Journal articles on the topic 'Framing (Building) Design and construction'
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Bluestone, Daniel. "Framing Landscape While Building Density:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 506–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.4.506.
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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Chicago developers, architects, and residents defined a new residential vernacular: brick courtyard apartments, which massed units in low-rise buildings around landscaped courtyards, often open to the street. These buildings accommodated higher levels of residential density and seemingly did the opposite as well—preserved and cultivated nature. The Chicago courtyard apartment creatively negotiated the social and cultural tension between reverence for the iconic single-family house and an urban society increasingly occupying multiple-unit dwellings. The designs drew upon the interest in sunlight, air circulation, and natural landscape that influenced contemporary tenement house reform, urban hospital design, the small park and playground movement, and the rethinking of the dimensions and possibilities of residential lawns and gardens. In Framing Landscape While Building Density: Chicago Courtyard Apartments, 1891–1929, Daniel Bluestone looks closely at specific Chicago courtyard apartments, unpacking the design and cultural logic at play in their construction.
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Quiel, Spencer, and Shalva Marjanishvili. "Progressive Collapse Mitigation in Multistory Tilt-up Structural Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.698.
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Low-rise office buildings constitute a large portion of the building inventory that is governed by criteria published by the US government. In recent efforts to save costs, building owners and others in this construction sector have explored the use tilt-up construction for these facilities, which eliminates the perimeter steel framing and integrates the concrete façade into the load bearing structure. According to the criteria, many of these buildings meet the height and occupancy thresholds for which progressive collapse resistant design is required. Two major US government agencies, DoD and GSA, provide methodologies for progressive collapse analysis of common structural systems. However these guidelines include limited guidance for the design of tilt-up construction. This paper outlines a methodology for progressive collapse resistant design of tilt-up structures and discusses the increases in reinforcement needed for a prototype building.
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Baleshan, Balachandren, and Mahen Mahendran. "Experimental study of light gauge steel framing floor systems under fire conditions." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216653508.
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Cold-formed steel members can be assembled in various combinations to provide cost-efficient and safe light gauge floor systems for buildings. Such light gauge steel framing floor systems are widely accepted in industrial and commercial building construction. Light gauge steel framing floor systems must be designed to serve as fire compartment boundaries and provide adequate fire resistance. Floor assemblies with higher fire resistance rating are needed to develop resilient building systems for extreme fire events. Recently, a new composite panel system based on external insulation has been developed for light gauge steel framing floors to provide higher fire resistance rating under fire conditions. This article presents the details of an experimental investigation of light gauge steel framing floors made of both the conventional (with and without cavity insulation) and the new composite panel systems under standard fires. Analysis of the fire test results showed that the thermal and structural performance of externally insulated light gauge steel framing floor system was superior than conventional light gauge steel framing floors with or without cavity insulation. Details of the experimental results including the temperature and deflection profiles measured during the tests are presented along with the joist failure modes. Such fire performance data can be used in the numerical modelling of light gauge steel framing floor systems to further improve the understanding of their fire behaviour and to develop suitable fire design rules.
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Dixit, Manish K., and Pranav Pradeep Kumar. "Analyzing the impact of the aspect ratio of a building on concrete use in its structure." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0133.
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Buildings consume over half of annual energy supply as embodied and operating energy in their construction and operation releasing harmful emissions to the atmosphere. Over 90 % of the embodied energy is attributed to construction materials used in building structure, envelope, and interiors that must be reduced to minimize material use. Concrete is one of the major materials that contributes significantly to the energy and carbon footprint of buildings, as it is responsible for 5-9 % of global carbon emission. Because most of the concrete use in the building sector occurs in building structures, assessing how building design parameters influence its environmental sustainability is important. One of the design parameters that impact the sustainability of buildings is the aspect ratio, which is defined as the ratio of horizontal to vertical surface area of a building. A building with the same floor area can be designed horizontally or vertically with different aspect ratios, which will influence its structural design and eventually the amount of concrete used in the building. In this paper, we examine how aspect ratio may affect the environmental sustainability of a buildings foundation, structural framing, and slab. We model the structure of a generic building with different aspect ratio to analyze if aspect ratio can help reduce the energy and carbon embodied in reinforced concrete structures.
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Zeng, Xin Cheng, Ai Rong Liu, Xin Sheng Zhao, and Jiang Dong Deng. "Mechanics Study on the Leaning-Type Arch Bridge during the Construction Process Based on Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.166.
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With the constructing project of Shengli Bridge as the background, this paper presents the measured stress and deformation data of main arch rib during the process of full framing scheme. The measured data are compared with the computation results.And the mechanical behaviors of the arch bridge were studied to reveal the changing tendency of stress and displacement of the main arch construction completed to completion stage. The analysis results show that the stress and the displacement of the key structures are in a reasonable range and meet the design requirements during the process of the construction process.
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Khosakitchalert, Chavanont, Nobuyoshi Yabuki, and Tomohiro Fukuda. "Development of BIM-based quantity takeoff for light-gauge steel wall framing systems." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 25 (December 18, 2020): 522–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2020.030.
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Quantity takeoff based on building information modeling (BIM) is more reliable, accurate, and rapid than the traditional quantity takeoff approach. However, the quality of BIM models affects the quality of BIM-based quantity takeoff. Our research focuses on drywalls, which consist of wall framings and wall panels. If BIM models from the design phases do not contain wall framing models, contractors or sub-contractors cannot perform quantity takeoff for purchasing materials. Developing wall framing models under a tight schedule in the construction phase is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and error-prone. The increased geometries in a BIM model also slow down the software performance. Therefore, in this research, an automatic method is proposed for calculating quantities of wall framings from drywalls in a BIM model. Building elements that overlap with the drywalls are subtracted from the drywall surfaces before calculation. The quantities of wall framings are then embedded into the properties of drywall in the BIM model and hence they can be extracted directly from the BIM model. A prototype system is developed and the proposed method is validated in an actual construction project. The results of the case study showed that the prototype system took 282 s to deliver accurate quantities of wall framings with deviations of 0.11 to 0.30% when compared to a baseline, and the file size of the BIM model after applying the proposed method was increased very slightly from 47.0 MB to 47.1 MB. This research contributes to developing an approach for quantity takeoff of wall framings that are not present in a BIM model. Accurate quantities of wall framings can be obtained while the time and cost of developing wall framings for quantity takeoff can be saved. The proposed method does not increase the geometries in the BIM model; therefore, the file size of the model does not increase greatly, which stabilizes the software performance.
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SMOLINA, Olesya O. "ARBORARCHITECTURE: MODERN TRENDS." Urban construction and architecture 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2020.02.12.
