Journal articles on the topic 'Frame freezing'
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Li, Ning, Feixiong Chen, Bo Su, and Guodong Cheng. "Theoretical frame of the saturated freezing soil." Cold Regions Science and Technology 35, no. 2 (August 2002): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-232x(02)00029-0.
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Zeng, Qiang, and Kefei Li. "Quasi-Liquid Layer on Ice and Its Effect on the Confined Freezing of Porous Materials." Crystals 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9050250.
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Freezing of the water confined in thin pores can be destructive to the porous frame, but the effect of the quasi-liquid layer (QLL) between the confined ice and the pore walls remains still far from being fully understood. In the present study, the physical origins of the intermediate phase of QLL were discussed by thermodynamic analyses. Different interactions on QLL bring different models to estimate its thickness, which generally decays with temperature decreasing. Four representative models of QLL thickness were selected to unveil its effect on the growing rates and extents of ice in a concrete. The engineering consequences of the confined freezing were then discussed in the aspects of effective pore pressures built from the confined ice growth and deformations framed by a poro-elastic model. Overall, thickening QLL depresses ice growing rates and contents and, consequentially, decreases pore pressures and material deformations during freezing. The QLL corrections also narrow the gaps between the predicted and measured freezing deformations. The findings of this study contribute to profound understandings of confined freezing that may bridge over physical principles and engineering observations.
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Dou, Li Jun, Wei Wang, and Ming Yu Xu. "Freezing Damage Analysis of Jintaizi Fishing Floor Engineering in Fuyu." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2579.
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Frame structure building is widely used for its advantages of flexible space, light weight, saving material, building plan can be flexibly arranged and so on. However, researches on frame structure built in the water in cold areas, under horizontal ice pressure, are very few, and there is also no ice pressure calculation method for this structure form. Combining with the damage phenomenon of Jintaizi fishing floor engineering, analyzed the causes of freezing damage from ice pressure, temperature joint, structure form, and put forward a concept of ice pressure influence width for frame structure under the effect of ice. This article provides a reference for ice pressure calculation and the design of frame structure buildings which built in the water.
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Dumic, Emil, and Anamaria Bjelopera. "No-Reference Objective Video Quality Measure for Frame Freezing Degradation." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214655.
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In this paper we present a novel no-reference video quality measure, NR-FFM (no-reference frame–freezing measure), designed to estimate quality degradations caused by frame freezing of streamed video. The performance of the measure was evaluated using 40 degraded video sequences from the laboratory for image and video engineering (LIVE) mobile database. Proposed quality measure can be used in different scenarios such as mobile video transmission by itself or in combination with other quality measures. These two types of applications were presented and studied together with considerations on relevant normalization issues. The results showed promising correlation values between the user assigned quality and the estimated quality scores.
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Arslan Usman, Muhammad, Muhammad Rehan Usman, and Soo Young Shin. "Performance Analysis of a No-Reference Temporal Quality Assessment Metric for Videos Impaired by Frame Freezing Artefacts." International Journal of Future Computer and Communication 4, no. 1 (February 2015): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijfcc.2015.v4.352.
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Sakharov, I. I., and P. V. Voitenko. "Experience in the application of surface foundations for a frame building in the vicinity of St. Petersburg." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 5 (2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-5-77-83.
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The article presents the experience of constructing buildings on surface foundations in winter season. Within the frames of the investigation, there were evaluated temperatures in the base composed of heaving soils, as well as foundation displacements during the winter period. There have been were performed calculations of temperature fields and soil heaving deformation using the Termoground program. It is shown that despite the relatively big depth of the base soil freezing, the maximum displacements of the foundations did not exceed 7 mm, which is quite acceptable for a frame building.
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Wu, Zhi Min, Chun Yang Kong, and Peng Yu. "Melting and Freezing of Free Silver Nanoclusters." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.184.
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The melting and freezing with two different cooling rates of AgN (N= 140, 360, 532, 784, and 952) nanoclusters are simulated by using molecular dynamics technique with the frame work of embedded atom method. The potential energy as a function of temperature is obtained and the structural details are analyzed. The results reveal that the melting and freezing temperature increases almost linearly with the atom number of the clusters except for Ag360. All the silver nanoclusters have negative heat capacity around the phase transition temperature, and the clusters with slow cooling rate have icosahedral structure at 300 K.
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ORITA, Yasuhiko, Naoki MAKINO, Hisatsune OOTSUBO, Akira TAKESHITA, Motoomi NAKAMURA, Kenichi NAKAMURA, and Masaaki KUSHITANI. "Dual-frame image-freezing unit for two-dimensional echocardiography Preliminary clinical report." Japanese Heart Journal 26, no. 3 (1985): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1536/ihj.26.371.
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Grandy, Karen. "Freeze frame: media coverage of Apple’s and Facebook’s egg-freezing employee benefit." Gender in Management: An International Journal 34, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2018-0080.
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PurposeThis paper aims to examine the media coverage of a new reproductive benefit (oocyte cryopreservation) made available to employees at Apple and Facebook in 2014, in light of an ongoing public debate around the conflict experienced by women to be both “ideal workers” and “ideal mothers”.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines the coverage of the new benefit as a news item in major American newspapers and websites. It uses problem/solution frame analysis and provides a qualitative analysis of the leads, journalists’ rhetoric and sources found in 23 news articles on the topic. A rudimentary quantitative analysis of positive and negative solution evaluations is also included.FindingsAll the articles were found to use a problem/solution frame in their presentation of the new benefit as a news item. When biology is presented as at the root of the motherhood/career conflict, as it was by many journalists and their chosen sources, this logically leads to a biotechnological solution, such as egg-freezing. Other potential contributors to motherhood/career conflict, such as rigid and gendered career timelines and inadequate supports for working parents, are largely left out of the discussion – as are potential broader workplace and socio-cultural changes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to news articles only; the coverage of the issue in opinion pieces and in other media might have different findings. An experimentally designed study might lead to interesting findings on the impact of these framing elements (leads, rhetoric, sources) on readers’ responses to this topic.Originality/valueThis study contributes to research on the media coverage of motherhood and to management scholarship on gender, parenthood and work.
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Zhang, Xiao Li, Jia Qu, Xia Xie, Hong Chao Tian, and Zhi Yuan Cai. "Technology Study of Thin-Walled Frame Used in XX Inertial Navigation System Casted by Differential Pressure Casting." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.515.
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Frame used in XX inertial navigation system has such characters as small scale, thin wall, complicated shape, etc. When it is casted by gravity casting, the defects such as shrinkage, porosity and blow holes are so many that the survival ratio is very low. In this paper, a new differential pressure casting method is designed to cast the frame by realizing self-hardening sand moulding, solving series of problems such as liquid rising pipe freezing and chemical composition being out of range, thus improving the quality of the cast.
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Grewal, Zareena. "Lights, Camera, Suspension: Freezing the Frame on the Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf-Anthem Controversy." Souls 9, no. 2 (June 6, 2007): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999940701382565.
