To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fragment.
Journal articles on the topic 'Fragment'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Fragment.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Fatia, Salma, Muhammad Ainul Yaqin, and Adi Heru Utomo. "Common Process Extraction pada Model Proses Bisnis Tebang Muat Angkut (TMA)." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Terapan 7, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jtit.v7i2.162.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract— In an organizational environment, there are various business process models with the same procedures. If an organization builds a system with the same procedure repeatedly, it will undoubtedly incur a lot of effort and money. Therefore, it is necessary to extract common fragments to save effort. This research uses four scenarios of business process models: sequence, branching, nested branching, and looping. This study uses Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) notation so that the process model consists of activities, connectors, and gateways. Structural similarity is measured using the Jaccard similarity formula by comparing the process model. The similarity of behavior is measured using the Transition Adjacency Relations (TARs) method to obtain common fragments. The results show that the sequence process model will produce a common fragment that tends to be sequential too. The branching will produce a common fragment that tends to branch, and nested branching will produce a common fragment that tends to be branched and nested, as well as looping will produce a common fragment contains looping too. The experimental results show that the proposed method can extract common fragments based on the available business process models.
Keywords—BPMN; common fragment; behavioral similarity; TARs
Abstrak— Dalam lingkungan organisasi, terdapat berbagai model proses bisnis dengan prosedur yang sama. Jika suatu organisasi membangun sistem dengan prosedur yang sama secara berulang-ulang, niscaya akan mengeluarkan banyak tenaga dan biaya. Oleh karena itu, perlu mengekstrak fragmen umum untuk menghemat tenaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat skenario model proses bisnis yaitu sequence, branching, nested branching, dan looping. Penelitian ini menggunakan notasi Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) sehingga model proses terdiri dari aktivitas, konektor, dan gateway. Kemiripan struktural diukur menggunakan rumus kemiripan Jaccard dengan membandingkan model proses. Kesamaan perilaku diukur menggunakan metode Transition Adjacency Relations (TARs) untuk mendapatkan fragmen yang sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model sequence process akan menghasilkan common fragment yang cenderung berurutan juga. Percabangan akan menghasilkan fragmen umum yang cenderung bercabang, dan percabangan bersarang akan menghasilkan fragmen umum yang cenderung bercabang dan bersarang, serta perulangan akan menghasilkan fragmen umum yang berisi perulangan juga. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diusulkan dapat mengekstrak fragmen umum berdasarkan model proses bisnis yang tersedia.
Keywords—BPMN; common fragment; kemiripan perilaku; TARs
2
Scappaticcio, Maria Chiara. "Dalla calligrafia alla letteratura: schegge di esametri latini in un’esercitazione scrittoria d’Egitto." Revue des Études Anciennes 123, no. 1 (2021): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rea.2021.6985.
Full textAbstract:
La publication d’une nouvelle édition d’un fragment d’un exercice de calligraphie en latin, en provenance d’Egypte, et datant du premier siècle ap. J-C. (P. Mich. VII 459, in ZPE 2020), a permis d’identifier deux séquences textuelles. Ces deux fragments hexamétriques ne peuvent avec certitude être rattachés à un texte ou même à un auteur connu, mais semblent toutefois appartenir au genre épique. Le premier fragment consiste en une invocation à Jupiter (Iuppiter omnipotens). Le deuxième est un adjectif rarissime, auricomus/ lauricomus. Sans prétendre à une paternité certaine, ces deux possibles fragments d’hexamètres latins peuvent enrichir la collection des Fragmenta poetarum Latinorum anonymes.
3
Allen, David. "Fifth Fragment from Seven Fragments." Janus Head 4, no. 2 (2001): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh20014233.
Full text
4
Riedweg, Christoph. "TrGF 2.624 – A Euripidean Fragment." Classical Quarterly 40, no. 1 (May 1990): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800026835.
Full textAbstract:
In the authoritative new collection of the Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (TrGF), a five-trimeter passage appears as No. 624 in the second volume which contains the ‘Fragmenta adespota’. Whereas Nauck placed the lines among the ‘Fragmenta dubia et spuria’ of Euripides (Eur. fr. 1131), Kannicht and Snell separate them totally from the Euripidean fragments and associate them with various pseudepigraphical pieces of tragic poetry which are commonly thought to have originated in the ‘workshop of a Jewish forger’. The purpose of my article is to challenge this decision and to show that TrGF 2.624 may well be genuine poetry by Euripides if we restore the lines to their probable original form. An attempt to reconstruct the original context of the fragment will also be added.
5
Kotelevskaya, Vera V. "ON THE WAYS OF FRAGMENTED WRITING (SEVEN FRAGMENTS)." Practices & Interpretations: A Journal of Philology, Teaching and Cultural Studies 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2415-8852-2022-2-183-196.
Full textAbstract:
I offer an ensemble of seven fragments featuring modernist and postmodernist authors who practiced fragmentary writing. Fragmented writing is seen as a way of addressing the epistemological problem of part and whole, the aesthetic architectonics of part and whole, as well as existential issues (death, end / nonfinalism). Accordingly, through the prism of modernist artists (Schwitters, Bellmer, Rilke, Mandelstam), the attitude to fragment and whole is demonstrated, which forms a special poetics of dissociation of speech, reconstruction and deconstruction of artifact body and novel character, subversion of narrative mechanisms, including problematization of visual work frame, beginning and end of narrative text. It is revealed that the destructed, fragmented image of the world is often expressed in traditional genres or exploited by stylizing and parodying them. Wittgenstein, Benjamin, Adorno and Hamacher are considered as philosophers and philologists who have chosen the form of fragment (collection of aphorisms, notes and extracts, quotations). In their modus operandi of reflection and style there is a connection with the early Romantic tradition of the fragment, according to which the fragment is both an isolated, completed short text and part of the whole (in the pragmatic sense, an ensemble of fragments; in the epistemological sense, an absolute whole). For Schlegel and Novalis the connection between the fragment and the whole was thought of as an anticipation of the whole in an infinite series of acts of reflection: the whole is unattainable, but the process is infinite. In the 20th and 21st centuries the difficulty, up to complete negation in poststructuralism, of grasping the transcendental signifier evokes a sense of melancholy and nostalgia, and provokes a utopian return to archaic, ascetic escapism. Fragmented writing thus becomes a form of reaction to the modernist acceleration of time, the instrumentalization of the mind and the alienation of the person. The review presented here is stylized in the form of notes-fragments, linked by leitmotifs and a number of ideas that allow not only the construction but also the problematization of fragmented writing.
6
Fernández-Juricic, Esteban. "Local and Regional Effects of Pedestrians on Forest Birds in a Fragmented Landscape." Condor 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.247.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract I assessed the effects of pedestrians on the distribution of forest bird species in wooded parks in the city of Madrid within and between fragments. Within fragments, increasing levels of pedestrians reduced species richness and overall abundance of individuals within circular plots. The abundance of foraging individuals of four species (Magpies Pica pica, Blackbirds Turdus merula, Starlings Sturnus unicolor, and Woodpigeon Columba palumbus) diminished when pedestrians walked near sampling plots, as well as their breeding densities in relation to increasing disturbance levels. Between fragments, after controlling for fragment size effects, pedestrian rate was negatively related to species richness in two breeding seasons. Species turnover was positively associated to mean pedestrian rate and inter-annual variability in pedestrian rate. At the species level, pedestrian rate negatively affected the probabilities of fragment occupation of 16 species beyond the effects of fragment size and isolation. Locally, the short-term behavioral responses to visitors may reduce the suitability of highly disturbed parks in such a way as to decrease breeding densities and the probabilities of fragment occupation and persistence. The effects of human disturbance in fragmented landscapes should be incorporated into management decisions as another relevant factor that may reduce habitat quality.
7
HARRINGTON, G. N., A. N. D. FREEMAN, and F. H. J. CROME. "The effects of fragmentation of an Australian tropical rain forest on populations and assemblages of small mammals." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 2 (March 2001): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001158.