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Arborarchitecture is a promising direction in architecture and construction, the technology of which is to form a three-dimensional composition of buildings and structures from growing trees. The results of this study are the proposed classifi cation of arborarchitecture by design features of their formation. We found that the cultivation of artistic and architectural forms of buildings and structures, it is possible to use a frame, which will later be removed, or to use the principle layout of the building structural framing in conjunction with bionic; or to use the most time-consuming way to generate data object types - growing «wood» frame of the building.
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Killingsworth, John, Mohammed Hashem Mehany, and Hana Ladhari. "General contractors’ experience using off-site structural framing systems." Construction Innovation 21, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-05-2019-0038.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine general contractors’ experiences of using off-site manufactured structural framing systems. This engaged a single-case study using a qualitative methodology to identify expected benefits, actual benefits and challenges of such systems. Design/methodology/approach A single-case study approach evaluated general contractors’ experience of using a manufactured structural framing system. Qualitative data were collated and analyzed from industry domain experts to determine commonalities and thematic thinking. Findings The study revealed that the reasons behind considering off-site building systems were: accelerating the project schedule, overcoming site constraints and having a better end-product. The top expected benefits were: saving time (schedule), saving cost and improving quality. The top actual observed benefits were: saving erection time, reducing waste generation, reducing project costs, reducing safety risks and improving construction site logistics. The main challenges encountered were: unfamiliarity of different project parties with the off-site framing system, difficulty with reducing the overall project schedule, heavy site logistics and complicated off-site system design and standards requirements. The findings include solutions to overcome the challenges associated with using a manufactured structural system. Research limitations/implications This paper was a case study and therefore inherently limited in its generalizability. The study was conducted with general contractors in the mountain-west region of the USA. However, the implications of the study may have a broad application, as contractors across the globe seek to find similar solutions to using off-site or manufactured construction methods. Practical implications Construction labor shortages around the world are forcing the construction industry to find creative solutions to meet the demand for their services. Manufactured or off-site construction methods provide a possible solution to that labor shortage. However, builders need to be aware of the immediate challenges and actual benefits of using a manufactured structural framing system. Social implications Manufactured structural framing systems have the potential to impact lean and sustainable practices in construction. Reduced waste, reduced on-site man-power requirements, reduced construction schedules and reduced injuries each improve the lives of construction workers and the communities around these buildings. Originality/value An extensive literature review was performed to guide the design of this case study. Much has been written about off-site construction practices, but there is a significant research gap on the topic of structural framing systems. This study contributes to expanding the knowledge of off-site construction and specifically helps researchers and practitioners understand the challenges and benefits of this systematic approach to construction.
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Macieira, Mónica, Paulo Mendonça, and João Miranda Guedes. "Membrane Sunspace for Old Buildings Refurbishment: Environmental Impact, Economic and Building Technology's Comparison to Conventional Solutions." MATEC Web of Conferences 278 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927804002.
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This study presents a state of the art and design proposal for membrane sunspaces, as alternative to conventional ones, in glass, commonly used in the functional refurbishment of old buildings. Sunspaces are passive solar systems that can be easily integrated in existing buildings. Enclosing balconies with glazing has an impact on existing building functional performance (useful area, thermal performance and acoustic improvement) and it may even postpone the renovation need of the intervened building. However, inevitably, many of old buildings are located in areas with access restrictions and other physical constraints on the movement of materials, components and equipment - that limits its construction and maintenance processes and thus demand for alternative solutions. Glass is being applied in all types of sunspaces, so architects and engineers take for granted that it has to be inevitably used. However, a major weakness of glass is its weight and cost, specially associated with installation complexity, framing systems and accessories needed. The fact that membrane requires less substructure, changes the architectural approach - giving more freedom to design options. Membrane construction technology and installation process could be a practical alternative to traditional construction methods for closing balconies in old buildings. For this research, a full-scale Membrane Alternative Sunspace prototype was implemented into an old building (taken as case study) to evaluate the real construction process aspects and compare it with the common glazed solutions. Results were examined from an environmental, economic and building technology's point of view - regarding production, construction and maintenance phases.
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Yakovchuk, R., A. Kuzyk, O. Yemelyanenko, T. Skorobagatko, and O. Dobrostan. "ANALYSIS OF FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER." Scientific bulletin: Сivil protection and fire safety 1, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2019.2.67-73.
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The purpose of the work is to analyze fire prevention measures in structures of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as to analyze the features of their arrangement, taking into account the experience of neighboring countries. The application of exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation with plaster finish, as well as problems related to their fire hazard, are substantiated. The works are analyzed to investigate the problems of fire safety of exterior wall structures with facade thermal insulation and plastering, as well as hinged facade systems. The types, design features, purpose and functions of fire belts and framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible materials, which are arranged in exterior wall designs with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, are considered and analyzed. The role of floor fire belts and the framing of window (door) openings made of non-combustible mineral wool boards have been established.
It is concluded that the use of structures of the exterior walls of residential buildings with facade thermal insulation with a combustible insulation and plastering significantly increases their level of fire danger. This danger will depend both on the properties of the individual materials (in particular the insulation), and on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems of thermal insulation of facades, the rapid spread of fire on the higher and lower floors of the building is a big threat. Frequent causes of fire of thermal insulation systems of external walls is the tipping of fire from a window opening of a building as a result of intense fire indoors. Materials of decorative and protective finishing of walls should meet requirements of normative documents on designs of external walls with facade thermal insulation and plaster finish, and their constructive execution will depend on the height of the building and functional purpose of the object. Fire-fighting measures, foreseeing in the construction of exterior walls with facade thermal insulation and plastering, intended to ensure their fire safety during the time necessary for the safe evacuation of people from the building, the arrival of units of fire and rescue units and extending the fire throughout its distribution.
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Bubis, A. A., I. R. Gizyatullin, A. I. Dottuev, and T. V. Nazmeeva. "Seismic resistance of frame-cladding buildings with a cold-formed galvanized steel profile framing." Bulletin of Science and Research Center “Stroitelstvo” 31, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2021-4(31)-98-109.
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Building structural systems with light gauge steel framing technology are steadily gaining popularity due to their huge advantages over traditional technical solutions. As a result of the competitiveness inherent in LGSF technology, its application is gradually increasing in the manufacture of both bearing and nonbearing structures. At the same time, the actual absence of national standards for seismic design requires the development of programs and the implementation of research and development work to study the behavior of LGSF buildings in the conditions of seismic impact. The article touches upon the main problems of antiseismic construction of LGSF buildings and presents the results of domestic and foreign research.
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Martinez, Pablo, Michelle Livojevic, Purvish Jajal, Daniel Ryan Aldrich, Mohamed Al-Hussein, and Rafiq Ahmad. "Simulation-Driven Design of Wood Framing Support Systems for Off-Site Construction Machinery." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 146, no. 7 (July 2020): 04020075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001853.