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Vasilyev, G. P., N. V. Peskov, A. A. Burmistrov, N. A. Timofeev, P. E. Zakharov, and I. A. Yurchenko. "Ground Source Heat Pump Modeling: Accounting of Ground Moisture Freezing-Melting in a Model of Heat Transfer outside Deep Borehole." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.102.
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This paper contains the results of research, carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract ID RFMEFI57914X0026). For the ground source heat pump (GSHP) used as a heating system in regions with cold climate the thermal effects of ground moisture freezing-melting processes can make an essential long-term impact on GSHP performance. However, widely known models of heat transfer inside and outside GSHP borehole do not take into account such effects. In this paper we propose a method of engineering estimation of freezing-melting latent heat in the frame of modified cylindrical source model. The key feature of the method is the definition of effective thermal conductivity of ground to "convert" the latent heat of phase transition into equivalent heat flux from outer ground. The method is validated by laboratory measurements of ground thermal conductivity during the freezing-melting process.
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Vasilyev, G. P., V. F. Gornov, N. V. Peskov, M. V. Kolesova, A. A. Burmistrov, N. A. Timofeev, V. A. Leskov, and I. A. Yurchenko. "Accounting for “Zero Curtain” Effect in GSHP Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.243.
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This paper contains the results of research, carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract ID RFMEFI57914X0026). For the ground source heat pump (GSHP) used as a heating system in regions with cold climate the thermal effects of ground moisture freezing-melting processes can make an essential long-term impact on GSHP performance. However, widely known models of heat transfer inside and outside GSHP borehole do not take into account such effects. In this paper, we propose a method of engineering estimation of freezing-melting latent heat in the frame of modified cylindrical source model. The key feature of the method is the definition of effective thermal conductivity of ground to "convert" the latent heat of phase transition into equivalent heat flux from outer ground. The method is validated by laboratory measurements of ground thermal conductivity during the freezing-melting process.
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Tiutkin, O., V. Petrenko, N. Petrosian, V. Miroshnyk, and A. Alkhdour. "Сontrolling stress state of a hoisting shaft frame in the context of specific freezing process." Mining of Mineral Deposits 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining12.04.028.
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Xue, Yuanyi, Beril Erkin, and Yao Wang. "A Novel No-Reference Video Quality Metric for Evaluating Temporal Jerkiness due to Frame Freezing." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 17, no. 1 (January 2015): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2368272.
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Ricarte, Angelo, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Ramesh Narayan, Freek Roelofs, and Razieh Emami. "Observational Signatures of Frame Dragging in Strong Gravity." Astrophysical Journal Letters 941, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): L12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca087.
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Abstract Objects orbiting in the presence of a rotating massive body experience a gravitomagnetic frame-dragging effect, known as the Lense-Thirring effect, that has been experimentally confirmed in the weak-field limit. In the strong-field limit, near the horizon of a rotating black hole, frame dragging becomes so extreme that all objects must co-rotate with the black hole’s angular momentum. In this work, we perform general relativistic numerical simulations to identify observable signatures of frame dragging in the strong-field limit that appear when infalling gas is forced to flip its direction of rotation as it is being accreted. In total intensity images, infalling streams exhibit “S”-shaped features due to the switch in the tangential velocity. In linear polarization, a flip in the handedness of spatially resolved polarization ticks as a function of radius encodes a transition in the magnetic field geometry that occurs due to magnetic flux freezing in the dragged plasma. Using a network of telescopes around the world, the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration has demonstrated that it is now possible to directly image black holes on event horizon scales. We show that the phenomena described in this work would be accessible to the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope and extensions of the array into space, which would produce spatially resolved images on event horizon scales with higher spatial resolution and dynamic range.
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Sadli, M., G. Machin, K. Anhalt, F. Bourson, S. Briaudeau, D. del Campo, A. Diril, et al. "Dissemination of thermodynamic temperature above the freezing point of silver." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2064 (March 28, 2016): 20150043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0043.
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The mise-en-pratique for the definition of the kelvin at high temperatures will formally allow dissemination of thermodynamic temperature either directly or mediated through high-temperature fixed points (HTFPs). In this paper, these two distinct dissemination methods are evaluated, namely source-based and detector-based. This was achieved by performing two distinct dissemination trials: one based on HTFPs, the other based on absolutely calibrated radiation thermometers or filter radiometers. These trials involved six national metrology institutes in Europe in the frame of the European Metrology Research Programme joint project ‘Implementing the new kelvin’ (InK). The results have shown that both dissemination routes are possible, with similar standard uncertainties of 1–2 K, over the range 1273–2773 K, showing that, depending on the facilities available in the laboratory , it will soon be possible to disseminate thermodynamic temperatures above 1273 K to users by either of the two methods with uncertainties comparable to the current temperature scale.
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Nanda, Doris, Germain Kansci, Sylvain Rafflegeau, Claire Bourlieu, Georges Ngando Ebongue, and Claude Genot. "Impact of post-harvest storage and freezing of palm fruits on the extraction yield and quality of African crude palm oil extracted in the laboratory." OCL 27 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020046.
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In the frame of African artisanal small-scale extraction of palm oil, the effects of post-harvest storage time and freezing of palm fruits on the extraction yield and quality of crude palm oil (CPO) were studied at laboratory scale using a process mimicking artisanal extraction. The extraction yield and free fatty acid (FFA) content of CPO increased with the length of fruit storage time at room temperature and freezing. FFA, total fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles indicated a lack of specificity of the lipases at work. During post-harvest storage, the carotenoid content of CPO decreased slightly, tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) remained steady, while lipid oxidation remained at a very low level. For frozen fruits, carotene and tocol contents decreased sharply as a function of storage time, thought remaining quite high, but decreasing amounts of secondary oxidation products were detected. The FFA content and lipid oxidation level were highly correlated, indicating a pro-oxidant effect of FFAs. To conclude, three days of storage prior to artisanal extraction seemed the best trade-off between extraction yield and CPO quality. Combined storage at room temperature and freezing of palm fruits led to a large range of FFA contents in CPO. Optimization of the FFA contents of artisanal CPOs in line with local consumer’s demand calls for an assessment of their functional properties and sensory perception of foods formulated with CPOs.
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Shan, Renliang, Weijun Liu, Zhe Liu, and Zhien Wang. "Structure Design and Flow Field Analysis of a Model Test Box Used to Study Freezing Temperature Field of Seepage Stratum." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (June 17, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587148.
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To meet the research needs of the freezing temperature field under seepage, we investigate and design a seepage-freezing model test box, which can meet the requirements of strength, deformation, dispersed flow, simulated laminar flow, and water sealing performance. Using theoretical analysis and calculation, the pressure design index of the model box was obtained. Based on safety considerations, the model test box was designed with a pressure vessel bearing of 0.05 MPa. The structure of “sink + porous plate” was used inside the box. By flow field analysis, the porous plate can effectively reduce the influence of flow convergence to the orifice on the flow field and achieve the purpose of dispersed-water flow and laminar flow simulation. The composite structure form of “panel + frame beam” was adopted to perform the load-bearing test. Under the pressure of 0.05 MPa, the maximum deformation in the x, y, and z directions was <2.4 mm, and the maximum stress was approximately 248 MPa. The model box could meet the requirements of strength and deformation. Water sealing between the upper cover plate and lower box body was achieved by arranging bolts, iron sheets, and silica gel strips. After testing the processed box, we found that the designed box can fully meet the test requirements. These research results may be used as a reference for the development and design of other seepage-freezing model test boxes.
