Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fracturing fluids'
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Kekacs, Daniel. "Treatment and Characterization of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406297620.
Full textCluff, Maryam Ansari. "Microbial Aspects of Shale Flowback Fluids and Response to Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366292190.
Full textHeyob, Katelyn M. "The Biodegradability of Polypropylene Glycols and Ethoxylated Surfactants within Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440415027.
Full textLiu, Shuai. "Laboratory Investigations on the Geochemical Response of Groundwater-sediment Environment to Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376501759.
Full textO'Keeffe, Niall. "Fluid-driven fractures in elastic hydrogels : propagation and coalescence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287633.
Full textOhanian, Nicholas. "The Examination of Fiber and Breaker Effects on the Rheological and Settling Rate Characteristics of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417610323.
Full textRocco, Stefano. "Some geological implications of the flow of clay-water mixtures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270525.
Full textSalardon, Roland. "Fracturation, interactions fluides-roches et circulations fluides dans un bassin en hyper-extension puis lors de son inversion : Exemple des séries mésozoïques de la Zone Nord Pyrénéenne (Chainons Béarnais, France)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0342/document.
Full textInteractions between fracturing, fluid circulations and fluid chemistry on hyper-extended margins is still poorly described as most of them are located offshore, buried underneath post-rift sediments. The southern Aquitaine basin and the northern Pyrenees constitute an appropriate case study to investigate these interactions since a model of hyper extended margin with mantle exhumation during the Lower Cretaceous subsequently inverted was recently proposed. From a field study, we here describe three main sets of fractures (set 1 to set 3). They are correlated with main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the basin corresponding to the Liassic rifting, the Aptian-Cenomanian hyper-extension, and the Pyrenean compression. Petrographic observations, Raman and micro-thermometry analysis on fluid inclusions, ICP-MS, and isotope analysis permitted to determine chemistries, temperatures, redox conditions, gas compositions, oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures, and REE contents of parent fluids for cements precipitated during each episode. In particular saddle dolomite and chlorite precipitated in set 2 fractures during the hyper-extension corresponding to the thermal peak at temperatures higher than 300°C. The isotopic signature, the high CO2 content, the occurrence of H2S and the high salinity of parent fluids suggest ascending mantle fluids percolating across Triassic evaporites. The late and post hyper-extensional phase is characterized by hydraulic brecciation in porous formations, a decrease in temperature and salinity, a decrease in mantle contribution in parent fluids, a closing of the diagenetic system during burial and a switch to reducing conditions during the precipitation of quartz, pyrite and calcite. The Pyrenean compressive phase associated with the third fracturing stage induced a reopening of the diagenetic system and favored a return to oxidizing conditions and infiltrations of meteoric fluids
Eljarray, Abdelali. "Circulations fluides et altérations hydrothermales associées à des dépôts U (As, F) dans le massif de Saint Sylvestre (NW du massif central français)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL009N.
Full textChang, Hong. "Hydraulic Fracturing in Particulate Materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4957.
Full textYi, Tongchun. "Numerical simulation of fluid loss in hydraulic fracturing treatments." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/779.
Full textGUIMARAES, GLAUCE DA SILVA. "ANALYSIS OF THE RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FLUID." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1989. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33266@1.
Full textIn order to contribute in the investigation of the stimulation operation of an oil reservoir was built a tubular viscometer to determine the rheological properties of a hydraulic fracturing fluid (HPGUAR). This test rig included a system to prepare the hydraulic fracturing fluid. The experimental results were modelled according to two types of constitutive equations: the Ostwald Model one, widely used in the Petroleum Engineers field, and the Bingham Model one. An evaluation of the experimental results suggests that the Bingham Model should be more adequate than the other one, specifically when it shows the contribuition from the viscous friction and from the plastic viscosity independently, in the determination of the rheological properties of the HPGUAR. More detailed investigations must be carried out, although they should be very usefull in better explaning the differeces obtained among several investigators.
al-Najafi, Falah. "Dynamic fluid loss characteristics of linear fracturing gels and associated permeability impairment." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/862.
Full textGehne, Stephan. "A laboratory study of fluid-driven tensile fracturing in anisotropic rocks." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-laboratory-study-of-fluiddriven-tensile-fracturing-in-anisotropic-rocks(ba904551-8672-4db8-8e90-56cf03c76a26).html.
