Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'France. Arméℓe'
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Pigeard, Alain. "Le service des vivres dans les armées du Premier Empire 1804-1815 (armée de terre)." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040045.
Full textAfter seizing power on 18 Brumaire, Bonaparte set to reorganizing the army he had inherited from the old regime and the revolution. Of all the reforms, the service of provisions, sorely extended during the campaigns of 1792 to 1799 would receive particular attention right up until the end of the Empire. Two distinct ministries would be created: the ministry of war and the ministry of war administration; with the service of provisions depending on the latter (the precise designation was to change frequently). The war administrators corps, created on the 29th of January, 1800, would have the highly demanding task of organizing the supply of troops that would roam throughout the European continent. The vast size of the armies and the increasingly distant campaigns would force napoleon to use inexact methods (requisitioning, special levying). The severest shortages would be felt during the Polish (1807), Russian (1812) Spanish and Portuguese (1807-1813) campaigns; the absence of provisions would sometimes be replaced by looting. Even with the best imperial will, the system never functioned correctly; the cost of the wars being a factor of considerable importance. The soldier was all too often forced to improvise; the Napoleonic wars would serve as
Bottin, Michel. "L' enseignement militaire français et le rayonnement de la France : de la IIIe République à nos jours." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010582.
Full textBerrette, Valérie. "Les engagés volontaires de l'armée de terre (EVAT) : l'influence de l'environnement social, familial et professionnel sur le métier de soldat." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H126.
Full textMost army soldiers fulfill their duties in « operational » battalions, the purpose of which is combat. In this perspective, they must be ready to deploy, at any time, to foreign theatres of operations where France would be concerned. More than a job, soldiers choose a way of life, heavily ruled by their professional constraints in terms of availability (factions, services, missions, trainings, foreign operations). A survey was carried out among 1940 soldiers using questionnaires and 62 individual interviews. This gave them the opportunity to express themselves on difficulties to conciliate social, family and personal lives with this profession. Young and single when taking on, they live at the battalion; liberated from material constraints and family duties, they are willing to be mobile. However, personal situation evolution, boredom due to the nature of the activity, an image that does not match military reality have an influence on these soldiers' dynamism
Heyriès, Hubert. "Les militaires savoyards et niçois entre deux patries (1848-1871) : Approche d'histoire militaire comparée armée française, armée piémontaise, armée italienne." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30004.
Full textIn 1860, 602 officers and 12 329 savoyards and nicois had to choice between france and italy in conformity with the treaty of turin signed the 24 mars of 1860 by france and piemont. This treaty gave the savoie and nice to france. So, from 1848 to 1871, these soldiers have been taken between two countries. There are three periods: -between two culturs, 1848-1860 -between two lands, 1860 -between provincial identity and national identity, 1860-1871 from 1848 to 1860, in the employ of the king of piemont-sardaigne, these soldiers chose army by tradition and by ambition. Soldiers of quality, the officers took advantage of wars in 1848-1849, 1855-1856 and 1859, but the system of recruiting imposed by the general la marmora maked heavy the conscription. So, civils and soldiers voted in majority to the reunion of savoie and nice to france the 15-16 and 22-23 april 1860. The passage of these soldiers in france has been easy. But the officers have been divided. The minority chose france with reticence. The majority chose italy by fidelity to the king, by national feeling and by ambition. But these choices have been tragic for many of them. From 1860 to 1871, the integration in france has been difficult and disappointing, and the french system of recruiting permitted an integration +by force;. In italy, the integration has been fast, the carriers more prosperous, the mutation from alpes to sicile accepted. But the relation ships with savoie and nice have not been cut. In 1870-1871, the war between french and germans waked up risorgimental dreams in italy, while savoyars and nicois, for the firs time, fighted for france and their lands. Gradually, the national identity and the provincial identity met and the integration became a reality
Espinosa, Carole. "L' armée et la ville en France de la Seconde Restauration à la veille du conflit franco-prussien (1805-1870)." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30040.
Full textThis doctorate concerns the relationships between the army and the towns in France and their contribution to the edification of the Nation, to the Second Restauration at the french prussian war (1815-1870). During the 19th century, army and town experience importants transformations, and both contribute to symbolyze the greatness of the Nation. In the context of a territory became more open at the ennemy's attacks, because of the mowing of the communication's network, specially the railway, a new defensive strategy is constructed, in whinch the town hold a major place. The military's aspects are integrated in to the organization of the territory and the urban's processing. This fact increase the military presence in town, specially military building projects in the city. More over, the army garantees the order in the city's most of them, became theter of violence, generated in this period by politicals and socials turbulences, results of the economicals tranformations. Finally, with in towns, military'presence take part in the edification of a new social connections. Ones linked to the large officer's presence among urban's elites, others connected to soldiers more closely to popular's preoccupations
Bodart, Benoit. "Les marsouins et bigors de 1880 à 1914. : étude anthropologique et prosopographique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30073.