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Usman, Muhammad Arslan, Soo Young Shin, Muhammad Shahid, and Benny Lövström. "A No Reference Video Quality Metric Based on Jerkiness Estimation Focusing on Multiple Frame Freezing in Video Streaming." IETE Technical Review 34, no. 3 (June 8, 2016): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2016.1185975.
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Klimek, Beata. "Problems of restoration of antique doors and windows selected examples from Village Museum." Budownictwo i Architektura 14, no. 3 (September 8, 2015): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1627.
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The doors and windows made of wood apart from wear and tear and damage wood material are also tampered, repaired and especially repeated. In addition, as part of the less durable than the building they were exchanged during various rebuilding and modernization, and particularly during alterations windows on a double and a single door leaves at the door with frame-me. Sentences conservation in this area in addition to investigate and determine the forms of the old woodwork, rely on preventing exchange of taunts and windows joinery and its freezing for the duration of the works. Repair damage and strengthen structures, clearing of paint and surface maintenance.
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Alghamdi, Thoria, and Gita Alaghband. "Facial Expressions Based Automatic Pain Assessment System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 6423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136423.
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Pain assessment is used to improve patients’ treatment outcomes. Human observers may be influenced by personal factors, such as inexperience and medical organizations are facing a shortage of experts. In this study, we developed a facial expressions-based automatic pain assessment system (FEAPAS) to notify medical staff when a patient suffers pain by activating an alarm and recording the incident and pain level with the date and time. The model consists of two identical concurrent subsystems, each of which takes one of the two inputs of the model, i.e., “full face” and “the upper half of the same face”. The subsystems extract the relevant input features via two pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs), using either VGG16, InceptionV3, ResNet50, or ResNeXt50, while freezing all convolutional blocks and replacing the classifier layer with a shallow CNN. The concatenated outputs in this stage is then sent to the model’s classifier. This approach mimics the human observer method and gives more importance to the upper part of the face, which is similar to the Prkachin and Soloman pain intensity (PSPI). Additionally, we further optimized our models by applying four optimizers (SGD/ADAM/RMSprop/RAdam) to each model and testing them on the UNBC-McMaster shoulder pain expression archive dataset to find the optimal combination, InceptionV3-SGD. The optimal model showed an accuracy of 99.10% on 10-fold cross-validation, thus outperforming the state-of-the-art model on the UNBC-McMaster database. It also scored 90.56% on unseen subject data. To speed up the system response time and reduce unnecessary alarms associated with temporary facial expressions, a select but effective subset of frames was inspected and classified. Two frame-selection criteria were reported. Classifying only two frames at the middle of 30-frame sequence was optimal, with an average reaction time of at most 6.49 s and the ability to avoid unnecessary alarms.
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Kennedy, P., C. McLean, G. Lamb, and R. Murphy. "Calpain-3 stability following delays in freezing skeletal muscle biopsy samples-stablishing an optimal time frame for accurate interpretation." Neuromuscular Disorders 27 (October 2017): S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.187.
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Usman, Muhammad Arslan, Muhammad Rehan Usman, and Soo Young Shin. "A Novel No-Reference Metric for Estimating the Impact of Frame Freezing Artifacts on Perceptual Quality of Streamed Videos." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 20, no. 9 (September 2018): 2344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2801722.
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Dukalskis, Alexander, and Johannes Gerschewski. "Adapting or Freezing? Ideological Reactions of Communist Regimes to a Post-Communist World." Government and Opposition 55, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.40.
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AbstractThis article studies the ideological reactions of communist regimes to the advent of a post-communist world. It examines two cases of reformed communist regimes (China and Vietnam) with two relatively unreformed cases (North Korea and Cuba) to understand different legitimation strategies employed during and after the downfall of the Soviet Union. Theoretically, the article compares two ideal-type approaches to ideology in autocratic regimes. The first approach emphasizes semantic ‘freezing’ over time. The consistency and coherence of ideology is underlined. The second approach argues that the success of an ideology lies in its ability to be a dynamic, adaptive force that can react with changing circumstances. Four parameters help to distinguish the freeze-frame end from the adaptation pole: (1) the autonomy over semantic changes, (2) the timing, (3) the velocity and (4) the distance that an ideology moves. Using qualitative case-based analysis that is enriched with quantitative text analysis of communist party documents, this article compares these contending conceptions of ideology with each other in the four cases. Sharing similar starting conditions in the 1970s, the article shows how China and Vietnam harnessed a flexible legitimation strategy while North Korea and Cuba adopted a comparatively rigid legitimation approach.
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Kojadinovic, Natasa, Zoran Marinovic, Tijana Velickovic, Aleksandra Miloskovic, Marija Jakovljevic, Ákos Horváth, and Vladica Simic. "Cryopreservation of Danube barbel Barbus balcanicus sperm and its effects on sperm subpopulation structure." Archives of Biological Sciences 72, no. 4 (2020): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs200831046k.
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The objective of this study was to develop a successful freezing protocol for cryopreservation of Danube barbel sperm, and to identify the presence of different spermatozoa subpopulations. By testing different concentrations of different cryoprotectants, we determined that the use of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) yielded the highest total motility of ~25%. Cooling rates influenced by frame height and cooling time in liquid nitrogen vapor showed that a frame height of 3 cm and cooling time of 2 min yielded the highest post-thaw motility. Supplementation of cryomedia with 0.1 M of sugars led to an increase in the total post-thaw motility by ~50%, while protein supplementation lowered post-thaw motility. Motile spermatozoa hierarchically clustered according to their motility parameters, displaying a four-subpopulation (SP1-SP4) structure. SP1 was defined by low values of velocity but high overall linearity; SP2 was comprised of fast non-linear spermatozoa, that had high velocity values but low linearity; SP3 was characterized by fast linear spermatozoa, and SP4 by slow non-linear spermatozoa. Protocols developed in this study will lead to the creation of new and enhanced conservation strategies for this species.
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Hayhoe, H. N., and D. Balchin. "Field frost heave measurement and prediction during periods of seasonal frost." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-050.
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Frost heave measurements were taken over two winter seasons on a clay loam soil located near Ottawa, Canada. Heaving was measured using linear displacement transducers attached to a metal frame that was anchored in the soil below the depth of frost penetration. The output of the displacement transducer was recorded hourly using a microcomputer-based data logger. The system functioned reliably and the observed data compared well with published measurements.Soil temperature was recorded simultaneously using thermocouples. Time-domain reflectometry was used to measure the unfrozen water content. The study shows that soil temperature measurements can be used to estimate the temperature gradient at the freezing front for determining the cumulative frost heave, as suggested by the Konrad–Morgenstern theory of ice segregation processes. Key words: frost heave, temperature, gradient, displacement transducer, segregational potential.