Full textAbstract:
Small mammals were trapped in four rain forest fragments (3, 8, 20 and 97 ha), in an agricultural landscape, and in comparable continuous tropical rain forest in north Queensland, Australia over 2 y. The most frequently captured species were four murid rodents. Melomys cervinipes were captured in similar numbers in both continuous and fragmented forest. This species achieves greatest abundance at forest edges and this study suggests that edges of fragments and edges of continuous forest will support similar densities. Abundance of Uromys caudimaculatus was positively correlated with size of fragment and peaked in continuous forest. This species had a home range larger than the smaller fragments and was thus disadvantaged but its ability to utilize the agricultural matrix between fragments mitigated the effect. Rattus leucopus and R. fuscipes were most abundant in fragments and continuous forest respectively but both species occurred in similar abundance in the 97-ha fragment. This suggests their population size is related to habitat rather than competitive exclusion as previously postulated. Ordination of the populations of the nine most commonly captured mammals, separated the fragment and continuous sites but placed the largest fragment closest to the continuous sites. The contrasting response of the two Rattus spp. was the primary influence on the ordination. Second in importance was Trichosurus vulpecula, a folivorous possum, which was absent from the continuous sites. The fragments may have had more nutrient-rich, pioneer tree foliage than continuous forest. Isoodon macrourus, Perameles nasuta, Antechinus godmani and Uromys hadrourus also showed positive or negative response to fragmentation. Species utilizing the matrix between forest fragments and species adapted to forest edge are advantaged by the fragmentation process whereas forest specialists tend to extinction in fragments, particularly where the home range of the animal is not many times smaller than the fragment.
8
Vinnikov, Vladimir, Maria Gritsevich, and Leonid Turchak. "Shape estimation for Košice, Almahata Sitta and Bassikounou meteoroids." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S306 (May 2014): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314013519.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper is concerned with a meteoroid shape estimation technique based on statistical laws of distribution for fragment masses. The idea is derived from the experiments that show that brittle fracturing produces multiple fragments of size lesser than or equal to the least dimension of the body. The number of fragments depends on fragment masses as a power law with exponential cutoff. The scaling exponent essentially indicates the initial form of the fragmented body. We apply the technique of scaling analysis to the empirical data on the mass distributions for Košice, Almahata Sitta and Bassikounou meteorites.
9
Khudyakov, Maxim, Arcady V. Dyskin, and Elena Pasternak. "Continuum model of wave propagation in fragmented media: linear damping approximation." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 3 (August 10, 2017): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-461-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Energy dissipation during wave propagation in fragmented geomaterials can be caused by independent movement of fragments leading to energy loss on their impact. By considering a pair of impacting fragments at times much greater than the period of their oscillations, we show that at a large timescale, the dynamics of the pair can be described by a linear viscous model with damping coefficients expressed through the restitution coefficient representing energy loss on impact. Wave propagation in fragmented geomaterials is also considered at the large timescale assuming that the wavelengths are much larger than the fragment sizes such that the attenuation associated with wave scattering on the fragment interfaces can be neglected. These assumptions lead to the Kelvin–Voigt model of damping during wave propagation, which allows the determination of a dispersion relationship. As the attenuation and dispersion are not related to the rate dependence of rock deformation, but rather to the interaction of fragments, the increased energy dispersion at low frequencies can be seen as an indication of the fragmented nature of the geomaterial and the capacity of the fragments for independent movement.
10
Németh, András. "Mismatching Fragments from the Excerpta Constantiniana." Vatican Library Review 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2023): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27728641-00202004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Excerpta Constantiniana, the scarce remains of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII’s (sole r. 945–959) ambitious project to systematize historical works in Greek, has been long understood as a rich repository of fragments from historical texts that no longer survive in their entirety. Since the late sixteenth century, this notion encouraged antiquarian philologists to assemble fragments from otherwise lost works. The concept of reassembling fragments into lost wholes relied on the analogy of solid objects which are fragmented and can be re-unified, implying the uniformity of a single fragment. The case of the dialogue between Polybius and the weeping Scipio Aemilanus is particularly illustrative. It was first excavated as a solid fragment from Appian and became a Polybian fragment for centuries. The discovery of two versions, a legible one from Diodorus and the illegible from Polybius encouraged the reconstruction of the Polybian version based on the alternative versions, especially Appian’s. The new reading of the Polybian version in Vat. gr. 73, facilitated by multispectral photography, demonstrates that such reconstructions were at some points incorrect.
11
Held, Manfred. "Fragment Mass Distribution of “Secondary Fragments”." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 16, no. 1 (February 1991): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19910160106.
Full text
12
Gärtner, Kurt. "A new fragment of 'Athis and Prophilias' Ein neues Fragment von ‘Athis und Prophilias'." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 149, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2020-0014.
Full textAbstract:
The romance of 'Athis and Prophilias', based on a French source, was previously known only in fragments from three 13th century manuscripts. The new textual witness transmits a scene that is also preserved in an already known fragment, but in a mostly modified version. This suggests that the Athis poem has been completely or at least partially reworked. Der nach einer französischen Quelle verfasste Minneroman von 'Athis und Prophilias' war bisher nur in Fragmenten aus drei Hss. des 13. Jh. s bekannt. Der neue Textzeuge überliefert eine Szene, die auch in einem bereits bekannten Fragment erhalten ist, jedoch in einer weitgehenden Umgestaltung. Dies legt die Annahme nahe, dass die Athis-Dichtung ganz oder wenigstens teilweise neu bearbeitet worden ist.
13
Santiago, Graziele Da Silva, B. R. F. Campos, and Carla Rodrigues Ribas. "How does landscape anthropization affect the myrmecofauna of urban forest fragments?" Sociobiology 65, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.3042.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluate whether landscape variables surrounding urban remnant forest fragments influence ant diversity and its components in urban areas. The study was conducted in six riparian forest fragments in midwestern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, by sampling epigaeic and arboreal ants. Arboreal ants respond to fragmente isolation with changes in alpha, beta and gamma diversities. Isolation likely hinders dispersion and re-colonization such that the more isolated a fragment is, the less likely that new species arrive there. On other hand, epigaeic diversity did not show any response to variables of the surroundings or fragments, probably because natural periodic floods constitute a more severe disturbance for these ants. In addition, throughout the process of urbanization, anthropogenic improvements, such as paving, that prevent the natural percolation of water, increase the flooding of riparian soil. Arboreal ant species composition responds to percentage of urban area, fragment area and distance from the urban center, while epigaeic ants respond only to fragment area and percentage of urban area. We believe that even with the loss of species diversity and anthropogenic influences on fragments within urban centers, these areas are still important for species conservation. We also suggest the development of environmental protection projects for riparian áreas within urban centers, including investments in ecological corridors connecting fragments and public policies seeking to preserve these areas.
14
Klass, Keren, Sarie Van Belle, Alvaro Campos-Villanueva, Fernando Mercado Malabet, and Alejandro Estrada. "Effects of variation in forest fragment habitat on black howler monkey demography in the unprotected landscape around Palenque National Park, Mexico." PeerJ 8 (August 10, 2020): e9694. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9694.
Full textAbstract:
Habitat loss and fragmentation are leading threats to biodiversity today, and primates are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic habitat disturbance. However, few studies have examined how differential effects of variation in forest fragment characteristics on males and females in a primate population may affect demography and population persistence. We quantified the effects of variation in forest fragment characteristics on the within-fragment demography of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in forest fragments around Palenque National Park, Mexico, and how these effects differed between adult males and females. We quantified forest loss in the landscape between 2000 and 2017, and used a redundancy analysis to examine the effects of 15 variables quantifying fragment dimensions, forest composition and physical structure, and isolation on fragment population size and density, the proportion of adult males and females in the fragment population, and the mean number of adult males and females per group in 34 fragments (N = 393 monkeys). We hypothesized that (i) population size is positively correlated with fragment area, while population density is negatively correlated, and (ii) the composition of fragment populations results from differential effects of fragment variables on adult males and females. Forest cover decreased by 23.3% from 2000 to 2017. Our results showed a significant effect of fragment variables on population demography in fragments, accounting for 0.69 of the variance in the demographic response variables. Population size increased with fragment area and connectivity, while density decreased. Larger, less isolated fragments with better connectivity, characteristics indicative of abundant secondary growth, and those with more diverse vegetation but lower Simpson’s evenness indices tended to have more adult females per group and a higher proportion of adult females in the population. In contrast, fragments that were largely similar in characteristics of forest composition and structure, but that were more isolated from nearby fragments, had more adult males per group and a higher proportion of adult males. These results may stem from black howler females preferentially remaining in natal groups and fragments when possible, and dispersing shorter distances when they disperse, while males may be more likely to disperse between fragments, traveling longer distances through the matrix to more isolated fragments. These differential effects on males and females have important conservation implications: if females are more abundant in larger, less isolated fragments, while males are more abundant in more isolated fragments, then to effectively conserve this population, both landscape connectivity and fragment areas should be maintained and increased.