Full textTitle : French marine troops (“marsouins”) from 1880 until 1914. Anthropologic and prosopographical study.In the wake of the 1870-1871 military defeat, France resumed its colonial expansion. Politicians on all sides, economists or investors justified “colonialism” in order to provide the country with troops specialized in overseas operations. In this context, French marine infantry and artillery units were specifically tasked with operating outside French soil in order to carry out the three stages of the colonial process: conquest, pacification and administrative management.This aim of this research is to get a better knowledge of the soldiers nicknamed “marsouins”, from their recruitment up to their deployment overseas. In addition to paying attention to the recruitment process, we’ll also focus on their training, so as to know whether these troops were endowed with the intellectual and physical qualities needed to operate in French colonies.In order to achieve this research, it was necessary to study about 4,500 Army registers to compile statistics. The exploitation of about 100 testimonies also allowed us to have a better understanding of the daily life of these troops, their motivations to sign up, the difficulties they experienced, as well as their joys, expectations in terms of promotions and awards.Moreover, we could observe that the “marsouin” was able to adapt to the different situations and circumstances he was faced with, in spite of the poor quality of the recruits and their too limited number between 1880 and 1914. However, these troops had a bad reputation which tended to improve as the French colonial empire grew and got stronger
Koch, Roland. "L' armée du Rhin : 1870, analyse d'une défaite." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30027.
Full textWhy the Army of the Rhine, strong of 200. 000 men, was beaten in the space of a few days? The defeat was not inescapable. An objective study of the facts makes it possible to prove the inanity of the generally advanced explanations. A victory or at least a less ashamed defeat was still possible. The French Army was more solid than it was claimed and Moltke was a methodical but noninfallible General. The French high command could not benefit from its imprudences and its errors. It is thus the incompetence so much strategic which tactical which is in question, in particular that of Bazaine, named, under the pressure of the Court, commander-in-chief of the armies on August 12
Lavie, Xavier. "Le chef des armées en France (1791-1981)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30047.
Full textFrom 1791 to 1981, the establishment of the head of army is given a constitutional definition. But the power is not restricted to texts and an exercise has enabled to precise its scope. Louis xvi is the commander in chief of army and navy. The revolutionary constitutional texts lead to a negative definition of the function but the directoire will have the armed forces at its disposal. The empire will see the civilian chief of the armed forces. Under the restauration, the function of the state leader includes the function of commander in chief. The president has at his disposal the armed forces in 1848. Louis napoleon will be c. I. C. Then in 1852. With the marshalship, the third republic transfers the institution of "head of army" and state leader from the monarchy to the republic. Function of c. I. C. Is chairman for defense in comittees and or councils. This chairmanship being mainly political. The leader has the qualities devoted to the c. I. C. , he has "the" political command and 'a' military command. The relationship between the political leader and the c. I. C. Is essentially a civilian matter. The political establishment of the head of army overcomes the military chain of
Paveau, Marie-Anne. "Le langage des militaires : éléments pour une ethnolinguistique de l'Armée de terre française." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040322.
Full textSoldiers of the land constitute a linguistic community. Our society has a stereotyped and homogeneous vision of his community. .
Jauffret, Jean-Charles. "Parlement, gouvernement, commandement : l'armée de métier sous la troisième République : 1871-1914." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010534.
Full textPourre, Catherine. "Les interventions extérieures de l'armée française." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131020.