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Verkhivker, Ya G., E. M. Myroshnichenko, and O. V. Petkova. "Water in bakery production technology products with delayed bakery." Food systems 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2021-4-1-31-39.
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In bakery water is used as a solvent for salt, sugar and other raw materials: for dough preparation, preparation of liquid yeast, starter cultures; goes for household needs cleaning of raw materials, equipment, premises, for heat engineering purposes — the production of steam necessary to humidify the air in proofing cabinets and ovens. Water plays an important role in the technology of delayed baking of bread products or in the technology of frozen semi-finished products: it is used during kneading to obtain an optimally developed gluten frame for better form and gas holding capacity; to obtain cold dough, which is the basis for slowing down the onset of the fermentation process, while fermentation should be minimized or completely absent; the amount of water affects the consistency of the dough for better dimensional stability during defrosting. Also, a low-temperature process, deep freezing strongly affects the structural and mechanical properties of the dough and the quality of the finished product; secondly, under certain parameters of freezing, the structure of the intracellular water of yeast can lead to a decrease in their activity, and even to the death of microorganisms. Therefore, the issues of the quality and quantity of water at any technological operation in bakery production with delayed baking are issues of the quality of finished products and therefore are very relevant.
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Büsing, D., M. Jenau, J. Reuter, A. Würflinger, and J. Li Tamarit. "Differential Thermal Analysis and Dielectric Studies on 2-Methyl-2-Nitro-Propane under High Pressure." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 4-5 (May 1, 1995): 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-4-524.
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Abstract Differential thermal analysis and dielectric studies under pressures up to 300 MPa and temperatures of about 200 to 350 K have been performed on 2-methyl-2-nitro-propane (TBN). TBN displays an orientationally disordered phase (ODIC), solid I, and two non-plastic phases, solids II and III. The coexistence region of the plastic phase I increases with increasing pressure, whereas the low-temperature phase II apparently vanishes at a triple point I, II, III, above 300 MPa. The static permittivity increases on freezing, characterizing the solid I as an ODIC phase. In the frame of the Kirkwood-Onsager-Fröhlich theory the g-factor is about unity, discounting specific dielectric correlations. The dielectric behaviour of TBN is similar to previously studied related compounds, such as 2-chloro-2-methyl-propane or 2-brome- 2-methyl-propane
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Nagy, Emese, Tibor Farkas, Frances Guy, and Anna Stafylarakis. "Effects of Handshake Duration on Other Nonverbal Behavior." Perceptual and Motor Skills 127, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519876743.
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Although detailed descriptions of proper handshakes partly comprise many etiquette books, how a normal handshake can be described, its proper duration, and the consequences of violating handshake expectations remain empirically unexplored. This study measured the effect of temporal violations of the expected length of a handshake (less than three seconds according to previous studies) administered unobtrusively in a naturalistic experiment. We compared volunteer participants’ ( N = 34; 25 females; 9 males; Mage = 23.76 years, SD = 6.85) nonverbal behavior before and after (a) a prolonged handshake (>3 seconds), (b) a normal length handshake (average length <3 seconds), and (c) a control encounter with no handshake. Frame-by-frame behavioral analyses revealed that, following a prolonged handshake (vs. a normal length or no handshake), participants showed less interactional enjoyment, as indicated by less laughing. They also showed evidence of anxiety and behavioral freezing, indicated by increased hands-on-hands movements, and they showed fewer hands-on-body movements. Normal length handshakes resulted in less subsequent smiling than did prolonged handshakes, but normal length handshakes were also followed by fewer hands-on-face movements than prolonged handshakes. No behavior changes were associated with the no-handshake control condition. We found no differences in participants’ level of empathy or state/trait anxiety related to these conditions. In summary, participants reacted behaviorally to temporal manipulations of handshakes, with relevant implications for interactions in interviews, business, educational, and social settings and for assisting patients with social skills difficulties.
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Larade, Kevin, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Anoxia-induced transcriptional upregulation of sarp-19: cloning and characterization of a novel EF-hand containing gene expressed in hepatopancreas of Littorina littorea." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 82, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o04-001.
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Many marine molluscs have well-developed biochemical adaptations that allow them to live without oxygen for long periods of time, but very little is currently known about the molecular biology underlying these processes. Differential screening of a cDNA library derived from the hepatopancreas of the marine snail Littorina littorea revealed a novel anoxia-induced gene, sarp-19 (snail anoxia-responsive protein, 19 kDa). Examination of the sarp-19 transcript revealed an open reading frame that encoded a protein of 168 amino acids containing an N-terminal signal sequence and two putative EF-hand domains. Expression analysis of transcript levels established that sarp-19 accumulated over a time course of anoxia exposure, reaching a maximum 5.6-fold increase after 96 h compared with aerobic controls. However, transcript levels were reduced by 50% within 1 h when aerobic conditions were reestablished. Nuclear runoff assays confirmed transcriptional upregulation of sarp-19 during anoxia exposure, and organ explant experiments showed that the gene was also responsive to anoxia exposure in vitro. sarp-19 transcripts were also elevated in response to freezing, suggesting that the protein may have a role in the physiological responses of this intertidal snail to both aerial exposure and winter freezing. Hepatopancreas explants treated with a calcium ionophore showed increased levels of the sarp-19 transcript, suggesting a possible feedback mechanism regulated by levels of intracellular calcium. Expression was also responsive to tissue incubation with cyclic GMP and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but was not affected by cyclic AMP, implicating involvement of protein kinases G and C but not protein kinase A in the expression of sarp-19. The SARP-19 protein may play a role in calcium-activated signaling during anoxia exposure in L. littorea.Key words: anoxia, mollusc, gastropod, calcium, EF hand.
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Becerra Martinez, Helard, Andrew Hines, and Mylène C. Q. Farias. "Perceptual Quality of Audio-Visual Content with Common Video and Audio Degradations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135813.
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Audio-visual quality assessment remains as a complex research field. A great effort is being made to understand how visual and auditory domains are integrated and processed by humans. In this work, we analyzed and compared the results of three psychophisical experiments that collected quality and content scores given by a pool of subjects. The experiments include diverse content audio-visual material, e.g., Sports, TV Commercials, Interviews, Music, Documentaries and Cartoons, impaired with several visual (bitrate compression, packet-loss, and frame-freezing) and auditory (background noise, echo, clip, chop) distortions. Each experiment explores a particular domain. In Experiment 1, the video component was degraded with visual artifacts, meanwhile, the audio component did not suffer any type of degradation. In Experiment 2, the audio component was degraded while the video component remained untouched. Finally, in Experiment 3 both audio and video components were degraded. As expected, results confirmed a dominance of the visual component in the overall audio-visual quality. However, a detailed analysis showed that, for certain types of audio distortions, the audio component played a more important role in the construction of the overall perceived quality.
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Sveen, Svein Erik, and Bjørn R. Sørensen. "Establishment and Instrumentation of a Full Scale Laboratory for Thermal and Hygroscopic Investigations of Soil Behavior in Cold Climates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.827.