15
Triristanto, E. R., S. Husein, and M. Y. Y. Alfarobi. "Breccia for Diversion Tunnel Construction at Bener DAM in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia: Fragments, Matrix, RMR." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1233, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1233/1/012004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study aimed to explain the detailed engineering geology investigation which has breccia geological units on Diversion Tunnel at Bener Dam, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province. The investigation includes geological conditions both breccia fragment and matrix, to Rock Mass Rating (RMR) values each unit. The data were taken from face mapping tunnel with interval 10 meters at inlet 1-390 and 841-865 meters. The findings showed that geological engineering units consisted of Monomict Breccia. The geological units can be divided into geological engineering; Monomict Breccia Matrix (RMR 72-92), Polymict Breccia Matrix (RMR 82), Andesite Fragmen (RMR 52-62), and Tuff Fragmen (RMR 79-84). The discovery of Andesite and Tuff Fragments needs to be handled differently than Monomict Breccia or Polymict Breccia. Andesite Fragment unit with discontinuity of sheeting joint requires rock bolt reinforcement to be installed perpendicular to the discontinuity plane. While the dominant unit is the Tuff Fragment which has a UCS value of 5-7 MPa, it is not recommended to use the blasting excavation method even though it has an RMR value of 79-84.
16
Rajagopalan, S., and SV Pizzo. "Characterization of murine peritoneal macrophage receptors for fibrin(ogen) degradation products." Blood 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.5.1224.1224.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The binding of human fibrinogen degradation fragments D1, E, X, and Y, as well as fibrin fragment D1 dimer, to mouse peritoneal macrophages was examined. A Scatchard plot of fragment D1 binding was biphasic, suggesting two classes of receptors. Fragments D1, D1 dimer, X, and Y in low concentrations bound to macrophages with high affinity (Kd = 23 to 73 X 10(-11) mol/L). Fragment E bound specifically but at a much lower level than the other fragments. Fragment D1 was able to compete for the binding of radiolabeled fragments X and Y but not radiolabeled fragment E. These studies indicate that fragments D and E are recognized by separate receptor systems but that all of the fibrinogen degradation products that contain the D domain are recognized by the same receptor system.
17
Rajagopalan, S., and SV Pizzo. "Characterization of murine peritoneal macrophage receptors for fibrin(ogen) degradation products." Blood 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.5.1224.bloodjournal6751224.
Full textAbstract:
The binding of human fibrinogen degradation fragments D1, E, X, and Y, as well as fibrin fragment D1 dimer, to mouse peritoneal macrophages was examined. A Scatchard plot of fragment D1 binding was biphasic, suggesting two classes of receptors. Fragments D1, D1 dimer, X, and Y in low concentrations bound to macrophages with high affinity (Kd = 23 to 73 X 10(-11) mol/L). Fragment E bound specifically but at a much lower level than the other fragments. Fragment D1 was able to compete for the binding of radiolabeled fragments X and Y but not radiolabeled fragment E. These studies indicate that fragments D and E are recognized by separate receptor systems but that all of the fibrinogen degradation products that contain the D domain are recognized by the same receptor system.
18
Calle-Rendón, Bayron R., Renato R. Hilário, and José Julio de Toledo. "Effect of Site Attributes and Matrix Composition on Neotropical Primate Species Richness and Functional Traits: A Comparison Among Regions." Diversity 11, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050083.
Full textAbstract:
Fragmentation threatens biodiversity and forest-dwelling animals can be especially vulnerable. Neotropical primates inhabit forests and play ecological roles in maintaining forest biodiversity. Currently, many primate communities are restricted to forest fragments. We (1) evaluated the influence of environmental, matrix, and site attributes on species richness and functional traits of primates in the Neotropics; and (2) evaluated the effect of the sub-region on the relationships between primates and environmental, matrix, and site attributes. We conducted literature searches to find published data on primate communities in forest fragments throughout the Neotropics. Each fragment was assigned to 1 of 11 sub-regions: Mesoamerica, Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena, Caribbean, Orinoco, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Chaco, Andes, Caatinga, and Pampa. Based on actual and expected species occurrences, we calculated the proportion of primate species retained in the fragments, the mass retained, and dietary items retained considering reproductive and vegetative plant parts and prey. We used linear mixed models to correlate primate variables with environmental, matrix, and site attributes. Fragment area was more important for primate retention than environmental, matrix, and site attributes, with primate retention being higher in larger fragments. Fragment size was positively correlated with all primate variables, except for retention of prey consumption, whose retention decreased as water bodies and density of buildings in the matrix increased. Fragments within protected areas retained larger species than unprotected fragments. The proportion of extant mass retained and vegetative plant parts in the diet were highest in Mesoamerica and lowest in the Atlantic Forest. Conservation planning of Neotropical primates should consider both the differences among sub-regions, forest restoration to increase fragment size, and the creation of new protected areas, even in fragmented landscapes.
19
Yoshioka, Haruhiko, Tsubasa Shimoda, Sota Oikawa, Satoko Morohashi, Yoshie Hasegawa, Kayo Horie, and Jun Watanabe. "Usefulness of Fractal Analysis of Kirsch Edge Images for the Tissue Fragment Inner Structure in Breast FNAB." Acta Cytologica 66, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519490.
Full textAbstract:
<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Recent advances in high-precision mammography and ultrasound screening have led to an increase in the detection of early lesions (ductal carcinoma in situ and small cancers) appearing as microcalcified lesions or microcystic images, and there needs to be an improvement in the accuracy of breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) assessing these lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate whether fractal analysis of Kirsch edge images for the tissue fragment inner structure (FKT) is useful in breast FNAB. FKT measures tissue fragment chromasia of hyperchromatic crowded tissue fragments (HCG), tissue fragment shape unevenness, and tissue fragment inner structure complexity. <b><i>Study Design Materials:</i></b> Nineteen epithelial tissue fragments of fibroadenoma (FA) from 7 patients and 52 tissue fragments of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) (grade 1–2) from 11 patients were assessed. First, tissue fragments were classified into small (smaller than 60 × 102 μm<sup>2</sup>), medium, and large (100 × 102 μm<sup>2</sup> or larger), and the appearance rate of each size was determined. Second, for FKT, the luminance value of tissue fragment chromasia, the unevenness and fractal value, and the tissue fragment inner structure complexity were determined. In statistical analysis, the Steel-Dwass test, nonlinear discriminant analysis, and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed, setting the significance level at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> “Unevenness of the tissue fragment shape,” “fractal value of the tissue fragment shape,” and “fractal value of the tissue fragment inner structure” were significantly higher in small and large tissue fragments in IBC-NST compared with those in FA. The specificity and sensitivity were the highest (100%) in small tissue fragments in multivariate analysis using 4 variables (“luminance value of tissue fragment chromasia,” “unevenness of tissue fragment shape,” “fractal value of the tissue fragment shape,” and “fractal value of the tissue fragment inner structure”). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> FKT, which evaluates “tissue fragment darkness,” “tissue fragment shape unevenness,” and “tissue fragment inner structure complexity” focusing on small tissue fragments of HCG in breast FNAB, is useful as a system that assists cytopathological assessment of breast FNAB.
20
Huschmann, Franziska U., Janina Linnik, Karine Sparta, Monika Ühlein, Xiaojie Wang, Alexander Metz, Johannes Schiebel, et al. "Structures of endothiapepsin–fragment complexes from crystallographic fragment screening using a novel, diverse and affordable 96-compound fragment library." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 72, no. 5 (April 22, 2016): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x16004623.
Full textAbstract:
Crystallographic screening of the binding of small organic compounds (termed fragments) to proteins is increasingly important for medicinal chemistry-oriented drug discovery. To enable such experiments in a widespread manner, an affordable 96-compound library has been assembled for fragment screening in both academia and industry. The library is selected from already existing protein–ligand structures and is characterized by a broad ligand diversity, including buffer ingredients, carbohydrates, nucleotides, amino acids, peptide-like fragments and various drug-like organic compounds. When applied to the model protease endothiapepsin in a crystallographic screening experiment, a hit rate of nearly 10% was obtained. In comparison to other fragment libraries and considering that no pre-screening was performed, this hit rate is remarkably high. This demonstrates the general suitability of the selected compounds for an initial fragment-screening campaign. The library composition, experimental considerations and time requirements for a complete crystallographic fragment-screening campaign are discussed as well as the nine fully refined obtained endothiapepsin–fragment structures. While most of the fragments bind close to the catalytic centre of endothiapepsin in poses that have been observed previously, two fragments address new sites on the protein surface. ITC measurements show that the fragments bind to endothiapepsin with millimolar affinity.
21
Hyun, Sangwon, and Hyoungshick Kim. "Secure and DoS-Resilient Fragment Authentication in CCN-Based Vehicular Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8071267.