Full textThe outside interventions of French army are decided by the executive's chief. The constitution, legislative and statutory texts have founded and reinforced his preeminence, abolishing the original diarchy. The Gulfs war and cohabitation's periods have confirmed this supremacy. His will can not be inflected only by public opinion, the legislative power not being in possession of efficient powers. To take his decision, he has civil and military supports at one's disposal. The progress of European construction (the two last treaties on European Union) in foreign affairs and defense matters have not yet reached the decision's autonomy of executive's chief, despite the development of new constraints, the European parliament's quest for powers, and the latent risk of a European constitution's adoption. Not having powers to lead far military interventions, France must develop bilateral and multilateral military cooperations, which at term risk to reduce his decision's freedom and action's autonomy. But this freedom is already limited by a increasing juridism of international society and a surveillance of its actors. France must respect and base her actions on law rules and precise international pratices. As a result of this juridical framing and a faint African policy, France is pushed to revise his position and actions on the African continent (interruption to support some governments, revision of defense's accords, creation of an African intervention's force). To keep his rank, she has multiplied all out her participations to United Nations's operations and to military and humanitarian operations. But these operations have not always answered to her interests, and have sometimes raised criticisms, pushing France to re-examine her military intervention's policy
Lubac, Michel. "La politique de communication sur la professionnalisation des armées françaises (1996-2002)." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10040.
Full textJakubowski, Sébastien. "D'une institution d'Etat à une organisation : le cas de l'armée de terre française professionnalisée : contribution à une sociologie de l'autorité et des processus de transformation." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50377-2005-13.pdf.
Full textPetit, Romain. "L' esprit de défense à l'épreuve de la professionnalisation de l'armée française : transformation d'un appareil d'État singulier, 1996-2007." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30035.
Full textThe advent of the all-volonteer forces has led to a profound change in the French defence system. The suspension of the draft, a new policy attuned to international and European issues, the restructuring of public management and the increasing weight of humanitarian concerns have combined to bring about a reshaping of the identity of the French soldier. To fully grasp the extent of such a reform and its impact on defence awareness within French society is the primary aim of this dissertation. The survival of the bond between the nation and its armed forces in the context of globalization and new strategic policies, together with the necessary mending of the social fabric loom large in the following pages
Bruyère-Ostells, Walter. "Les officiers de la Grande Armée dans les mouvements nationaux et libéraux (1815-1833)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040045.
Full textThe Grand Army officers take part in national and liberal actions in France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greese, Belgium, Poland and South America. They play a great part in the army and politics as well. South America or Greece recruit officers by contracts ; in Napoli, in Piedmont, France, Belgium or in Poland, most Napoleonic officers act by conviction. They are liberal with bonapartist liking or, less often, with orleanist liking. Real boonapartist are few and most officers don’t prefer any dynasty before 1830. That’s why Louis-Philippe was accepted in July 1830. Among officers, many are republicans, either moderate or radical. They are numerous among either in the 1789’s or even in Marie-Louises. In additional, National feeling explains their commitment, even in foreign parts. During uprisings for national liberty (France, Belgium), commitment can be spontaneous but in other revolutions (Italy, Greece), it can be the result of underground groups. Officers stay in European liberal towns. There, free masonry is still a mind society but doesn’t choose between liberalism and conservatism. So, officers join secret societies like carboneria. Their action is real but itisn’t a European union
Cousin, Janine. "Le Petit Parisien et l'Armée de 1905 à Août 1914." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010638.
Full textMartini, André. "L'aéromobilité des forces terrestres, une innovation tactique majeure : l'armée de terre française et la troisième dimension : naissance, évolution et perspectives : 1794-2004." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30018.
Full textThere is a continuity between the men who climb on the balloons in the years 1794 and those who serve to day in the army aviation. Both use aeronautical technics to the greatest and direct benefice of the land forces. If the use of third dimension par the land forces has actually known a growth after the second world war with the emergence of the helicopters, the period before has to be known because it allowed the ground forces to build a base on which the growth of the modern aeromobility has been possible. The decolonisation wars have favoured the emergence of a third dimension mind which increased during the cold war. But an excessive concentration of the aeromobile means and budget restrictions have moved away the aeromobility from the army. Today, a new concept and new aircraft allowed the revival of an efficient cooperation between the army and its aeromobility
Thomassin, Luc. "Les officiers des régiments de Chasseurs d'Afrique (1832-1848)." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE4056.
Full textFrom the outset, the Chasseur d'Afrique, especially the 1 st, enjoyed great social cachet. Officers of metropolitan regiments volunteered to serve ordinary troopers, and almost all the senior cavalry officers of the French Army in the later years of the century had served with chasseurs d'Afrique at some point in their careers. There was never any lack of volunteers at any rank. The four regiments all participated in the continuous Algerian fighting of the 1832s and 1848s. Their main roles were the escort and reconnaissance for columns, rear security during siege operations, strike and pursuit work. The charges were usually against heavy numerical odds. Despite the irresolution of these early years, however, the foundations of the Armée d'Afrique had been laid. The chasseurs d'Afrique were continuously engaged in operations similar to those of, in all the small offensives and campaigns of France's conquest of Algeria
Houenou, Seminakpon Arnaud. "Les nouveaux accords de défense franco-africains et la politique de sécurité de la France." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30060.