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This study presents the establishment and instrumentation of a laboratory for investigating how different soils behave under controlled conditions in cold climates. Ground conditions are extremely important in regards to the building sector. Establishing new infrastructure and buildings require high competence about the ground/soils in order to build robust and long lasting foundations and constructions. In cold climates, soils are frequently exposed to freezing and thawing cycles, and building projects often require additional resources compared to similar projects further south. During 2009-2010, a new laboratory was established in Narvik, Norway. The laboratory consists of 4 different 6x6m bins containing different homogenous soils down to a depth of 3m. A special designed measurement frame has been placed inside each bin, which facilitates instrumentation for thermal and hygroscopic measurements. The laboratory has many applications which may lead to advances within knowledge about thermal response of soils, artificial thawing for more efficient building in cold climates, faster dehydration and curing of concrete during winter, improved road foundations and preventing frost heaves and so on. This study describes the laboratory setup and presents test measurements on thermal responses of sand, silty sand and gravel during artificial thawing using a hydronic thawing system.
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Levia Jr., Delphis F., and Stanley R. Herwitz. "Physical properties of water in relation to stemflow leachate dynamics: implications for nutrient cycling." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-244.
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Stemflow leachate chemistry from a deciduous canopy tree species monitored during late winter and early spring precipitation events demonstrated significant chemical enrichment. By considering stemflow volume and chemical concentration in relation to the quantity that would be expected in a rain gage occupying an area equivalent to the trunk basal area, manganese was found to be enriched by a mean factor of 1450 and potassium by a mean factor of 580. The most pronounced enrichment was documented during a late winter rain-on-snow event characterized by temperature oscillations near the freezing point. During this event, manganese was enriched by a factor of 4400 and potassium by 1715. We conclude that mixed precipitation events with multiple freeze-melt cycles can generate significantly more leachate than spring rainfall events because of lower air temperatures and increased kinematic viscosity and surface tension of stemflow drainage. These physical properties lengthen the residence time of intercepted precipitation on the woody frame of the tree and promote its funneling from inclined branches. Stemflow represents a spatially localized and enriched point input that may affect tree vigor in early spring. The influence of localized aqueous chemical fluxes to the forest floor on forest biogeochemistry and ecophysiological functioning are discussed.
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Schwärzler, Monika. "‘Cheese’ and Don’t Move! Tame Animals and Contrived Poses: Rob Macinnis’s Animal Group Portraits." Instinct, Vol. 4, no. 1 (2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m6.054.rev.
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Macinnis’ photographs of various groups of animals are so striking because all the animals assembled in front of the camera seem to be most willing to accept the camera’s gaze and the power relation implied. Animals are usually hard to photograph, because they are not particularly collaborative, unpredictable in their movements, and tend to flee the frame. Macinnis’ protagonists pose and look straight into the camera. They appear tame, pacified, ‘civil’, patiently awaiting their pictorial equivalent. As in all well-managed and representative group photos, there are no obvious signs of disorder or potential subversion. Macinnis’ patchwork families look friendly and demonstrate unity and a sense of aesthetic order. Macinnis’ photos allow for a reflection on group photographs and their specific arrangements. At the same time, they make one painfully aware of the disciplinary nature of the photographic act. Posing and freezing in front of the camera is a cultural practice that had to be trained and appropriated. Narratives from the beginnings of photography prove that. By looking at Macinnis’ fully disciplined animal models, one realizes how much of our own unruliness we had to give up to fit into the photographic system. Keywords: animal group portraits, anti-photographs, composite images, discipline
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Liu, Hai-nan, Jian-rong Feng, Xiao-fang Liu, Wen-hui Li, Wen-juan Lv, and Ming Luo. "Cloning of the Self-incompatibility SFB Gene from Chinese Apricot ‘Xiaobaixing’ and Construction of the SFB Expression Vectors." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 5 (September 2016): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03722-16.
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Three kinds of expression vectors of a pollen-S determinant were constructed to provide a reference for molecular breeding of self-compatible (SC) Prunus species. An S-haplotype-specific F-box (SFB) protein gene from the ‘Xiaobaixing’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca) was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 3′-rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (3′-RACE). A 1136-bp sequence complementary to the 3′-end of the cDNA (GenBank accession number KP938528.2) with a 912-bp complete open reading frame (ORF) was obtained. The deduced amino acid sequence contained an F-box domain, two variable regions, and two hypervariable regions with structural characteristics similar to SFB in other Rosaceae plants. Sense, antisense, and RNA interference (RNAi) vectors for SFB were constructed by enzyme restriction. The target fragment was restricted using the corresponding restriction enzyme and then directionally inserted between the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator (NOS-ter) of the expression vector pCAMBIA-35S-MCS-NOS-NPTII. The intron-containing hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) was obtained by fusion PCR. The constructed vectors were transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 by freezing/thawing. The RNAi vector of SFB was also transformed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The successful construction of these three expression vectors provides a basis for transforming ‘Xiaobaixing’ apricot and the breeding of SC Prunus cultivars.
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Fu, Jingjing, Feng Chen, Huihui Chai, Lixia Gao, Xiaohui Lv, and Ling Yu. "Lyophilized Gelatin@non-Woven Scaffold to Promote Spheroids Formation and Enrich Cancer Stem Cell Incidence." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050808.
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A gelatin@non-woven fabric (gelatin@NWF) hybrid scaffold with tailored micropore structures was fabricated by lyophilizing, using gelatin to support cells and the NWF matrix as a frame to enforce the mechanical stability of gelatin. By freezing the gelatin and NWF hybrid in liquid nitrogen and subsequently lyophilizing and crosslinking the process, the gelatin@NWF scaffold was prepared to support cell growth and promote cell aggregation and spheroids’ formation. The results indicated that by tuning the lyophilizing temperature, the micropore size on the gelatin could be tailored. Consequently, tumor spheroids can be formed on gelatin@NWF scaffolds with honeycomb-like pores around 10 µm. The cell spheroids formed on the tailored gelatin@NWF scaffold were characterized in cancer stem cell (CSC)-associated gene expression, chemotherapy drug sensitivity, and motility. It was found that the expression of the CSC-associated biomarkers SOX2, OCT4, and ALDH1A1 in gene and protein levels in DU 145 cell spheres formed on gelatin@NWF scaffolds were significantly higher than in those cells grown as monolayers. Moreover, cells isolated from spheroids grown on gelatin@NWF scaffold showed higher drug resistance and motility. Tumor spheroids can be formed on a long-term storage scaffold, highlighting the potential of gelatin@NWF as a ready-to-use scaffold for tumor cell sphere generation and culturing.
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Lewkowicz, Antoni G. "Slope hummock development, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada." Quaternary Research 75, no. 2 (March 2011): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.013.
