Academic literature on the topic 'France. Bureau des péages'
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Journal articles on the topic "France. Bureau des péages"
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Percebois, Jacques. "La distribution de l’électricité : atouts et contraintes liés au réseau européen." Reflets de la physique, no. 60 (December 2018): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/201860052.
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Jusqu’à la fin des années 1990, ce sont des entreprises publiques ou privées dites « intégrées » qui produisaient, transportaient et distribuaient l’électricité dans les divers pays européens. Dans certains pays, comme l’Allemagne, il y avait plusieurs entreprises régionales ; dans d’autres pays une seule entreprise nationale en position de monopole, comme EDF en France. La Directive européenne de 1996 a mis fin aux monopoles de production et de fourniture d’électricité. Les réseaux de transport et de distribution, qui fonctionnent comme des « monopoles naturels », sont devenus des « infrastructures essentielles » ouvertes à tous les producteurs et fournisseurs, moyennant des péages d’accès fixés par une commission de régulation indépendante. Ces réseaux sont au coeur des débats actuels, dans un contexte où ils doivent absorber une part croissante d’énergies renouvelables et faire face au développement de l’autoconsommation.
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Khablova, E. S. "Plant Introduction Bureau of the Institute of Plant Industry and its relations with France in the 1920–1930s (based on the documents from the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg)." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 183, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-1-259-267.
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This article examines French–Soviet scientific cooperation focusing on the example of interactions between the Plant Introduction Bureau of the Institute of Plant Industry and French seed production companies. Objectives of the Bureau and the scope of its plant introduction activities are shown. Despite the importance of the Plant Introduction Bureau, its work encountered a number of obstacles. For example, the seed exchange was impeded by organizational problems, such as the neglect of delivery terms by the USSR Trade Office in France or by transport companies, and by financial constraints. There were also ideological conflicts, initiated by A. K. Kol and later by G. N. Shlykov, the heads of the Plant Introduction Bureau. Moreover, scientific links between the USSR and France were aggravated by the political situation in the world, where the USSR and France could not be regarded as allies. Despite these problems, the period from 1926 through 1933, when Nikolai Vavilov was Director of the Institute of Plant Industry, is considered the most productive in terms of cooper cooperation between the Plant Introduction Bureau and French seed production companies.
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Lazzarotti, Olivier. "Québec-France – l’aire du large." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 55, no. 155 (January 4, 2012): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1007387ar.
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Travaillant sur le déplacement, cette expérience géographique à la fois personnelle et intellectuelle du changement de lieu, le texte analyse deux oeuvres géographiques considérées, de France, comme spécifiquement québécoises : celles de Gilles Ritchot et de Luc Bureau. C’est que leurs questionnements, fondamentaux, faisant au passage sauter quelques verrous des géographies françaises « classiques », ont contribué à inspirer une science géographique structurée autour du concept d’habiter. Au-delà de leurs différences, souvent formulées au Québec comme des oppositions, ces oeuvres, vues d’ailleurs, concourent à soulever les questions, existentielles et politiques, essentielles de cette science géographique-là.
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Mahe, Isabelle, Annmarie Nelson, Jean Chidiac, Parinata Swarnkar, Mickael Pinson, Michele Pinson, and Simon Noble. "Patients Experience of Living with Cancer Associated Thrombosis in France (LE PELICAN)." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123210.
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Introduction Previous research from the Europe and Canada has identified several areas of unmet clinical and support need for cancer patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is not known whether such experiences are restricted to those particular countries healthcare systems and/ or cultures. We sought to evaluate patients' experience of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) within France. Methods Purposive sampling of twenty three patients with CAT were recruited from a thrombosis service in a general hospital in Colombes, France, Semi structured interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded using Invivo software. Analysis was undertaken using an applied framework matrix with an inductive approach to identify any new themes. This was in order to explicate potential cultural and operational differences that were not apparent in the previous datasets. Results Twenty three patients (11 male, 13 female) aged 51-83 (mean 69) participated. The main commonality observed between French patients and those interviewed in the United Kingdom, Spain and Canada was the lack of information regarding the risks of CAT or signs and symptoms, which would necessitate medical attention. In addition patients reported a similar lack of verbal and written information regarding treatment choices and how to administer low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). However, French patients were not concerned by this since they perceived the doctor knew best and did not see information giving as a necessary aspect of their healthcare. They adopted a passive unquestioning role whereby the doctor was always right. This lack of desire to understand about their condition and in particular CAT, resulted in two major themes which are , thus far, have only been observed in this cohort of patients. 1. Lack of understanding and desire to know about CAT meant that patients knew less about their condition than other patients. Whereas patients from other countries were significantly distressed by knowing the potentially fatal nature of CAT, French patients were not distressed by their diagnosis, its implications on their cancer journey or the future. 2. Patients did not appreciate the utility of shared decision making and relied on the doctor to decide on the drug of choice. They did not wish to understand the rationale for this and thereby did not view the LMWH as a necessary inconvenience. Consequently they were very resistant to LMWH. Conclusion The dynamics of the doctor patient relationship in French patients differed from other countries, with patients adopting a passive role with respect to information requirements and their role in shared decision making. This dynamic appears to be a "two edged sword" whereby distress around CAT was minimal, in contrast to all other countries interviewed, yet a lack of knowledge impacted on acceptability of LMWH patient groups. This data has implications for the choice of anticoagulant in the treatment of CAT, particularly now that several DOACS have been evaluated for this indication. Disclosures Mahe: Leo Pharma: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau. Noble:Leo Pharma: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau.
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JEON, Hakseon. "La Haute Cour en France." European Constitutional Law Association 43 (December 31, 2023): 383–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2023.43.383.
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La Haute Cour est l’unique juridiction pouvant juger le président de la République “en cas de manquement à ses devoirs incompatible avec l'exercice de son mandat”. C'est le Parlement réuni en Haute Cour qui est appelé à prononcer la destitution du président de la République.
La Haute Cour est issue de la révision constitutionnelle du 23 février 2007.
La Haute Cour constitue une instance de nature plus politique que judiciaire. Son rôle est défini par l’article 68 de la Constitution et précisé par la loi organique du 24 novembre 2014.