Full textEstablished in the 1960s with the independence of territories of the former French empire, the defense cooperation allowed the old French, colonial power to continue to maintain its influence in Africa, while at the same time establishing autonomous national African armies. Unfortunately some of the political and military choices made by France and the instrumentalization risks of a strictly bilateral involvement, have revealed the archaism of French – African relations, and have generated a crisis in cooperation. Having become inadequate due to changes in the international political arena that occurred in the 1990s characterized by the end of bipolarity, the French defense cooperation African has suffered from international competition from the commitment of African States to the effective exercise of their sovereignty as well as their full involvement in globalization and in new areas of solidarity and international cooperation, and from terrorist threats.In subscribing to the realist security approach, and considering the political-sociological constructivist theory of national interest defended by Alexander Wendt on the one hand, and on the other hand the regional security complex concept by Barry Buzan, this study proposes to show how France has put in place a new security policy based on new defense agreements in Africa, the continent closest to Europe in a context of proven strategic breakdown and security threats. Defined in a global regional context, this study demonstrates the strategy of France for security in Africa in a partnership that should be both transparent and efficient
Giacomino, Claude Jean. "L'Outre-mer à travers le journal militaire officiel de 1873 à 1914." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30047.
Full textFrom 1873 to 1914, two thousand four hundred and eighty eight, presidential and government documents related to the overseas forces were published in the military official gazette. These documents implemented and put into working order all the troops of this wast army within the french colonies and protectorates according to their military situations and the progress of colonization the precision of the orders given in these documents is remarkable : they are all meticulously accurate in the slightest details. Nevertheless, they constantly reminded the officiers in charge to carry out the orders with some flexibility according
Lespinois, Jérôme de. "De la défense du sanctuaire à la projection : l'armée de terre française des années 1970 à 1996." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040198.
Full textChazaud, Quentin. "Les régiments de zouaves de l'armée française sous le Second Empire, une société militaire du premier âge industriel." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040028.
Full textFrom contemporaries recordings as well as remembrances in the collective thought, zouaves are found to be the emblematically significant soldiers of Napoleon III's reign. Who were they ? This thesis is a form of " collective biography " of these men, based on a deep sociological survey from primary sources, as well as a tactical study of troops employment, in order to find out if they were the so called " elite " of their fame. My intention was also to make a prospective reflection about the impact of technological progress on a conscriptionless army, in relation with nowadays army reforms
Calvet, Stéphane. "Les officiers charentais de la Grande Armée : la gloire, la reconnaissance et le rang dans la France du XIXe siècle." Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG1074.
Full textAt a time when several historians are taking an innovative look on military societies and when studies on the First Empire are more and more numerous, this book sets out of focus on the careers of professional especially concerned with the officers of the french department of Charente, an administrative district marked by its supposed bonapartism. The fist part aims at piecing together the careers of these officers to bring into light the way unequal opportunities characterized theses careers. Studying war violence and social backgrounds makes it easy to understand the disappointment of these men who gained their epaulettes dearly. The purpose of the second part is to observe and study the claims of veterans after the downfall of Napoleon. Numerous sources, both public and private, show that these men hoped for a fair acknoledgement of their services by the nation they had fought for. The third part contributes to assessing the extent of the disappointment as the officers who were covered in honours only came from wealthy backgrounds and could therefore maintain their social position. However for a great number of officers the sacrifices they had made during the war did not enable them to climb up the social ladder
Catros, Simon. "Sans vouloir intervenir... : Les états-majors généraux français – Armée, Marine, Armée de l’Air et Colonies – dans la prise de décision en politique étrangère, 1935-1939." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040106.