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Neumann, Oliver, and Daniel Schmidt. "Innovative CNC Timber Framing — Technology and Cultural Expression." International Journal of Architectural Computing 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147807707782581774.
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The design-build project for the outdoor theater roof structure at the UBC Malcolm Knapp Research Forest at Maple Ridge, British Columbia, explores technical, spatial, and cultural aspects of CNC wood fabrication. References for the project are technological innovation and formal expression of contemporary wood structures. The roof project illustrates how spatial concepts are informed by the logic of fabrication and methods of assembly. A reciprocal relationship between technology, space, and locale suggests that the introduction of new technology coincides with new spatial concepts. Innovative design in this project is defined as work that resonates at the intersection of the fields of technology, material science, manufacturing processes, and techniques of assembly that constitute the expanded context that projects need to engage. It is through collaborative design research on CNC wood fabrication technologies that common design and building practice is put into question, and boundaries are explored and expanded.
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Mina Hajian, and Amene Doroodgar. "Modeling of LSF Technology in Building Design and Construction Case-Study: Parand Residential Complex, Iran." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.447.
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The adopted strategy to overcome the housing shortage crisis in Iran is the mass production. The way forward to accelerate the mass production, is adopting the industrial building systems with the increased prefabrication. One of the most optimal new building systems is Lightweight Steel Framing (LSF) Technology. Parand Residential Complex as the first serious project to industrialize the construction processes in Iran is facing the various problems during the processes of manufacture and execution of LSF components. The research aim is to offer an optimized model for manufacturing and execution processes of LSF Technology in the constructive projects which in it the deficiencies are compensated and strengths are intensified. So, case-studies and combined strategies has adopted as research method and based on it, the manufacture and execution processes of LSF technology in the case-study, were taken into consideration to recognize the existing advantages and disadvantages. The results of the research show that disadvantages of the manufacture and execution processes can be improved into one combined model. Finally, with offering four strategies to compensate the deficiencies and three strategies to intensify the strengths, the paper develops a model to coordinate the processes of manufacturing and execution in LSF technology in building design and construction.
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Umnova, Olga, Dmitry Tuev, and Timur Giyasov. "Design of low-rise buildings from thin-walled steel frame structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303037.
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Addressing sustainable development challenges, Russia is seeking new opportunities for the use of thin-walled cold-cast structures to meet the requirements of cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and rapid construction. The study aims to explore the possibilities of design and calculation of low-rise buildings erected from lightweight thin-walled steel structures using frame construction technology. The design solutions for the roof, walls, floors, and foundation are exemplified using concrete examples. The load capacity off framing studs, roof beams, and floor slabs was calculated. Three methods were used for calculation - Eurocode 3, direct strength test, and ultimate load test in compliance with AISI standards.
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Mathiyazhagan, Kaliyan, A. Gnanavelbabu, and B. Lokesh Prabhuraj. "A sustainable assessment model for material selection in construction industries perspective using hybrid MCDM approaches." Journal of Advances in Management Research 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 234–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-09-2018-0085.
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Purpose Urbanization and globalization in India have led to the depletion of resources and degradation of the environment to meet the demands. Because of these issues, researchers and practitioners have begun to study various strategies to reduce the level consumption of resources to utilize it for present and future needs. In pursuit of finding solutions to the problems, sustainable building construction is found as the best key to avoid depletion of resources. Sustainable material selection is found as a vital strategy in construction. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A three-phase methodology is proposed for framing the assessment model for construction industries to select materials for construction. In the first phase, a total of 23 sub-criteria of triple bottom line (TBL) and four brick materials as alternatives were identified. The second phase finds the weights and ranks of criteria and sub-criteria using the best worst methodology (BWM) the third phase involves ranking of materials concerning sub-criteria weights determined in phase II using Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Findings The objective of study is fixed to identify the criteria list for the selection of material in construction industries from the literature review especially for Indian construction industries; to rank the criteria for selection of materials with the help of the BWM approach; and to prioritize the identified materials in the view of sustainability with the help of Fuzzy TOPSIS in construction industries perspective. This study analyzed and choosing right sustainable materials by the three pillars of sustainability which are the environment, economic and social, also called TBL, for Indian construction companies by framing a sustainable material assessment model. Originality/value The results of this study facilitate to frame an assessment model for evaluating and selecting sustainable building materials.
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Hsieh, Hung Ren, and Chih Hao Lee. "The Thermal Insulation Performance of Envelope Construction of Residential Housing – A Case Study of Detached Houses in Yilan, Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.450.
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This research aims to study the design and thermal insulation performance of detached houses in Taiwan through the analysis of 55 detached houses. The research shows that 85% of detached houses are built using reinforced concrete (RC) construction, and the rest mostly using lightweight steel framing (LSF) construction. The thermal insulation performance of envelope construction of RC housing is poorer than LSF housing. More than 80% of the case study sample could not meet the roof thermal insulation requirements of Taiwans latest regulations on housing building energy saving. The most commonly used thermal insulation materials are polystyrene board, glass wool and rock wool, which are nearly all applied in LSF housings for the internal thermal insulation layer or the structural body layer of envelope construction. Polystyrene board has the widest range of use, including both internal and external thermal insulation layers of the envelope construction. If improving thermal insulation performance of the common envelope construction concluded from case study samples to meet Taiwans latest regulations on housing building energy saving, of the savings on air-conditioning energy during the summer could potentially be 11.5%. However, above improvement project is not economically beneficial due to the too long payback period.
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Regmi, Bhawana. "Development Diplomacy: Learning from the Chinese Aid in Building A Road in Nepal." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v2i1.25274.
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Infrastructures development is the backbone of a country's economy. The developing countries like Nepal have to rely upon foreign assistance for the constructions of its mega projects, which need high investment cost, technology, and capable human resources. On this scenario, China government had assisted Nepal in building the eight lanes wide and ten kilometers long Koteswor to Kalanki section of the ring road. This paper describes how local road beneficiaries in Nepal perceive the construction work based on the Chinese model and their understanding on foreign aid development. The paper is based on a qualitative study with an interpretative case study design. The study has revealed that though the development aid policy of the developed nations is useful to maintain the cordial relations with the other developing nations, but at the same time, the people-centered development should not be undermined under this whole process. The explorations of this research are useful in framing appropriate plans and policies for the governments to orient the foreign aid development as per the needs of a larger section of people.
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Shealy, Tripp, Leidy Klotz, Elke U. Weber, Eric J. Johnson, and Ruth Greenspan Bell. "Using Framing Effects to Inform More Sustainable Infrastructure Design Decisions." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142, no. 9 (September 2016): 04016037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001152.
