Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fragile work'

Women's participation in peacebuilding processes was greatly increased through 1325 resolution on women, peace, and security whereby all actors involved in the peacebuilding processes were recommended to increase their participation in all the United Nations Peace and Security efforts. The role of women in peacebuilding and reconciliation through their major contribution to peacebuilding participation process in different countries. This study focused on identifying the role of Somali women in peacebuilding. The study conducted as desk study and uses secondary data that collected other researchers. The research methodology used in this study is thematic analysis to interpret selected materials. The central theme of the study is empowering women and increase women's opportunity to make choices in life and to increase their power to be part of the negotiations that have an impact on their lives. The study focused on two research objectives which included: the extent to which women in Somalia participate in the peace building process and the major constraints affecting the women participation in the peace building process in Somalia. The study identified three major challenges affect the Somali women in the participation of peace building process, and they include: Norms and traditions, political hegemony, and lack of economic opportunities. The study found the women participation in peace building in Somalia has been more common and active in the post conflict period than in any other periods. Keywords Peacebuilding, Conflict, Gender, Empowerment, Inclusion, Exclusion,

The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding about the experiences and needs of foster parents who care for medically fragile children and indentify characteristics related to providing quality care.

Ce travail de recherche part de la description d’événements artistiquescontemporains, réexposant ou rejouant des oeuvres éphémères du passé, afin d’analyser lesmodalités de leur transmission. Dans un premier moment, il s’agit de montrer que l’éphémèreopère une réduction temporelle qui met en crise une conception de l’oeuvre que la tradition desarts plastiques a fondée sur la conservation de l’objet et de la trace. Or, lorsque les oeuvreséphémères nous sont données a posteriori, dans le corps du vestige ou de l’archive, la questionest de savoir si leur reconnaissance par l’institution ne coïncide pas avec l’inexorable perte deleur discours. Dans son second moment, ce travail cherche à mettre en évidence une modalitéessentielle de la transmission que les oeuvres éphémères ont contribué à inscrire dans lespratiques : une forme de théâtralité dont les signes manifestes sont la requalification du muséecomme scène et du commissaire comme scénographe et metteur en scène. Plus profondément,cette modalité révèle un nouvel ethos né de la relation fragile entre l’oeuvre et des spectateursdevenus témoins. Car le devenir des oeuvres éphémères se fonde sur la conversion d’uneémotion mémorable en devoir de transmettre. C’est à la mise au jour de cette opération que cetravail doctoral se consacre finalement, pour montrer comment le devenir mémorable engagetoujours un sens de la communauté humaine
This research work starts from the description of contemporary artistic events, reexposingor replaying ephemeral mankind's past achievements, in order to analyse the modalitiesof their transmission. In a first moment, it is intended to show that the ephemeral carries out atime-based reduction that puts in crisis a conception of the work of art that the tradition of thevisual arts has founded on object and trace conservation. However, when ephemeral worksreach us a posteriori, in the frame of the vestige or archive material, the question is to know iftheir recognition by the institution does not coincide with the inexorable loss of their speech.In its second moment, this work seeks to highlight a key modality for transmission thatephemeral works have contributed to graft onto established practices : a type of theatricalpresence the obvious signs of which being the requalification of the museum as a stage and ofthe curator as a set designer and stage manager. At a deeper level, this modality reveals a newethos arising out of the fragile relationship between the work and spectators having becomewitnesses. For, the destiny of ephemeral works is based on the conversion of an unforgettableemotion into a duty of transmission. It is with the updating of this operation that this doctoralwork is ultimately devoted to, to show how the memorable becoming always engages a sense of thehuman community