En 2007, une révision constitutionnelle prévoit que le président de la République ne peut être destitué qu’en cas de manquement à ses devoirs manifestement incompatible avec l’exercice de son mandat. La destitution est prononcée par le Parlement constitué en Haute Cour. Celle-ci est présidée par le président de l’Assemblée nationale. Le Bureau de la Haute Cour est composé de vingt-deux membres désignés, en leur sein et en nombre égal, par le bureau de l’Assemblée nationale et par celui du Sénat. Il a pour but de préparer les travaux de la Haute Cour.
La loi organique, promulguée en 2014, prévoit que la mise en accusation est initiée par une résolution votée à la majorité des deux tiers14 par chacune des deux assemblées. La commission d’instruction(comprenant six vice-présidents de l’Assemblée nationale et de six vice-présidents du Sénat) est chargée de recueillir toute information nécessaire. Elle dispose des prérogatives reconnues aux commissions d’enquête parlementaires. Elle élabore un rapport qui est distribué aux membres de la Haute Cour, communiqué au président de la République et au Premier ministre et rendu public. La Haute Cour est ensuite réunie, et statue sur la destitution dans un délai d’un mois. Les débats sont publics. Le Président de la République est démis de ses fonctions si la Haute Cour vote sa destitution à la majorité des deux tiers.
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Favre, Georges-André, and David Von Felten. "Le Bureau France de l’État-Major suisse (février 1938 - mai 1945)." Revue Historique des Armées 221, no. 4 (2000): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2000.4982.
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Beuve, Jean, Eric Brousseau, and Jérôme Sgard. "Why Are Modern Bureaucracies Special? State Support to Private Firms in Early Eighteenth-Century France." Journal of Economic History 77, no. 4 (November 24, 2017): 1144–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050717001061.
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The Bureau du Commerce allocated rights and rents to private entrepreneurs via a mix of hierarchical division of labor and peer-based collegial deliberation. This set-up reflected an attempt to maximize information and expertise, but also allowed for the recognition of private rights and social interests. The final decisions of the Bureau (for or against each demand), and the qualitative arguments brought forward during the procedure, are robust predictors of eventual decisions. We see this result as an indication that impersonal, rational and informed decision-making could be obtained even within a patrimonialist, rent-seeking State.
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Letarouilly, J. G., B. Pariente, D. Staumont-Sallé, P. Goupille, P. Claudepierre, S. Varin, S. Lanot, et al. "THU0393 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES AMONG SECUKINUMAB-TREATED PATIENTS: 24 CASES FROM THE MISSIL REGISTRY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 431.1–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2516.
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Background:An alert regarding about the tolerance of Interleukin 17 (IL-17) inhibitors has been issued from data of randomized controlled trials showing cases of de novo inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In a recent analysis of pooled data from 21 clinical trials, cases of IBD events (including Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU)) were uncommon (1). Yet, real-world data are lacking.Objectives:To describe real-world data about patients treated by IL-17 inhibitors developing new onset IBD (CD or UC).Methods:A French national registry called MISSIL was started in February 2018 to collect the cases of patients treated by IL-17 inhibitors developing new onset IBD. This registry is conducted by rheumatologist, dermatologist and gastroenterologist learned societies specialized on immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. In France, secukinumab (SEK) has been granted market authorization since June 2016 and ixekizumab since April 2018.Results:24 cases under SEK were reported between February 2018 and January 2020: 3 patients with psoriasis and 21 patients with spondylwoarthritis. There were 20 patients with new onset CD and 4 with UC. Mean age was 51.7 ± 15.7 years old and 12/24 were female; 10 presented an axial spondyloarthritis, 5 a peripheral spondyloarthritis and 6 both,13/17 were HLA-B27 positive,7/19 had a radiographic sacroiliitis and 11/17 a MRI sacroiliitis. Only 2 were biological Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD)-naïve. Crohn’s disease was mainly located at the ileum, colon and rectum. The median time to onset of symptoms was 2 (1-6) months. The main symptoms were diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and loss of weight. Median CRP at the onset of symptoms was 68 mg/L (41-140.5); 21 patients underwent biopsies, 12 were in favor of CD. IL-17 inhibitors were consistently stopped. Patients were treated by corticosteroids (16/24), mesalazine (7/24), methotrexate (3/24), thiopurines (2/24), infliximab (9/243), adalimumab (3/24), golimumab (2/24), ustekinumab (5/24). The evolution was favorable under treatment with complete resolution (4/24), improvement (11/24) or stabilization (5/24). 3 patients worsened under treatment and 1 died (massive myocardial infarction).Conclusion:IBD flare in patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors are rare and lead to discuss the potential iatrogenic role of IL-17 inhibitor drugs. Further cases are needed to better characterize this complication. A case-control study will be conducted to identify patients at risk to develop IBD under IL-17 inhibitor.References:[1]Reich et al. Incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with secukinumab: a retrospective analysis of pooled data from 21 clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:473-479Disclosure of Interests:Jean-Guillaume Letarouilly Grant/research support from: Research grant from Pfizer, Benjamin Pariente: None declared, Delphine Staumont-Sallé Speakers bureau: Lilly, Novartis, Philippe Goupille Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Lilly, Janssen, Medac, MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Lilly, Janssen, Medac, MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Lilly, Janssen, Medac, MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB, Pascal Claudepierre Speakers bureau: Janssen, Novartis, Lilly, Stephane Varin: None declared, Sylvain Lanot: None declared, Emmanuelle Dernis Speakers bureau: Lilly, Novartis, Tristan Pascart Speakers bureau: Novartis, Lilly, Beatrice Banneville Speakers bureau: Lilly, Novartis, Pauline Baudart: None declared, Bruno Gombert: None declared, Elodie BAUER: None declared, Laurianne Plastaras: None declared, Sébastien Barbarot: None declared, Renaud FELTEN: None declared, Loïc Le Dantec: None declared, Nathalie Sultan-Bichat: None declared, Céline Girard: None declared, Arnaud Constantin Grant/research support from: Study was sponsored by Sanofi Genzyme, Consultant of: Consulting fees from Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Daniel Wendling: None declared, Philippe Gaudin Speakers bureau: Lilly, Denis Jullien Speakers bureau: Lilly, Novartis, Thao Pham Speakers bureau: Novartis, Janssen, Lilly, Rene-Marc Flipo Speakers bureau: Novartis, Janssen, Lilly
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Rey, Frédéric. "Entretien avec Jean-François Trogrlic, Directeur du Bureau de l'OIT en France." Sociologies pratiques 19, no. 2 (2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sopr.019.0017.