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Adjeleian, J., M. Allen, J. L. Humar, and G. McRostie. "National aviation museum, Ottawa." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-107.
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This paper describes various aspects of the design and construction of a new building for the National Aviation Museum, currently nearing completion on a site on the Rockliffe Airport, Ottawa. The museum will house the aeronautical collection now displayed in World War II hangars.The new museum building is shaped like an isosceles right-angled triangle with a short side 161 m long and a clear height of 13.2 m from the floor to the underside of the roof framing. A two-storey wing on the west side contains the public entrances and the administrative offices.The soil at the site consists of a deep layer of preconsolidated sensitive clay underlain by dense glacial till containing boulders, then a layer of dense sand with gravel and boulders. The main columns of the building are supported by 55 m deep piles driven to suitable resistance in the dense sand and boulder layer, while the perimeter columns rest on spread footings, supported on the surface clay layer.The roof structure, which is one of the largest of its kind, consists of a space truss with top and bottom chords staggered with respect to each other and laid on a square grid 3.3 m by 3.3 m. The depth of the roof framing is also 3.3 m.The paper presents details of subsurface exploration and the types of foundations used. The structural framing for the roof as well as the steps involved in the analysis and design of the roof are described. Also presented are details of the fabrication methods, weld testing, and erection procedures. Key words: National Aviation Museum (Ottawa), pile foundations, dynamic testing, structural steel, space truss, welded joint, ultrasonic weld inspection.
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Kvan, Thomas, and Song Gao. "Problem Framing in Multiple Settings." International Journal of Architectural Computing 2, no. 4 (December 2004): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478077042906186.
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Georg, Susse, and Lise Justesen. "Counting to zero: accounting for a green building." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 5 (June 19, 2017): 1065–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-04-2013-1320.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a particular form of environmental accounting, energy accounting, is negotiated in practice and how energy accounting may act as a productive organizing device in organizational contexts. Energy accounting is considered as performative in organizational practices rather than as a representation of resource use. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a longitudinal case study of the design phase in a construction project. Data collection entailed observational and document studies as well as interviews with those involved in the design processes. This paper draws on actor-network theory, notably the notions of framing and overflowing, in analyzing the role of energy accounting in design processes and in affecting organizational practice. Findings The paper provides several insights regarding energy accounting in the making, energy accounting’s performative role in enacting possible futures, the narrative importance of numbers, and the entangled nature of designing, accounting and organizing practices. The findings demonstrate the strong links between accounting and organizing. Originality/value This paper adds to the extant literature on environmental accounting by directing attention to how such accounting practices contribute to forming rather than just informing management decisions. By focusing on how the calculative practices of making such accounts mediate ideas and help assemble new entities, this paper provides useful insights into the performative role of environmental accounting.
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Dybeł, Piotr, Justyna Jaskowska-Lemańska, and Milena Kucharska. "Contractor errors as the cause of emergency conditions of a timber roof rafter framing." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928405004.
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The paper presents results of an analysis conducted in order to determine a cause of an emergency state of a timber roof rafter framing of a central nave ceiling in a church. The article showed an assessment of the current technical conditions, a description of the diagnostic tests performed and the results of the static strength analysis. Based on that information, the causes of this emergency state are described as the consequence of contractor’s errors during the execution and significant derogations from the construction design. Moreover, an implementation of a repair programme in order to restore the full value in use of the building is recommended.
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Bang, Anne Louise, and Mette Agger Eriksen. "Experiments all the way in programmatic design research." Artifact 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 4.1–4.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/art_00004_1.
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Experiments take various forms, have various purposes, and generate various knowledge; depending on how, when and why they are integrated in a design research study with a programmatic approach. This is what we will argue for throughout this article using examples and experiences from our now finalized Ph.D. studies. Reviewing the prevailing literature on research through design the overall argument is that design experiments play a core role both in conducting the research, in theory construction and in knowledge generation across the different design domains and methodological directions. However, we did not identify sources that explicitly discuss and operationalize roles and characteristics of design experiments in different stages of programmatic design research. The aim of this article is therefore to outline a (tentative) systematic account of roles and characteristics of design experiments. Building upon Schön’s definition of experiments in practice we propose adding to the prevailing understanding of experiments in research through design understanding and operationalizing design experiments (1) as initiators or drivers framing a research programme, (2) as ways to reflect on and mature the research programme serving as vehicles for theory construction and knowledge generation and finally (3) as a ‘designerly’ approach to the written knowledge dissemination and clarification of research contributions.
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Bang, Anne Louise, and Mette Agger Eriksen. "Experiments all the way in programmatic design research." Artifact 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 8.1–8.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/art_00008_1.
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Experiments take various forms, have various purposes, and generate various knowledge; depending on how, when and why they are integrated in a design research study with a programmatic approach. This is what we will argue for throughout this article using examples and experiences from our now finalized Ph.D. studies. Reviewing the prevailing literature on research through design the overall argument is that design experiments play a core role both in conducting the research, in theory construction and in knowledge generation across the different design domains and methodological directions. However, we did not identify sources that explicitly discuss and operationalize roles and characteristics of design experiments in different stages of programmatic design research. The aim of this article is therefore to outline a (tentative) systematic account of roles and characteristics of design experiments. Building upon Schön’s definition of experiments in practice we propose adding to the prevailing understanding of experiments in research through design understanding and operationalizing design experiments (1) as initiators or drivers framing a research programme, (2) as ways to reflect on and mature the research programme serving as vehicles for theory construction and knowledge generation and finally (3) as a ‘designerly’ approach to the written knowledge dissemination and clarification of research contributions.
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Kechidi, Smail. "Optimising the structural design of modular housing by combining timber and lightweight steel framing." Structural Engineer 100, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/zdkr5562.
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Smail Kechidi describes his research into cold-formed steel (CFS)-framed shear walls sheathed in timber, which won the Institution’s Research into Practice essay competition in 2021. The research has focused on the lateral behaviour of CFS-framed shear walls and the performance of the sheathing-to-CFS screws.
