Relevant bibliographies by topics / FRAGILT CURVE

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Academic literature on the topic 'FRAGILT CURVE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FRAGILT CURVE"

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Grigoriu, M., and A. Radu. "Are seismic fragility curves fragile?" Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics 63 (January 2021): 103115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2020.103115.

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Wu, Yun Dan, Xiao Yao, and Shi Jun Zhou. "Seismic Fragility Analysis for Typical Multi-Span Simply Supported Railway Box Girder Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.137.

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Fragility curves for typical multi-span simply supported concrete box girder bridges in eastern China are presented. A set of bridge samples, of which five uncertain parameters are considered, is established using the Latin hypercube sampling. Nonlinear time history analyses are conducted to capture the structural response quantities. Probabilistic seismic demand models are formulated by quadratic regression analysis for the capacity/demand ratios. Fragility curves of bridge components are developed and the fragility of bridge system is evaluated using the first-order bound method. The results show that the columns and expansion bearings among bridge members are more fragile under earthquake excitation, and the bridge system is more fragile than any bridge component. The typical bridges have more than 50% probability when subjected to PGAs of 0.46, 0.58, 0.82, and 1.0g for four damage states, respectively. The fragility curves can be used for retrofit prioritization for this type of bridges.
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Kim, Beom-Jin, Minkyu Kim, Daegi Hahm, Junhee Park, and Kun-Yeun Han. "Probabilistic Flood Assessment Methodology for Nuclear Power Plants Considering Extreme Rainfall." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092600.

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Abnormal weather conditions due to climate change are currently increasing on both global and local scales. It is therefore important to ensure the safety of the areas where major national facilities are located by analyzing risk quantitatively and re-evaluating the existing major facilities, such as nuclear power plants, considering the load and capacity of extreme flood conditions. In this study, a risk analysis method is developed that combines flood hazard curves with fragility curves using hydraulic and hydrological models by GIS tools and the @RISK model for the probabilistic flood analysis of nuclear power plant sites. A two-dimensional (2D) analysis is first carried out to estimate flood depths in various watershed scenarios, and a representative hazard curve for both external and internal flooding is made by applying a verified probability distribution type for the flood watersheds. For the analysis of flooding within buildings, an internal grid is constructed using GIS with related design drawings, and based on the flood depth results of the 2D analysis, a hazard curve for the representative internal inundation using a verified probability distribution type is presented. In the present study, walkdowns with nuclear experts are conducted around the nuclear power plant area to evaluate the fragile structures and facilities under possible flooding. After reviewing the 2D inundation analysis results based on the selected major equipment and facilities, the zones requiring risk assessment are re-assigned. A fragility curve applying probability distribution for the site’s major equipment and facilities is also presented. Failure risk analysis of the major facilities is then conducted by combining the proposed hazard and fragility curves. Results in the form of quantitative values are obtained, and the indicators for risks as well as the reliability and optimal measures to support decision-making are also presented. Through this study, it is confirmed that risk assessment based on the proposed probabilistic flood analysis technique is possible for flood events occurring at nuclear power plant sites.
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Wijayanti, Erlin, Stefanus Kristiawan, Edy Purwanto, and Senot Sangadji. "Seismic Vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete Building Based on the Development of Fragility Curve: A Case Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.252.

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This study aims to determine the seismic vulnerability of 5th Building of Engineering Faculty, Sebelas Maret University by developing its fragility curves. Fragility curve is a measure of probabilistic seismic performance under various ground motion. The intensity of ground motion adopted in this study is median spectral displacement, , with lognormal standard deviation, βds as uncertainty parameter. The value of lognormal standard deviation is adopted from HAZUS. The parameters of median spectral displacements are identified from the capacity spectrum curve. The capacity curve obtained from non-linear static pushover analysis. Capacity curves can be converted into capacity spectrum to identify the location of the median spectral displacement at various damage states. The obtained fragility curves provide information on the probability of various damage states to occur when certain ground motion level strikes the building under study.
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Fatimah, Samreen, and Jenna Wong. "Sensitivity of the Fragility Curve on Type of Analysis Methods, Applied Ground Motions and Their Selection Techniques." International Journal of Steel Structures 21, no. 4 (June 26, 2021): 1292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00503-z.

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AbstractFragility curves are the primary way of assessing seismic risk for a building with numerous studies focused on deriving these fragility curves and how to account for the inherent uncertainty in the seismic assessment. This study focuses on a three-story steel moment frame structure and performs a fragility assessment of the building using a new approach called SPO2FRAG (Static Pushover to Fragility) that is based on pushover analysis. This new approach is further compared and contrasted against traditional nonlinear dynamic analysis approaches like Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Multiple Stripe Analysis. The sensitivity of the resulting fragility curves is studied against multiple parameters including uncertainties in ground motion, the type of analysis method used and the choice of curve fitting technique. All these factors influence the fragility curve behavior and this study assesses the impact of changing these parameters.
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Wu, Tong, Luyao Wang, Liyang Zhao, Gangping Fan, Jiahui Wang, Lihui Yin, Shuang Zhang, and Shengchun Liu. "Seismic Fragility of a Multi-Frame Box-Girder Bridge Influenced by Seismic Excitation Angles and Column Height Layouts." Buildings 12, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030387.

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Curved multi-frame box-girder bridges with hinges are widely used in the United States due to the large spanning capacity, construction simplification and construction cost economy. This type of bridge frequently has the characteristics of column height asymmetry, adjacent bridge frames vibrating discrepancy. The combination of curved shape and random seismic excitation angles could aggravate the irregularity of the structural seismic response. In this study, an OpenSees model is established for an example bridge, and the hinge is taken as a key component to observe. The impacts of seismic excitation angles and column height layouts on fragility are investigated through the comparison of the fragility curves. The conclusions list the most unfavorable seismic excitation angles corresponding to the fragilities of bridge system, plug-type concrete elements in hinges, hinge restrainers, columns, abutment bearings as well as the secondary components, respectively. The symmetrical column height layout is proved to be beneficial to mitigate the damage risks of restrainers in intermediate hinges and reduce the fragility of the bridge system. This study can provide a reference for the rapid assessment of the fragile position and damage degree of bridges through structural configuration and shape, as well as the seismic excitation angle.
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Kaplan, Stan, Vicki M. Bier, and Dennis C. Bley. "A note on families of fragility curves—is the composite curve equivalent to the mean curve?" Reliability Engineering & System Safety 43, no. 3 (January 1994): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(94)90029-9.

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Choi, Seung Hun, Hee Jung Ham, and Sungsu Lee. "Assessment of Building Vulnerability Curve Subjected to Debris-Flow." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.5.11.

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In this study, the vulnerability curves for masonry and concrete frame buildings are assessed based on building fragility curves for the debris-flow caused by landslides on mountain slopes. The First-Order Second-Moment (FOSM) method is used to estimate the building fragility curve (expressed as probability of damage exceedance) subjected to debris-flow. In this method, the horizontal displacement of a building impacted by debris-flow and the statistics of resistance (i.e., building displacement) following four different damage states (i.e., slight, moderate, extensive, and complete) are utilized to estimate the building fragility curve. The building vulnerability curves (expressed as mean probability of damage) were evaluated based on the estimated building fragility curve and corresponding mean damage ratio for each damage state and were verified by calculating the root mean square error with datasets obtained from post-disaster damage assessment. In this study, the effects of structural material, type, and height on the building vulnerability curves were also studied. All vulnerability curves of buildings estimated in this study were fitted and databased using parameters of the log-normal cumulative distribution function and can be used to measure the performance of buildings in debris-flow prone areas as well as to provide information for risk and loss assessment.
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Waenpracha, Suthiwat, Piyawat Foytong, Anawat Suppasri, Supakorn Tirapat, Nuttawut Thanasisathit, Pongnathee Maneekul, and Teraphan Ornthammarath. "Development of Fragility Curves for Reinforced-Concrete Building with Masonry Infilled Wall under Tsunami." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (March 14, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8021378.

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A tsunami is a natural disaster that destroys structures and kills many lives in many countries in the world. A risk assessment of the building under a tsunami loading is thus essential to evaluate the damage and minimize potential loss. A crucial tool in risk assessment is the fragility curve. Most building fragility curves for tsunami force were developed using survey building damaged data. This research proposed a method for developing fragility curves under tsunami loading based on the analytical building model data. In the development, the generic building was a one-story reinforced-concrete building with masonry-infilled walls constructed from the structural index, popularly built as residential buildings along the west coast of southern Thailand. Three damage levels were investigated: damage in masonry infill walls, damage in primary structures, and collapses. The masonry infill wall was modeled using multisprings to represent the load-bearing behavior due to tsunami with a hydrodynamic pattern. The fragility curves were developed using the maximum likelihood method and considering the uncertainty due to masonry infill wall type, tsunami flow direction, and tsunami flow velocity. The developed fragility curve agrees well with the empirical tsunami fragility curve of a one-story reinforced-concrete building damage data in Thailand from the 2004 Tsunami. The developed fragility functions could be adopted for assessing tsunami risk assessment and disaster mitigation for similar structures against different tsunami scenarios in the future.
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Dang, Thuat-Cong, Thien-Phu Le, and Pascal Ray. "Seismic fragility curves based on the probability density evolution method." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 39, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10208.

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A seismic fragility curve that shows the probability of failure of a structure in function of a seismic intensity, for example peak ground acceleration (PGA), is a powerful tool for the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of the structures in nuclear engineering and civil engineering. The common assumption of existing approaches is that the fragility curve is a cumulative probability log-normal function. In this paper, we propose a new technique for construction of seismic fragility curves by numerical simulation using the Probability Density Evolution Method (PDEM). From the joint probability density function between structural response and random variables of a system and/or excitations, seismic fragility curves can be derived without the log-normal assumption. The validation of the proposed technique is performed on two numerical examples.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FRAGILT CURVE"

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Praticò, Lucia. "Analisi di vulnerabilità sismica di strutture prefabbricate mediante curve di fragilità." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Sviluppo di una metodologia speditiva per la valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica di aree industriali caratterizzate da capannoni prefabbricati in CA monopiano. Individuazione dei parametri di classificazione delle strutture, per determinare le categorie principali di telai. Analisi IDA su modelli di telai per poi ricavare le curve di fragilità per ciascuna categoria. Combinazione delle curve di vulnerabilità a livello di singola struttura, e quindi calcolo del numero di collassi per un'intera area industriale. Applicazione all'area di San Felice sul Panaro.
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Tahir, Haseeb. "Development of Fragility Curve Database for Multi-Hazard Performance Based Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71794.

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There is a need to develop efficient multi-hazard performance based design (PBD) tools to analyze and optimize buildings at a preliminary stage of design. The first step was to develop a database and it is supported by five major contributions: 1) development of nomenclature of variables in PBD; 2) creation of mathematical model to fit data; 3) collection of data; 4) identification of gaps and methods for filling data in PBD; 5) screening of soil, foundation, structure, and envelope (SFSE) combinations.. A unified nomenclature was developed with the collaboration of a multi-disciplinary team to navigate through the PBD. A mathematical model for incremental dynamic analysis was developed to fit the existing data in the database in a manageable way. Three sets of data were collected to initialize the database: 1) responses of structures subjected to hazard; 2) fragility curves; 3) consequence functions. Fragility curves were critically analyzed to determine the source and the process of development of the curves, but structural analysis results and consequence functions were not critically analyzed due to lack of similarities between the data and background information respectively. Gaps in the data and the methods to fill them were identified to lay out the path for the completion of the database. A list of SFSE systems applicable to typical midrise office buildings was developed. Since the database did not have enough data to conduct PBD calculations, engineering judgement was used to screen SFSE combinations to identify the potential combinations for detailed analysis. Through these five contributions this thesis lays the foundation for the development of a database for multi- hazard PBD and identifies potential future work in this area.
Master of Science
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Patrignani, Elia. "Analisi sismica e determinazione di curve di fragilità per strutture in muratura." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Il patrimonio edilizio italiano è in gran parte costituito da edifici in muratura di diverse età costruttive. La maggior parte di essi si concentra nei primi anni del 1900 per poi subire una progressiva diminuzione fino ad arrivare agli anni 2000. L’evoluzione delle normative volta a fornire uno strumento per la progettazione antisismica, così come le tecnologie e i materiali utilizzati inizialmente, erano ovviamente sprovvisti dei progressi acquisiti negli ultimi anni e questo rende gli edifici datati più vulnerabili nei confronti di un qualsiasi evento sismico. Diventa dunque importante conoscere e saper individuare quelli che sono i fattori che più incidono nel conteggio totale dei danni dovuti a un terremoto, sia a livello economico che sociale, specialmente negli ultimi anni in cui l’attività sismica è diventata più frequente. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di individuare e analizzare le caratteristiche costruttive che più influenzano il comportamento di una struttura. Le analisi sono basate su una documentazione reale dei danni subiti dagli edifici durante il terremoto dell’Emilia del 2012. Attraverso indagini statistiche su tali dati si studiano le diverse parti di un edificio e si costruiscono relazioni tra le scelte costruttive e il livello di danno riportato dalla struttura e dai suoi singoli elementi. Quindi, una volta individuate le tipologie più a rischio, vengono scelti due edifici esistenti che rispecchiano tali caratteristiche. Su di essi viene eseguita una modellazione a macroelementi, rispettando geometria e valori dei parametri meccanici della muratura. Le analisi prevedono la creazione delle curve forza-spostamento, il confronto tra spostamento ultimo e spostamento richiesto, fino ad arrivare alla costruzione delle curve di fragilità, mettendo in relazione i parametri meccanici della muratura e diversi parametri che rappresentano l’intensità dell’evento sismico.
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Gil, Edward Matthew. "Computational Modeling of Glass Curtain Wall Systems to Support Fragility Curve Development." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94051.

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With the increased push towards performance-based engineering (PBE) design, there is a need to understand and design more resilient building envelopes when subjected to natural hazards. Since architectural glass curtain walls (CW) have become a popular façade type, it is important to understand how these CW systems behave under extreme loading, including the relationship between damage states and loading conditions. This study subjects 3D computational models of glass CW systems to in- and out-of-plane loading simulations, which can represent the effects of earthquake or hurricane events. The analytical results obtained were used to support fragility curve development which could aid in multi-hazard PBE design of CWs. A 3D finite element (FE) model of a single panel CW unit was generated including explicit modeling of the CW components and component interactions such as aluminum-to-rubber constraints, rubber-to-glass and glass-to-frame contact interactions, and semi-rigid transom-mullion connections. In lieu of modeling the screws, an equivalent clamping load was applied with magnitude based on small-scale experimental test results corresponding to the required screw torque. This FE modeling approach was validated against both an in-plane racking displacement test and out-of-plane wind pressure test from the literature to show the model could capture in-plane and out-of-plane behavior effectively. Different configurations of a one story, multi-panel CW model were generated and subjected to in- and out-of-plane simulations to understand CW behavior at a scale that is hard to test experimentally. The structural damage states the FE model could analyze included: 1) initial glass-to-frame contact; 2) glass/frame breach; 3) initial glass cracking; 4) steel anchor yielding; and 5) aluminum mullion yielding. These were linked to other non-structural damage states related to the CW's moisture, air, and thermal performance. Analytical results were converted into demand parameters corresponding to damage states using an established derivation method within the FEMA P-58 seismic fragility guidelines. Fragility curves were then generated and compared to the single panel fragility curves derived experimentally within the FEMA P-58 study. The fragility curves within the seismic guidelines were determined to be more conservative since they are based on single panel CWs. These fragility curves do not consider: the effects of multiple glass panels with varying aspect ratios; the possible component interactions/responses that may affect the extent of damages; and the continuity of the CW framing members across multiple panels. Finally, a fragility dispersion study was completed to observe the effects of implementing the Derivation method or the Actual Demand Data method prescribed by FEMA P-58, which differ on how they account for different levels of uncertainty and dispersion in the fragility curves based on analytical results. It was concluded that an alternative fragility parameter derivation method should be implemented for fragility curves based on analytical models, since this may affect how conservative the analytically based fragility curves become at a certain probability of failure level.
Master of Science
Performance-based engineering (PBE) can allow engineers and building owners to design a building envelope for specific performance objectives and strength/serviceability levels, in addition to the minimum design loads expected. These envelope systems benefit from PBE as it improves their resiliency and performance during natural multi-hazard events (i.e. earthquakes and hurricanes). A useful PBE tool engineers may utilize to estimate the damages an envelope system may sustain during an event is the fragility curve. Fragility curves allow engineers to estimate the probability of reaching a damage state (i.e. glass cracking, or glass fallout) given a specified magnitude of an engineering demand parameter (i.e. an interstory drift ratio during an earthquake). These fragility curves are typically derived from the results of extensive experimental testing of the envelope system. However, computational simulations can also be utilized as they are a viable option in current fragility curve development frameworks. As it’s popularity amongst owners and architects was evident, the architectural glass curtain wall (CW) was the specific building envelope system studied herein. Glass CWs would benefit from implementing PBE as they are very susceptible to damages during earthquakes and hurricanes. Therefore, the goal of this computational research study was to develop fragility curves based on the analytical results obtained from the computational simulation of glass CW systems, which could aid in multi-hazard PBE design of CWs. As v opposed to utilizing limited, small experimental data sets, these simulations can help to improve the accuracy and decrease the uncertainties in the data required for fragility curve development. To complete the numerical simulations, 3D finite element (FE) models of a glass CW system were generated and validated against experimental tests. 11 multi-panel CW system configurations were then modeled to analyze their effect on the glass CW’s performance during in-plane and out-of-plane loading simulations. These parametric configurations included changes to the: equivalent clamping load, glass thickness, and glass-to-frame clearance. Fragility curves were then generated and compared to the single panel CW fragility curves derived experimentally within the FEMA P-58 Seismic Fragility Curve Development study. The fragility curves within FEMA P-58 were determined to be more conservative since they are based on single panel CWs. These fragility curves do not consider: the effects of multiple glass panels with varying aspect ratios; the possible component interactions/responses that may affect the extent of damages; and the continuity of the CW framing members across multiple panels. Finally, a fragility dispersion study was completed to observe the effects of implementing different levels of uncertainty and dispersion in the fragility curves based on analytical results.
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Franceschini, Iolanda. "Analisi di fragilità di strutture ricettive della zona costiera dell'Emilia-Romagna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Il presente lavoro si è concentrato sulle strutture ricettive presenti sulla riviera romagnola, con lo scopo di individuare ed analizzare le caratteristiche costruttive che maggiormente influenzano il comportamento sotto sisma. Attraverso indagini statistiche dei dati ISTAT si è cercato individuare una classe di strutture ricettive tipologiche caratteristiche del territorio analizzato, in termini di tipologia costruttiva, epoca di costruzione e numero di piani fuori terra. La struttura ricettiva analizzata è una struttura mista, situata nel Comune di Bellaria – Igea Marina. Di tale struttura è stata eseguita una modellazione a macroelementi con il software 3MURI, rispettando la geometria e i valori dei parametri meccanici degli elementi che la compongono, realizzando diversi modelli con diverse variazioni, sia riguardanti i valori dei parametri meccanici del calcestruzzo armato che quelli della muratura. Sono state eseguite le analisi pushover, dalle quali sono state ottenute le curve di capacità in termini di forza – spostamento, successivamente è stato eseguito il confronto tra lo spostamento ultimo e lo spostamento richiesto, valutato con un metodo modificato (metodo di Guerrini), fino ad arrivare alla costruzione delle curve di fragilità che, in funzione dei diversi livelli di scuotimento del terreno, definiti secondo l’accelerazione massima al suolo (PGA), consentono di valutare la probabilità di superamento di fissati livelli di danno.
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Nielson, Bryant G. "Analytical Fragility Curves for Highway Bridges in Moderate Seismic Zones." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7542.

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Historical seismic events such as the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 and the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 did much to highlight the vulnerabilities in many existing highway bridges. However, it was not until 1990 that this awareness extended to the moderate seismic regions such as the Central and Southeastern United States (CSUS). This relatively long neglect of seismic issues pertaining to bridges in these moderate seismic zones has resulted in a portfolio of existing bridges with seismic deficiencies which must be assessed and addressed. An emerging decision tool, whose use is becoming ever increasingly popular in the assessment of this seismic risk, is that of seismic fragility curves. Fragility curves are conditional probability statements which give the probability of a bridge reaching or exceeding a particular damage level for an earthquake of a given intensity level. As much research has been devoted to the implementation of fragility curves in risk assessment packages, a great need has arisen for bridge fragility curves which are reliable, particularly for those in moderate seismic zones. The purpose of this study is to use analytical methods to generate fragility curves for nine bridge classes which are most common to the CSUS. This is accomplished by first considering the existing bridge inventory and assessing typical characteristics and details from which detailed 3-D analytical models are created. The bridges are subjected to a suite of synthetic ground motions which were developed explicitly for the region. Probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDM) are then generated using these analyses. From these PSD models, fragility curves are generated by considering specific levels of damage which may be of interest. The fragility curves show that the most vulnerable of all the bridge nine bridge classes considered are those utilizing steel girders. Concrete girder bridges appear to be the next most vulnerable followed by single span bridges of all types. Various sources of uncertainty are considered and tracked throughout this study, which allows for their direct implementation into existing seismic risk assessment packages.
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Saler, Elisa. "Seismic vulnerability and fragility of school buildings in Italy. A multiscale approach to assessment, prioritisation, and risk evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/348119.

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The importance of school buildings, among the built heritage of a community, is largely acknowledged. Due to past seismic events, damage or even collapse of schools have had a huge social impact. The safety of children and youth has a fundamental priority and, in addition, the unsafety of schools can aggravate social dispersion phenomena which follow an earthquake. In the aftermath of the Molise earthquake (2002), which caused the collapse of a primary school in San Giuliano di Puglia (Campobasso, Italy) and the consequent death of 27 children and a teacher, the Italian government issued a national plan for the seismic vulnerability assessment of relevant and strategic structures all over the country. The huge number of structures to be evaluated makes this operation extremely complex and, after almost twenty years, it still requires efficient and cost-effective (also in terms of execution time) tools to be effectively planned. More recently, the United Nations adopted, in March 2015, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, which is articulated in “priorities”, providing actions to be implemented. Specifically, Priority 1 is focused on “understanding disaster risk”, while Priority 2 sets the goal of “strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk”. Both objectives require to deepen knowledge of risks and of its components (i.e., hazard, exposure and vulnerability) at various territorial scale (e.g., national or urban). This thesis presents the seismic vulnerability and fragility assessment of school buildings in Italy, to address this problem at multiple scales, at municipality level and at national level, also including investigations on case studies for refined modelling. First, a prioritisation procedure to sort school buildings part of an urban stock by their seismic vulnerability is proposed. This procedure has the aim of supporting local administrations and enterprises in charge with built stocks in decision-making for the allocation of limited funds for retrofit. The knowledge process of the building stock is comprised of on-site visual surveys and retrieval of original projects documentations. Then, the priority list is defined based on the combination of a qualitative evaluation and of a quantitative capacity/demand ratio resulting from a simplified mechanics-based model. The former results from the application of a form, counting structural and non-structural deficiencies, which is proposed in this work for masonry, reinforced concrete (r.c.), and mixed masonry-r.c. buildings, by updating an existing form. The priority-ranking procedure was applied to r.c. school buildings managed by the Municipality of Padova, in north-east Italy. Then, in the second part of the thesis, the research focuses on the fragility assessment of macro-classes of buildings, representative of the Italian school taxonomy, aimed at risk evaluation at national scale. Based on the Italian school building census, macro-classes of buildings were identified according to a limited number of parameters (i.e., the construction material, age of construction, number of stories, and plan area). Fragility curves were derived for five damage states (from slight damage to complete collapse), with reference to the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS98). For masonry schools, fragility curves were derived for 265 building types by means of a simplified mechanics-based approach, named Vulnus, which accounts for both in-plane and out-of-plane responses. Fragility assessment was also carried out for a macro-class of r.c. school buildings by selecting two representative schools from the above-mentioned urban stock managed by the Municipality of Padova. A non-linear fibre model was developed for each prototype building, taking into account its specific features, such as the presence of infills and of non-seismic joints. Non-Linear Time History Analyses (NLTHA) were carried out by applying a great number of natural and scaled ground motion records, covering a large range of seismic intensities. Fragility curves were derived by statistically processing the outcomes of NLTHA. Thus, the application of two alternative approaches for fragility estimate are provided in this work. Finally, damage maps at national scale are provided by implementing the obtained fragilities, showing the distribution of expected damage for a selected return period and for observation time windows.
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Ay, Bekir Ozer. "Fragility Based Assessment Of Low." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607629/index.pdf.

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In this study, structural vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame structures by considering the country&ndash
specific characteristics is investigated to manage the earthquake risk and to develop strategies for disaster mitigation. Low&ndash
rise and mid&ndash
rise reinforced concrete structures, which constitute approximately 75% of the total building stock in Turkey, are focused in this fragility&ndash
based assessment. The seismic design of 3, 5, 7 and 9&ndash
story reinforced concrete frame structures are carried out according to the current earthquake codes and two dimensional analytical models are formed accordingly. The uncertainty in material variability is taken into account in the formation of structural simulations. Frame structures are categorized as poor, typical or superior according to the specific characteristics of construction practice and the observed seismic performance after major earthquakes in Turkey. The demand statistics in terms of maximum interstory drift ratio are obtained for different sets of ground motion records. The capacity is determined in terms of limit states and the corresponding fragility curves are obtained from the probability of exceeding each limit state for different levels of ground shaking. The results are promising in the sense that the inherent structural deficiencies are reflected in the final fragility functions. Consequently, this study provides a reliable fragility&ndash
based database for earthquake damage and loss estimation of reinforced concrete building stock in urban areas of Turkey.
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Giraudeau, Fabien. "Construction de courbes de fragilité sismique par la représentation de Karhunen-Loève." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22540/document.

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La probabilité de défaillance d’une structure sous séisme est représentée à l’aide de « courbes de fragilité ». Pour les estimer, nous proposons d’enrichir une base de données pré-existante à l’aide du modèle de l’article de F. Poirion et I. Zentner, Stochastic model construction of natural hazards given experimental data, qui se fonde sur la représentation de Karhunen-Loève. Les signaux générés sont triés par classes d’indicateur de nocivité sismique à l’aide d’un algorithme de partitionnement de données. Malgré la ressemblance certaine que présentent plusieurs signaux simulés, et les conséquences que nous tirons de ce problème, ils sont soumis à la structure. Les signaux de réponses résultants sont eux aussi enrichis, en prenant en compte certaines incertitudes afin de construire un intervalle autour de la courbe. La méthode fonctionne pour tout indicateur de nocivité sismique, et permet de s’affranchir de plusieurs hypothèses simplificatrices courantes. Les caractéristiques du scénario sismique sont conservées lors de l’enrichissement, et le processus modélisant le mouvement du sol garde toute sa généralité. Notre démarche est validée d’abord sur un cas simple, puis sur un cas industriel
The failure probability of a structure under earthquake is represented with « fragility curves ». To estimate them, we propose to enrich a pre-existing data basis using the model of the article Stochastic model construction of natural hazards given experimental data, written by F. Poirion et I. Zentner, which is based on the Karhunen-Loeve expansion. The generated signals are sorted by seismic indicator classes using a data partitioning algorithm. Despite the resemblance between some simulated signals, and the consequences we draw from this problem, the structure is submitted to them. The resulting response signals are also enriched, taking into account uncertainties to construct an interval around the curve. The method works for any seismic indicator, and overcomes several common simplifying assumptions. The characteristics of the seismic scenario are preserved during the enrichment, and the process modeling the ground motion retains its generality. Our approach is first validated on a simple case, then on an industrial case
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伊藤, 義人, Yoshito ITOH, 光永 和田, and Mitsunaga WADA. "イベントを考慮した交通基盤施設のライフサイクル評価手法に関する研究." 土木学会, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8633.

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Books on the topic "FRAGILT CURVE"

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Zhu, Feng. The fragility of the Phillips curve: A bumpy ride in the frequency domain. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements, 2005.

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Derivation of empirical fragility curves from Italian damage data. ROSE School, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "FRAGILT CURVE"

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Mohamed Nazri, Fadzli. "Fragility Curves." In Seismic Fragility Assessment for Buildings due to Earthquake Excitation, 3–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7125-6_2.

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Rossetto, Tiziana, Dina D’Ayala, Ioanna Ioannou, and Abdelghani Meslem. "Evaluation of Existing Fragility Curves." In SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk, 47–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7872-6_3.

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Nakano, Kazuyoshi, Yoshio Kajitani, and Hirokazu Tatano. "Functional Fragility Curves for Production Capacity." In Integrated Disaster Risk Management, 11–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2719-4_2.

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Salem, Yasser S., P. E. Tiffany Yoo, Ghad M. Gad, and Jin Sung Cho. "Analytical Fragility Curves for Pipe Rack Structure." In Advances and Challenges in Structural Engineering, 292–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01932-7_23.

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Prasad, P., and C. Gopinath. "Fragility Curves for Structures Using Energy Criterion." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 703–19. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1608-5_51.

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Cimellaro, Gian Paolo. "Fragility Curves of Restoration Processes for Resilience Analysis." In Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 495–507. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52425-2_21.

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Salem, Yasser S., P. E. Aren Azizian, and Jin Sung Cho. "Analytical Fragility Curves of Open Frame Platform Structures." In Advances and Challenges in Structural Engineering, 277–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01932-7_22.

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Cardellino, Enrico, Donatella de Silva, and Emidio Nigro. "Estimation of Structural Fire Vulnerability Through Fragility Curves." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 586–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91877-4_67.

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Remki, Mustapha, and Fouad Kehila. "Analytically Derived Fragility Curves and Damage Assessment of Masonrybuildings." In Facing the Challenges in Structural Engineering, 42–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61914-9_4.

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Yang, H. Z., and C. G. Koh. "Seismic Risk Evaluation by Fragility Curves Using Metamodel Methods." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 313–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9199-0_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "FRAGILT CURVE"

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Serdar, Nina N., Jelena R. Pejovic, Radenko Pejovic, and Miloš Knežević. "Seismic risk assessment of RC curved bridges through fragility curves." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1488.

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<p>It is of great importance that traffic network is still functioning in post- earthquake period, so that interventions in emergency situations are not delayed. Bridges are part of the traffic system that can be considered as critical for adequate post-earthquake response. Their seismic response often dominate the response and reliability of overall transportation system, so special attention should be given to risk assessment for these structures. In seismic vulnerability and risk assessment bridges are often classified as regular or irregular structures, dependant on their configuration. Curved bridges are considered as irregular and unexpected behaviour during seismic excitation is noticed in past earthquake events. Still there are an increasing number of these structures especially in densely populated urban areas since curved configuration is often suitable to accommodate complicated location conditions. In this paper special attention is given to seismic risk assessment of curved reinforce concrete bridges through fragility curves. Procedure for developing fragility curves is described as well as influence of radius curvature on their seismic vulnerability is investigated. Since vulnerability curves provide probability of exceedance of certain damage state, four damage states are considered: near collapse, significant damage, intermediate damage state, onset of damage and damage limitation. As much as possible these damage states are related to current European provisions. Radius of horizontal curvature is varied by changing subtended angle: 25 °, 45 ° and 90 °. Also one corresponding straight bridge is analysed. Nonlinear static procedure is used for developing of fragility curves. It was shown that probability of exceedance of certain damage states is increased as subtended angle is increased. Also it is determined that fragility of curved bridges can be related to fragility of straight counterparts what facilitates seismic evaluation of seismic vulnerability of curved bridges structures.</p>
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Du, Xinlong, Jerome F. Hajjar, Robert Bailey Bond, and Hao Sun. "Collapse Fragility Development of Electrical Transmission Towers Subjected to Hurricanes." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0235.

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<p>Electrical power systems are critical to the wellbeing of our economy and society. Collapse of electrical transmission towers under hurricanes may result in significant interruptions of power systems. This research proposes a framework for the development of collapse fragility curves of transmission towers subjected to hurricanes. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), originally established for earthquake engineering applications, is adapted to model the hurricane induced collapse behavior. For a specific site, a set of hurricane wind speed and direction records are selected from 10,000-year synthetic hurricanes using a combination of autoencoder and k-means clustering. The autoencoder first compresses each wind record into 5 latent features, to which the k-means clustering is applied. Thus, all the collected wind records are divided into 4 clusters. Twenty wind records are picked at random from the 4 clusters and employed to run the IDA analysis, through which the collapse behavior is simulated, incorporating uncertainties in wind loading. The intensity measure of fragility curves is the storm maximum gust wind speed, and therefore the fragility curve is given as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the collapse capacity, which is designated as the intensity measure at the onset of collapse. The parameters of a fragility curve are estimated from the simulated data of the collapse capacity using the method of moments. The developed fragility curves are helpful in damage prediction of the electrical power systems under hurricanes.</p>
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Sinha, R. "High dimensional model representation for the probabilistic assessment of seismic pounding." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-5.

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Abstract: The study presented herein aims to analyse the seismic performance of a two-dimensional eight-storey non-ductile reinforced concrete frame against structural pounding with an adjacent three-storey stiff frame having different storey heights. The examined case of pounding refers to the extremely critical floor-to-column structural pounding for three different initial separation gaps between the said structures. Seismic vulnerability analysis is usually performed by way of developing fragility curves for a set of damage and intensity measures using a suitable fragility curve generation technique. For this study, damage measures are characterized by the percentage maximum inter-storey drifts of the taller, flexible frame while the peak ground accelerations of the ground motion data are used as the corresponding intensity measures. Displacement-based fragility curves were generated for 9 sampling points using the High Dimensional Model Representation (HDMR) technique and the results were compared with actual probabilistic data obtained using Monte-Carlo Simulations (MCS). The results of this study imply that the proposed use of HDMR provides excellent fragility curves for the estimation of pounding risks with a significant reduction in the number of simulations required, thereby reducing the computational cost by huge margins. Results also indicate that fragility curves for target separation distances can also be obtained using HDMR without performing additional simulations. This can further be used for the mitigation of pounding risks and for the reliability-based design of buildings for target separation distances and damage measures.
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Gmelin, Sebastian, Kristian Agger, and Michael Lassen. "Simulation Design Tools: Using Parametric Building Information Modeling and Physical Simulation for Form Finding of Double Curved Surfaces." In eCAADe 2011 : Respecting Fragile Places. eCAADe, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.215.

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Shimazu, Ryuya, Michiya Sakai, Yohei Ono, and Shinichi Matsuura. "Strength Distribution Characteristics of Elbow Pipes Considering Low Cycle Fatigue Based on Analysis." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61943.

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Abstract When designing and evaluating the strength of the piping system of a nuclear power plant, ductile rupture or plastic collapse is often assumed to be the limit state. However, previous studies have reported that the primary failure mode of piping systems is fatigue. Therefore, it is important to conduct a fragility assessment of the piping system under the assumption that the failure mode is fatigue. In this study, a method for calculating the strength distribution characteristics of elbow pipes based on material characteristics is proposed. The linear cumulative damage is considered as a damage assessment index to conduct a fragility assessment by assuming that fatigue occurs. The strain at the elbow pipes was calculated by finite element analysis, while the linear cumulative damage corresponding to the number of cycles was evaluated based on the strain using the Probabilistic ε-N curve. The failure probability of elbow pipes corresponding to the input acceleration was obtained under specific given parameters, and parts of the curves that compose the fragility curve are shown. The analysis results show that the 5% failure probability can be evaluated using the relationship between the failure probability and either the open or closed angle of the elbow pipes, without considering the thickness variations in the fragility assessment of elbow pipes.
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Ju, Heekun, and Hyung-Jo Jung. "Estimation of Equipment Fragility Curve of Nonlinear Nuclear Power Plant Structures." In IABSE Conference, Seoul 2020: Risk Intelligence of Infrastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/seoul.2020.143.

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<p>Fragility analysis is priorly conducted for probabilistic seismic risk assessment of nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this research, a sample-based method is used to estimate equipment fragility curves more realistically. A numerical model representing an auxiliary building of NPP is used for probabilistic seismic analysis. The structural nonlinearity comes from the hysteretic behaviour of shear walls, which is a dominant structural component affecting the structural behaviour under earthquakes. Uncertainties from ground motions, structural and equipment properties are considered. To generate simulation cases, an advanced Latin Hypercube sampling approach with sequential sampling capability is adopted. The response distribution are utilized for calculating fragility curves, and the effects of each uncertainty sources on fragility curves are evaluated and compared.</p>
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Bursi, Oreste S., Giuseppe Abbiati, Luca Caracoglia, and Md Shahin Reza. "Effects of Uncertainties in Boundary Conditions on Dynamic Characteristics of Industrial Plant Components." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28177.

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Seismic risk assessment of industrial plants is of paramount importance to ensure adequate design against earthquake hazards. Seismic vulnerability of industrial plant components is often evaluated through a fragility analysis to conform to structural safety requirements. Fragility curves of single components are usually developed by neglecting the effect of actual boundary conditions. Thus, an incorrect evaluation of individual fragility curves can affect the overall fragility curve of a system. This may lead to “erroneous” seismic risk evaluation for a plant in comparison with its real state. Hence, it is important to study the effect of uncertainties, introduced at the boundaries when coupling effects are neglected, on the dynamic characteristics of a system. Along this line, this paper investigates the effects of uncertain boundary conditions on the probability distributions of the dynamic properties of a simple chain-like system with increasing number of degrees of freedom. In order to describe the uncertain boundary condition, a modified version of the well-known β distribution is proposed. Subsequently, the Analytical Moment Expansion (AME) method is employed to estimate the statistical moments of the output random variables as an alternative to more computationally-demanding Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, a preliminary extension of the proposed approach to a realistic piping system connected to a class of broad/slender tanks is discussed.
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Kumar, Rajesh, Dipti Ranjan Sahoo, and Ashok Gupta. "Fragility curves for special truss moment frame with single and multiple vierendeel special segment." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7248.

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Special Truss Moment frame (STMF) is an open web truss moment frame, which dissipates the input seismic energy through a well-defined ductile special segment located near the mid-span of truss while other members of truss outside the special segment and columns are designed to remain elastic. In this paper, the performance and the fragility curve of STMFs consisting single and multiple vierendeel panels in the special segment are investigated. The seismic response of nine-story having the length to depth ratio of special segment 2.5 is considered to develop the fragility curve. The seismic response of each building was recorded by performing nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses. Each archetype modelled in nonlinear analysis program PERFORM-3D to carry out IDA under a suit of forty-four real Far Field ground motion records. Fragility curves were developed for these structures and the probability of exceedance at immediate occupancy (IO) level, Life safety (LS) level and Collapse performance (CP) level was assessed for two level of hazards, DBE level (10% probability of exceedance in 50 years) and MCE level (2% probability of exceedance in 50 years). For DBE level earthquake intensity, the probability of exceedance for the CP performance level of STMF building for both structure is marginal while at MCE level the probability of exceedance at CP performance level is 71% and 45% for single and multiple panels respectively.
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Colonna, Silvia, Stefania Imperatore, and Barbara Ferracuti. "FRAGILITY CURVES OF MASONRY CHURCHES FAÇADES." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.6951.19424.

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Qiu, L. Y., N. Z. Nik Azizan, and R. M. K. Tahara. "Development of fragility curves for bridge." In ADVANCES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116439.

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Reports on the topic "FRAGILT CURVE"

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Schultz, Martin T., Ben P. Gouldby, Jonathan D. Simm, and Johannes L. Wibowo. Beyond the Factor of Safety: Developing Fragility Curves to Characterize System Reliability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525580.

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Coleman, Justin. Demonstration of NonLinear Seismic Soil Structure Interaction and Applicability to New System Fragility Seismic Curves. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1168656.

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Du, Xinlong, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Structural Performance Assessment of Electrical Transmission Networks for Hurricane Resilience Enhancement. Northeastern University, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20460693.

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Hurricanes are one of the main causes for blackouts and related infrastructure damage in the United States. Electrical transmission towers, which are key parts of the electrical transmission networks, are vulnerable to high wind speeds during storms. Collapse of transmission towers may lead to a loss of functionality of transmission lines. This research focuses on regional analysis of electrical transmission networks under hurricane hazards through developing beam elements for analyzing transmission towers, selection of hurricane wind records that incorporate uncertainty quantification, generating collapse fragility curves for transmission towers, and regional damage assessment of transmission networks.
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Hobbs, T. E., J. M. Journeay, A. S. Rao, L. Martins, P. LeSueur, M. Kolaj, M. Simionato, et al. Scientific basis of Canada's first public national seismic risk model. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330927.

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Natural Resources Canada, in partnership with the Global Earthquake Model Foundation, has prepared a public Canadian Seismic Risk Model to support disaster risk reduction efforts across industry and all levels of government, and to aid in Canada's adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Developing this model has involved the creation of a national exposure inventory, Canadian specific fragility and vulnerability curves, and adjustment of the Canadian Seismic Hazard Model which forms the basis for the seismic provisions of the National Building Code of Canada. Using the Global Earthquake Model Foundation's OpenQuake Engine (OQ), risk modelling is completed using both deterministic and probabilistic risk calculations, under baseline and simulated retrofit conditions. Output results are available in all settled regions of Canada, at the scale of a neighbourhood or smaller. We report on expected shaking damage to buildings, financial losses, fatalities, and other impacts such as housing disruption and the generation of debris. This paper documents the technical details of the modelling approach including a description of novel datasets in use, as well as preliminary results for a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on the Cascadia megathrust and nation-wide 500 year expected probabilistic losses. These kinds of results, such as earthquake scenario impacts, loss exceedance curves, and annual average losses, provide a quantitative base of evidence for decision making at local, regional, and national levels.
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