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Chabord, Marie-Thérèse. "Le Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action de la France libre (BCRA)." Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains 212, no. 4 (2003): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gmcc.212.0105.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "France. Bureau des péages"
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Souche, Stéphanie. "Economie du bien-être et liberté : le cas du péage urbain et de son acceptabilité." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/souche_s.
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Face à une congestion humaine croissante, et confronté à des contraintes de financement des nouvelles infrastructures et à des atteintes croissantes de l'environnement, le secteur des transports doit accroître l'efficacité de son fonctionnement. Depuis les travaux de Dupuit (1849), Pigou (1920), les économistes connaissent les effets bénéfiques que peut apporter le péage. Son introduction en milieu urbain peut toutefois entraîner un rejet de la part des automobilistes. Sur la base d'un raisonnement popperien, ce travail étudie l'acceptabilité de cette nouvelle mesure tarifaire. En partant d'une analyse économique des droits des individus et des fondements théoriques de l'efficacité et de l'équité, nous avons construit un cadre analytique de l'acceptabilité bâti sur la confrontation des dimensions de l'efficacité économique (orienter efficacement la demande), de l'équité territoriale (garantie d'accessibilité), de l'équité horizontale (principe de l'usager-payeur), et de l'équité verticale (bien-être des plus défavorisés). Ce cadre a été ensuite validé qualitativement puis quantitativement en complétant, à la suite des travaux de Bates (1988), Mc Fadden (1998), une enquête par préférences déclarées par données indépendates. La restriction de la liberté de choix existante apparaît alors comme la condition minimale pour que le péage ne soit pas rejeté. Ce constat souligne l'importance de la liberté dans l'analyse de l'économie du bien-être. D'un point de vue plus épistémologique, il interroge en retour la théorie, qui nous fournit alors de nouveaux éléments d'explication et de compréhension des enjeux existants.
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Conchon, Anne. "Le péage en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010520.
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L'objectif de notre travail était de comprendre comment l'institution du péage s'est progressivement décantée au cours du xviiie siècle, et métamorphosée pour survivre au démantèlement de la féodalité qui l'avait engendrée. Il était nécessaire d'appréhender d'abord le phénomène péager dans sa complexité et sa pluralité. Il fallait pour cela nous intéresser aux mots du péage, nous interroger sur sa définition juridique, reconstituer la géographie de ces droits, donner à voir les modalités de leur gestion, et mettre au jour les rapports qui s'y nouaient. Les ambitions monarchiques, constamment réaffirmées, de contrôler la légalité des perceptions, vont d'abord se traduire par une volonté affichée de réforme, avec l'instauration de la commission des péages. Grace a un minutieux travail de vérification des titres de propriété et à la révision systématique des tarifs, celle-ci va s'employer à soumettre un ensemble disparate de droits a une norme unique, et à ébranler les fondements mêmes du privilège. Au milieu du siècle, les limites inhérentes au travail de réforme, conjuguées a des mutations idéologiques et aux impératifs économiques, vont amener la monarchie à infléchir progressivement sa politique dans le sens d'une suppression radicale des péages. Lié par le respect des privilèges, dont il avait lui-même validé les titres et contribue à conforter la légitimité, l'état se révéla cependant incapable de rembourser les propriétaires. En considérant ces droits comme de simples usurpations, la révolution française brisa net cette contradiction. A cause des difficultés qu'il rencontra pour financer l'entretien des infrastructures, l'état dut se résoudre à recourir au péage, en lui conférant une légitimité strictement économique et en inventant des désignations nouvelles pour le démarquer des droits d'ancien régime : ce furent la "taxe d'entretien" sur les routes et l'"octroi de navigation" sur les rivières.
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Lahaie, Olivier. "Renseignements et services de renseignements en France pendant la guerre de 1914-1918 : 2ème bureau et 5ème bureau de l'Etat Major de l'Armée. ; 2ème bureau du G.Q.G. (section de renseignement, section de centralisation des renseignements) : évolutions et adaptations." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040032.
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En 1914, la France était bien renseignée sur la forme que prendrait l'agression allemande, mais les spécialistes du renseignement se sont heurtés au scepticisme du haut commandement. Avec le début de la guerre de tranchées, ce dernier désira connaître l'ordre de bataille adverse, l'état des pertes et la situation économique, politique ou morale en Allemagne. Des techniques nouvelles apparurent, servant à recouper les renseignements obtenus par voie humaine. Les S. R. Obtinrent la mise en place du Contrôle télégraphique puis postal, comme ils échafaudèrent une coopération interalliée en matière de renseignement. Les procédés employés par les agents ont connu une évolution continuelle tout au long de ces cinq années. Pour s'affranchir des contraintes de la guerre de positions, la dépose d'agents par avion a vu le jour en 1915. La coopération avec les réseaux de résistance belge et l'Intelligence Service a permis d'étendre les possibilités de l'espionnage à un niveau inégalé jusqu'alors. La Grande Guerre, guerre totale, fut aussi l'occasion de mettre sur pied des organes de recherche spécifiquement prévus pour la lutte économique ; enfin, l'aspect psychologique et propagandiste n'a pas été oublié, tant sur le front que loin derrière les lignes ennemies. Le contre-espionnage se développa également. Néanmoins, la crise des mutineries de 1917 a montré le rôle déplaisant que peut jouer un S. R. Quand il se tourne contre ses frères d'armes. L'implication de certains personnels des services secrets dans l'instruction des procès de trahison a achevé de ternir leur réputation. Le renseignement français était constitué d'une nébuleuse d'organismes, indépendant les uns des autres et parfois rivaux, mais qui tous tendaient vers un seul objectif : faciliter la victoire sur les Puissances centrales. Coexistaient deux univers bien distincts mais complémentaires : d'un côté, la branche créée et développée par l'E. M. A. , et de l'autre, celle créée par le G. Q. G. Au final, des trois