Full textAbstract:
Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is considered as a promising alternative to traditional IP-based networking for vehicle-to-everything communication environments. In general, CCN packets must be fragmented and reassembled based on the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size of the content delivery path. It is thus challenging to securely protect fragmented packets against attackers who intentionally inject malicious fragments to disrupt normal services on CCN-based vehicular networks. This paper presents a new secure content fragmentation method that is resistant to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks in CCN-based vehicular networks. Our approach guarantees the authenticity of each fragment through the immediate fragment verification at interim nodes on the routing path. Our experiment results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides much stronger security than the existing approach named FIGOA, without imposing a significant overhead in the process. The proposed method achieves a high immediate verification probability of 98.2% on average, which is 52% higher than that of FIGOA, while requiring only 14% more fragments than FIGOA.
22
Widiastuti, Widiastuti, Awalludin Ponco Aji Handoyo, and I. Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma. "Laju Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Karang Transplan Acropora hyacinthus pada Ukuran Fragmen yang Berbeda." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i02.p04.
Full textAbstract:
Coral transplantation is an alternative way to maintain coral reef ecosystems sustainability. A. hyacinthus is one of the main reef builder and export commodities for decorative aquarium. Determining the initial size of coral fragments may create efficiency and effectiveness of transplantation. This study aims to examine the effects of different initial fragment lengths on growth, growth rate and survival rate of Acropora hyacinthus. Six colonies were fragmented to three initial lengths (30, 50 and 70 mm), where it was measured for 12 weeks. Growth rates were obtained every two weeks while survival rates were calculated amount of living fragments at the end of the observation substracted by the amount of living fragments at the beginning of the observation. The effects of different initial lengths were analysed using Tukey HSD two-way ANOVA and when parametric statistics asumptions did not meet, it was analysed using a non parametric statistic test. Thus the significant results were followed by Tukey HSD. The results showed that different initial fragment lengths had significant effect on the growth of length (p = 0.000), however there was no significant difference in diameter growth (p = 0.662). The lowest length growth rate was found at initial length 30 mm and the highest was at 70 mm long. In contrast, the lowest diameter growth rate was found 70 mm and the highest was at 30 mm long. The survival rates of different initial fragment lengths of fragmented reached 100% at all lengths.
23
Luo, Naisong, Rui Sun, Yuwen Pan, Tianzhu Zhang, and Feng Wu. "Electron Microscopy Images as Set of Fragments for Mitochondrial Segmentation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 4 (March 24, 2024): 3981–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i4.28191.
Full textAbstract:
Automatic mitochondrial segmentation enjoys great popularity with the development of deep learning. However, the coarse prediction raised by the presence of regular 3D grids in previous methods regardless of 3D CNN or the vision transformers suggest a possibly sub-optimal feature arrangement. To mitigate this limitation, we attempt to interpret the 3D EM image stacks as a set of interrelated 3D fragments for a better solution. However, it is non-trivial to model the 3D fragments without introducing excessive computational overhead. In this paper, we design a coherent fragment vision transformer (FragViT) combined with affinity learning to manipulate features on 3D fragments yet explore mutual relationships to model fragment-wise context, enjoying locality prior without sacrificing global reception. The proposed FragViT includes a fragment encoder and a hierarchical fragment aggregation module. The fragment encoder is equipped with affinity heads to transform the tokens into fragments with homogeneous semantics, and the multi-layer self-attention is used to explicitly learn inter-fragment relations with long-range dependencies. The hierarchical fragment aggregation module is responsible for hierarchically aggregating fragment-wise prediction back to the final voxel-wise prediction in a progressive manner. Extensive experimental results on the challenging MitoEM, Lucchi, and AC3/AC4 benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
24
WU, Z., I. NAGANO, E. POZIO, and Y. TAKAHASHI. "Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) for the identification of Trichinella isolates." Parasitology 118, no. 2 (February 1999): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003679.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis was developed to identify 5 species (Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella nelsoni and Trichinella pseudospiralis) and 3 phenotypes of uncertain taxonomic status (Trichinella T5, T6, and T8). Eleven restriction endonucleases were used to restrict 3 DNA fragments (1) a 2800 bp fragment of the 43 kDa excretory–secretory (E–S) protein gene, (2) a 1250 bp fragment amplified with the primer pair SB147A and (3) a 372 bp fragment amplified with the primer pair SB372A. This RFLP method allows the identification of the 8 Trichinella phenotypes as follows: T. spiralis by the HinfI or DdeI endonuclease restriction of the 2800 bp fragment; T. nativa by the RsaI restriction of the 2800 bp fragment, or by the AluI restriction of the 1250 bp fragment; T. britovi and Trichinella T8 by the AluI restriction of the 1250 bp fragments, and can be discriminated between them by the SspI restriction of the 2800 bp fragment; T. pseudospiralis by the MspI restriction of the 372 bp fragment; T. nelsoni by the HhaI or AluI restriction of the 2800 bp fragment; Trichinella T5 by the HhaI restriction of the 2800 bp fragment; Trichinella T6 by the AluI restriction of the 1250 bp fragment; and Trichinella T8 by the SspI or RsaI restriction of the 2800 bp fragment. This study reveals also an intraspecifies polymorphism in the 2800 bp and 1250 bp fragments for T. britovi, Trichinella T5 and T6.
25
Ge, M., T. J. Ryan, H. Lum, and A. B. Malik. "Fibrinogen degradation product fragment D increases endothelial monolayer permeability." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 261, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): L283—L289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1991.261.4.l283.
Full textAbstract:
We assessed the effects of the two primary high-molecular-weight fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), fragments D and E, on the pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier function. Fragments D and E were purified to homogeneity by QAE Sephadex chromatography followed by gel filtration. Incubation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers with 0.5–2.0 microM fragment D for 2 h caused a doubling of transendothelial 125I-albumin clearance rate (a measure of 125I-albumin permeability). Fragment E only produced a 0.6-fold increase in 125I-albumin clearance rate at concentration of 4.0 microM. Both FDP remained active in incubating media with serum. The permeability-increasing effect of fragment D was reversible and was not due to cell detachment or lysis. The fragment-D effect was time dependent and was associated with redistribution of endothelial F-actin microfilaments. The effect was independent of the carboxy-terminal sequence on gamma-chain of fragment D. Fragments D and E binding to pulmonary artery endothelial cells was specific and reversible, but fragment D binding was three-fold greater than fragment E, which may account for the greater permeability increase mediated by fragment D. The results indicate that FDP, especially fragment D, increase endothelial permeability to albumin. The response involves specific binding of fragment D to endothelial cells and redistribution of intracellular actin.
26
Maldonado-Coelho, Marcos, and Miguel Â. Marini. "Effects of Forest Fragment Size and Successional Stage on Mixed-Species Bird Flocks in Southeastern Brazil." Condor 102, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.3.585.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We analyzed patterns of species richness, size, structure, and composition of mixed-species flocks in relation to forest fragment size and forest successional stage during dry and rainy seasons, at the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Three forest fragments (1.7, 50, and 200 ha) were used for fragment size analysis, and two fragments (200 and 300 ha) were used for successional stage analysis. Fragment size and season affected flock richness, size, stability, and composition. In the 1.7-ha fragment, flock species richness, size, and stability were significantly different only during the rainy season. Fragment successional stage also influenced flock richness and size, although season did not. Flock composition also had changes related to fragment successional stage. Fragment geometry seems to be an important factor influencing flock structure and composition.
27
Zhang, Xiaoqian, and Hanshan Li. "A Target Damage Assessment Mathematical Model and Calculation Method Based on the Intersection of Warhead Fragment and Target Mechanism." Mathematics 10, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10173101.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a target damage calculation method based on the profit-loss value of a warhead fragment group. The group is discretized into a fan-shaped column warhead fragment dispersion arrangement model, and the angle of its intersection with the target is combined to establish the dynamic dispersion density model of the warhead fragment group. In addition, the function to calculate the number of warhead fragments hitting the target’s surface is devised. The capability matrix of the warhead fragment group is constructed according to the quality, quantity, and storage velocity of the warhead fragments, and then, the profit-loss value of the warhead fragment group is established. Combining the intersection probability of the target and the warhead fragment of the dispersion area, the model to calculate the probability of damage caused to the target by the warhead fragment group formation is deduced. The calculation and experimental analysis verifies that the dispersion angle of warhead fragments, the intersection angle of projectile and target, and the intersection distance of projectile and target significantly influence the impact of target damage.
28
Berenger, Francois, David Simoncini, Arnout Voet, Rojan Shrestha, and Kam Y. J. Zhang. "Fragger: a protein fragment picker for structural queries." F1000Research 6 (September 22, 2017): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12486.1.