Full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the rich historiography of France’s foreign policy in the 1930s. Its aim is to explore the specific role played by France’s general staffs in shaping foreign policy, drawing largely on sources that have recently come to light. Employing a combination of structural analysis and case studies, it focuses on a five-year period for the purpose of examining the role played by France’s general staffs in the decision-making process, both in routine affairs and in each succeeding diplomatic crisis, from the proclamation of Germany’s rearmament to the Wehrmacht’s offensive in Poland. The study begins by exploring the general staffs’organization, composition, and functioning, as well as their relations with the Foreign Affairs Ministry and the place they occupied in the decision-making process. An analysis of their perceptions of the diplomatic and strategic situation, and of domestic and international political developments, sheds light on the multiple, complex, and occasionally contradictory motives behind their interventions in foreign policy. Lastly, a study of the forms of intervention and a review of their results reveal the significance and, in some cases, the decisiveness of the general staffs’ role in shaping French diplomacy from Rome in January 1935 to Moscow in August 1939, by way of Stresa, London, and Munich
Lozano, Thierry. "Général GOUPIL : aléas, contingences et opportunités d’un parcours d’officier dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20025.
Full textThis thesis has two objectives. The first is to present the biography of Bernard Goupil, Saint-Cyrien of the "Leclerc" class 1946-1948. As an example, it will be a question of participating in the development of a prosopography of the group of officers of the second half of the 20th century. The second objective is to study the singularity of a journey of its continuities, its ruptures and bifurcations. Between ideal-type and exceptionality, the observation of this pathway reveals the processes and logic of selection in action within the military institution to reward the best elements. However, this selection is not always rational and highly depends on politico-military contexts
Catros, Philippe. "Des citoyens et des soldats : histoire politique de l'obligation militaire en France de la Révolution au début de la Troisième République (1789-1872)." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20059.
Full textThe liberal French Revolution of 1789 rejects all ideas of military service but, forced by the 1789 armed revolution and radicalisation that led to war, the French revolution is compelled to resort to enforcing enrolment before it established a military conscription and defining five classes of conscripts for the Republic. Making use of this conscription, Napoleon's government develops it further by enforcing recruitment which makes military enrolment rational recruitment. This is the kind of enforced recruitment that the French Restauration will put in place in 1818 under the name of " appeal ", having abolished the conscription for building up a professional army. But the same tensions are experienced as during the rising up of the French Revolution during the XIXth century. In opposition to those who want to identify citizens with soldiers, those who want to reduce the standing army which demonstrates too openly the military power of the State or those who want to turn the national guard into a national militia, those who want to bring together citizens and soldiers by turning the standing army into a national military high school, there are always those who want a distinct differenciation between the civil and military society of the State - it is them who defend the possibility of replacement and a long lasting military service. From the " Monarchy of Juillet " to the second French Empire, they were responsible for the failure of numerous projects of reform. In fact, we must wait for the emergence of Prussian power, and especially the disaster of 1870, to establish again the principle of personal service. Nevertheless the syncretism of 1872, for which the main point is the deletion of the replacement, does not identify symbolically the citizen with the soldier as was the case during the French Revolution, and furthermore, it does not see in each citizen an effective soldier. The professional army born under the French Restauration does not disappear, even if it has a new function : that of providing military training to new citizens. Finally the law of 1872 establishes two principles : obligation for every citizen to enrol during wartime - legitimated by patriotic duty - and a first military organisation of the nation (not in the form of this armed militia claimed since the French Revolution - an army merged in the nation - but in the form of an armed nation, with a military system geared to enrol its citizens during wartime
Kerbourch, Noël. "La Marine française et le conflit terrestre en 1870-1871." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040126.
Full textThe 1870 war was characterized by the important participation of the Navy in the land operations although naval activity was limited. In fact, the Navy put 29,000 men and substantial arms at the disposition of the army. Firstly, one may well ask why this situation arose. Why did the Navy aid the army and what was the value of a sailor as a soldier? Secondly, the participation of the Navy in land operations must also be examined. That means studying the transfer of men and materials from the Navy to the army, the necessary transportation of troops by the Navy and the extent of armament introduction. And of course, the bravery of the sailors must not be forgotten either. Finally, it needs to be ascertained as to whether the French Navy proved to be up to justifying the financial expenditure carried out by the Second Empire in the naval sector
Hamelin, Fabrice. "La spécificité militaire, une construction institutionnelle : le cas de la formation des officiers du génie aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0038.
Full textAbel, Jonathan 1985. "Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, Comte De Guibert: Father of the Grande Armée." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700071/.
Full textBella, Ambada Mireille. "Violence symbolique, sexe et religion : la féminisation de l'armée française à l'épreuve des discriminations sexistes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2134.