généralissimes, ce fut Pétain qui tira le mieux parti de l'usage du renseignement ; il le fit avec intelligence, pour économiser la vie des soldats. Généralissime des armées alliées, Foch sut également s'en servir pour terrasser son adversaire. Parti de rien - ou d'à peu près rien - si l'on compare ses structures en 1918, le renseignement français a montré sa forte capacité d'innovation. Le conflit fut l'occasion d'expérimenter de nouvelles techniques d'action, lesquelles fixèrent peu à peu les règles en matière de guerre secrète, lesquelles permirent ensuite la naissance des services " spéciaux " de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Par un habile mélange, fait de réflexion et d'improvisations, par la volonté de s'appuyer sur des personnalités marquées, les S. R. Ont contribué très largement à vaincre l'Allemagne de Guillaume IIOn August, 1914, the French Intelligence Services knew German war plans, but intelligence specialists went against Joffre's scepticism. With the beginning of Trench Warfare, the French High Commander wished to inquire about enemy casualties, but also economic and political situation or morale in Germany. New techniques helped to control information gathered by Human Intelligence. The Secret Service imposed Telegraphic then Postal control, initiated an allied cooperation dealing with Intelligence Warfare. On 1915, new spying methods appeared, including use of planes to shake off enemy defences. Cooperation with Belgian and British Intelligence Services created preference conditions for spying. The Great War, which was a Total War, developed new kind of services dealing with Economic Intelligence. Propaganda and Psychological Warfare were developed as well, both on frontline and inside Germany. Counter-Intelligence was strengthened too, but the mutiny crisis of 1917 showed the danger of it when used against Brothers of Arms. At the end of World War I, implication of some officers belonging to the Secret Service in high treason trials tarnished their reputation. French Intelligence gathered many independent and rival services, but working all together to facilitate military victory on Germany and its Allies. Two distinct but complementary branches coexisted in France: one created by the “Etat-Major de l'Armée”, and the other by the “Grand Quartier General”. Among the three French High Commanders, Pétain was remarkable by the clever use of intelligence he made, in order to spare soldiers' blood. Supreme Commander of Allied Forces, Foch used it as well to lay Ludendorff low. From 1914 to 1918, French Intelligence proved its high capacity to innovate. W. W. I created favourable conditions to experiment new techniques, which were used after 1918 to develop the future “Special Services” of W. W. II. Thanks to a skilful mixing of consideration and improvisation, but also with the wish of gathering clever and firm individualities, French Secret Services really contributed to defeat Imperial Germany
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Darles, Alain. "Le centre communal d'action sociale : le bureau d'aide sociale dans la décentralisation." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR1001.
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Vestige d'une solidarite de voisinage ancestrale, le ccas se presente depuis la decentralisation et la loi "particuliere " de 1986 comme un organisme profondement rajeuni juridiquement par un ensemble de textes heterogenes dont les effets se cumulent et convergent pour constituer une reforme aussi importante que celle qui, en 1953, avait donne le jour a son predecesseur, le bureau d'aide sociale (bas). Le ccas est ainsi le produit d'une profonde mutation de son "conditionnement institutionnel", d'une renovation de son re gime juridique et d'un elargissement de son champ d'intervention desormais ouvert au "developpement social local". Pourt ant, n'ayant envisage que le cadre juridique du ccas sans lui donner les moyens (financiers et dimensionnels) correspond ants, la reforme le laisse aussi demuni qu'auparavent d'autant que, sur le plan institutionnel, l'autonomie que lui conf ere son statut d'etablissement public est plus que jamais une facade juridique n'ayant pour seule fonction que de permet tre l'individualisation et la diversification de certains aspects de la politique sociale communale, lesquels ne peuvent echapper a l'etroit controle de la municipalite du fait d'une dependance financiere et organique accrue. L'avenir du ccas se trouve ainsi au carrefour de plusieurs logiques : celle qui ne peut ignorer que son identite a pu jusque la le p reserver d'une intervention sociale trop partisane bien que cela puisse etre le pretexte, aujourd'hui, soit a sa margina lisation, soit a son integration administrative; celle qui doit prendre en compte l'ampleur nouvelle et le renforcement des responsabilites des collectivites territoriales decentraliseesFrom its origin the former structure of a social background was basically constitued on a solidarity of neighbourhood. The communal center of social action comes from this human event and it appears as an up-to-date sign of something that exist no more. The communal center of social action presents itself since both the decentralization and the pertaining l aw taken in 1986 as an organisation which comes up-to-date in term of juridical settlement through a wide heteregenous legislation. The own effects of this legislation taken altogether make a reform as important as the one which, in 1953, had given birth to its predecessor, le "bureau d'aide sociale" (social welfare office). Therefore the communal center of social action is the result of a process giving rise to a deep mutation of its institutional conditioning. In add, a re novation of its juridical system and the widening of its field of intervention make it open from now to the "local socia l development". From this topic, the reform has given to the communal center of social action the juridical context with out efficient means (financials and dimensionals). Therefore the reform leaves the communal center of social action a li ttle poorer than before it took place. So that on the institutional survey, this public establishment status confers it an autonomy, that is more than ever a juridical front having for only function to allow the individualization and the di versification of some aspects of the social communal politic
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Rosset, Philippe. "Les officiers du Bureau des finances de Lille : 1691-1790 /." Genève : [Paris] ([diff. Champion]), Droz, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35482179f.
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Vosgien, Sébastien. "Gouverner le commerce au XVIIIe siècle. Conseil et Bureau de commerce." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020071.