Full textAbstract:
Protein modeling and design activities often require querying the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with a structural fragment, possibly containing gaps. For some applications, it is preferable to work on a specific subset of the PDB or with unpublished structures. These requirements, along with specific user needs, motivated the creation of a new software to manage and query 3D protein fragments. Fragger is a protein fragment picker that allows protein fragment databases to be created and queried. All fragment lengths are supported and any set of PDB files can be used to create a database. Fragger can efficiently search a fragment database with a query fragment and a distance threshold. Matching fragments are ranked by distance to the query. The query fragment can have structural gaps and the allowed amino acid sequences matching a query can be constrained via a regular expression of one-letter amino acid codes. Fragger also incorporates a tool to compute the backbone RMSD of one versus many fragments in high throughput. Fragger should be useful for protein design, loop grafting and related structural bioinformatics tasks.
29
Berenger, Francois, David Simoncini, Arnout Voet, Rojan Shrestha, and Kam Y. J. Zhang. "Fragger: a protein fragment picker for structural queries." F1000Research 6 (April 10, 2018): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12486.2.
Full textAbstract:
Protein modeling and design activities often require querying the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with a structural fragment, possibly containing gaps. For some applications, it is preferable to work on a specific subset of the PDB or with unpublished structures. These requirements, along with specific user needs, motivated the creation of a new software to manage and query 3D protein fragments. Fragger is a protein fragment picker that allows protein fragment databases to be created and queried. All fragment lengths are supported and any set of PDB files can be used to create a database. Fragger can efficiently search a fragment database with a query fragment and a distance threshold. Matching fragments are ranked by distance to the query. The query fragment can have structural gaps and the allowed amino acid sequences matching a query can be constrained via a regular expression of one-letter amino acid codes. Fragger also incorporates a tool to compute the backbone RMSD of one versus many fragments in high throughput. Fragger should be useful for protein design, loop grafting and related structural bioinformatics tasks.
30
Shang, Fei, and Liangquan Wang. "Typical Fragment Kinetic Energy Assessment Based on Acoustic Emission Technology." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 5914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155914.
Full textAbstract:
Fragment kinetic energy is an important parameter to characterize the damage power of fragments. In this study, an acoustic emission technology-based method to evaluate fragment kinetic energy is proposed. The dynamic response of the fragment impacting an aluminum alloy target plate and the relationship between the initial kinetic energy of the fragment impact and the acoustic emission waveform were theoretically evaluated; the numerical simulation of typical spherical fragments (8 mm diameter) penetrating the aluminum alloy target plate was performed, the wavelet energy of the acoustic emission signal was obtained using wavelet packet theory, and a mathematical model of wavelet energy and fragment kinetic energy was constructed. A fragment kinetic energy test system was established, and a fragment penetration test was performed. The analysis showed that the wavelet energy mathematical models and the fragment kinetic energy exhibited favorable consistency, and the measurement errors of the three experiments were 3%, 3.7%, and 3%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the typical acoustic emission fragment kinetic energy test methods proposed in this study and establishes a new method for the direct measurement of fragment kinetic energy.
31
Hui, Man-To, and David Jewitt. "Fragment Dynamics in Active Asteroid 331P/Gibbs." Astronomical Journal 164, no. 6 (November 3, 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac978d.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We present a dynamical analysis of the fragmented active asteroid 331P/Gibbs. Using archival images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope from 2015 to 2018, we measured the astrometry of the primary and the three brightest (presumably the largest) components. Conventional orbit determination revealed a high degree of orbital similarity between the components. We then applied a fragmentation model to fit the astrometry, obtaining key parameters including the fragmentation epochs and separation velocities. Our best-fit models show that Fragment B separated from the primary body at a speed of ∼1 cm s−1 between 2011 April and May, whereas two plausible scenarios were identified for Fragments A and C. The former split either from the primary or from Fragment B, in 2011 mid June at a speed of ∼8 cm s−1, and the latter split from Fragment B either in late 2011 or between late 2013 and early 2014, at a speed of ∼0.7–0.8 cm s−1. The results are consistent with rotational disruption as the mechanism causing the cascading fragmentation of the asteroid, as suggested by the rapid rotation of the primary. The fragments constitute the youngest known asteroid cluster, providing us with a great opportunity to study asteroid fragmentation and formation of asteroid clusters.
32
Kuhar, Kristijan, and Marko Medved. "Novootkriveni glagoljski fragmenti iz 14.-15. st. u arhivu riječkih benediktinki." Fluminensia 33, no. 2 (2021): 461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.33.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
Rad ukazuje na pronađene fragmente iz samostana benediktinki Sv. Roka u Rijeci čije se arhivsko gradivo danas nalazi u samostanu Sv. Danijela u Abano Terme u Italiji, gdje su riječke redovnice izbjegle nakon Drugog svjetskog rata. Od tri pronađena, članak opisuje jedan glagoljski fragment na uglatoj glagoljici kojemu pristupa kroz paleografsku, kodikološku, teološko i liturgijsko-povijesnu analizu. Donosi se transliteracija teksta i zaključuje se da je fragment pripadao brevijaru iz razdoblja kraja 14. ili 15. stoljeća te da je vezan uz liturgijsko svetkovanje sv. Martina biskupa i ispovjednika. Pronalazak fragmenta smješta se u dosadašnje spoznaje o liturgijsko-jezičnoj povijesti Rijeke i iznose se hipoteze o načinu na koji je dospio u samostan riječkih benediktinki, zajednicu koju se smatra latinaškom.
33
Wu, Di, Xiao-Yuan Jing, Haowen Chen, Xiaohui Kong, and Jifeng Xuan. "Recommending Relevant Tutorial Fragments for API-Related Natural Language Questions." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 31, no. 09 (September 2021): 1251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194021500406.
Full textAbstract:
Application Programming Interface (API) tutorial is an important API learning resource. To help developers learn APIs, an API tutorial is often split into a number of consecutive units that describe the same topic (i.e. tutorial fragment). We regard a tutorial fragment explaining an API as a relevant fragment of the API. Automatically recommending relevant tutorial fragments can help developers learn how to use an API. However, existing approaches often employ supervised or unsupervised manner to recommend relevant fragments, which suffers from much manual annotation effort or inaccurate recommended results. Furthermore, these approaches only support developers to input exact API names. In practice, developers often do not know which APIs to use so that they are more likely to use natural language to describe API-related questions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called Tutorial Fragment Recommendation (TuFraRec), to effectively recommend relevant tutorial fragments for API-related natural language questions, without much manual annotation effort. For an API tutorial, we split it into fragments and extract APIs from each fragment to build API-fragment pairs. Given a question, TuFraRec first generates several clarification APIs that are related to the question. We use clarification APIs and API-fragment pairs to construct candidate API-fragment pairs. Then, we design a semi-supervised metric learning (SML)-based model to find relevant API-fragment pairs from the candidate list, which can work well with a few labeled API-fragment pairs and a large number of unlabeled API-fragment pairs. In this way, the manual effort for labeling the relevance of API-fragment pairs can be reduced. Finally, we sort and recommend relevant API-fragment pairs based on the recommended strategy. We evaluate TuFraRec on 200 API-related natural language questions and two public tutorial datasets (Java and Android). The results demonstrate that on average TuFraRec improves NDCG@5 by 0.06 and 0.09, and improves Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) by 0.07 and 0.09 on two tutorial datasets as compared with the state-of-the-art approach.
34
Walter, Scott T., Luke Browne, Juan Freile, Nelson González, Julio Loor, Michael Darkes, Thomas W. Gillespie, and Jordan Karubian. "Nocturnal bird diversity in forest fragments in north-west Ecuador." Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, no. 6 (November 2017): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467417000372.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:Habitat preferences and response to habitat conversion remain under-studied for many groups in the tropics, limiting our understanding of how environmental and anthropogenic factors may interact to shape patterns of diversity. To help fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed nocturnal birds such as owls, nightjars and potoos through auditory transect surveys in 22 forest fragments (2.7 to 33.6 ha) in north-west Ecuador. We assessed the relative effect of habitat characteristics (e.g. canopy height and openness, and density of large trees) and fragment attributes (e.g. area, altitude and proportion of surrounding forest cover) on species richness and community composition. Based on our previous work, we predicted that nocturnal bird richness would be highest in relatively larger fragments with more surrounding forest cover. We recorded 11 total species with an average ± SD of 3.4 ± 1.4 (range = 2–7) species per fragment, with higher richness in fragments that were larger, at lower altitudes, and characterized by more open canopies. Nocturnal bird community similarity was not significantly correlated with any measured environmental variable. These results indicate that both landscape (e.g. altitude) and fragment-specific (e.g. size, forest structure) attributes are likely to interact to shape patterns of diversity among this poorly known but ecologically important guild in fragmented tropical landscapes.