Full textAlseamr, Nisreen. "A Theoretical Simulation of the Settling of Proppants in a Hydraulic Fracturing Process." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4272.
Full textFletcher, Sarah Marie. "Risk assessment of groundwater contamination from hydraulic fracturing fluid spills in Pennsylvania." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72885.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-115).
Fast-paced growth in natural gas production in the Marcellus Shale has fueled intense debate over the risk of groundwater contamination from hydraulic fracturing and the shale gas extraction process at large. While several notable incidents of groundwater contamination near shale gas wells have been investigated, the exact causes are uncertain and widely disputed. One of the most frequently occurring and widely reported environmental incidents from shale gas development is that of surface spills. Several million gallons of fluid are managed on each well site; significant risk for spill exists at several stages in the extraction process. While surface spills have been primarily analyzed from the perspective of surface water contamination, spills also have the potential to infiltrate groundwater aquifers. This thesis develops a risk assessment framework to analyze the risk of groundwater resource contamination in Pennsylvania from surface spills of hydraulic fracturing fluid. It first identifies the major sources of spills and characterizes the expected frequency and volume distribution of spills from these sources using results from a preliminary expert elicitation. It then develops a stochastic groundwater contaminant transport model to analyze the worst-case potential for groundwater contamination in local water wells. Finally, it discusses the range of risk perception and incentives from a wide-ranging stakeholder base, including industry, communities, environmentalists, and government. This thesis concludes that while the vast majority of shale gas operations do not result in large spills, the worst-case potential for groundwater contamination is high enough to warrant further attention; it also recommends increased inclusion of community stakeholders in both industry and government risk management strategies.
by Sarah Marie Fletcher.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Sousani, Marina. "Modeling of hydraulic fracturing in rocks : a multiscale and fluid-solid coupling approach." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9607/.
Full textBennour, Ziad. "Effect of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Viscosity on Stimulated Reservoir Volume for Shale Gas Recovery." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225563.
Full textTurkaya, Semih. "Understanding the evolution of channeling and fracturing in tight rocks due to fast fluid flow." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH021/document.
Full textFluid induced brittle deformation of porous medium is a phenomenon commonly present in everyday life. From an espresso machine to volcanoes it is possible to see traces of this phenomenon. In a rectangular Hele‐Shaw cell we inject air into a loose porous medium. Then, we monitor this system using optical imaging using a high speed camera (1000 fps) and 4 high frequency resolution accelerometers. Using the numerical and experimental acoustic emissions, different sources of the recorded signal (vibrations due to air, changes in the effective stress due to fluid‐solid interactions) are analyzed. We found that, the peaks in the low frequency range (f < 20 kHz) diminishes while the medium fractures. Furthermore, we propose a new signal localization method based on energy amplitude attenuation and inversed source amplitude comparison. Furthermore, using optical and acoustic datasets and numerical simulations, the mechanics leading Type‐A and Type‐B earthquakes are explained
Cornejo, Velázquez Alejandro. "A fully Lagrangian formulation for fluid-structure interaction between free-surface flows and multi-fracturing solids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670376.