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Le Conseil et le Bureau du commerce constituent l’instance principale de l’administration royale du commerce au XVIIIe siècle. Bien que le roi n’assiste jamais aux séances hebdomadaires, cette institution, créée en 1700 et dissoute en 1791, a contribué à modeler l’économie française de l’époque. Installé au sommet d’une pyramide institutionnelle, cet organe est étroitement associé à l’élaboration et à l’application du droit économique, exerçant un véritable pouvoir par procuration en matière d’édiction de la norme. Un de ses traits les plus originaux consiste en la présence, très influente, de Députés du commerce. Ces Députés du commerce, au minimum, constituent un tiers-intervenant susceptible de crédibiliser l’institution par rapport aux forces vives de l’économie. Par ailleurs, une intégration institutionnelle forte tend à solidariser presque organiquement les chambres de commerce, les corporations et les manufactures avec l’instance centrale. Contrairement à une vision quelque peu réductrice d’une économie « dirigiste », le Conseil/Bureau du commerce, durant la première moitié du siècle, opère une économie d’une nature profondément conventionnelle. Concrètement, cette institution forme le point de rencontre de toutes les entités intéressées au commerce et le rapport de force s’avère ambigu entre le pouvoir et les opérateurs privés. Durant la seconde moitié du siècle, le Bureau du commerce change radicalement de politique, voire de doctrine, pour mettre en oeuvre un libéralisme économique « premier ». Le langage employé et l’intériorisation de concepts économiques et idéologiques nouveaux montrent le degré de pénétration de ce libéralismeThe Council and Bureau of commerce formed the major body of the royal administration of commerce in the XVIIIth century. Although the king never attended the weekly assemblies, this institution, created in 1700 and abolished in 1791, contributed to shape the French economy at the time. Placed at the top of an institutional pyramid, this organization is narrowly associated with the elaboration and enforcement of the economic right. One of its most prominent features is the very influential presence of Deputies of commerce. These Deputies, at least, constituted a third party liable to give credit to the institution in relation to the forces of the economy. In addition, a strong institutional integration tended to bring together almost organically the Chambres de commerce, the corporations and the manufactures with the central body. Contrary to a somewhat shortview vision of “dirigisme”, the Council/Bureau of commerce operated a deeply conventional economy throughout the first half of the century. This institution allows for the meeting of all the entities interested in commerce, and shapes the relationship between central power and private operators, which was seemingly ambiguous. During the second half of the century, the Bureau of commerce dramatically switches its politics, in order to build a “first” economic liberalism. The language and the appropriation of new economic and ideological concepts demonstrate the high degree of influence this liberalism enjoys
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Liaroutzos, Olivier. "L'identité professionnelle des agents administratifs : métier et image de soi." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080889.
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Peut-on se satisfaire aujourd'hui d'un deficit de donnees objectives concernant une population aussi nombreuse en france que celle des agents administratifs? cette question renvoie au theme de la reconnaissance professionnelle traite ici a p de l'hypothese selon laquelle les agents administratifs ont un metier. Tout d'abord, un bref apercu historique des representations du travail administratif et de ceux qui l'exercent permet de constater, au regard notamment des genres litteraires et theatraux a succes du xixe siecle, que depuis que le proces de la bureaucratie est ouvert, l'employe de b n'a cesse d'etre vilipende par l'opinion publique se plaignant de la puissance excessive de l'administration. Or il appa qu'aujourdh'hui encore, les agents administratifs sont tributaires de ces representations sociales. Autre periode marqua abordee ici, celle des annees soixante et soixante dix ou la sociologie des organisations ainsi que le mouvement de refl sur les classes sociales se sont interroges sur la place dans la societe de cette categorie "montante". La premiere part cette recherche se termine par la presentation de demarches identitaires d'agents administratifs qui tentent aujourd'hui d'exterioriser leur vecu professionnel. Une immersion de trois ans dans un important organisme public a ete l'occasion d reconstituer le parcours professionnalisant suivi par une cinquantaine d'agents administratifs ; c'est le passage de l'e au metier dont la description constitue la partie centrale de cette these. La notion de metier est prise ici dans le sen noyau dur de competences, un referent commun aux secretaires et aux agents de bureau. La nature du travail administratif elle, est definie a partir des obstacles rencontres par les agents lorsqu'ils evoquent leurs activites : une matiere tra impalpable (l'information), une finalite (l'administration accompagne une production), un rapport incertain entre temps de travail ecoule et produit obtenu, une notion de specialite professionnelle peu operatoire dans son sens traditi etc. Cette methode propre aux specificites du travail administratif appelle une interrogation plus generale, aboprdee en troisieme partie, sur le mode d'intervention du sociologue a l'entreprise. A quels moments de son approche est-il ooport de distinguer le travail reel des representations du travail? quelles positions et precautions sont a prendre par l'inte devant contribuer a passer de la meconnaissance d'un metier a sa reconnaissance?Can we content ourselves with the lack of objective data on a population as numerous in france as the administrative personnel? this is the issue of professional recognition which is here dealt with under the assumption that administrative personnel possesses craftsmanship. First, a brief historical sketch of the representations of administrat work and those that carry it out leads to the observation that, ever since the beginning of criticism against bureaucrac office clerks have always been disparaged by the public opinion complaining about the excessive power of administrations, for instance in popular literature and theater in the 19th century. As a matter of fact, even today, th administrative personnel remains tributary to this social representation. The 1960s and 70s are another important period of time, when the sociology of organizations and the movement of reflection on the social classes started to deal with t place of this rising category in the society. The first part of this research ends with a presentation of the administra personnel's search for an identity through the exteriorization of their professional experiences. A three-year field stu in a big public organization led to the reconstruction of the professionalcurriculum of abourt 50 office clerks ; the ce part of this thesis concerns the transformation of jobs into a crait. The concept of craft is here defined as a hard cor expertise, a common reference for secretaries and office clerks. As for the nature of administrative work, it is here defined through the obstacles encountered by the employes wehn describe their activity : an intangible material (information), indirect objectifes (the administration is a support for production), an uncertain ratio of work hours to yield, a definition of the professional specialty that is hardly operative in its traditional sense etc. This method, wh proper to the specificities of administrative work, leads to the more general issue of the sociologist's mode of intervention in an organization that is dealt with in the third part. At which stages of his approach is it necessary t0
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Deharbe, Karine. "Le bureau des finances de la généralité de Lyon du XVIe au XVIIIe siècles." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33023.