35
Zhu, X. J., S. S. Kang, K. Hargrove, D. Shochat, M. Jarrells, M. Mojesky, and S. K. Chan. "The identification of epitopic sites in human α1-proteinase inhibitor." Biochemical Journal 246, no. 1 (August 15, 1987): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2460025.
Full textAbstract:
Human α 1-proteinase inhibitor (α 1-PI) yielded nine fragments on cleavage with CNBr. The amino acid sequences of these fragments were determined. Three of these CNBr-cleavage fragments, namely fragment I (residues 64-220), fragment II (residues 243-351) and fragment III (residues 1-63), were found to bind rabbit polyclonal antibodies against chemically oxidized α 1-PI and mouse polyclonal antibodies against native α 1-PI by the Bio-Dot method (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on nitrocellulose). These fragments, I, II and III, inhibited by 60%, 25% and 5% respectively the binding between α 1-PI and the rabbit antibodies. Fragments I, II and III were subjected to proteolytic digestion, and 15, ten and five peptides were obtained from these fragments respectively. Only four of these peptides showed binding to the mouse antibodies against native α 1-PI. These were residues 40-63, 79-86, 176-206 and 299-323. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was prepared by conventional hybridoma technology, with chemically oxidized α 1-PI as the antigen. The ability of the monoclonal antibodies to bind native α 1-PI and CNBr-cleavage fragments I-III was determined. The monoclonal antibodies fell into three categories. Most (over 90%) belonged to group I, which was capable of binding α 1-PI and only fragment I. Antibodies in groups II and III bound α 1-PI and either fragment II or fragment III respectively. The ability of the peptides derived from proteolytic digestion of fragments I, II and III to bind three monoclonal antibodies representing each of the three groups was determined. Among all the peptides tested, only one (residues 176-206) derived from fragment I showed binding to the antibodies from group I, one (residues 299-323) derived from fragment II showed binding to the antibodies from group II, and one (residues 40-63) from fragment III showed binding to the antibodies from group III. Each of these three peptides also inhibited the binding between α 1-PI and the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. From these data we concluded that at least four epitopic regions (residues 40-63, 79-86, 176-206 and 299-323) were present in α 1-PI. Specific monoclonal antibodies to three of these sites were obtained.
36
Ogata, K., Y. Ogata, Y. Takasaki, and E. M. Tan. "Epitopes on proliferating cell nuclear antigen recognized by human lupus autoantibody and murine monoclonal antibody." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 9 (November 1, 1987): 2942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.9.2942.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The immune epitopes of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), also called cyclin, were analyzed by determining the reactivity between PCNA peptide fragments and anti-PCNA antibodies from lupus patients, murine monoclonal antibody (19A2), and rabbit anti-NH2-terminal peptide antibody. Limited digestion of PCNA/cyclin with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease resulted in several peptide fragments. Five fragments of 30, 20, 15, 14, and 13 kDa were reactive with rabbit anti-NH2-terminal peptide antibody denoting that they contained the NH2-terminal peptide. The 30- and 20-kDa fragments reacted with 19A2 but the others did not. Lupus sera reacted with 17- and 15-kDa peptide fragments allowing their classification into three groups. Two of eight sera (type A) reacted only with the 17-kDa fragment. Two others (type B) reacted with both the 17- and 15-kDa fragments and the remaining four sera (type C) reacted only with the 15-kDa fragment. The sera reacting with the 15-kDa fragment also reacted with the 20-kDa fragment, but the sera reactive only with the 17-kDa fragment did not, indicating that the 17-kDa fragment was not a degradation product of 20-kDa fragments. The 19A2 epitope resided in the region between 15 and 20 kDa from the NH2 terminus, whereas there was at least one distinct epitope on each 15- and 17-kDa peptide, which were recognized by lupus autoantibodies.
37
Brown, Benedict, Lara Laken, Philip Dutré, Luc Van Gool, Szymon Rusinkiewicz, and Tim Weyrich. "Tools for Virtual Reassembly of Fresco Fragments." International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 1, no. 2 (June 2012): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.2.313.
Full textAbstract:
The process of reassembling fragmented wall paintings is currently prohibitively time consuming, limiting the amount of material that can be examined and reconstructed. Computer-assisted technologies hold the promise of helping humans in this task, making it possible to digitize detailed shape, color, and surface relief information for each fragment. The data can be used for documentation, visualization (both on- and off-site), virtual restoration, and to automatically propose matches between fragments. Our focus in this paper is on improving the workflow, tools, and visualizations, as they are used by archaeologists and conservators to scan fragments and find matches. In particular, we evaluate the system's performance and user experience in ongoing acquisition and matching work on material from a Roman excavation in Tongeren, Belgium. Compared to prior systems, we can acquire fragments approximately 10 times faster, and support a wider range of fragment sizes (from 1 cm to 20 cm in diameter).
38
Zhao, J., L. Yin, J. Yang, X. Hua, Z. Liu, and X. Wang. "RESEARCH PROGRESS IN THE SPLICING AND RESTORATION OF ARTIFACT FRAGMENTS BASED ON POINT CLOUD." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-1/W1-2023 (December 5, 2023): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-255-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Due to environmental reasons, most of the artifacts are fragmented, and the surface information of the artifacts is also blurred. The traditional method of repairing artifacts mainly relies on archaeologists to manually repair them, using fragment features to compare each fragment one by one, this method will cause secondary damage to the fragments. Based on computer technology, virtual restoration of artifacts fragments can obtain the latest unearthed data of artifacts quickly, preserve digital information of artifacts, achieve permanent preservation, and provide prior knowledge for subsequent artifacts restoration. Point cloud data is widely used in artifacts virtual restoration technology due to its good depth of information. This paper takes ceramics, bronzes, Terra-cotta Warriors, and other individual artifacts fragments as the main research object, and the point cloud data obtained by 3D laser scanner as the main research data. It comprehensively classifies and summarizes the work of computer artifacts splicing in recent years.
39
Roper, James J., André M. X. Lima, and Angélica M. K. Uejima. "Experimental food supplementation increases reproductive effort in the Variable Antshrike in subtropical Brazil." PeerJ 6 (November 6, 2018): e5898. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5898.
Full textAbstract:
Food limitation may interact with nest predation and influence nesting patterns, such as breeding season length and renesting intervals. If so, reproductive effort should change with food availability. Thus, when food is limited, birds should have fewer attempts and shorter seasons than when food is not limiting. Here we experimentally test that increased food availability results in increased reproductive effort in a fragmented landscape in the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens) in southern Brazil. We followed nesting pairs in a naturally fragmented habitat and experimentally supplemented food for half of those pairs. Birds were seen, but evidence of nesting was never found in two small fragments, even though these fragments were larger than individual territories. Pairs with supplemented food were more likely to increase clutch size from two to three eggs and tended to renest sooner (20 d on average) than control pairs. Also, fragment size was associated with breeding patterns, although fragment replicates were unavailable. Nest duration, nest success and breeding season length were all greater, while renesting intervals were shorter, in the largest fragments. Simulations showed that only the largest fragments were able to have a net production of young. Food availability clearly influenced reproductive effort and as a consequence, because of the interaction with predation risk, forest fragments of varying sizes will have complex reproductive dynamics.
40
Carcedo de Andrés, Bruno Pedro. "Dos fragmentos de estelas romanas procedentes de Lara de los Infantes (Burgos) = Two Fragments of Roman Steles from Lara de los Infantes (Burgos)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie II, Historia Antigua, no. 33 (November 1, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfii.33.2020.27379.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabajo analiza dos fragmentos de inscripciones romanas procedentes de la zona de Lara de los Infantes (Burgos). El primero de ellos es un fragmento anepigráfico con representación de una figura humana femenina. El segundo corresponde a un fragmento de estela romana en el que se intuye una denominación mediante doble idiónimo. En definitiva, se trata de dos nuevos testimonios epigráficos a añadir al profuso corpus de una zona rica en hallazgos epigráficos pero pobre en intervenciones arqueológicas que los contextualicen.This work analyzes two fragments of roman inscriptions from the area of Lara de los Infantes (Burgos). The first one is an anepigraphic fragment with a representation of a female human figure. The second fragment come from a roman stele in which a denomination by double idionym could be deduced. Ultimately, these are two new epigraphic testimonies to be added to the extense corpus of a very rich area in epigraphic findings but poor in archaeological works which contextualize them.