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Hampton, Paul, Ezekiel A. Chinyio, and Silvia Riva. "Framing stress and associated behaviours at work." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 2566–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2018-0432.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand more precisely the culture and interpersonal behaviours associated with stress. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted using a qualitative approach through an ethnographic methodology in relation to three companies. The greater part of the data collection period was structured into observations that ranged between 2 and 4 hr per day, 1–3 days per week, for a period of six months. A total of ten sites were explored; and on each site, the observations involved activities by 5–20 people. Findings The results showed the pivotal importance of interpersonal relationships in coping with the uncertainty of working conditions, the coordination of teamwork and managing responsibilities and power interactions. It was found that the impact of stress is multifaceted, affecting the physical status, interpersonal relationships, work performance and emotional well-being of construction workers. The workers who were studied emphasised five sources of support that help moderate work-related stress: additional tools such as communication systems and software, a facilitated access to professional help (e.g. psychological services), organisational changes in leadership, provision of resources for the well-being of personnel (e.g. job training) and better teamwork. Practical implications The study underlines the importance of dedicated services for stress management and specific training-related abilities devoted to reinforcing positive person–organisation dynamics. In particular, the abilities should relate to managing the impact of stress in terms of physique, interpersonal relationships, work performance and emotional well-being. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to adopt a psychological perspective for understanding construction scenarios and phenomena and was conducted by a qualified psychologist.
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Zhang, Siyi, Zilan Huang, Yue Wu, and Yixin Zhu. "Effect of thermal bridge in light-frame wood wall." BioResources 18, no. 1 (November 15, 2022): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.1.367-381.
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The presence of thermal bridges in a wall increases local heat conduction of the building envelope, resulting in a decrease in the wall’s average thermal resistance. Simultaneously, the internal surface temperature of thermal bridge is lower than that of the surrounding areas and shows a tendency of condensation. Therefore, it is necessary to employ thermal bridges in the stage of construction design. In the research, a two-dimensional steady-state numerical simulation was performed targeting thermal bridges with light-frame wood wall. Meanwhile, the heat bridge effect was simulated under different circumstances by changing the types of insulation and cladding materials, the number of the studs, and the framing factor. The results showed that the linear heat transfer coefficient increased linearly as the studs and framing factor rose. After the test was validated, the relative error rate between the simulated correction coefficients and the experimentally derived correction coefficients was 11.4%, indicating that the correction coefficients can be simulated.
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Miyar, Cristina, and Anthony Shou. "Coordination issues for concrete floating floors; san francisco conservatory of music bowes center, case study." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-730.
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The San Francisco Conservatory of Music (SFCM) Bowes Center is a complex, vertical building housing SFCM's performance, rehearsal, instruction, and dormitory spaces. Coordination issues during design and construction that are not strictly acoustical but that are critical to achieving the floating floor's optimum sound and impact isolation performance are discussed. This paper examines issues from early design to construction phases applicable to many types of floating floor systems, such as: setting structural point loading criteria, developing a sound isolation envelope, coordination with audiovisual (AV) and theater consultants with respect to routing of conduits and locating recessed AV boxes in floating floor, coordination with the architect and structural engineer to identify high point loads on floating floor, consideration of seismic restraint elements, structural coordination to evaluate anchorage needs for elements supported on floating floor, construction sequencing coordination with pre-construction contractor with respect to anticipated needs for lifts on raised floating floors, and coordination of floating floor shop drawings with framing shop drawings for elements supported from the floating floor. This project case study outlines a useful list to help architects, consultants, and engineers navigate the complex and varied coordination issues that may arise on projects with concrete floating floors.
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Pinti, Lidia, Ricardo Codinhoto, and Serena Bonelli. "A Review of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Facility Management (FM): Implementation in Public Organisations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031540.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been extensively studied and applied within the AEC sector, particularly in design and construction. In recent years, Facility Management (FM) processes are becoming more digitalised, thus requiring effective BIM-FM integration. BIM adoption in many countries, such as the UK, Italy and Brazil, has been publicly driven. Generally, adoption was targeted at design and construction implementation, with little effort in framing public action for FM implementation. The lack of an integrated approach for BIM-FM implementation resulted in numerous bespoken implementation approaches that mimic the private sector and hinder knowledge exchange. Therefore, there is a need for assessing and amalgamating knowledge about BIM-FM for public organisations. This research aims to leverage knowledge about BIM-FM in the public domain by analysing and classifying articles published between 2010–2021. The research was carried out through a systematic review and comparative thematic analysis investigating the use of BIM for different public buildings (e.g., schools and hospitals) and the implementation for FM purposes. Research results outline prevalent trends and areas of research from three perspectives: people, process and technology. Results show an increasing number of publications about BIM-FM. However, the divide between BIM-FM for public and private organisations is unequal. BIM-FM research for public organisations is still limited and lacks standardisation. This state-of-the-art review makes an incremental contribution to knowledge by identifying progress, gaps and new industry directions on the subject matter.
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Ali, Elias, and Fadi Althoey. "Numerical Investigation on Blast Response of Cold-Formed Steel Framing Protected with Functionally Graded Composite Material." Buildings 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020118.
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This paper presents a numerical simulation on the blast response of cold-formed steel (CFS) structural framing system protected with a functionally graded composite material (FGM) panel. The steel frame consists of four CFS studs, which were protected by 12.5 mm thick gypsum, aluminum composite, and FGM composite materials on both sides. The numerical simulation was performed using ABAQUS on a 1.8 m × 2.4 m, overall wall panel exposed to air blast on one side. A 1.0 kg TNT explosive charge placed at four standoff distances (R) of 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m from the framing were investigated. The FGM board was modeled using a stepwise material variation using the power-law material function. Deformation and failure modes of the studs, as well as the protective materials, were compared to the same framing system but with different protective materials, including conventional gypsum boards and aluminum composite panels. Based on the observation from the analysis and computational simulation, the proposed protective composite material (FGM) resulted in a smaller deformation at peak overpressure at a given standoff distance (R) and local failure modes on studs. The same frame system with gypsum and aluminum panel exhibited excessive deformation as well as an early collapse of the CFS studs. This observation can lead to an alternative material solution in blast-resistant design.
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Surovek, Andrea E., Donald W. White, and Roberto T. Leon. "Direct Analysis for Design Evaluation of Partially Restrained Steel Framing Systems." Journal of Structural Engineering 131, no. 9 (September 2005): 1376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2005)131:9(1376).
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Mulyani Sunarharum, Tri, Mellini Sloan, and Connie Susilawati. "Re-framing planning decision-making: increasing flood resilience in Jakarta." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-02-2014-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to re-frame planning decision-making to address risks of flooding and to increase community resilience. Rapid urbanisation, fragmented governance and recurrent flooding complicate resolution of DKI Jakarta’s chronic housing shortage. Failure to effectively implement planning decision-making processes poses potential human rights violations. Contemporary planning policy requires the relocation of households living in floodplains within 15 m of DKI Jakarta’s main watercourses, further constraining land availability and potentially requiring increased densification. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a preliminary scoping study for a technologically enhanced participatory planning method, incorporating synthesis of existing information on urbanisation, governance and flood risk management in Jakarta. Findings – Responsibility for flood risk management in DKI Jakarta is fragmented both within and across administrative boundaries. Decision-making is further complicated by: limited availability of land use data; uncertainty as to the delineated extent of watercourses, floodplains and flood modelling; unclear risk and liability for infrastructure investments; and technical literacy of both public and government participants. Practical implications – This research provides information to facilitate consultation with government entities tasked with re-framing planning processes to increase public participation. Social implications – Potential increased opportunities for collaborative decision-making and consequent reduction in risk exposure amongst DKI Jakarta’s most vulnerable populations can help to address issues of social justice. Originality/value – This paper synthesises information from a range of sources not available in English, and offers insights into a complex system of governance and modes for improving decision-making.