La fragilité est une notion importante dans la sculpture contemporaine. Cette thèse s’interroge sur ses aspects chez deux des plus influents artistes de l'histoire de l'art au XXe siècle : Pablo Picasso et Marcel Duchamp. Nous nous interrogeons dans ce sens sur les facteurs qui ont favorisé l’avènement de la fragilité dans leurs pratiques : contexte historique, traditions populaires revisitées par la modernité, évolution du regard porté sur les matériaux, pratiques artistiques novatrices, contraintes et techniques de conservation. Notre recherche aborde bien entendu la question de la fragilité/la vanité de l’être humain que nous traitons dans les champs historique et philosophique – à travers ses dimensions esthétique, philosophique et spirituelle – mais dans les champs du sacré et de la science à partir du corps et de la mémoire tels que nous les observons se manifester dans le champ artistique. Pour montrer la prégnance de ce qui nous paraît relever du concept de fragilité, tel que nous l’aurons auparavant défini chez Duchamp et Picasso et des formes qu’il revêt, nous nous appuyons sur leurs œuvres en verre et papier. Notre étude analyse ces œuvres tant à travers le concept de fragilité qui s’y déploie qu’à l’aune de leur matérialité. Par ailleurs, l’usage des matériaux fragiles amène les artistes à privilégier certaines techniques qui ont pour objectif de protéger et d’assurer la conservation de leur travail : un tel processus aboutit au nouage serré, voire parfois inextricable, de leur démarche artistique et de leur pratique. Les modes de conservation de l’œuvre fragile constituent donc également l’un des axes de notre thèse. ---Pour finir, nous présentons notre propre pratique artistique, nourrie de notre approche de la fragilité et, bien sûr, de toutes les œuvres et références que nous aurons étudiées tout au long de notre recherche
Fragility is an important notion in contemporary sculpture. This thesis examines its aspects in two of the most influential artists in the history of art in the 20th century: Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp. In this sense, we question the factors that have favored the advent of fragility in their practices: historical context, popular traditions revisited by modernity, changes in the way we look at materials, innovative artistic practices, constraints and conservation techniques. Our research of course addresses the question of the fragility/vanity of the human being that we deal with in the historical and philosophical fields - through its aesthetic, philosophical and spiritual dimensions - but in the fields of the sacred and of science from of body and memory as we observe them manifesting themselves in the artistic field. To show the significance of what seems to us to fall under the concept of fragility, as we have previously defined it with Duchamp and Picasso and the forms it takes, we rely on their works in glass and paper. Our study analyzes these works both through the concept of fragility that unfolds there and in terms of their materiality. Furthermore, the use of fragile materials leads artists to favor certain techniques whose objective is to protect and ensure the conservation of their work: such a process results in the tight, even sometimes inextricable knotting of their artistic approach and their practice. The modes of conservation of the fragile work therefore also constitute one of the axes of our thesis. ___Finally, we present our own artistic practice, nourished by our approach to fragility and, of course, by all the works and references that we will have studied throughout our research

Le Sénégal fait souvent figure d'exception, au point d'être régulièrement salué pour sa stabilité sociopolitiquepar la communauté internationale désemparée devant les troubles qui agitent le continent africain.Cette image d'Épinal est pourtant loin de rendre compte des difficultés qui touchent la population de ce pays.Derrière le visage d'un pays stable se cache en fin de compte une tout autre réalité qui rappelle combien lepoids de la précarité professionnelle occupe une place singulière dans la vie des Sénégalais, y compris deceux qui participent à l'élaboration de l'action publique branchée au système d'aide. Telle est l'impressionpesante qui se glisse dans les discours des professionnels de l'aide sénégalais impliqués dans un projet degestion intégrée du littoral encouragé par la Banque mondiale dans les années 2000. L'étude de la mise enoeuvre de ce projet fournit un cas d'école qui permet de saisir l'incidence que peut avoir la précaritéprofessionnelle de ces personnes sur le fonctionnement de l'aide-projet qui représente encore aujourd'hui laforme d'aide dominante dans le pays. Plus spécifiquement, elle aide à comprendre pourquoi les normes degestion du littoral colportées dans le cadre de ce projet – qui ne sont d'ailleurs que le reflet de l'écologiedominante – sont mobilisées par ces développeurs sénégalais à travers des discours légitimateurs le plussouvent déconnectés du sens même de ces normes. Tout se passe comme si la professionnalisation heurtéede ces personnes les conduisait à prêter plus attention aux moyens du projet qu'à ses objectifs, et de cettemanière à améliorer leurs conditions de travail et plus largement leur situation socio-économique
Senegal is often looked on as an exception, to the point of being regularly hailed for its socio-politicalstability by an international community quite helpless in front of the troubles of African continent. Yet thistraditional view is far from accounting for the difficulties of the population. In fact the image of a stablecountry conceals an altogether different reality which reminds one of how precarity, and more particularlywork precarity, plays an important part in the lives of the Senegalese, including those who take part in thedevelopment of the public action financed by aid agencies. Such is the impression felt in the speeches ofSenegalese aid workers involved in a project of coastal zone management promoted by the World Bank inthe 2000s. To study the working out of this project provides an example which helps to understand theconsequences their precarity at work can have on the working of the aid-project – today the main form of aidin this country. More specifically it helps to understand how the standards of coastal zone managementpromoted by the World Bank agents are interpreted by these Senegalese people, and why they are justapprehended in speeches often disconnected from the very purpose of these standards. It seems that theirwork precarity has led them to pay more attention to the means of the project rather than to its ends, seekingthereby to improve their own work conditions and so their socio-economic situation