Full textThe Army and religion are two institutions in which symbolic violence is exerted. Military women, like most other social agents practise religion. At the individual level, their religious practice is intertwined with the subjectivity of their own rapport with religion whereas, at the collective level, this religious practice stems from their cultural and institutional norms. This doctoral thesis aims to analyse the use of the religious device or religious recourse by military women in order to tackle symbolic violence. We have chosen a socio anthropological approach backed by a historical perspective to assess implications, mutations and « divides » of an institution that is presented as misogynist. Analyses were based on qualitative and quantitative surveys on the research field in France specifically in two military camps in the Region Rhône Alpes within two regiments and secondarily Great Britain. Religious subjectivity and cultural institutional practices of military women helped to highlight/stress the divides as well as the sham related to the mutations military women imposing on them a kind of a « cost » which compell military women to « bear the cost » of professional integration
Villerabel, Gustave. "Le service de santé des armées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32010.
Full textMaurin, Jean-Louis. "Les militaires et l'organisation de leurs relations avec les médias en France." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10027.
Full textOur aim is to show how the French armed force organize their relations with the media in peace time, war time and urgency time and what are their means to do it
Catros, Simon. "Sans vouloir intervenir... : Les états-majors généraux français – Armée, Marine, Armée de l’Air et Colonies – dans la prise de décision en politique étrangère, 1935-1939." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040106/document.
Full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the rich historiography of France’s foreign policy in the 1930s. Its aim is to explore the specific role played by France’s general staffs in shaping foreign policy, drawing largely on sources that have recently come to light. Employing a combination of structural analysis and case studies, it focuses on a five-year period for the purpose of examining the role played by France’s general staffs in the decision-making process, both in routine affairs and in each succeeding diplomatic crisis, from the proclamation of Germany’s rearmament to the Wehrmacht’s offensive in Poland. The study begins by exploring the general staffs’organization, composition, and functioning, as well as their relations with the Foreign Affairs Ministry and the place they occupied in the decision-making process. An analysis of their perceptions of the diplomatic and strategic situation, and of domestic and international political developments, sheds light on the multiple, complex, and occasionally contradictory motives behind their interventions in foreign policy. Lastly, a study of the forms of intervention and a review of their results reveal the significance and, in some cases, the decisiveness of the general staffs’ role in shaping French diplomacy from Rome in January 1935 to Moscow in August 1939, by way of Stresa, London, and Munich
Baspeyre, Claude. "Les Français en Haute Égypte comment une armée régulière s'est adaptée à une guerre de harcèlement /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textLagache, Stéphane. "Sélection et allocation de la ressource humaine dans les régiments de l'armée de terre : réflexions sur la conscription." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989IEPP0010.
Full textKlein, Luc. "Le contrôle institutionnel de la force armée en démocratie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA010.
Full textThis dissertation aims at understanding how contemporary democratic systems deal with the existence of the armed forces within them and how they manage to use them, while respecting their principle of government. The two methods chosen are, on the one hand, the history of the institutions and, on the other hand, the study of the parallels between the legal systems (mainly that of the United States and of France). Using these tools, the dissertation aims at finding a balance both vertical (between the constitutionnal powers and the armed forces) and horizontal (between the constitutionnal powers themselves regarding the armed forces)
Montroussier, Laurence. "Éthique et commandement au XIXe siècle : Le sens du devoir du chef militaire français à travers les mémoires, 1799-1848." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30039.
Full textThanks to a database containing 651 memoirs written by French army officers on duty between 1799 and 1848, we have been able to make out a sample of a hundred representative memoirs. The study of the defined corpus allowed us to discuss the different views of the military sense of duty throughout the wars of the first half of the nineteenth century related by their witnesses. A first part itemizing the different types of army officers according to their professional or educational background (upgrading from schools or service), their rank (general, colonel, captain, non-commissioned officers) brought to the fore the moral values spread among the army heads. A second typology based on the different types of conflicts (conventional and specific wars)showed that the sense of duty of army heads depended on the situation they had to deal with. Finally, it seems that the type of war rather than the heads themselves conditioned the representation of the sense of duty
Duchamp, Jean-Luc. "Mobilité, stratégie et reconversion : le retour à la vie civile des cadres des armées titulaires d'une pension de retraite." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H011.