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Enker, Robert A., and Gregory M. Morrison. "Behavioral Facilitation of a Transition to Energy Efficient and Low-Carbon Residential Buildings." Buildings 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9110226.
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Reducing carbon emissions from the building sector is an international policy priority, as a consequence of the Paris Climate Accord obligations. The challenge for policy makers is to identify and deploy effective policy instruments targeting this sector. Examining the mechanics of policy operation in the residential sector is particularly instructive, because of the high level of building activity, diverse stakeholders, and complex policy considerations—involving both consumers and industry stakeholders. Energy policy initiatives undertaken by the European Union provide pertinent case studies; as does the operation of Australia’s national building code. The paper builds upon earlier research examining the application of socio-economic transition theory to the regulation of the building sector. Here, building policy options are examined from a behavioral economics perspective, where stakeholder actions in response to strategic initiatives are considered in socio-psychological terms. The application of behavioral economics principles to building policy has the potential to impact all of the stages of the building lifecycle, from design through construction to operation. The analysis reveals how decision-making by building industry stakeholders diverges substantially from the assumptions of conventional economics. Significant implications then arise for the framing of building sector climate and energy policies, because behavioral economics has the potential to both contribute to the critical re-appraisal of current policies, and also to provide innovative options for refining interventions at key stages in the building lifecycle.
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Sobhkhiz, Soroush, Yu-Cheng Zhou, Jia-Rui Lin, and Tamer E. El-Diraby. "Framing and Evaluating the Best Practices of IFC-Based Automated Rule Checking: A Case Study." Buildings 11, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100456.
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This research reviews recent advances in the domain of Automated Rule Checking (ARC) and argues that current systems are predominantly designed to validate models in post-design stages, useful for applications such as e-permitting. However, such a design-check-separated paradigm imposes a burden on designers as they need to iteratively fix the fail-to-pass issues. Accordingly, the study reviews the best-practices of IFC-based ARC systems and proposes a framework for ARC system development, aiming to achieve proactive bottom-up solutions building upon the requirements and resources of end-users. To present and evaluate its capabilities, the framework is implemented in a real-life case study. The case study presents all the necessary steps that should be taken for the development of an ARC solution from rule selection and analysis, to implementation and feedback. It is explained how a rule checking problem can be broken down into separate modules implemented in an iterative approach. Results show that the proposed framework is feasible for successful implementation of ARC systems and highlight that a stable data standard and modeling guideline is needed to achieve proactive ARC solutions. The study also discusses that there are some critical limitations in using IFC which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Kesawan, Sivakumar, and Mahen Mahendran. "Buckling behaviour and design of complex-shaped aluminium mullion sections." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218795118.
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Thin-walled aluminium mullions are the vertical framing members of the façade systems used in buildings. This article investigates the buckling behaviour of these complex-shaped aluminium mullions. For this purpose, the aluminium mullion sections were simplified into elements of varying thickness and modelled using CUFSM finite strip analysis programme. Elastic buckling analyses were performed with and without considering the availability of glass panel restraints for both negative and positive wind actions, and the results are presented in this article. The effect of providing return flanges to enable a good connectivity between the male and female mullions was also evaluated. The lateral restraints provided by glass panels were simulated using the spring stiffness option available in CUFSM, and the analyses were performed for spring stiffness values in the range of 0–1 N/mm/mm. The applicability of the buckling analysis results to the design of aluminium mullions was then evaluated using the direct strength method. For this purpose, the section moment capacities of mullions were determined from finite element analyses and compared with the direct strength method predictions using the CUFSM buckling analysis results. This comparison showed that direct strength method–based design can be adopted for the complex-shaped aluminium mullions provided their elastic buckling capacities are available. Overall, this study has provided good understanding of the buckling behaviour of mullion sections under both positive and negative wind actions and has proposed the use of direct strength method for the design of aluminium mullion sections.
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Keenan, Jesse M. "Seeking an interoperability of disaster resilience and transformative adaptation in humanitarian design." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-04-2017-0034.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the conceptual, tactical and institutional tensions between short-term and long-term engagement of humanitarian actors in the built environment, as framed through disaster resilience and transformative adaptation, respectively. The paper seeks to synthesize a more resolute understanding of the limits and challenges associated with each concept in the advancement of analytical and practical clarity. Design/methodology/approach This commentary paper is based, in part, on a literature review in disaster resilience, humanitarian design and planning and climate change adaptation scholarship. Findings This commentary paper highlights some of the critical weaknesses associated with a disaster resilience framing of humanitarian design and planning in the built environment. Originality/value The value of this viewpoint paper is to challenge the short-term, single equilibrium applications of disaster resilience in favor of longer-term perspectives associated with transformative adaptation. The intent is not to highlight a conceptual inferiority but to position these concepts as point and counter-point with the potential for complimentary and conflicting applications.
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Li, Yuanqi, Zuyan Shen, Xingyou Yao, Rongkui Ma, and Fei Liu. "Experimental Investigation and Design Method Research on Low-Rise Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Framing Buildings." Journal of Structural Engineering 139, no. 5 (May 2013): 818–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000720.
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Dogru, Selcuk, Ferit Cakir, and Bulent Akbas. "Structural evaluation of unitized curtain wall systems by using inter-story drift test." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2022.01.003.
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A curtain wall enhances the aesthetic appeal of a building and protects it from harmful environmental conditions. As one of the most significant façade curtain walls, Unitized Curtain Wall Systems (UCWS) are constructed concurrently with the construction of the structural framing system. Because of their lightness, ease of application, functionality, and various design possibilities, UCWSs are frequently used as exterior panels on high-rise buildings. UCWSs must be designed to resist external loads such as wind and seismic load during their lifetime. A structural performance evaluation of the UCWSs is therefore one of the most important criteria for their design. American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) suggests conducting a full-scale test on a mock-up to determine the structural performance in accordance with AAMA 501.4. In this study, an inter-story drift test was performed according to the AAMA 501.4 standard on a two-story UCWS system, comprised of six panels 1430.8 mm wide and 4215 mm high. The structural behavior of the system was assessed using horizontal and vertical displacement meters that were placed at various points in the system. In addition, a simplified numerical model of the system was prepared and experimental studies were supported by finite element analysis.