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Il s'agit d'examiner une institution d'Ancien régime, dans le cadre de sa circonsription, dans sa composition, dans l'exercice de ses activités, dans son milieu social, sur une période de deux siècle. Le Bureau des finances de la généralité de Lyon est une institutions composée d'officiers ayant acheté leur charge, et soumise à l'arbitraire royal et aux besoins perpétuels de financement de la mona chie. . Les officiers sont recrutés selon des modalités strictes; une fois admis, ils bénéficient d'un statut à la fois précaire et protecteur, dotés de privilèges, mais astreints à des obligations d'un p oids inégal. Les trésoriers de France dirigent et jugent les impositions royales et municipales et leurs agents, le domaine royal et ses agents et la voirie urbaine et rurale. Par le statut de ses officiers et le prestige de ses offices anoblissants, le Bureau détient dans la ville une place enviable, que lui disputent les autorités administratives et judiciaires locales. La respectabilité de ses membres est une compensation importante. L'institution disparaît à la Révolution, après l'échec des tentatives de réformes tentées par la royauté.
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Le, Quentrec Yannick. "Les employés de bureau et le syndicalisme : héritage culturel, identités socio-professionnelles et pratiques d'action collective." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20017.
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Notre recherche a pour objectif d'étudier les ressorts de l'engagement syndical chez les employés de bureau en rapport avec leur héritage culturel et leur trajectoire biographique d'une part, et, d'autre part, avec les traits identitaires qui les caractérisent au plan professionel et les différents types de pratiques des organisations syndicales en présence. Des données de terrain ont été recueillies à partir d'entretiens réalisés sur la base d'une grille de questions ouvertes auprès de quarante-six employés de bureau répartis à Cahors : la Banque populaire du Quercy et de l'Agenais et le Centre départemental des impôts, et à Toulouse, la Caisse primaire d'assurance maladie. L'engagement syndical des employés relève d'un processus de réappropriation des traditions politiques et syndicales famiales. Mais il est en même temps assez remanié par les effets conjugués et contradictoires des expériences initiales puis des expériences professionnelles. Les motivations qui guident les comportements syndicaux des employés de bureau se signalent par leur caractère évolutif et leur enchevêtrement complexe, bien que certaines spécifient davantage tel ou tel type d'engagement. Les perceptions du travail des employés de bureau sont marquées par la forte féminisation de ce groupe professionel tout en manifestant un souci commun aux hommes et aux femmes de s'investir davantage dans le travail. De manière générale, l'engagement syndical des employés de bureau comme leurs actions revendicatives s'inscrivent dans une dynamique qui vise à transformer leurs conditions de travail, à revaloriser l'image de leur groupe professionnel et à instaurer de nouvelles relations avec les organisations syndicalesThe object of our research is to study the workings of white-collar workers trades union activity as pertains to their cultural heritage and biographical development on the one hand and, on the other hand, the identity patterns characterising professional categories and the different types of trades union activity encoutered. Statistical figures were obtained by interviews conducted from a series of open questions to forty six white-collar workers in Cahors : the Banque populaire du Quercy et de l'Agenais, and the Centre départemental des impôts, and in Toulouse, the Caisse primaire d'assurance maladie. Workers trades union activity develops from a reappropriation process of political and union family traditions. However opinions are frequently modifies as a result of grouped and often contradictory first and professional experience. Motivations behind the union action of white-collar workers are characterised by their evolution and their complexity even if certain individuals tend towards one specific type of union action. Work perception as seen by white-collar workers is strongly affected by the important feminization of this professional group but is marked by a common desire for both sexes to personally invest more into their work
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Viela, Cécile. "Le bureau de bienfaisance de Bordeaux (1806-1940)." Bordeaux 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR40028.
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Les bureaux de bienfaisance sont des institutions publiques crees par la loi du 7 frimaire an 5 afin de distribuer des secours aux indigents demeurant a domicile. De ressort cantonal ou communal, ils se sont etablis avec plus ou moins de succes apres l'an 5. A bordeaux le gouvernement reorganise cette institution des 1806. Juridiquement l'établissement est autonome. Il dispose d'une commission administrative qui le dirige et la capcite de former un budget. Toutefois la tutelle administratve peut etre pesante et es possibilites financieres sont bien minces. Notre etablissement s'efforce alors d'attirer vers lui toujours plus de ressources en sollicitant la generosite des bordelais et celle de la ville. Ses ressources croissantes lui permettent bientot de developper une action preventive au cote de la simple delivrance de secours les limites de son role legal se revelent floues et ne cessent de soulever des interrogationsCharity office are public institutions created by law of 1796 in order to distribute aid to poor people staying at home. Within the competence the district ot the town, they have ween established with more or less succes after 1796. In bordeaux the governement has to reoganise this etablisment in 1806. This institution is autonomus , administrated by a commission and has a proper budget. However the administrative control is restricting and financial possibilities are limited. Our establishment collects its fund appealing to the generosity of bordeaux and its habitants with rising resources it develops a preventive action on top of the distribution of aid. The limits of its legal role are in fact fuzzy and pose a lot of questions
Books on the topic "France. Bureau des péages"
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An administrative bureau during the old regime: The Bureau of Commerce and its relations to French industry from May 1781 to November 1783. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1993.
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France. Parlement (1946- ). Assemblée nationale. Règlement de l'Assemblée nationale.: Instruction générale du Bureau. Constitution. 9th ed. Paris: Imprimé pour l'Assemblée nationale par la Société nouvelle des libraries-imprimeries réunies, 1993.
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Marguerite, Duras, and Pingeot Mazarine, eds. Le bureau de poste de la rue Dupin et autres entretiens. [Paris]: Gallimard, 2006.
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Chevailler, René. Les groupes francs: Libération sud, Vème bureau de l'Armée secrète : une résistance lyonnaise en armes. Lyon: BGA Permezel, 2004.
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Au bureau des affaires juives: L'administration française et l'application de la législation antisémite, 1940-1944. Paris: Découverte, 2006.
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minières, France Bureau de recherches géologiques et. Objectif terre: 50 ans d'histoire du BRGM. [Orléans]: BRGM éditions, 2009.
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Une administration royale d'Ancien Régime. Tours: Université François Rabelais, 2005.
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Caillou, François. Une administration royale d'Ancien Régime. Tours: Presses universitaires François-Rabelais, 2005.
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Kikushima, Ichirō. Furansu, Sangyōshō no soshiki kaikaku oyobi BRGM gurūpu no 1985-nen o chūshin to shita sakikin no katsudō jōkyō. Tōkyō: Kinzoku Kōgyō Jigyōdan Shigen Jōhō Sentā, 1987.