Full textWe have pointed out the whole importance of the interaction between the work in the military forces and the labour market and we have explained that the transfer of military qualifications involves changes in the professional status that are necessary for the second civil career. Although army professionals (due to the low age it linked with their status) return to civil jobs at an age when there is considerable affinity between social identity and social position, we can show that when no conversion occurs, the identification to the pre-retired section is a means of limiting a certain debasement linked to the early end of people's professional lives. Therefore, the return to civil life is merely a problem of inadequate conversion rather that one of lack conversion, this is easily accepted specially because the military administration has encouraged those who requested professional and social mobility. From these remarks, we have drafted out six models accounting for the original behaviour, they put an emphasis on the strategies of the return to civil life that derive from professional and social mobility
Texier, Mélanie. "La fabrique d’une identité légionnaire incorporée : construction des pratiques langagières des légionnaires à l’intersection des discours de cohésion militaire et de pluralité linguistique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20012.
Full textThis thesis relates to linguistic practice for the French Foreign Legion which build and update a professional built-in identity. We have to consider that discourses relating to military cohesion and diverse military bodies involved create an arbitration which allows to internalize and recompose identities for the individuals and the group to mix and feel part of the same plurality. At the intersection of works and military sociology, this thesis explores the language sciences and discourses analysis. My analysis relates to the manor in which lexical, semantic, enunciated and discursive resources display language practice which organise, direct its sense and mobilise a border/ chair debatable where we insert fragment of materiality, language objects in order to develop a group. Three corpus were developed to define / interrogate this border: A corpus made of scientific-military research questionnaires ; a corpus issued from the song books from the French Foreign Legion ; a corpus tracking the constructions and group relationships in Sidi-Bel-Abbès, which use to be the legion capital. From these various linguistic data, two other corpus were developed from the foreign legion members’ discourses : one corpus on the group of officers with officers named as “Legion”; one corpus on the group of troupe thanks to the participation of ex legionnaires and sous-officer of the French Foreign Legion. I demonstrate that developing a military corpus does not consist only in making it but also by structuring it with a dynamic where cohesion is a discursive link which imply to make, to make do, to make with, to say, to push someone to say and to say with
Lemaire, Jean-François. "Blessures et blessés dans les armées napoléoniennes." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040099.
Full textNapoleon instigates great artillery's entrance on the stage. Cannons will henceforth induce the battle's end, with the help of a strategy based on the quickness of action: "cannons and cannons again, but lightning before all". As a paradox, a moral obligation to help the wounded appears during an II. A soldier becomes a real citizen deserving consideration and recognition. Napoleon is at variance with surgeons. He wants to have full freedom of action in battle, fields; but the surgeons wish to attend quickly the wounded. As he realizes the great number of wounded, napoleon changes his mind. The analysis of his correspondence reveals that he began to elaborate a real wounded evacuation's plan at the end of 1813. But it is already too late. On the other hand, the analysis of wounded's personal documents may deceive. The drawing up of wounds does not help to understand their level of gravity, level that can only be appreciated if the same wound appears again. As personal documents stays doubtful, all memories and correspondence set up the best authority. Their great abundance empowers a wholesome strainer
Abel, Jonathan 1985. "Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, comte de Guibert: Father of the Grande Armée." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67951/.
Full textPrivat, Jean-Marie. "Le chef d'état-major des armées." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05D001.
Full textHis unique position within the national defence places the army staff leader (ASL), the most important military dignitary of the state, at the parting of the military and the political ways. He must therefore be stuck both in his original world - the military institution - and in the political one, next to the authorities with which he has constant relations. But the subject interest is not limited to his position in each of these two worlds, to a juxtaposition of these two men in one only. On the contrary, the key of the investigation consists in a study of the staff leader's status and functions through the relations between these two worlds, between the political and the military ones. The ASL is first a general officer whose cursus honorum will show the long progress. The ASL is then a general within the limits of politics. As first military man, he personifies the military authority in his relations with the civil power ; what confers to his status a virtually political character. The comprehension of the ASL's role needs the settling of a demarcation line between his different functions. For this, his action must be placed within its "natural" environment, the one of the military institution. So, the SUMMA divisio would only be determined in comparison with it, from the exo or the "endogenous" criterion. The ASL exogenous functions lead him to be in relation both with the defence direction authorities and management ones. The ASL has also several endogenous responsibilities throwing in the most important military bodies. To finish with, the ASL is the regulator of an army's order and movment dialectic serving the political power and weakening the military authority. It is never the less necessary to go beyond a classical opposition between these power and authority if we want to underline the military and the political interdependence
Cassagne, Amaury de Rufflet Martial. "Le lien armée-nation : historique et perspective /." Montpellier : Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41244800z.
Full textGorau, François. "La vénalité des charges militaires en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040144.