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Tan, Cher Siang, M. Md Tahir, Poi Ngian Shek, and Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh. "Experimental Investigation on Slip-In Connection for Cold-Formed Steel Double Channel Sections." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1038.
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The application of cold-formed steel in light steel framing design can become a popular choice of Industrialized Building System, by moving huge amount of construction work to the factory and leaving the construction site cleaner and safer. However the joints behaviour for primary structures, particularly the partial strength semi-rigid beam-to-column connection has not been studied in depth. This paper presents the isolated joint test on slip-in connection using 6 mm hot-rolled steel gusset plate. Two cold-formed lipped channel sections were placed back-to-back to form beam and column members. Three specimens with the depth of beam ranging from 150 mm to 250 mm were tested. From the experimental results, it is observed that the ratio of moment resistance of joint to the moment resistance of the connected beam increases in the range of 0.46 to 0.70. The rotational capacities of the joints exceed 30 mRad. The rotational stiffness achieves 511 kNm/rad to 1671 kNm/rad. It is concluded that the proposed connections could be classified as partial strength connection.
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Gandelli, Emanuele, Dario De Domenico, and Virginio Quaglini. "Cyclic engagement of hysteretic steel dampers in braced buildings: a parametric investigation." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 12 (July 1, 2021): 5219–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01156-3.
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AbstractHysteretic steel dampers have been effectively used to improve the seismic performance of framed buildings by confining the dissipation of seismic energy into sacrifical, replaceable devices which are not part of the gravity framing system. The number of cycles sustained by the dampers during the earthquake is a primary design parameter, since it can be associated to low-cycle fatigue, with ensuing degradation of the mechanical properties and potential failure of the system. Current standards, like e.g. the European code EN 15129, indeed prescribe, for the initial qualification and the production control of hysteretic steel dampers, cyclic tests in which the devices are assessed over ten cycles with amplitude equal to the seismic design displacement dbd. This paper presents a parametric study focused on the number of effective cycles of the damper during a design earthquake in order to assess the reliability of the testing procedure proposed by the standards. The study considers typical applications of hysteretic steel dampers in low and medium-rise steel and reinforced concrete framed buildings and different ductility requirements. The results point out that the cyclic engagement of the damper is primarily affected by the fundamental period of the braced building and the design spectrum, and that, depending on these parameters, the actual number of cycles can be substantially smaller or larger that recommended by the standards. A more refined criterion for establishing the number of cycles to be implemented in testing protocols is eventually formulated.
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Mai, Khoi D., William F. Cofer, and Donald A. Bender. "Predicting Behavior of Steel-Clad, Wood-Framed Shear Walls under Cyclic Lateral Loading." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14250.
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HighlightsA finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed to predict behavior of steel-clad, wood-framed (SCWF) shear walls under cyclic loading.This FEA model will be useful in determining post-frame building response to seismic forces.The model will save time and money in developing design coefficients and planning experiments for SCWF shear walls.Abstract. This article presents finite element (FEA) model results of steel-clad, wood-framed (SCWF) shear walls under cyclic lateral loading. The shear wall model consists of beam elements to model framing members, equivalent orthotropic plane stress elements to model corrugated steel cladding, linear spring elements to model nail connectors between framing members, and nonlinear hysteresis spring elements to model screw connectors. Screw connectors attaching steel panels to wood framing and steel panels to steel panels at lap joints were tested under cyclic loading to provide the constitutive relationships needed. A modified Bouc-Wen-Barber-Noori (BWBN) model was developed to capture slack, pinching, and strength and stiffness degradation of screw connectors under cyclic loading. The finite element models were validated by comparing them with experimental test results of six different SCWF shear wall configurations. Predicted peak shear strengths for most load cycles were slightly higher than those from the experimental tests, especially for stitched shear walls. Visual inspection of the FEA predicted hysteretic load curves demonstrated that pinching, and strength and stiffness degradation were well captured. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of the FEA model for comparative studies of different SCWF shear wall constructions under cyclic lateral loading. Keywords: Cyclic lateral loading, Diaphragm design, Post-frame building, Steel-clad wood-frame diaphragm.
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Manrique, Juan D., Mohamed Al-Hussein, Ahmed Bouferguene, Hassan Safouhi, and Reza Nasseri. "Combinatorial Algorithm for Optimizing Wood Waste in Framing Designs." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 137, no. 3 (March 2011): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000117.
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Chen, C. Y., F. A. Boudreault, A. E. Branston, and C. A. Rogers. "Behaviour of light-gauge steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-015.
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The second phase of the research project to develop a shear wall design method that could be used in conjunction with the 2005 National Building Code of Canada involved evaluation of the performance characteristics of the tested steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls. A nonlinear and pinched resistance versus deflection hysteretic behaviour was exhibited, although in most cases the walls could sustain large inelastic deformation cycles with limited strength degradation. A significant amount of energy could be dissipated under reversed cyclic loading. Walls 1220 mm and 2440 mm in length were able to develop their maximum capacity at similar displacement levels; however, the 610 mm long walls required significantly larger displacements prior to reaching their ultimate shear resistance. The performance of the walls was directly linked to the behaviour of the sheathing-to-framing screw connections, except in one case in which local buckling of the chord studs controlled the ultimate shear resistance. Given the behaviour observed during testing, this type of wall construction can be relied on to resist lateral loading, including earthquake effects in the inelastic range, assuming the designer ensures that failure of the wall is limited to the sheathing-to-framing connections.Key words: shear wall, light-gauge steel, wood structural panel, earthquake, wind.
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Li, Boxiao, Eric W. Bhark, (ret ). Stephen Gross, Travis C. Billiter, and Kaveh Dehghani. "Best Practices of Assisted History Matching Using Design of Experiments." SPE Journal 24, no. 04 (May 9, 2019): 1435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191699-pa.
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Summary Assisted history matching (AHM) using design of experiments (DOE) is one of the most commonly applied history-matching techniques in the oil and gas industry. When applied properly, this stochastic method finds a representative ensemble of history-matched reservoir models for probabilistic uncertainty analysis of production forecasts. Although DOE-based AHM is straightforward in concept, it can be misused in practice because the work flow involves many statistical and modeling principles that should be followed rigorously. In this paper, the entire DOE-based AHM work flow is demonstrated in a coherent and comprehensive case study that is divided into seven key stages: problem framing, sensitivity analysis, proxy building, Monte Carlo simulation, history-match filtering, production forecasting, and representative model selection. The best practices of each stage are summarized to help reservoir-management engineers understand and apply this powerful work flow for reliable history matching and probabilistic production forecasting. One major difficulty in any history-matching method is to define the history-match tolerance, which reflects the engineer's comfort level of calling a reservoir model “history matched” even though the difference between simulated and observed production data is not zero. It is a compromise to the intrinsic and unavoidable imperfectness of reservoir-model construction, data measurement, and proxy creation. A practical procedure is provided to help engineers define the history-match tolerance considering the model, data-measurement, and proxy errors.