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Pavillon France: Shanghai expo 2010, Jacques Ferrier architectures, Cofres SAS. Paris]: Archibooks, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "France. Bureau des péages"
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Frau, Caroline. "« Un bureau de tabac, c’est de la rigolade comme commerce »." In Patrons en France, 317–28. La Découverte, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dec.offer.2017.01.0317.
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Glévarec, Hervé. "Annexe IX. Composition du Bureau de la Space de 1992 à 1996." In France Culture à l’œuvre, 409. CNRS Éditions, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.editionscnrs.31741.
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"II. Public Welfare and the Bureau d'Adresse." In Public Welfare, Science and Propaganda in 17th-Century France: The Innovations of Theophraste Renaudot, 21–59. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400871193-004.
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"III. The Conferences at the Bureau d'Adresse." In Public Welfare, Science and Propaganda in 17th-Century France: The Innovations of Theophraste Renaudot, 60–99. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400871193-005.
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Sibeud, Emmanuelle. "The elusive bureau of colonial ethnography in France, 1907–1925." In Ordering Africa. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526118714.00008.
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Barksdale Clowse, Barbara. "1918–1919." In A Doctor for Rural America, 91–103. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179773.003.0007.
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Bradley held clinics across France for families in flight, with special attention to tuberculosis victims. The great influenza pandemic brought new treatment challenges. When the only son of her closest friends was killed in the battle of the Argonne, Bradley again grieved deeply. Upon return from France, she did a Children’s Bureau study of over five hundred mothers in Georgia’s mountains, diagnosing and treating wherever possible.
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De Cossé-Brissac, Marie-Pierre. "Marie-Pierre DE COSSÉ-BRISSAC – Directrice du Bureau-Québec : Ministère des Affaires étrangères." In La coopération universitaire entre la France et le Québec, 151–53. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.51798.
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Barksdale Clowse, Barbara. "1917–1918." In A Doctor for Rural America, 73–90. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179773.003.0006.
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Working in four other southern states (Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi), Bradley chafed under scheduling and logistical pressures. World War I brought new opportunities for her when Julia Lathrop, the head of the Children’s Bureau, persuaded President Wilson to declare a “Children’s Year.” Then doctors working for the American Red Cross in France recruited Bradley to join them treating refugees and evaluating civilians’ health in war zones.
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Fall, Madior, and Jean-Michel Hourriez. "Applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Concept of the “Working Poor” to France *." In Welfare Reform, 41–51. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351299527-2.
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Sauzereau, Olivier. "Le Bureau des longitudes et les observatoires de la Marine en France durant la période révolutionnaire." In La mer, la guerre et les affaires, 125–41. Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pur.173607.
Full textConference papers on the topic "France. Bureau des péages"
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Kutrowski, Karine, Rob Bos, Jean-Re´gis Piccardino, and Marie Pajot. "Implementation of a Pipeline Integrity Management System at TIGF (France): The Added Value of the Pipeline Threats and Mitigations Module." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64123.
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On January 4th 2007 TIGF published the following invitation for tenders: “Development and Provision of a Pipeline Integrity Management System”. The project was awarded to Bureau Veritas (BV), who proposed to meet the requirements of TIGF with the Threats and Mitigations module of the PiMSlider® suite extended with some customized components. The key features of the PiMSlider® suite are: • More than only IT: a real integrity philosophy, • A simple intuitive tool to store, display and update pipeline data, • Intelligent search utilities to locate specific information about the pipeline and its surrounding, • A scalable application, with a potentially unlimited number of users, • Supervision (during and after implementation) by experienced people from the oil and gas industry. This paper first introduces TIGF and the consortium BV – ATP. It explains in a few words the PIMS philosophy captured in the PiMSlider® suite and focuses on the added value of the pipeline Threats and Mitigations module. Using this module allows the integrity analyst to: • Prioritize pipeline segments for integrity surveillance purposes, • Determine most effective corrective actions, • Assess the benefits of corrective actions by means of what-if scenarios, • Produce a qualitative threats assessment for further use in the integrity management plan, • Optimize integrity aspects from a design, maintenance and operational point of view, • Investigate the influence of different design criteria for pipeline segments. To conclude, TIGF presents the benefits of the tool for their Integrity Management department and for planning inspection and for better knowledge of their gas transmission grid.
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Dopheide, D., B. Mickan, R. Kramer, M. P. van der Beek, G. J. Blom, and J. P. Vallet. "The International BIPM/CIPM Key Comparison Reference Value for Natural Gas Flow at High Pressure and Its Metrological Meaning for Natural Gas Trading." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79151.
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The paper describes the background of the European Harmonized Reference Value for the cubic meter of Natural Gas at high pressure, which is in use in Germany, The Netherlands and France since May 4th, 2004. The harmonization process began on November 1st, 1999 between Germany and The Netherlands and has been finalized on May 4, 2004 due to the incorporation of the French LNE to the Harmonized Reference Value. The outcome was named: “Harmonized European Natural Gas Cubic Meter” as realized by three independent National Metrology Institutes. The prerequisites of the harmonization process, underlying procedures, results obtained so far and the mutual benefits will be pointed out as well as the economic consequences for the European market as well as for the international user. The paper shows the degree of equivalence between the three participating NMIs PTB, LNE and NMi-VSL. Under auspices of the BIPM (International Bureau for Weight and Measurers) as well as the CIPM (International Conference for Weight and Measures), which is the highest metrological authority worldwide, so called Key Comparisons (KC) have been conducted to get international reference values for all quantities of interest. Among these KCs, the flow area is of economic importance and Key Comparisons for natural gas flow at high pressure and larger flow rates have been conducted successfully. The outcome of such a KC is the international Key Comparisons Reference Value (KCRV), which is then considered to be the worldwide best available realization of Natural Gas Flow at high pressure. These KCs have been conducted among the National Primary Standards of all nations worldwide, represented by their National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and have been finalized in December 2004 and the KCRV has been approved by the BIPM in April 2005. It turns out at last that the international recommended reference value is exactly the same as the above mentioned European Harmonized Reference Value.
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Chen, Xuedong, Zhibin Ai, Zhichao Fan, Jiushao Hu, Weihe Guan, and Chuanqing Cheng. "Accidents Investigation and Risk Assessment of Chinese Industrial Pressure Pipelines." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77517.