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AbstractSlope hummocks, a type of nonsorted patterned ground, are composed of stratified, organic, silty sand, and develop through the interaction of niveo-eolian deposition, solifluction, slopewash, and vegetation growth. Fields of hummocks show consistent patterns: forms on convex slopes increase in height downslope until the channel is reached, whereas those on convexo-concave slopes increase on the upper convexity but are buried by niveo-eolian deposition downslope of the snowbank remnant. These trends can be reproduced using a simple numerical model based on measured slope and snow depth profiles, sediment concentrations in the snow and solifluction rates. The model indicates that hummocks transit slopes of 20–40 m in about 2–4 ka, a time-frame that is plausible given site emergence, measured rates of solifluction, and published dates for organic horizons within hummocks on northern Ellesmere Island. Sensitivity analyses show that long-term effect of climate warming on hummock heights may differ depending on whether it is accompanied by precipitation increase or decrease. The required combination of two-sided freezing to promote plug-like movement, incomplete vegetation cover and thin snow that enable eolian erosion during winter and spring, and vegetation growth in snow-bed sites to stabilize niveo-eolian deposits may explain why these forms are important regionally but apparently are not present throughout the Arctic.
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Marinou, Eleni, Matthias Tesche, Athanasios Nenes, Albert Ansmann, Jann Schrod, Dimitra Mamali, Alexandra Tsekeri, et al. "Retrieval of ice-nucleating particle concentrations from lidar observations and comparison with UAV in situ measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 17 (September 9, 2019): 11315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11315-2019.
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Abstract. Aerosols that are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are crucial for the formation of cloud ice via heterogeneous nucleation in the atmosphere. The distribution of INPs on a large spatial scale and as a function of height determines their impact on clouds and climate. However, in situ measurements of INPs provide sparse coverage over space and time. A promising approach to address this gap is to retrieve INP concentration profiles by combining particle concentration profiles derived by lidar measurements with INP efficiency parameterizations for different freezing mechanisms (immersion freezing, deposition nucleation). Here, we assess the feasibility of this new method for both ground-based and spaceborne lidar measurements, using in situ observations collected with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and subsequently analyzed with the FRIDGE (FRankfurt Ice nucleation Deposition freezinG Experiment) INP counter from an experimental campaign at Cyprus in April 2016. Analyzing five case studies we calculated the cloud-relevant particle number concentrations using lidar measurements (n250,dry with an uncertainty of 20 % to 40 % and Sdry with an uncertainty of 30 % to 50 %), and we assessed the suitability of the different INP parameterizations with respect to the temperature range and the type of particles considered. Specifically, our analysis suggests that our calculations using the parameterization of Ullrich et al. (2017) (applicable for the temperature range −50 to −33 ∘C) agree within 1 order of magnitude with the in situ observations of nINP; thus, the parameterization of Ullrich et al. (2017) can efficiently address the deposition nucleation pathway in dust-dominated environments. Additionally, our calculations using the combination of the parameterizations of DeMott et al. (2015, 2010) (applicable for the temperature range −35 to −9 ∘C) agree within 2 orders of magnitude with the in situ observations of INP concentrations (nINP) and can thus efficiently address the immersion/condensation pathway of dust and nondust particles. The same conclusion is derived from the compilation of the parameterizations of DeMott et al. (2015) for dust and Ullrich et al. (2017) for soot. Furthermore, we applied this methodology to estimate the INP concentration profiles before and after a cloud formation, indicating the seeding role of the particles and their subsequent impact on cloud formation and characteristics. More synergistic datasets are expected to become available in the future from EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) and in the frame of the European ACTRIS-RI (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure). Our analysis shows that the developed techniques, when applied on CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) spaceborne lidar observations, are in agreement with the in situ measurements. This study gives us confidence for the production of global 3-D products of cloud-relevant particle number concentrations (n250,dry, Sdry and nINP) using the CALIPSO 13-year dataset. This could provide valuable insight into the global height-resolved distribution of INP concentrations related to mineral dust, as well as possibly other aerosol types.
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Bellieni, Carlo Valerio. "Verbal Communication with the Patient Is Not Enough: The Six Languages of the Sick." Nursing Reports 12, no. 4 (October 13, 2022): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12040072.
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Evidence shows that verbal communication is just one of the ways patients indicate their wishes. For a sufficiently careful communication, we should also grasp other five unusual though evident languages: (a) body language, (b) the way patients manage their environment, (c) unconscious language, (d) lab-evidenced language, and (e) the way they master technology. So, we have six languages that should be intertwined to understand the real language of the sick. Grasping these languages helps health professionals frame the patient's mood, their level of suffering or mental growth, and understand what words alone cannot express. Words cannot express completely what a patient senses: for subjection, shyness, because some patients are still non-verbal or because verbal communication is just a useful way of freezing concept but has not the same fluidity and liberty of the other above-described languages. It is mandatory for caregivers to wonder how many of these languages they are actually decrypting during an interview with the patient. On the other hand, caregivers unconsciously communicate much through two unexpected languages: the architectural language and the language of medical procedures. The way they welcome or obstruct the patient, their hesitations across a treatment, or in showing a serene collegiality are forms of subtle communication. A paradigmatic scenario where all these languages should be implemented is the “informed consent” process, which should be turned into a “shared therapeutic pathway”, summing up all the communicative modes illustrated in the text.
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Yao, Chunya, Xingguo Li, Yingmei Li, Guohui Yang, Wanda Liu, Bangtao Shao, Jiliang Zhong, Pengfei Huang, and Deguo Han. "Overexpression of a Malus baccata MYB Transcription Factor Gene MbMYB4 Increases Cold and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031794.
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In the natural environment, plants often face unfavorable factors such as drought, cold, and freezing, which affect their growth and yield. The MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factor family is widely involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh was used as the research material, and a gene MbMYB4 of the MYB family was cloned from it. The open reading frame (ORF) of MbMYB4 was found to be 762 bp, encoding 253 amino acids; sequence alignment results and predictions of the protein structure indicated that the MbMYB4 protein contained the conserved MYB domain. Subcellular localization showed that MbMYB4 was localized in the nucleus. In addition, the use of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technology found that the expression of MbMYB4 was enriched in the young leaf and root, and it was highly affected by cold and drought treatments in M. baccata seedlings. When MbMYB4 was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana, it greatly increased the cold and drought tolerance in the transgenic plant. Under cold and drought stresses, the proline and chlorophyll content, and peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities of transgenic A. thaliana increased significantly, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the relative conductivity decreased significantly, indicating that the plasma membrane damage of transgenic A. thaliana was lesser. Therefore, the overexpression of the MbMYB4 gene in A. thaliana can enhance the tolerance of transgenic plants to cold and drought stresses.
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Tanaka, Daigo, Kenji Shimada, and Yoed Rabin. "Two-Phase Computerized Planning of Cryosurgery Using Bubble-Packing and Force-Field Analogy." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 128, no. 1 (September 19, 2005): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2136166.
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Background : Cryosurgery is the destruction of undesired tissues by freezing, as in prostate cryosurgery, for example. Minimally invasive cryosurgery is currently performed by means of an array of cryoprobes, each in the shape of a long hypodermic needle. The optimal arrangement of the cryoprobes, which is known to have a dramatic effect on the quality of the cryoprocedure, remains an art held by the cryosurgeon, based on the cryosurgeon’s experience and “rules of thumb.” An automated computerized technique for cryosurgery planning is the subject matter of the current paper, in an effort to improve the quality of cryosurgery. Method of Approach: A two-phase optimization method is proposed for this purpose, based on two previous and independent developments by this research team. Phase I is based on a bubble-packing method, previously used as an efficient method for finite element meshing. Phase II is based on a force-field analogy method, which has proven to be robust at the expense of a typically long runtime. Results: As a proof-of-concept, results are demonstrated on a two-dimensional case of a prostate cross section. The major contribution of this study is to affirm that in many instances cryosurgery planning can be performed without extremely expensive simulations of bioheat transfer, achieved in Phase I. Conclusions: This new method of planning has proven to reduce planning runtime from hours to minutes, making automated planning practical in a clinical time frame.