Full textEs bien sabido que en ingeniería civil las estructuras se diseñan para que permanezcan, siempre que sea posible, en régimen elástico y con sus propiedades mecánicas intactas. Lo cierto es que en realidad existen incertidumbres tanto en la ejecución de la obra (errores geométricos o de calidad de los materiales) como en su posterior utilización (cargas no contempladas o cuyo valor y/o punto de aplicación se ha estimado incorrectamente) que pueden conllevar al colapso de la estructura. Por ello, el estudio del fallo de las estructuras es inherentemente interesante y, una vez conocido, se puede mejorar el diseño de la misma para que sea lo menos catastrófico posible o para que disipe la máxima energía antes del colapso y aumentar así su ductilidad y seguridad. Otra área de aplicación de la mecánica de la fractura es la de los procesos cuyo interés radica en la rotura o la fisuración de un medio. Dentro de la ingeniería de minas podemos enumerar varios procesos de esta naturaleza, a saber: procesos de fractura hidráulica o fracking, voladuras para excavación de túneles, explosión de taludes en minas a cielo abierto, entre otros. Igualmente relevante es el análisis de los fallos estructurales debidos a desastres naturales, como grandes avenidas o incluso tsunamis que impactan en estructuras de protección como muros o diques. En este ámbito se han realizado numerosas implementaciones y estudios en relación con los procesos mencionados. Dicho esto, el objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar un método numérico avanzado, cuyo enfoque general puede verse en diversas publicaciones realizadas por el autor y los directores de esta tesis, capaz de simular procesos de multifractura en materiales y estructuras cubriendo así el máximo espectro de aplicaciones de ingeniería posible. Para ello se emplea una formulación acoplada del Método de los Elementos Finitos (FEM) y del Método de los Elementos Discretos (DEM), que internamente incluye un modelo constitutivo de daño isótropo para simular la degradación irrecuperable del material. Una vez agotada la energía de deformación disponible de algunos elementos finitos (FE), se eliminan de la malla FEM y se genera un conjunto de elementos discretos (DE) en los nodos del mismo. Los DE generados, además de asegurar la conservación de la masa del sistema, evitan la indentación entre los planos de la fisura gracias a las fuerzas friccionales de repulsión calculadas por el DEM, si las hubiere. En esta tesis se ha estudiado cómo el método acoplado propuesto denominado FEM-DEM junto con el suavizado de tensiones basado en el super-convergent patch es capaz de obtener resultados razonablemente independientes de la malla pero, como se puede imaginar, el ancho de la fisura está directamente relacionado con el tamaño de los elementos finitos que se han eliminado. Esto propicia la inclusión de una técnica de remallado adaptativo que refinará la malla donde se requiera (según la matriz Hessiana de un indicador nodal) mejorando así la calidad de discretización de la fisura obtenida y optimizando el coste computacional de la simulación. En este sentido, se discutirán los procedimientos de mapeo de las variables nodales e internas, así como el cálculo de la variable nodal de interés. En lo que respecta al estudio de los desastres naturales, especialmente los relacionados con flujos de agua de superficie libre como los tsunamis, se ha implementado un nivel más de acoplamiento entre el mencionado método FEM-DEM y una formulación de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD) comúnmente conocida como Método de Elementos Finitos y Partículas (PFEM). Con esta formulación fuertemente acoplada, se han simulado diversos casos de impactos de olas contra estructuras sólidas como muros y diques, entre otros.
Kobchenko, Maya. "Fracturation durant la production interne de fluides dans les roches : application à la migration primaire d'hydrocarbures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU035/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the experimental work and the results on fracturing of rock samples and analogue materials due to internal fluid generation during chemical reaction. The first two papers concentrate on time-resolved 3D X-ray imaging experiment on organic-rich shale samples. Paper 1 describes fracture formation due to hydrocarbon generation in the shale induced by organic matter decomposition during heating. Paper 2 gives an overview of the experimental procedure and image analysis workflow, which were used to obtain results presented in the first paper. The other two papers are focused on fracturing of gelatin mixed with yeast and sugar, which generates CO2. Paper 3 describes the mechanism of fracture network formation during draining of CO2 out of a gelatine layer. Paper 4 focuses on the temporal evolution of the drainage network and the mechanism of fracture opening and closing. The last paper presents a study in which X-ray microtomography was used to characterize porosity distribution in weathered andesite samples. The scientific methods developed in this project have potential application in studying dehydration of sediments, formation of mud volcanoes, methane hydrate exploration and assessment, geological sequestration of carbon dioxide CO2 and hydraulic fracturing of unconventional reservoirs
SANTOS, PAULO ROBERTO DA FONSECA. "EVALUATING CHARACTERISTICS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC FILTRATION OF A FLUID USED IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING AT ROOM TEMPERATURE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1989. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33262@1.
Full textThis research intended to study the characteristcs of dynamic and static leakoff of a fluid in hydraulic fracturing at room temperature. A test apparatus was designed, constructed and metrologically qualified in order to carry out dynamic and stactic leakoff test. Leakoffs with a Newtonian fluid (water) and with a non-Newtonian one (HPGUAR-BO lbm/1000 gal) were performed.
Chen, Zipeng. "A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Approach for Modelling Meso-scale Fluid–Fracture Interaction." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28188.
Full textBonson, Christopher G. "Fracturing, fluid processes and mineralisation in the Cretaceous continental magmatic arc of Northern Chile (25°15'-27°15'S)." Thesis, Kingston University, 1998. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20612/.
Full textWong, John Kam-wing. "Three-dimensional multi-scale hydraulic fracturing simulation in heterogeneous material using Dual Lattice Model." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270542.
Full textMontague, James. "Assessing The Probability Of Fluid Migration Caused By Hydraulic Fracturing; And Investigating Flow And Transport In Porous Media Using Mri." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/793.
Full textWang, Yilin. "Simulation of fracture fluid cleanup and its effect on long-term recovery in tight gas reservoirs." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3222.
Full textLiu, Yong [Verfasser], Mohd [Akademischer Betreuer] Amro, Mohd [Gutachter] Amro, Heinz [Gutachter] Konietzky, and Xiaoxi [Gutachter] Zhang. "Optimization of fracturing fluid to increase shale gas production / Yong Liu ; Gutachter: Mohd Amro, Heinz Konietzky, Xiaoxi Zhang ; Betreuer: Mohd Amro." Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226111254/34.
Full textKhadraoui, Sofiane. "Analyse des impacts environnementaux liés à l'exploitation des réservoirs non conventionnels." Thesis, Pau, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03969353.
Full textThe objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental impacts related to hydraulic fracturing operations by studying the adsorption mechanisms of chemicals additives used in fracturing fluids and to predict the evolution of these additives injected in large quantities into the shale. Based on the results obtained, it appears that bentonite has a high adsorption capacity of xanthan additive compared to other minerals contained in the shale. The three-model matrices bentonite, calcite and kaolinite have the same adsorption capacity of sp breaker additive. It also appears that xanthan is a biodegradable product, unlike sp breaker, which is a non-biodegradable product, requiring other treatment methods other than the biological method. These two results allowed us to conclude that Bentonite can be used as an adsorbent for the treatment of return water for the elimination of the two products (xanthan and sp breaker), both of which are present in significant quantities in the return water (flow back) and present a fairly significant environmental problem. The results obtained by the rheology studies showed that the gelling agent (xanthan) has a high viscosity when applied under low shear stress and a low viscosity when applied under high shear stress. This shear stress tends to increase for the samples conserved for 24 hours and needs more energy to be injected into the shale. The water-gelling agent mixture behaves like a rheofluidifying fluid with a critical flow stress and flow is only observed when the applied shear stress is above this critical value. In addition, analytical, numerical and experimental hydraulic fracturing tests carried out in the laboratory on a number of cylindrical samples of synthesized PMMA showed that the flow rate and the initial crack size has more impact than viscosity on breakdown pressure. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the analytical and numerical models compared to the experimental results. The results of the numerical simulation study are nearly the same as the experimental (real) results compared to the analytical study, because the analytical study only takes into account the depth of the crack, but the numerical simulation, which considers the shape of the semi-elliptical crack (half-length and depth). Key Words: shale, fracturing fluid, source rock, PMMA
Zeng, Lingping. "Fluid-Shale Geochemical Characterization and Its Relation to Geomechanics: Implications for Low Recovery of Flowback Water during Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Reservoirs." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/83826.
Full textEvans, Morgan Volker. "Microbial transformations of organic chemicals in produced fluid from hydraulically fractured natural-gas wells." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555609276432456.
Full textLefort, Vincent. "Un modèle lattice pour simuler la propagation de fissures sous l’effet d’une injection de fluide dans un milieu hétérogène quasi-fragile." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3011/document.
Full textThis research study aims at developing a lattice-type numerical model allowing the simulation of crack propagation under fluid injection in a quasi-brittle heterogeneous medium. This numerical tool will be used to get a better understanding of initiation and propagation conditions of cracks in rock materials presenting natural joints where the coupling between mechanical damage and fluid transfer properties are at stake. If the final goal of the study does concern natural rocks, the model has been validated by different comparisons with experimental results obtained on cementitious materials mimicking natural rocks in term of mechanical and transport behaviours but presenting heterogeneities which are better controlled. The first part of the manuscript presents a general state of the art. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials where a significant fracture process zone is evolving upon failure. Only the solid phase is studied here and a statistical tool based on Ripley’s functions is adapted in order to extract a characteristic length representative of the correlations appearing between a set of point undergoing mechanical damage. This tool is then used in the context of numerical and experimental fracture tests on 3 point bending concrete beams. The results show that the lattice-type numerical model is able to capture the global fracture process – in term of force vs. crack opening mouth displacement – but also the local fracture process – in term of dissipated energy and correlation length evolution between damage points. Moreover, this statistical tool shows how the solicitation mode may influence the development of damage within a structure. The third part presents a new elasto-plastic damage constitutive law for joint modelling. The originality of the model lies in the coupling between mechanical damage under normal strain and plasticity under tangential strain. This new constitutive law is able to reproduce indirect shear experimental tests performed on mortar specimens presenting a plaster joint where a classical Mohr-Coulomb criterion fails. The fourth part is dedicated to the representation of the full hydro-mechanical coupling within the lattice-type numerical model. The hydro-mechanical coupling is introduced through a poromechanical framework based on the intrinsic and dual hydro-mechanical description of the lattice model, which is based on a "hydraulic" Voronoï tessellation and a "mechanical" Delaunay triangulation. The total stress links the mechanical stress and the pore pressure through the Biot coefficient of the medium whereas the local permeability, which drives the hydraulic pressure gradient, depends on the local crack openings. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions from the literature for "bi-wings" shape cracks and it is shown that both approaches present similar results for a perfect straight crack. Once the lattice-model has been successfully validated within the former parts of the manuscript, its fifth and last part is dedicated to the numerical simulation of the fully hydro-mechanical coupling problem of a free crack propagation due to fluid injection and its interaction with a natural joint in an heterogeneous rock medium. Different crack paths, which are not pre-meshed a priori, and different pressure profiles are obtained and compared for different joint inclinations. Finally, our statistical tool, which has been primarily developed for the analysis of the failure behaviour of the solid phase, is used to characterise the evolution of correlation lengths between points undergoing damage upon the crack propagation and its interaction with a natural joint. It is shown that the hydro-mechanical lattice model is able to represent different mechanism of crack stop and restart from a joint depending on its inclination
Lary, Brent Alexander. "Utilizing noble gases to identify hydraulic fracturing “sweet spots” and evaluate the occurrence of carbon isotopic reversals of hydrocarbons within the Northern Appalachian Basin." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu15924000841796.
Full textTouboul, Eric. "Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle d'un problème de fracturation hydraulique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECDL0004.
Full textSoerensen, Dennis Dam. "Optimization and Analysis of The Total Cavo-Pulmonary Connection." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10444.
Full textImbert, Tony. "Caractérisation de la rigidité diélectrique de fluides et d'une roche en fonction de leur conductivité, de la température et de la pression." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3036.
Full textThe global energy emergency requires more energy-efficient systems. In addition, it is necessary to make an energy transition to technologies that emit less greenhouse gases. For these reasons, pulse power technologies will have a role to play in tomorrow’s energy mix.Many resources are located below the surface of our planet (water, gas, fossil fuels, precious minerals, geothermal energy...). In addition, the urbanization of our cities with the development of means of transport, wastewater treatment, electricity and heat networks pushes us to exploit the underground space. For this operation, the implementation of industrial methods is inevitable in allowing a fast, energy-efficient and low-cost production. However, current methods of crushing, fracturing or drilling encounter a low production rate when processing hard and abrasive rocks. The fracturing method called electric fracturing could be an alternative method. This method uses electrical discharges in fluids to crush rocks.The purpose of this thesis is to establish an experimental database for understanding, predicting and optimizing the process. In particular, the influence of all parameters related to both the properties of the medium (temperature, conductivity and pressure) and the characteristics of the electrical circuit on the insulators dielectric strength tested must be studied. Particular attention is paid to controlling the phenomenology of the landfill under these experimental conditions.In this manuscript, electrical discharges are characterized on the basis of experimental tests that are interpreted through theoretical studies and numerical simulations. First, the minimum voltage required to initiate an arc is determined by the U50 method and its associated energy consumption is calculated. These tests are performed both according to the internal parameters of the pulse system (stored energy, supply voltage and electrode geometry) and also according to external parameters (conductivity, pressure and temperature of the medium). In a second step, the electric field threshold that allows to change the breakdown mode is determined according to the parameters external to the pulse system. This transition from subsonic to supersonic mode is determined from the propagation time of the electrical discharge and the energy consumption during the pre-arc phase. The conditions leading to the initiation of the electric arc in fluids or rocks are compared. Particular attention is paid to the arc resistance and maximum current that define the power transmitted in the medium
Romanó, James Luigi. "Modelo numérico para determinação de zonas de perda de circulação de fluido de perfuração em poços de petróleo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2631.