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In recent years personal casualties and fire explosion accidents are often taken place due to pipe failure accidents of petrochemical enterprises in China. For more than a decade years, the authors have conducted extensive investigation and analysis on these accidents and consider that apart from the causes of man-made quality out-of-control and technical level, another major cause is the absence of experience accumulation of some medium environments induced failure accidents for design standards and codes, design units and designers, therefore, it is unable to prevent and control in-service risk factors at the design stage. Since 2003, we have conducted risk-based inspection and analysis of industrial pipelines of all types of units in about eighty large-scale oil refinery plants, chemical plants and chemical fertilizer plants under the jurisdiction of SINOPEC and PetroChina according to API581, API571 etc. in cooperation with Bureau Veritas, France (BV). Through these analyses, we have found out the major failure modes, mechanisms, likelihood and consequences of petrochemical industrial pipelines, and we also consulted the original design and installation documents of all pipelines, it is found that most of the high failure risks of petrochemical industrial pipelines are induced by inadequate consideration to environment induced failure mechanisms at the design stage. In order to avoid repetitive occurrence of these accidents, suggestions on improvement of design and manufacture methods in China are proposed in this paper, that is, the experience of in-service environment-related failures should be fed back to the organizations of design and manufacture standards, design institutions and designers by some effective means, and set up the design and manufacture platform based on risks and life in China, so as to control the risks of pressure pipelines away from accident over the whole life through such measures as reasonable material selection, structural optimization design, selection of reasonable manufacturing and installation process etc. at early stage of design and manufacture.
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Paboeuf, Stéphane, Pascal Yen Kai Sun, Laura-Mae Macadré, and Gaël Malgorn. "Power Performance Assessment of the Tidal Turbine Sabella D10 Following IEC62600-200." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54836.
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Recently, the tidal turbine Sabella D10 has been installed in the Fromveur Passage, off Ushant Island, in France. Sabella D10 is a 1 MW tidal turbine fully submerged and laid on the seabed with a horizontal axis and 6 blades. It is the first French tidal turbine producing electricity and connected to the electrical network. As tidal turbines are emerging technologies, the demonstration of the power performance in real conditions is vital for designers. Currently, few full scale prototypes have been tested at sea and even less have been integrated into the electricity grid. Due to this context, the standard IEC62600-200 Electricity producing tidal energy converter - power performance assessment has been applied only on a limited number of turbines and, as a consequence, industrials have a limited feedback on the use of the IEC62600-200. The aim of this paper is to detail the IEC62600-200 requirements for the power performance assessment, and the application case on the tidal turbine Sabella D10. The technical specification IEC62600-200 was issued in 2013 and describes the procedure for the power performance assessment of the tidal converters. This technical specification gives requirements for the site and test conditions, the measurement procedures and their exploitation to obtain the power curves. Finally, the reporting format of the results, is detailed to provide a complete document to the certification body. In the framework of the project Sabella D10, funded by ADEME, the power curves of the tidal turbine prototype D10 of Sabella have been established in cooperation with Sabella and Bureau Veritas according to IEC62600-200. They worked together for the interpretation of the technical specification, the exploitation of the measurements and the presentation of the results. The global procedure of IEC has been followed however some adaptations have been made to take into account the Sabella D10 specifics and site characteristics. Indeed, the Sabella D10 project started before the IEC62600-200 publication and some requirements have not been anticipated at the beginning of the project. The first objective of this analysis is to challenge the IEC methodology with an analysis of a real set of production data and to demonstrate the applicability of the technical specification. Additionally, the assumptions and the deviation with the IEC will be presented and some improvements of the standard will be proposed in conclusion.
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Métais, Thomas, Stéphan Courtin, Manuela Triay, François Billon, Pascal Duranton, Rudy Briot, Florent Bridier, Cédric Gourdin, and Jean-Pascal Luciani. "An Assessment of the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in the Fatigue Rules of the RCC-M Code Through the Benchmark With the EN-13445-3 Standard." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65397.
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The RCC-M code [1] is a well recognized international code and provides rules for the design and the construction of mechanical equipment for pressurized water reactors. It is used today for the nuclear industry exclusively, in countries such as France, South Africa and China and it is the basis for the design of the UK EPR to be built in Hinkley Point. The RCC-M code’s fatigue rules emanate from the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and are hence very similar, albeit they have evolved in their own way over time to include some R&D results and other evolutions. These rules are published by AFCEN which involves a wide range of international organizations from the nuclear industry such as Apave, Areva, Bureau Veritas, CEA, DCNS, EDF, EDF Energy, ONET-MHI, Rolls-Royce and Westinghouse. The EN-13445-3 [2] is a European standard which is mostly in use today in the conventional industry. Its fatigue rules are a compilation of rules from various national European codes, such as the German AD-Merkblatt, the British Standards, the Eurocodes for civil works and the French CODAP. The rules for fatigue are compiled in Chapters 17 and 18 of EN-13445-3 and have been the result of the work of contributors from major European organizations from the nuclear, oil and gas, chemical and mechanical industries: these include, among others, Areva, the Linde Group, CETIM, TÜV, and the TWI (The Welding Institute). Since the beginning of 2015, AFCEN has created a technical Working Group (WG) on the topic of fatigue with the objective of identifying the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in Fatigue analyses (SFUF) and of potentially proposing improvements in the existing fatigue rules of the code. Nevertheless, the explicit quantification of safety factors and uncertainties in fatigue is an extremely difficult task to perform for fatigue analyses without a comparison to the operating experience or in relation to another code or standard. Historically, the approach of the code in fatigue has indeed been to add conservatism at each step of the analyses which has resulted in a difficult quantification of the overall safety margin in the analyses. To fulfill its mission, the working group has deemed necessary to lead a benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard given its wide use through other industries. Two cases were identified: either the comparison with EN-13445-3 is possible and in this case, the identification of safety factors and uncertainties is performed in relation to this standard; either the comparison is not possible, in which case the overall conservatism of the RCC-M code is evaluated in relation with operating experience, test results, literature, etc... This paper aims at describing the overall work of the group and focuses more specifically on the results obtained through the benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard.