić. "Exchange Rate Pass-Through Asymmetry: The Case of the Euro-Zone." In 27th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-406-7_218.
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An essential aspect of deepening the level of economic integration between European economies is the reduction of mutual economic disparities, which is especially emphasized by the formation of the supranational monetary authority of the Euro-zone member states. However, fixing the currency for the euro and losing monetary sovereignty in the circumstances of a structurally heterogeneous system meant that the same monetary policy provoked different repercussions for member states. This research aims to point out the differences in the exchange rate transmission mechanism between the representatives of two groups of Euro-zone member states: the core of the EZ (Germany, Finland, Belgium, and France) and the periphery of the EZ (Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland), in the 1999M1-2021M1 time horizon. Empirical findings are based on estimates of the VAR model, i.e. derived impulse response functions in the circumstances of shock transmission (nominal effective exchange rate) to inflation (consumer price index). The results of the research indicate the asymmetry of the exchange rate transmission mechanism in terms of a more pronounced and longer degree of exposure of peripheral economies to shocks of the nominal exchange rate compared to the representatives of the core of the Euro-zone. Empirical findings confirm the asymmetry of the exchange rate transmission mechanism as one of the indicators of the weakness of the Euro-zone, given the inflationary diversity and the consequent anomalies of the monetary union with heterogeneous membership.
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García Martín, Fernando Miguel, Fernando Navarro Carmona, Eduardo José Solaz Fuster, Víctor Muñoz Macián, María Amparo Sebastià Esteve, Pasqual Herrero Vicent, and Anna Morro Peña. "Obsolescence of urban morphology in Villena (Spain). Spatial analysis of the urban fabric in the ISUD/EDUSI candidature." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6206.
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The Integrated Sustainable Urban Development strategy (English acronym ISUD, Spanish acronym EDUSI) is an urban planning tool that the municipalities with more than 20.000 inhabitants in Spain need to be funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the 2014-2020 period. The city of Villena is located south- east Spain, inland the province of Alicante. The Villena municipality developed this tool in order to have a holistic and integrated vision of the situation of the city from the urban, social, economic and environmental points of view. As a part of the analysis performed to develop this strategy, a spatial analysis of the urban fabric of Villena was carried out. This study employed concepts from the typomorphological schools of Italy, England and France (Moudon, 1994) as well as from the research on relation between density and urban form (Churchman, 1999, Berghauser & Pont, 2009, Steadman, 2014). The data and cartography of the Spanish Cadaster, processed with SIG software, allowed the study. The spatial analysis included different variables of the built environment, including building height and age; plots size; open space ratios, Not-built plots; type of built-plots according to height and built surface; and compactness of the fabrics. The results of this analysis showed a relationship between the morphological variables and the problems identified in the citizen participation meetings carried out for the elaboration of the ISUD. The identified aspects of urban morphology obsolescence allowed proposing strategies of action to update the built environment to current demands. References (100 words) Berghauser Pont, M., & Haupt, P. (2009). Space, density and urban form. TU delft. Retrieved from http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid%253A0e8cdd4d-80d0-4c4c-97dc-dbb9e5eee7c2/ Churchman, A. (1999). Disentangling the concept of density. Journal of Planning Literature, 13(4), 389–411. Moudon, A. V. (1994). Getting to know the built landscape: typomorphology. In K. A. Franck & L. H. Schneekloth (Eds.), Ordering space: types in architecture and design (pp. 289–311). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Steadman, P. (2014). Density and built form: integrating “Spacemate” with the work of Martin and March. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 41(2), 341–358.
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Babin, Anatolie, and Zorina Constantin Şişcan. "Discovery of the entrepreneurial potential of settlements, districts in the cross-border territory of the republic of Moldova-Ukraine on the basis of smart specialization approaches and priorities for sustainable territorial development." In MODERN TRENDS IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE. Odessa National Maritime University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/978-966-7716-90-5-57-58.
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In order for regions today to be globally competitive, their smart specialization strategies cannot be created by an approach limited to one particular region only. The grouping of objectives emphasizes the need to create greater external dynamism by coordinating and maximizing synergies with policy initiatives, instruments and infrastructures in other regions. In this regard, trans-regional cooperation is a central aspect and a challenge of «Smart specialization», especially for neighboring regions with a cross-border dimension. EU best practice shows that cross-border Smart Specialisation Strategies (RIS3T) are singular in the practice of the cross-border RIS approach in the EU. The examples of innovative crossborder cooperation between Portugal and Spain, Germany and France, show that the main objective of this approach is to generate economic knowledge, quality employment through localised smart infrastructure and social well-being by jointly promoting strengths and common challenges. Thus, the Cross-Border − RIS3 aims to enhance the Euroregion's participation in European tenders for inter-territorial cooperation and provides a framework for launching coordinated actions and projects capable of competing with great success in attracting funding within Horizon Europe. The development of such a strategy should be agreed and coordinated on both sides of the border − innovation organisations, clusters, universities and representatives of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre Smart Specialisation team.
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Ro̸nnedal, Per, and Hans Bo̸je Nielsen. "Firing Order Selection in Relation to Vibration Aspects." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0603.