Introduktion: Multisjuka patienter är individer med många sjukdomar och komplexa vårdbehov. För denna grupp är vikten av kontinuitet för att öka känsla­n av trygghet stor. Syfte med förbättringsarbetet: : Att skapa en trygg och möjlig ASIH-vård för multisjuka äldre genom att utveckla arbetssätt som möjliggör anslutning och en trygg utskrivning för multisjuka äldre. Syftet med studie av förbättringsarbetet: Att undersöka och analysera medarbetares gemensamma erfarenheter. Metod: Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med stöd av Nolans förbättringsmodell. Studien av förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med en fallstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Förbättringsarbetet resulterade i ett jämnt inflöde av remisser och kortare anslutningstid till ASIH. Patientens upplevelse av trygghet skattades i en enkät till 76%.  Möjlighet till återanslutning till ASIH fick 7 patienter mellan 1-7 gånger under förbättringsprojektet. Studien av förbättringsarbetet sammanfattades i temat: ”Villkor för samverkan mot det gemensamma målet” då ett tydligt mönster framkom i fokusgruppsintervjuerna. Följande villkor sågs som betydelsefulla: kontinuitet, lärande, samarbete och kommunikation.. Diskussion: ASIH är en alternativ vårdform som kan bidra till att skapa trygghet och underlätta övergången till hemmet för gruppen multisjuka äldre. I bästa fall också minska behov av vård på akutsjukhus vid försämring. För att möjliggöra denna vård krävs återkoppling som skapar lärande genom tydliga mål och mätbara resultat.
Introduction: Patients with multiple illnesses are individuals with complex needs of care. For this group of patients, continuity of care and their sense of security is is of great importance. Improvement work objective: To create secure and accessible ASIH for elders with multiple illnesses by¨develop ways of working to enable re-admittance and secure discharges for this group of patients. Case study objective: To Investigate and analyze team members’ common experiences. Method: Implementation using Nolan’s improvement model. A case study using qualitative contents analysis. Result: The improvement work resulted in an even flow of referrals and shortened admission times to ASIH. Patients’ sense of security were rated to 76%. Seven Seven patients had the possibility towere be  re-admitted 1-7 times 1-7 times during the project. Casestudy summary: ”Conditions for cooperationfor a common goal”. A clear pattern with the following significant conditions emerged from the focusgroups interviews: continuity, learning, cooperation, and communication. Discussion: ASIH can be an option to facilitate the transition home for elderly patients with multiple illnesses. ASIH provides a sense of security and may prevent re-hospitalization. This model of cooperation requires clear, common goals and opportunities for feedback to enable learning contributes to measurable results.

The slow-worm, Anguis fraqilis, is a legless lizard in the family Anguidae. The ecology of the species was studied by weekly visits to two sites on the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, England from 1981 to 1988. Other sites were visited less often. Animals were found under pieces of corrugated iron sheet that had been placed on the ground. Adults were photographed and identified on recapture by the pattern on the underside of the head. Pregnant females were retained in captivity until the birth of the young. A total of 3456 slow-worms were found. Capture rates of known individuals were low, often less than once a year. There were differences in rate of captures of four sex and size class over the season. Males predominated in spring, females were found most often in summer and sub-adults and juveniles were commonest in autumn. Rates of movement were low. There was no evidence of territory formation. Mating was only observed once. Females with sperm in the cloaca were found in May. The litters of 1 to 18 (average 8) were born in late summer. Larger females had larger litters but not larger young. In 1986, litter sizes were small with many of the young deformed. The sex ratios were not equal. The bias was to females at one site and to males at the other. Cloacal temperatures, low for a temperate reptile, ranged from 9.8 to 33.2 "C, with a median of 24.9 °C. There was little evidence of precise thermoregulation. Cloacal temperatures were highest in summer on sunny days, but varied little with time of day. The distribution in the Iberian peninsula was shown by discriminant function analysis to be correlated with cooler, wetter climates.

Au croisement de la sociologie des classes populaires et de la sociologie urbaine et du logement, cette thèse porte sur l’une des formes de logements non ordinaires qui a connu un développement massif en France dans les territoires ruraux et périurbains au cours de ces dernières années : le camping résidentiel. Combinant immersion ethnographique dans plusieurs campings de la région parisienne, entretiens, archives et statistiques, elle montre l’existence d’une véritable stratification interne à cet habitat, eu égard à l’hétérogénéité des situations résidentielles, des trajectoires, des ressources, des expériences et des styles de vie des habitants. Le camping résidentiel est de fait apparu comme remplissant trois grandes fonctions sociales segmentant la population qui le pratique : il peut représenter une alternative à la maison individuelle inaccessible, figurer un déclassement subjectif et objectif ou encore s’apparenter à une solution qui pallie la pénurie de logement abordable et évite le dénuement extrême de la rue. Inscrite dans une approche à la fois contextualiste et dispositionnaliste des manières d’habiter, la thèse rapporte ces trois fonctions du camping – qui constituent également trois styles de vie distincts – aux caractéristiques particulières de cette forme d’habitat non ordinaire mais aussi à des ressources, des trajectoires et des socialisations résidentielles différentes articulées à des dispositions populaires relativement homogènes. Elle identifie enfin les causes, les dynamiques et les conséquences des pratiques de délogement en documentant « de l’intérieur » un cas de fermeture de terrain de camping, exemple de concrétisation du risque associé au statut juridique de cet habitat
This thesis finds itself at the intersection of the sociology of the working classes and urban sociology, with a special interest in housing. It focuses on one of the forms of non-ordinary housing that has seen massive development in France in recent years: residential camping. Combining an ethnographic immersion in several campsites in the Paris region, interviews, archives and statistics, it shows the existence of a real internal stratification within this habitat, taking into account the heterogeneity of residential situations, trajectories, resources, experiences and lifestyles of the inhabitants. Residential camping has in fact emerged as fulfilling three major social functions which segment the population that practices it: it may represent an alternative to the inaccessible single-family home, or stand as a subjective and objective downgrading or even be a solution that makes up for the shortage of affordable housing, thus preventing the extreme destitution of living in the streets. Illustrating a dispositionalist-contextualist approach to ways of living, the thesis connects these three functions of camping - which also constitute three distinct lifestyles - with the particular characteristics of this unusual form of housing. It also links it to different resources, trajectories and forms of residential socialisation corresponding to relatively homogeneous popular dispositions. Finally, it identifies the causes, dynamics and consequences of eviction practices by documenting "from the inside" the case of a campground closure, an example of the risk involved in the legal status of this habitat

Au croisement de la sociologie des classes populaires et de la sociologie urbaine et du logement, cette thèse porte sur l’une des formes de logements non ordinaires qui a connu un développement massif en France dans les territoires ruraux et périurbains au cours de ces dernières années : le camping résidentiel. Combinant immersion ethnographique dans plusieurs campings de la région parisienne, entretiens, archives et statistiques, elle montre l’existence d’une véritable stratification interne à cet habitat, eu égard à l’hétérogénéité des situations résidentielles, des trajectoires, des ressources, des expériences et des styles de vie des habitants. Le camping résidentiel est de fait apparu comme remplissant trois grandes fonctions sociales segmentant la population qui le pratique : il peut représenter une alternative à la maison individuelle inaccessible, figurer un déclassement subjectif et objectif ou encore s’apparenter à une solution qui pallie la pénurie de logement abordable et évite le dénuement extrême de la rue. Inscrite dans une approche à la fois contextualiste et dispositionnaliste des manières d’habiter, la thèse rapporte ces trois fonctions du camping – qui constituent également trois styles de vie distincts – aux caractéristiques particulières de cette forme d’habitat non ordinaire mais aussi à des ressources, des trajectoires et des socialisations résidentielles différentes articulées à des dispositions populaires relativement homogènes. Elle identifie enfin les causes, les dynamiques et les conséquences des pratiques de délogement en documentant « de l’intérieur » un cas de fermeture de terrain de camping, exemple de concrétisation du risque associé au statut juridique de cet habitat
This thesis finds itself at the intersection of the sociology of the working classes and urban sociology, with a special interest in housing. It focuses on one of the forms of non-ordinary housing that has seen massive development in France in recent years: residential camping. Combining an ethnographic immersion in several campsites in the Paris region, interviews, archives and statistics, it shows the existence of a real internal stratification within this habitat, taking into account the heterogeneity of residential situations, trajectories, resources, experiences and lifestyles of the inhabitants. Residential camping has in fact emerged as fulfilling three major social functions which segment the population that practices it: it may represent an alternative to the inaccessible single-family home, or stand as a subjective and objective downgrading or even be a solution that makes up for the shortage of affordable housing, thus preventing the extreme destitution of living in the streets. Illustrating a dispositionalist-contextualist approach to ways of living, the thesis connects these three functions of camping - which also constitute three distinct lifestyles - with the particular characteristics of this unusual form of housing. It also links it to different resources, trajectories and forms of residential socialisation corresponding to relatively homogeneous popular dispositions. Finally, it identifies the causes, dynamics and consequences of eviction practices by documenting "from the inside" the case of a campground closure, an example of the risk involved in the legal status of this habitat

Cette thèse de sociologie porte sur les mobilités locales des personnes retraitées bénéficiaires d’une aide de l’action sociale de la Cnav et de non-bénéficiaires. La mobilité locale, comprise dans cette thèse comme étant la réflexion sur le déplacement sa réalisation et les interactions sociales qui peuvent en découler, est indirectement promue par les politiques publiques du vieillissement au travers des messages de prévention qui prônent le « bien vieillir ». Les résultats montrent que les personnes bénéficiaires sont confrontées à une injonction contradictoire : elles doivent continuer à être mobiles pour correspondre au modèle du « bien vieillir » alors que ce sont les difficultés de mobilité qui leur permettent d’accéder à une aide institutionnelle. Des stratégies de mobilité sont élaborées avec des aides : formelles et informelles et de nouvelles formes de mobilité sont développées. Le vieillissement est une période propice à l’élaboration de nouvelles formes de mobilité. Le modèle du « bien vieillir » devrait être assoupli pour intégrer ces multiples formes de mobilité et d’adaptation à l’environnement de vie afin qu’une majorité de personnes vieillissantes puisse s’y identifier et intégrer plus aisément les messages de prévention
This PhD thesis in Sociology explores local mobility patterns of pensioners, comparing beneficiaries of social welfare from the “Caisse nationale d'assurance vieillesse” (France’s public institution in charge of managing pensions) and individuals who do not benefit from this financial support. Local mobility is understood in this context as a three-pronged process: from planning the trip to actually moving to the adjacent social interactions. This local mobility is being promoted, albeit indirectly, by public policies on ageing with awareness campaigns mostly revolving around the concept of "ageing well" (“bien-veillir”) through a healthy lifestyle.This research finds that welfare beneficiaries face a form of cognitive dissonance from the institutions: whilst pensioners’ adherence to the “ageing well” framework depends on remaining mobile, only mobility impairments unlock access to institutional support. Meanwhile, mobility strategies are being developed around both formal and informal support, and innovations arise that offer new forms of mobility. Ageing is indeed a life stage prone to exploring new mobility options. In order for the elderly to engage better with policies and public health campaigns, the "ageing well" framework would benefit from a more flexible approach to the new forms of mobility so as to truly adapt to pensioners’ built environment

The aim of this thesis is to explore how professionals working in a French community association perceived the notion of spirituality and a shared life practice, and furthermore what contributions and limits these concepts have in the social work. To attain this, a case study has been done using participant observations and four thematically opened interviews within a L'arche community where persons with varying disabilities are living together with professional assistants. To put the association in a theoretical framework, I propose it to be regarded as a case of milieu therapy with spiritual elements, which are the two areas that will be stressed out in the section about previous research. The theories used in the study are ecological system theory, existentialism and Roger's theory about interpersonal relationships. The result of the thesis illustrate how the notion of a shared life practice has good contributions in the social work, such as equal and personal relationships between the members of the community and furthermore a notion of time that makes the work unstressful and natural as a result of the communal living. However, a limit discovered regarding this practice is the exposed and tiering situation for the assistants that hinder a longterm work in the community for most assistants. Another finding is that the spiritual dimension in the community makes way for a holistic view of everyone and contributes with rituals that create strong moments of fellowship within the community, at the same time it risks to make people who regard themselves as non-spiritual not to feel totally included.

ABSTRACT – The use of Artificial Cover Objects (ACOs) for inventorying and monitoring of reptile diversity has become increasingly common, though few studies have investigated how occurrence and sampling success (encounters per ACO per day) varies with environmental factors when using ACOs. This study is based on data from Sandsjöbacka ecoduct and its surroundings in southwestern Sweden, where there is an ongoing monitoring program. Sixty-five plywood coverboards the first year and 15 more the next year were placed in a system of points along transects and checked 22 times (1595 shelter checks) between the year 2017 and 2018. These counts were combined with vegetation analyses and complemented with data of ambient temperature from SMHI, the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. A total of 129 reptiles belonging to six species was found: grass snake (Natrix natrix), smooth snake (Coronella austriaca), sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), viviparous lizard (Zootoca vivipara), slowworm (Anguis fragilis) and adder (Vipera berus). There was no correlation between temperature and sampling success. DFA revealed a significant discrimination between ACOs with and without reptiles, and two of eight vegetation variables, proportion of shrubs and proportion of bare ground, were best at separating the two groups. Bare ground tended to have a negative effect on reptile occurrence, while the tendency for shrubs was the opposite. Most observations (81% of all reptiles) and encounter rates (0.065 counts per ACO per day versus 0.081 totally) were associated with slow worm (European glass lizard), and therefore the data mainly reflect activity of this species.
SAMMANFATTNING – Användandet av Artificial Cover Objects (ACOs) för att inventera och övervaka bestånd av kräldjur har blivit allt vanligare, men få studier har undersökt hur förekomst och stickprovsframgång (observationer per ACO per dag) varierar beroende av biotiska och abiotiska faktorer vid användandet av ACOs. Jag fick tillgång till data från ett pågående miljöuppföljningsprogram vid och i närområden kring Sandsjöbacka ekodukt i Västra Götalands län där ACOs användes. Sextiofem inventeringsplattor av plywood första året följt av ytterligare 15 plattor nästkommande år lades ut i ett system av punkter i linjetransekter där kontroller av kräldjursförekomst skedde systematiskt under 22 inventeringstillfällen fördelade på år 2017 och 2018 (1595 kontroller av ACO) i kombination med vegetationsanalyser. Data från programmet har kompletterats med lufttemperaturdata från SMHI. 129 individer av sex arter observerades; snok (Natrix natrix), hasselsnok (Coronella austriaca), sandödla (Lacerta agilis), skogsödla (Zootoca vivipara), kopparödla (Anguis fragilis) och huggorm (Vipera berus). Det fanns inget signifikant samband mellan lufttemperatur och stickprovsframgång. DFA visade på en signifikant diskriminering mellan ACOs med och utan kräldjur, och två av åtta vegetationsvariabler, andel buskar och ris samt andel barmark, diskriminerades mest. Barmark tenderade ha en negativ effekt på förekomst av kräldjur, medan tendensen för buskar och ris var den motsatta. Klart högst förekomst (81% av totala antalet kräldjur) och stickprovsframgång (0,065 observationer per platta per dag mot 0,081 sammantaget) stod kopparödla för, och därför speglar data först och främst aktivitet hos denna art.

The members of the genus Anguis are widely but hidden living reptile species in the Czech and Slovak Republic. Due to their slight morphological characters among species of the genus, presence of two out of five species in the study area has only recently been confirmed. However, a detailed knowledge about their distribution, contact zones or potential hybridization is still unknown or very insufficient. In this master thesis, 407 individuals of Anguis fragilis and A. colchica out of 281 locations were genotyped. 407 sequences of the mitochondrial marker ND2, 170 sequences of PRLR and 156 sequences RAG1 (both nuclear markers) were used for the genetic analyses. The results confirmed the dominant species A. fragilis for the Czech Republic and A. colchica for the Slovak Republic. The contact and potential hybrid zone has north-south direction from northern Moravia and Silesia, across the Morava River valleys to the Little Carpathians and the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia. The most important information of this thesis is about potential hybridization of these species. My analyses reveal that high number of individuals in the north-south direction zone has hybrid genotype. It allowed detecting the width of the hybrid zone and more accurate genetic structure among species and populations. In addition,...