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Dal Lago, Bruno, Muhammad Naveed, and Marco Lamperti Tornaghi. "Tension-only ideal dissipative bracing for the seismic retrofit of precast industrial buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 4503–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01130-z.
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AbstractNew precast frame industrial structures are seismically designed according to reliable modern criteria. However, most of the existing built stock hosting many workers and both regular and strategic industrial activities was designed and detailed neglecting the earthquake load or according to outdated seismic design criteria and regulations. Its seismic retrofit is a main challenge for the Engineering Community and a critical objective for institutional and private bodies. Among the envisaged solutions, the introduction of dissipative braces appears to be promising, although mostly inapplicable for these buildings, due to the brace lengths required by their typical large dimensions and the related proportioning against buckling. In this paper, an innovative seismic retrofitting technique based on monolateral dissipative bracing is investigated. The device proposed in this paper, yet in phase of preliminary design and testing, dissipates energy through friction in tension only while freely deforming in compression, which makes the issue related to compressive buckling irrelevant. A numerical analysis is carried out to investigate the efficiency of the proposed device in seismic retrofitting of precast industrial frame buildings with the aim to explore its feasibility and to better orient the definition of the slip threshold load range and the future development of the physical device. The simplified Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) is employed for the global framing of the structural behaviour of the highly nonlinear retrofitted structures under seismic actions. A numerical tool is set to automatically apply the CSM based on the definition of few main parameters governing the seismic response of precast frame structures. The efficacy of the CSM is critically analysed through the comparison with the results of a set of nonlinear dynamic analyses. A smart simplified design process aimed at framing the most efficient threshold slip/yield load of the device given an existing structural configuration is presented with the application of the CSM through the identification of the most efficient performance indicator related to either displacement, shear force, equivalent dissipation of energy or a combination of them.
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Fülöp, L. A., and D. Dubina. "Design Criteria for Seam and Sheeting-to-Framing Connections of Cold-Formed Steel Shear Panels." Journal of Structural Engineering 132, no. 4 (April 2006): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2006)132:4(582).
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Siddula, Madhuri, Fei Dai, Yanfang Ye, and Jianping Fan. "Classifying construction site photos for roof detection." Construction Innovation 16, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-10-2015-0052.
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Purpose Roofing is one of the most dangerous jobs in the construction industry. Due to factors such as lack of planning, training and use of precaution, roofing contractors and workers continuously violate the fall protection standards enforced by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. A preferable way to alleviate this situation is automating the process of non-compliance checking of safety standards through measurements conducted in site daily accumulated videos and photos. As a key component, the purpose of this paper is to devise a method to detect roofs in site images that is indispensable for such automation process. Design/methodology/approach This method represents roof objects through image segmentation and visual feature extraction. The visual features include colour, texture, compactness, contrast and the presence of roof corner. A classification algorithm is selected to use the derived representation for statistical learning and detection. Findings The experiments led to detection accuracy of 97.50 per cent, with over 15 per cent improvement in comparison to conventional classifiers, signifying the effectiveness of the proposed method. Research limitations/implications This study did not test on images of roofs in the following conditions: roofs initially built without apparent appearance (e.g. structural roof framing completed and undergoing the sheathing process) and flat, barrel and dome roofs. From a standpoint of construction safety, while the present work is vital, coupling with semantic representation and analysis is still needed to allow for risk analysis of fall violations on roof sites. Originality/value This study is the first to address roof detection in site images. Its findings provide a basis to enable semantic representation of roof site objects of interests (e.g. co-existence and correlation among roof site, roofer, guardrail and personal fall arrest system) that is needed to automate the non-compliance checking of safety standards on roof sites.
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M.Y, Azari, Syed Ahmad Iskandar S.A, and Ossen D.R. "Thesis Supervisory Panels as the New Design Studio Paradigm in UTM Master of Architecture Programme." Journal of Design and Built Environment 22, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol22no2.4.
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The UTM’s M.Arch programme revitalized its Design Studio programme, also known as the Architectural Design Thesis (ADT), when it introduced the Thesis Supervisory Panel system in 2013. Developed as an expansion from the preceding 5-year B.Arch and 3+3 Integration programme, the ADT expanded the previous 2-stage final year Design Studio spanning over two semesters into four, introducing the TSP, implementing the vertical studio and allowing students to choose their own paths. The programme was developed from the Workbase system, a hands-on, master-led Design Studio approach influenced by Ecole des Beaux Arts and Bauhaus. The authors intend to tell the story of the programme and its changes throughout the years. This paper records the growth and development of the TSPs in the M.Arch programme, tracing its origin in the Workbase practiced since the 1980s with data collected from the Thesis Coordinator’s files, departmental publications and documentations and have been organized in a simple narrative. By framing the narrative on the back story of the TSPs, the paper offer better understanding on the inner workings of the UTM M.Arch studio programme and encourages improving and strengthening the established system and opens up new studies that could enrich and diversify it further.
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Valle, Cristian Roberto, Elli Verhulst, Ida Nilstad Pettersen, Antje Junghans, and Thomas Berker. "FM perceptions on occupant impact and the shaping of occupant engagement practice." Facilities 37, no. 11/12 (August 5, 2019): 762–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2017-0027.
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Purpose This paper aims to apply frame analysis to explore the mental models by which building managers interpret the impact of building occupants on energy use and rationalize their approach to occupant engagement. Design/methodology/approach Findings from four energy-efficient buildings (two schools and two office buildings) in Norway are presented. The methodology includes individual semi-structured interviews with both operational and strategic facilities managers Findings Concepts and theoretical perspectives with the potential to shape the building managers’ perceptions include technical knowledge and expertise, management responsibilities, familiarity with occupant routines and understanding of energy-efficient technologies. No significant impact was attributed to the actions of occupants in the areas of comfort, core function and behavior. Significant impact was attributed to their movement and presence. Perceptions of impact were found to influence, yet not determine, the building managers’ choices of practice. Practical implications Factors with the potential to affect the adoption of occupant engagement initiatives were highlighted. This study pointed to the role that automation and centralization can play in influencing facilities managers to rescind from their management responsibilities. Originality/value To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study to use framings in thoughts to investigate the process by which facilities managers rationalize occupant engagement, in relation to their perception of occupant impact on energy use.