41
Alimov, A. P., S. Y. Yusupov, Sh K. Khakimov, A. Sh Muminov, and Sh Sh Akhmedov. "MODERN OSTEOSYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES IN SHOULDER BONE PROXIMAL FRACTURES." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-5-10.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the issues of choosing a treatment method for proximal humerus fractures and how the proposed minimally invasive method of osteosynthesis for fractures of the proximal humerus allows less traumatic repositioning of bone fragments andmore stable fixation of bone fragments. A less invasive osteosynthesis method for fractures of the proximal humerus allows less traumatic repositioning of bone fragments and more stable fixation of bone fragments. Improve treatment results by developing aminimally invasive method of extramedullary treatment for fractures of the proximal humerus.. This research work was carried out in clinical bases of RITOIAM and RSHTYoIM Bukhara branch in patients with multiple fragment fractures of the proximal part of the shoulder bone with 40, 15 of which were found to be moved in the varus state of the bone fragments. Patients were divided according to gender and 15 were male and 25 were female. The duration of the trip was an average of 5,8±1,8 days (3 –7 days). In order to assess the status of bone fragments in multi –fragment fractures in patients, the classification of Neer (1970) was used: single –fragment, 10 (25%) –two-fragment, 12 (30%) -three-fragment and the remaining 12 (30%) -multiple-fragment fractures in 6 (15 %) patients. In shoulder bone proximal fractures, osteosynthesis was performed with a less invasive blocking plate through an external distraction apparatus developed in the clinic and a small-sized wound incision.
42
Wang, Zhenning, Junhui Yang, Jianping Yin, Xudong Li, Rui Shi, and Jianya Yi. "Study on Joint Damage of Double Prefabricated Fragments Penetrating Finite Thickness Concrete." Shock and Vibration 2023 (April 3, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1528983.
Full textAbstract:
In order to study the joint damage mechanism of multiple prefabricated fragments to finite thickness concrete targets, experiments on the damaging effect of a single fragment on a 300 × 300 × 100 mm concrete target were carried out, and the reliability of the simulation calculation model of single fragment damage to concrete was verified. On this basis, according to the trajectory of two fragments penetrating concrete, the double fragment penetration is divided into two penetration situations, that is, coplanar and heterogeneous. The orthogonal optimization method is used to carry out the joint damage simulation calculation of the double fragments to the concrete target by changing the fragment velocity, penetration angle, fragment spacing, and other factors. The simulation results show that the relationship between joint damage and fragment spacing is the largest when the fragment trajectories are coplanar, and the partial least squares regression coefficients affecting the joint damage time and surface joint length are 0.70 and 0.68 respectively. When the trajectory is different, the joint damage mode is relatively complex. Based on this, the joint damage degree analysis method between fragments is established, and each variable can explain 73.8% of the joint damage degree. It is found that the joint damage of the front pit area is the largest when the fragment is in different planes, and the PLS regression coefficient is −0.44. The hypothesis that joint damage is easy to occur in the area of the intersection line on the back of the target is analyzed and verified.
43
Sukma, Adjit Royan Mustafa Ganda, Haryo Untoro, Muhammad Siswoyo, and Nanda Nursa Alya. "Fragmen Labuhan Merapi: Pengimplementasian Folklor Ki Sapu Jagad dalam Seni Pertunjukan, Beserta Sejarah Perkembangan dan Pelestariannya (Sebuah Kajian Budaya)." Arnawa 1, no. 1 (June 5, 2023): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/arnawa.v1i1.11242.
Full textAbstract:
Pluralism is a cultural phenomenon that can be easily found in Indonesia. Cultural manifestations include ideas, traditions, and art that adorn the vast territory of Indonesia. Culture, in the form of tradition, is divided into oral tradition and written tradition. One of the manifestations of oral tradition is reflected in the Ki Sapu Jagad folklore, which is the background for the birth of the Labuhan Merapi tradition. Over time, this folklore was adapted by the people of Umbulharjo village in the form of performing arts as Labuhan Merapi Fragment. The Labuhan Merapi Fragment acts as a media novelty about the story of Ki Sapu Jagad. In addition, this fragment becomes an interesting thing for local people and tourists. This research aims to find out the existence, history, development, and inheritance of the Labuhan Merapi Fragment in all segments of society. Pertinent data were obtained through formal interviews and literature studies. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative. The data that has been collected is then processed with note-taking techniques. The implementation of the Labuhan Merapi Fragment is still routinely carried out from its inception to the present. This shows that the Labuhan Merapi Fragment is still sustainable and continues to be passed down continuously through the regeneration of performing arts presenters. With the existence of problems in efforts to maintain the existence of oral tradition, fragments of Labuhan Merapi still exist and have become the cultural identity of the people of Umbulharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency.
===
Pluralisme merupakan fenomena kebudayaan yang dapat dijumpai dengan mudah di Indonesia. Wujud kebudayaan antara lain berupa gagasan, tradisi dan seni yang menghiasi luasnya wilayah Indonesia. Kebudayaan berupa tradisi terbagi atas tradisi lisan dan tradisi tulis. Perwujudan tradisi lisan salah satunya tercermin pada folklor Ki Sapu Jagad yang melatarbelakangi lahirnya tradisi Labuhan Merapi. Seiring berjalannya waktu, folklor ini diadaptasi oleh masyarakat Desa Umbulharjo dalam bentuk seni pertunjukan sebagai Fragmen Labuhan Merapi. Fragmen Labuhan Merapi berperan sebagai kebaruan media mengenai kisah Ki Sapu Jagad. Selain itu, fragmen ini menjadi sebuah hal yang menarik bagi masyarakat lokal dan para wisatawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesejarahan, perkembangan, peran serta pewarisan Fragmen Labuhan Merapi kepada seluruh segmentasi masyarakat. Data-data yang bersangkutan diperoleh melalui wawancara formal dan studi pustaka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data-data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian diolah dengan teknik catat. Pelaksanaan Fragmen Labuhan Merapi masih secara rutin dilakukan dari awal terbentuknya hingga masa sekarang ini. Hal itu menunjukan bahwa Fragmen Labuhan Merapi masih lestari dan terus diwariskan secara kontinuitas melalui regenerasi penyaji seni pertunjukan. Dengan adanya problematika dalam usaha pemertahanan eksistensi tradisi lisan, Fragmen Labuhan Merapi tetap eksis dan menjadi identitas kebudayaan masyarakat Desa Umbulharjo, Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman.
44
VAIDOGAS, Egidijus. "Explosions of Cylindrical Pressure Vessels Subjected to Fire: Probabilistic Prediction of a Number of Fragments." Mechanics 27, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.29014.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to propose a procedure for a prediction of the number of fragments generated by fire induced explosions of cylindrical pressure vessels. The prediction is carried out in terms of probabilities of individual fragment numbers. The prevailing numbers of two to four fragments are considered. The fragment number probabilities are estimated by applying data on vessel fragmentations acquired in investigations of past explosion accidents. The pressure vessel explosions known as BLEVEs are considered. The Bayesian analysis is used for the estimation of the fragment number probabilities. This analysis is carried out on the basis of Poisson-gamma model. An approach to developing a gamma prior distribution for the average number of fragments per explosion accident is proposed. The assessment of the fragment number probabilities is carried out by propagating uncertainty related to the average number of fragments to uncertainty in the fragment number probabilities. The stochastic (Monte Carlo) simulation is used for this propagation. Findings of this study are viewed as a possibility to improve the assessment of risk posed by pressure vessel explosions.
45
MacIntosh, T., B. J. M. Stutchbury, and M. L. Evans. "Gap-crossing by Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina)in a fragmented landscape." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 11 (November 2011): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-090.
Full textAbstract:
We used radio-telemetry to study the movement patterns of Wood Thrushes ( Hylocichla mustelina (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)) occupying small forest fragments (<5 ha) to examine gap-crossing between fragments and edge use within fragments. We found that 82% (8/11) of males and 33% (2/6) of females made at least one foray off of its resident forest fragment and we documented a total of 26 off-fragment forays (n = 79 h tracking). Males spent, on average, 23.5% of their time off their fragment, while females were gone 12.8% of the time tracked. Most forays were >150 m in distance and foray rate to adjacent fragments declined with increasing gap width. Males on fragments spent more time off their territory (23.5%) and traveled farther (392 m) than males occupying territories within a continuous forest (4.8% and 99 m, respectively). In fragments, 10 out of 17 individuals spent >80% of their time within 20 m of the fragment edge and edge use was significantly more than expected based on the amount of edge available in each fragment. This study adds to the growing evidence for migratory songbirds that during the breeding season, forest fragmentation may increase rather than impede daily movements.