Full textThe purchase of military charges known as the "venality" of military officers' commissions came early into use and was a wide phenomenon in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries, especially in the royal household. Because of the scarcity of regulative texts, the frequency of illegal acts and the ambiguous attitude of the state towards its deviations, this institution is a complex system with ill-defined limits, which is a characteristic trait of the Ancien regime. The study of notarial records and chroniclers' memorials can help measure the economic and social import of the venality of commissions in officers' circles, be they courtiers or country gentlemen. Although the evolution and the end of this institution were different from those of secular offices, they testify nonetheless to the powerlessness of the monarchy to adapt its reforms to the new ideas of the XVIIIth century
Perron, François. "Le débat Armée-nation en France au début du XXè siècle : la pensée militaire de Jean Jaurès." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF10073.
Full textVuillemin-Prudhomme, Stéphanie. "Les objets de l’identité arménienne : de l’observation des façons de faire avec les objets à la captation du lien identitaire : enquête de terrain en région parisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0600.
Full textFrom observations taken in the Parisian area about Armenian objects, my research is in line with the new anthropology of sensitivenesses. The fine observations of the manners to do with objects during the interview is considered here asa means to obtain (touch?) the complexity of the identity link in diaspora. Put in perspective the issues of an interview and the process that identify things, allows realizing the fact that the objects are material and intangible things which take consistence during a placement of relation. Work to the crossing of the questions of identity and of objects allows equally to seize the fact that the processes of identification form themselves and distort themselves while the otherness contruct itself
Buttner, François. "De la sécurité des établissements publics à la défense de l'Empire : histoire des compagnies de réserve départementale 1805-1814." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30011.
Full text"compagnies de reserve departementales" were organized by emperor napoleon in 1805 and disbanded by king louis the eighteenth in 1814. They were composed of recruits, commanded by retired officers and paid on funds of cities and "departements". Such units were created later in every new "departement" of the french empire. Formerly, their mission was the security of "prefectures" and of some public buildings. In fact, "prefets", who were directly in command of them, gave them missions concerning law and order : search of uncompliant recruits, convoy of prisoners of war. . . Furthermore, the emperor drew in their ranks large reinforcements for his armies, especially from 1808 (for spain) to 1813 (for saxony). The destiny of those drafts, during somewhat unknown operations, and their actions against invasion in 1814 are also presented
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Sellin, Thierry. "Le domaine réservé du président de la Ve République, chef des armées (1981-2002)." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES5004.
Full textThe duality initiated by the 1958 Constituion has been described by Georges Burdeau as a duality between democracy and the State. A major characteristic of the new constitutional arrangement was the reinstatement of State power embodied in a President conceived as a check to democracy represented by the National Assembly. The crisis in Algeria further reduced the parliamentary aspect of the Constitution due to, as Léo Hamon put it, de Gaulle "filling a gap". Hence the controversial concept of "presidential prerogative" in the domains of defence ans diplomacy. Overstepping his formal competence and specific powers, the President clearly encroached upon the Prime Minister's constitutional powers. Was the election of a left-wing president in 1981 to call into question this paradigm by now regarded by some as conventional ? Our contention is that the presidentalist interpretation of the Constitution by President Mitterrand confirms and reinforces the role and function of the representative of State power. Paradoxically, however, this confirmation of a "contra legem" practice following a change of majority and the subsequent conversion of the last opponents, may have meant a real shift in its actual implementation. Reinforced by the first "cohabitation", the biased power-sharing exercice was soon - with the first hung parliament in the history of the Fifth Republic and the prospect of long-term cohabitation - to enter a kind of spiral where the many variables, both internal and external, of the institutional environment invariability tend to devitalise an essentially monistic convention legitimating princedom
Sinnassamy, Christophe. "Défense nationale et contexte budgétaire : à la recherche de l'optimisation financière de la politique d'équipement militaires des forces armées." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0009.
Full textThe international strategic re-organisation and drastic military cost reductions have modified the French Defence concept and it is inescapable for the national armament industry to be reconfigured. Among a competitive international environment, this one has thus to constantly adapt in order to guarantee its permanence and to provide the armies with the equipment required to fulfil their missions. Due to the successive military planning laws and the subsequent weapon programme delays, new structural difficulties have appeared in an area where the new technologies and inconsistent threats make it necessary to react quicker. In fact, it is now necessary that more financial ressources should be granted to the MoD and the DGA in particular, even if this entails an adaptation of the institution. For, it should be admitted that the innovating funding methods and the increasing share that subcontractors take, have dramatically reduced the strictly governmental share in the French Defence