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Matsushima, Jun, Makoto Suzuki, Yoshibumi Kato, and Shuichi Rokugawa. "Ultrasonic measurements of attenuation and velocity of compressional and shear waves in partially frozen unconsolidated sediment and synthetic porous rock." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): D141—D153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0350.1.
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The presence of partially frozen liquid in the pore spaces of porous materials has significant effects on elastic wave propagation. Although the characterization of partially frozen systems using velocity information has been well developed, application of the attenuation information is limited because the attenuation mechanisms in partially frozen systems are poorly understood. We have conducted ultrasonic wave transmission measurements with changing temperatures from 0°C to [Formula: see text] to estimate the effect of partially frozen liquids grown in unconsolidated (unconsolidated sediment) and consolidated (synthetic porous rock) materials on the velocity and attenuation of P- and S-waves. Our experimental results determined that the existence of partially frozen liquid in the unconsolidated and consolidated materials increases the velocity and attenuation for temperatures of 0°C to around the freezing point (i.e., [Formula: see text]), thus experimentally validating the unintuitive observations of high velocity and high attenuation. We interpreted the differences in velocity-versus-temperature curves as both the difference in inherent stiffness between the matrix of the consolidated material and the ice frame of the partially frozen unconsolidated material and the microscale ice distribution in pore spaces. We have also attributed the difference in the attenuation-versus-temperature curves in the unconsolidated and consolidated materials between the P- and S-waves to the difference of attenuation mechanism between the P- and S-waves. Our findings can be used for interpreting the velocity and attenuation results from the sonic logging measurements.
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Alzain, Mohammed Abbas. "Legal References for Palestinian Foreign Policy." المجلة الدولية للدراسات القانونية والفقهية المقارنة 3, no. 3 (December 2022): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/lcjs2022.3.3.2.
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The current Palestinian foreign policy arose under the Palestine Liberation Organization as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and is now led by the Palestinian National Authority which was established after the Oslo Accords in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Therefore, it is important to know the nature of the legal references and the frame of reference for these Palestinian institutions in the environment of the international community in their practice of foreign policy, as a measure of progress in achieving Palestinian goals and ending the Israeli occupation. There is a problem in these references because they are somewhat vague, and the researcher has sought to clarify them through this study by following the descriptive-analytical approach where the study discussed the nature of international references that emerged from the Oslo Accords, as well as international diplomatic law, and its impact on Palestinian foreign policy. The study also discussed the internal references that emerged from the Palestinian Legislative Council and the Palestinian Basic Law. The study is concluded with several results, most notably the existence of a real weakness in the references of the Palestinian foreign policy, in the absence of oversight over performance, and the freezing of the work of the Palestinian Legislative Council. The study also made several recommendations, most notably the need to reconsider the role of the Palestine Liberation Organization, which has retreated in favor of the Palestinian National Authority.
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Hafu, Tetiana, and Iryna Osovska. "THE MENTAL RESOURCE OF MODERN ENGLISH GASTRONOMIC ADVERTISING DISCOURSE." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.18-34.
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The article presents the results of the study and comparison of the mental resource of two types of modern English gastronomic discourse – modern gastronomic advertising discourse and modern gastronomic advertising aesthetic discourse. The basic constituents of the conceptual systems of modern English gastronomic advertising and aesthetic discourses – discourse concepts-autochthons, as well as system connections between them, are statistically verified with the help of quantitative methods in linguistics. The reproduction of the established features of the concept systems in cognitive maps has allowed to reveal common and distinctive features in understanding gastronomic advertising discourse by various representatives of the English community – statistically average consumers and aesthete-gourmets. In particular, it was found that the frame of the conceptual systems is 49 autochthons for the MEGAD and 48 for the MEGAAD, which captures the main mental dominant for the cognitive-communicative activity of the modern English average consumer and aesthete-gourmet in the gastronomic segment of life. Thus, water and drinks, pastries, sweets and dairy products, fast food, preservation (freezing and preserving) of products, food for animals, healthy eating, taste and sensation, nutrition, brand and price of a product are significant for the average English-speaking consumer. Instead, MEGAAD has an actualized knowledge of the dish as an aesthetic creature with special ingredients, consumed in special time and temporal conditions, is prepared in a special way, creates special sensations, is useful, has a special nutritional value, dietary properties and is presented in the blog – a special section with a theme, describing the author's experiences, his feelings and emotions, first of all aesthetic pleasure.
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Plotnik, M., D. Roggen, N. Giladi, J. M. Hausdorff, G. Tröster, and M. Bächlin. "A Wearable System to Assist Walking of Parkinson´s Disease Patients." Methods of Information in Medicine 49, no. 01 (2010): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-02-0003.
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Summary Background: About 50% of the patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer from freezing of gait (FOG), which is a sudden and transient inability to walk. It often causes falls, interferes with daily activities and significantly impairs quality of life. Because gait deficits in PD patients are often resistant to pharmacologic treatment, effective non-pharmacologic treatments are of special interest. Objectives: The goal of our study is to evaluate the concept of a wearable device that can obtain real-time gait data, processes them and provides asistance based on pre-determined specifications. Methods: We developed a real-time wearable FOG detection system that automatically provides a cueing sound when FOG is detected and which stays until the subject resumes walking. We evaluated our wearable assistive technology in a study with 10 PD patients. Over eight hours of data was recorded and a questionnaire was filled out by each patient. Results: Two hundred and thirty-seven FOG events have been identified by professional physiotherapists in a post-hoc video analysis. The device detected the FOG events online with a sensitivity of 73.1% and a specificity of 81.6% on a 0.5 sec frame-based evaluation. Conclusions: With this study we show that online assistive feedback for PD patients is possible. We present and discuss the patients’ and physiotherapists’ perspectives on wear-abilty and performance of the wearable assistant as well as their gait performance when using the assistant and point out the next research steps. Our results demonstrate the benefit of such a context-aware system and motivate further studies.
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Foresti, Loris, Ioannis V. Sideris, Daniele Nerini, Lea Beusch, and Urs Germann. "Using a 10-Year Radar Archive for Nowcasting Precipitation Growth and Decay: A Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 1547–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0206.1.