46
Rathee, Manisha, and T. V. Vijay Kumar. "DNA Fragment Assembly Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 84–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2014070105.
Full textAbstract:
DNA Fragment Assembly Problem (FAP) is concerned with the reconstruction of the target DNA, using the several hundreds (or thousands) of sequenced fragments, by identifying the right order and orientation of each fragment in the layout. Several algorithms have been proposed for solving FAP. Most of these have solely dwelt on the single objective of maximizing the sum of the overlaps between adjacent fragments in order to optimize the fragment layout. This paper aims to formulate this FAP as a bi-objective optimization problem, with the two objectives being the maximization of the overlap between the adjacent fragments and the minimization of the overlap between the distant fragments. Moreover, since there is greater desirability for having lesser number of contigs, FAP becomes a tri-objective optimization problem where the minimization of the number of contigs becomes the additional objective. These problems were solved using the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II. The experimental results show that the NSGA-II-based Bi-Objective Fragment Assembly Algorithm (BOFAA) and the Tri-Objective Fragment Assembly Algorithm (TOFAA) are able to produce better quality layouts than those generated by the GA-based Single Objective Fragment Assembly Algorithm (SOFAA). Further, the layouts produced by TOFAA are also comparatively better than those produced using BOFAA.
47
Quinteiro, Tamara, José Lopes, and Ivan Carlos Fernandes Martins. "Diversidade de Carabidae (Coleoptera) Amostrados em Áreas de Reflorestamento de Mata Ciliar e Fragmento Florestal, no Estado do Paraná." EntomoBrasilis 5, no. 3 (December 12, 2012): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v5i3.255.
Full textAbstract:
Carabidae são Coleoptera com a maioria de suas espécies apresentando hábito alimentar predatório. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a diversidade e abundância da família Carabidae (Coleoptera) em áreas de fragmento florestal e em áreas de reflorestamento de mata ciliar, evidenciando a importância deste grupo como indicador da biodiversidade em relação ao sucesso do reflorestamento. Os besouros foram amostrados por meio de armadilhas de solo pitfall, em fragmentos florestais e reflorestamentos de mata ciliar em três municípios do estado do Paraná. A abundância de Carabidae foi maior nos reflorestamentos de mata ciliar. A espécie Odontochila nodicornis (Dejean) foi, significativamente, a mais abundante e encontrada em todas as áreas estudadas. Houve similaridade da riqueza de carabídeos encontrada no fragmento florestal remanescente com a riqueza constatadas nos reflorestamentos, mesmo naqueles onde as coletas foram realizadas distante 3 Km do fragmento ou nas áreas de reflorestamento que não apresentavam conexão com o fragmento remanescente. Tetracha brasiliensis (Kirby) foi coletado quase que exclusivamente no reflorestamento sem conexão com o fragmento. Utilizando-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, não se constatou atratividade pelas diferentes iscas, no entanto verificou-se diferença significativa entre o número coletado nas armadilhas com iscas, quando comparado com o controle. A maior concentração de carabídeos coletados foi no período de dezembro a fevereiro, estação correspondente ao verão para a região estudada. A similaridade da riqueza de carabídeos encontrada entre os fragmentos de floresta e os reflorestamentos de mata ciliar, pode sugerir sucesso do método de reflorestamento, estando avançando para condições de característica primária.
Diversity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) Samples in Areas of Riparian Reforestation and Forest Fragment, in the State of Paraná
Abstract. Carabidae are Coleoptera whose most species have a predatory eating habit. The purpose of this paper was to study the diversity and abundance of Carabidae (Coleoptera) family in forest fragment areas and in reforestation areas of riparian vegetation, evidencing the importance of this group as a biodiversity indicator regarding the reforestation success. Beetles were sampled using soil pitfall traps in forest fragments and reforestation of riparian vegetation in three municipalities the state of Parana. The abundance of Carabidae was higher in riparian reforestation. The species Odontochila nodicornis (Dejean) was the most significantly abundant and found in all studied areas. There was a similarity in richness of Carabidae found in the remaining forest fragment, being the wealth found in reforestation, even where samples were collected 3km away from the fragment or in reforestation areas that did not have any connection with the remaining fragment. Tetracha brasiliensis (Kirby) was almost exclusively collected in reforestation unrelated to the fragment. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was not noted any attraction of different baits, but there was a significant difference between the collection number in baited traps compared with the control. The highest concentration of Carabidae was collected from December to February, period corresponding to the summer season for the studied region. The similarity on the richness of Carabidae found between forest fragments and reforestation of riparian vegetation may suggest the reforestation method success, being able to advance to the primary characteristic.
48
Hu, Jie, Hua Chen, Yonggang Yu, Xiaochun Xue, Zhiwei Feng, and Xiaojun Chen. "Experimental Study on Motion Law of the Fragment at Hypersonic Speed." Processes 11, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041078.
Full textAbstract:
As a damage element, high-speed fragments have a significant effect on the ammunition safety. The impact from the fragments are also one of the basic problems of ammunition safety tests. To clarify the reaction characteristics of combustion, explosion, detonation, and so on, when hypersonic fragments hit insensitive munitions, it is necessary to carry out corresponding research on the deceleration law of hypersonic fragment in the air. In this paper, a 30 mm caliber gun with large chamber, small caliber, and large aspect ratio is proposed to drive high-speed fragments. According to STANAG 4496 standard, a near-cylinder steel fragment with Brinell hardness HB ≤ 270 and mass of 18.6 g was designed. The test system was composed of zone interception velocity measurement, chamber pressure sensor, trajectory tracking system, high-speed camera, and other equipment were also established to obtain the pressure variations in the chamber, the velocity of the fragment, and its flight orientation. From the video taken by the high-speed camera and trajectory tracking system, the fragment and the projectile sabot achieve effective separation after the fragment travels out of the muzzle. As time goes on, the distance between the fragment and the projectile sabot gradually increases. The fragment is always in the front of the sabot and steadily flies to the target. The muzzle velocity of the fragment is controlled by adjusting the propellant charge, and the flight velocity in the air is measured by the zone interception velocity measuring device in the range of 5 Ma to 7 Ma. The theoretical models of fragment deceleration and the models of flight orientation are also established according to the experimental data. On this basis, F test and least square nonlinear regression fitting were used to analyze experimental data. Finally, the deceleration coefficient of quasi-cylindrical fragments between 5 Ma and 7 Ma stipulated in STANAG 4496 standard is 0.009312, and the average drag coefficient in air is 1.109.
49
Johnson, Michael B. "Wrapping Up 1QM." Dead Sea Discoveries 30, no. 3 (December 13, 2023): 262–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10047.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article evaluates the debated placements of fragments in the reconstruction of the War Scroll from Cave 1 (1QM). There are three fragments (frags. 3, 9, 10) and one large fragment cluster (1QM 2, 8, DSSHU pl. 34; 1Q33 2) that are contested in 1QM scholarship. These placements are important for establishing the text of 1QM and the determination of whether there was another War Scroll from Cave 1 among the fragments assigned to 1QM and 1Q33. I will evaluate the remaining debates about fragment placements in 1QM, focusing especially on Hanan and Esther Eshel’s proposal (2000) that the large fragment cluster is not part of 1QM but is the remnant of a different scroll, which they label 1QMa. To assist in weighing the plausibility of fragment placements in 1QM, this article incorporates 3D visualizations of how 1QM would appear in a rolled state to demonstrate how well some proposed fragment placements cohere with the scroll’s damage patterns.
50
Sojer, Claudia. "Fragmente – Fragmentkunde – Fragmentforschung." Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis 45, no. 3 (November 27, 2021): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bfp-2021-0047.
Full textAbstract:
Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Geschichte des Begriffs Fragment und seiner buch- und archivgeschichtlichen Definition bespricht dieser Aufsatz verschiedene Prozesse, die der Fragmentierung zugrunde liegen und klassifiziert die daraus resultierenden Arten handschriftlicher Fragmente. Weiters zeigt er den aktuellen Stand der Fragmentforschung und die Potenziale von Fragmenten für Forschung und Lehre, ihre international standardisierten digitalen Bild- und Metadatenformate vor allem im internationalen Portal Fragmentarium und benennt die Eigenarten von Fragmenten, die Bearbeitende beim Signieren der Originalobjekte sowie der Benennung digitaler Abbildungen vor besondere Herausforderungen stellen. Ein Überblick über die wichtigsten Plattformen für Fragmente und die neueste Literatur runden den Aufsatz ab.