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Selecting the optimum firing order for a combustion engine is an important decision to make when developing an engine. Typically, the optimum choice is made on the basis of a weighted balance between a number of interrelated engine vibration characteristics, such as: balancing, free forces and free moments, guide force distribution, inner bending moments, bearing load, and torsional and axial vibration behaviour. Also gas dynamic properties making each cylinder do the same amount of work is considered. In addition to the traditional firing sequence selection, implying the same firing interval between cylinder units, also so-called irregular firing orders, characterized by different intervals between the individual firings, are considered. Various methods and strategies can be applied, considering that different engine applications exhibit completely different vibratory behaviour, e.g. marine propulsion plants compared with stationary installations. This paper will give examples relating to various applications for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Four-stroke: Realizing that the engine is often an integrated part of a complex system, it is demonstrated in this paper that analysing the whole system in terms of linear vibrations, the optimum firing order is different from the firing order determined with traditional methods. The system analysed here is a genset for marine or stationary application consisting of a 9-cylinder diesel engine, alternator and base frame. All three parts are bolted together as one unit, resiliently mounted on a ship or a land-based foundation. Two-stroke: The traditional 7-cylinder marine propulsion engine firing sequence is modified in order to be able to run safely directly at a two-node torsional resonance without installing a T/V damper. The 12-cylinder stationary engine has been modified so as to reduce installation costs and improve the coupled torsional-axial vibratory behaviour. The 10-cylinder marine engine firing sequence has been modified in order to achieve more favourable structural vibration characteristics.
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Cretin, C., S. Madelaine, F. V. Le, A. Morala, D. Armand, S. Petrognani, E. Lesvignes, et al. "CONCILIATE ROCK ART, ARCHAEOLOGY AND GEOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF DECORATED CAVES: THE CASE OF SAINT-FRONT CAVE (OR MAMMOTH’S CAVE, DOMME) AND FEW OTHER CAVERNS FROM DORDOGNE (FRANCE)." In Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс]. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-308-4.11-12.
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French South-West, especially the Dordogne region, is one of the richest European area of Palaeolithic sites, whether for human dwelling (including epony-mous and very famous sites like La Madeleine) as for Upper Palaeolithic rock art (of which Lascaux cave, Rouffignac cave, Font-de-Gaume cave, etc.). Those two categories are testimony of organization of daily life and livelihood strategies on one side, and the common system of values and meaning (culture) on the other side. Those two aspects are however very difficult to bring together. For adorned caves, it is often difficult to cross data coming from the walls and ground from a same decorated cave, data sometimes acquired separately. One way to deal with this problem is to develop a multi-disciplinary approach, which allows to combine rock art, archaeological and geological studies and which implies interactions and dialogs between many specialists. This goal, which goes be-yond simply providing archaeological and geological contexts for an image or a group of images, leads to the development of new approaches. Fig. 1. This paper proposes to present cases to the interdisciplinary study of the Great Saint-Front Cave (or Mammoths cave) and other adorned sites, studied within the frame of a collective research program, conducted from 2013 to 2016 and called Archologie des grottes ornes de Dordogne: cadre conceptuel, potentiel et ralit (Cave art archaeology: conceptual frame, potential and reality).
Reports on the topic "France Strategic aspects"
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Bergfeld, Uwe, Fredrik Boye, Maximilian Deutsch, Jens Fehrmann, Gerhard Fettweis, Norman Franchi, Frank Heisig, et al. Landnetz Impulse - Erprobungsfeld für digitale ländliche Netze. Technische Universität Dresden, Vodafone Stiftungslehrstuhl Mobile Nachrichtensysteme, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2021.85.
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Die produzierende Landwirtschaft kann mit Hilfe geeigneter digitaler Werkzeuge und deren Einsatz in den Prozessabläufen den steigenden Anforderungen an eine moderne und zukunftsfähige Landbewirtschaftung erfolgreich begegnen. Eine dafür wesentliche Voraussetzung, die der drahtlosen Kommunikation, steht aktuell jedoch weder flächendeckend und durchgängig noch zuverlässig zur Verfügung. Das Experimentierfeld LANDNETZ adressiert diese Herausforderung und entwickelt und erprobt Strategien zur völligen Vernetzung sowie zum adäquaten Datenaustausch als grundlegende Bedingung für eine Landwirtschaft 4.0. In diesem Whitepaper beleuchten wir aktuelle in der Landwirtschaft genutzte Vernetzungslösungen und stellen mit Mobilfunk-Campusnetzen einen alternativen Lösungsansatz für digitale Anwendungen in der Landwirtschaft vor. Die im Zuge digitaler Prozesse erhobenen Daten bedürfen sowohl einer sicheren Verarbeitung als auch eines geschützten Austauschs. Unter diesem Aspekt erörtern wir die Frage nach Datensouveränität und zeigen aktuelle Trends und Möglichkeiten für den sicheren Austausch von Daten auf. Im Experimentierfeld LANDNETZ werden im Zusammenspiel mit zahlreichen Kooperationspartnern digitale Anwendungsfälle in der Tierhaltung, des Obst und Weinbaus sowie des Pflanzenbaus konzipiert, erprobt und optimiert. Im Beitrag betrachten wir exemplarisch drei Anwendungsfälle im Hinblick auf die jeweils erforderliche Kommunikationsinfrastruktur und den Datenaustausch näher.