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Abstract Machine learning algorithms are trained on a 10-yr archive of composite weather radar images in the Swiss Alps to nowcast precipitation growth and decay in the next few hours in moving coordinates (Lagrangian frame). The hypothesis of this study is that growth and decay is more predictable in mountainous regions, which represent a potential source of practical predictability by machine learning methods. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed to learn the complex nonlinear dependence relating the growth and decay to the input predictors, which are geographical location, mesoscale motion vectors, freezing level height, and time of the day. The average long-term growth and decay patterns are effectively reproduced by the ANN, which allows exploring their climatology for any combination of predictors. Due to the low intrinsic predictability of growth and decay, its prediction in real time is more challenging, but is substantially improved when adding persistence information to the predictors, more precisely the growth and decay and precipitation intensity in the immediate past. The improvement is considerable in mountainous regions, where, depending on flow direction, the root-mean-square error of ANN predictions can be 20%–30% lower compared with persistence. Because large uncertainty is associated with precipitation forecasting, deterministic machine learning predictions should be coupled with a model for the predictive uncertainty. Therefore, we consider a probabilistic perspective by estimating prediction intervals based on a combination of quantile decision trees and ANNs. The probabilistic framework is an attempt to address the problem of conditional bias, which often characterizes deterministic machine learning predictions obtained by error minimization.
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Mecikalski, John R., Xuanli Li, Lawrence D. Carey, Eugene W. McCaul, and Timothy A. Coleman. "Regional Comparison of GOES Cloud-Top Properties and Radar Characteristics in Advance of First-Flash Lightning Initiation." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00120.1.
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Abstract Lightning initiation (LI) events over Florida and Oklahoma are examined and statistically compared to understand the behavior of observed radar and infrared satellite interest fields (IFs) in the 75-min time frame surrounding LI. Lightning initiation is defined as the time of the first lightning, of any kind, generated in a cumulonimbus cloud. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) infrared IFs, contoured frequency by altitude diagrams (CFADs) of radar reflectivity, and model sounding data, analyzed in concert, show the mean characteristics over time for 36 and 23 LI events over Florida and Oklahoma, respectively. CFADs indicate that radar echoes formed 60 min before Florida LI, yet Oklahoma storms exhibited a ~30-min delayed development. Large ice volumes in Florida developed from the freezing of lofted liquid hydrometeors formed by long-lived (~45 min) warm rain processes, which are mostly absent in Oklahoma. However, ice volumes developed abruptly in Oklahoma storms despite missing a significant warm rain component. GOES fields were significantly different before 30 min prior to LI between the two locations. Compared to Florida storms, lower precipitable water (PW), higher convective available potential energy, and higher 3.9-μm reflectance in Oklahoma, suggest stronger and drier updrafts producing a greater abundance of small ice particles. Somewhat larger 15-min 10.7-μm cooling rates in Oklahoma confirm stronger updrafts, while clouds in the 60–30-min pre-LI period show more IF variability (e.g., in the 6.5–10.7-μm difference). Florida storms (high PW, slower growth) offer more lead time for LI predictability, compared to Oklahoma storms (low PW, explosive growth), with defined anvils being obvious at the time of LI.
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Costin, Romeo, Tatiana Tozar, V. Zainea, Ruxandra Pîrvulescu, I. R. Andrei, and R. Hainăroșie. "Detection of epidermoid squamous-cell carcinoma by laser induced autofluorescence -preliminary results." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 119, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2016.119.2.8.
Full textAbstract:
Epidermoid squamous-cell carcinoma is by far the most common malignant tumor of larynx (95-96%), representing 1.6-2% of cancers in men and 0.2-0.4% of malignancies in females, with a world growing incidence and a slight dominance in urban areas. By exposing cells and tissues to UV light, the excitation of naturally occurring chromophores occurs in part by non-radiative deactivations, in part via fluorescence emission. Using laser induced autofluorescence (LIAF) in natural tissues not impregnated with photosensitizers as a noninvasive autofluorescence technique for both diagnosis and intraoperative assessments of laryngeal cancer we can improve the tumor malign identification in vivo. A total of three laryngeal biopsies (i.e. three pairs of tissues, each pair containing a healthy and a tumor tissue sample extracted from the same patient) were considered in this study. The samples were collected from patients previously diagnosed with stage T3 laryngeal carcinoma. Immediately after the surgery fragments of normal tissue and neoplastic tissue were collected, fragments of which later, after freezing, were sectioned in 25-30 μm thickness slices and stretched to quartz slides. All samples were subjected to controlled laser irradiation using a pulsed diode laser (λ=375nm, pulse width=87ps, frequency 31MHz) and the autofluorescence and its lifetime were collected using two optical fibers (inner diameter 400µm and 1500µm, respectively) positioned in a 45 o geometry. The signals were recorded using a spectrograph and a photo-sensor module, the output of which was fed to a digital oscilloscope. We assessed the impact of laser induced autofluorescence and autofluorescence lifetime measurements in order to identify the differences between healthy and tumoral laryngeal tissue and outlining them, in terms of differences between the laser autoinduced fluorescence averaged intensity. The results determined the usefulness of laser induced spectroscopy in the diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, discriminating between the malignant and normal tissue by analyzing the differences in spectral autofluorescence intensity and autofluorescence lifetime. Acknowledgements: This work has been financed by the National Authority for Research and Innovation in the frame of Nucleus programme -contract 4N/2016 and the project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0922. The authors thank Prof. M. L. Pascu for permanent support in performing this research.
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Cai, Q., and K. B. Storey. "Freezing-induced genes in wood frog (Rana sylvatica): fibrinogen upregulation by freezing and dehydration." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): R1480—R1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.5.r1480.
Full textAbstract:
Differential screening of a cDNA library produced from liver of the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica, was used to search for freezing-induced genes. Five freezing-responsive cDNA clones representing different genes were isolated when approximately 80,000 plaques of a cDNA library, prepared from liver of frozen frogs (24 h at -2.5 degrees C), were screened with 32P-labeled total cDNA probes from control (5 degrees C) versus freezing-exposed frogs. Two clones, pBfFR45 and pBfFR04, are reported here in detail and were found to be homologous with the genes for the alpha- and gamma-subunits of fibrinogen, respectively. The clone pBfFR45 carried a 2,305-hp cDNA sequence that was of bipartite structure, containing two open reading frames (ORFs). The first ORF potentially encoded a 332-residue polypeptide, covering a partial sequence of the NH2-terminal region of the alpha-chain. The second ORF encoded a 247-amino acid sequence, covering the whole COOH-terminal region of the alpha-chain; this was highly homologous to the FASORF (fibrinogen-alpha second ORF) of chicken alpha-fibrinogen and the extended alpha-chain of the human protein. Under control (5 degrees C) conditions, moderate levels of fibrinogen alpha- and gamma-transcripts were exclusively found in liver. When frogs were given survivable freezing exposures, levels of these transcripts in liver were highly induced. Transcription of these genes was also elevated in gut and lung during freezing, but mRNA levels in these tissues were lower than in liver. A time course assay confirmed that the transcript levels of both alpha- and gamma-subunit genes were dramatically elevated within the early hours of freezing and reached a maximum threefold increase over control levels after 8 h of freezing exposure. Two other physiological stresses, whole body dehydration and anoxia exposure, mimic individual elements of freezing stress in wood frogs. Northern blot hybridization analysis showed that the expression of both the alpha- and gamma-genes was also upregulated in response to dehydration in vivo (20% of total body water lost), but both were completely inhibited by anoxia exposure.