Full textDuring oil drilling operations, the wellbore temperature profile is used when selecting well casing materials, making cementation related decisions, and, most importantly, to identify loss zones. In this work, a transient heat transfer mathematical model for a fractured wellbore is proposed. The well has its geometry simplified to a concentric annular cylinder which has one or more discrete fracture in its external wall (wellformation interface). In order to obtain the thermal model an energy balance is used, focusing the heat transfer between the pipe, the annular region and the formation. The key characteristic of the model is the fracture detection through thermal gradient graphical analysis. The thermal gradient is an output of the solution of the discretized energy equation in the domains, obtained through the finite volume method. The following parameters are investigated: fracture depth, fracture number, fracture interference, loss circulation, circulation time, Reynolds number and drilling fluid viscosity. The analysis is done through the analysis of the annular region temperature profile and its gradient, along with the thermal evolution of both the bottomhole and outlet temperatures. It is verified that increasing the fracture relative depth or number decreases the bottomhole temperature, while having no significant impact in the outlet temperature. The same bottomhole temperature effect is noted when increasing loss rate, however outlet temperature changes are observed. In a similar way, when decreasing the distance between fractures, the temperature profile in the annular region trends to a wellbore with a single fracture. Finally, increasing loss rate favors fracture detection, since the discontinuity in the annular region thermal gradient profile is intensified.
SÁ, BESERRA Leila Brunet de. "Análise hidromecânica do fraturamento hidráulico via elementos finitos com descontinuidades fortes incorporadas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18305.
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CNPq
O fraturamento hidráulico é uma técnica amplamente utilizada pela engenharia de petróleo principalmente para aumentar o índice de produtividade ou injetividade dos poços. Essa técnica consiste na injeção de um fluido penetrante na formação, sob uma pressão suficientemente alta para causar a ruptura da rocha, iniciando assim uma fratura que se converte em um canal de alta permeabilidade e facilita o escoamento de hidrocarbonetos. A técnica de fraturamento hidráulico tem sido responsável pela viabilização econômica de muitos campos petrolíferos em todo o mundo e a compreensão dos mecanismos que determinam o fraturamento, bem como a busca de métodos que permitam prever a geometria da fratura induzida e também determinar a pressão de injeção de fluidos necessária para que o fraturamento ocorra, são de fundamental importância para estabelecer um melhor projeto de explotação desses campos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver uma nova metodologia para simular numericamente, de maneira robusta, estável e eficiente, o problema de fraturamento hidráulico em formações rochosas de baixa permeabilidade pelo método dos elementos finitos, usando a aproximação contínua de descontinuidades fortes. Além de propor uma formulação que incorpora o efeito de descontinuidades permeáveis ou impermeáveis no problema de fluxo em meios porosos. A técnica de descontinuidades fortes incorporadas se mostrou eficiente, em relação ao custo computacional, para simular o fraturamento, uma vez que permite discretizar o domínio do problema com malhas relativamente grosseiras e, ainda assim, capturar, adequadamente, o efeito de uma descontinuidade de espessura muito menor do que o tamanho dos elementos da malha. A metodologia desenvolvida neste trabalho foi capaz de simular adequadamente o problema de fraturamento hidráulico em meios contínuos ou em formações rochosas com fraturas naturais preexistentes. E os resultados obtidos contribuem para o melhor entendimento do mecanismo de fraturamento em formações rochosas e a influência dos vários fatores envolvidos no processo.
Hydraulic fracturing is a widely used technique in the petroleum engineering for the generation of a high conductivity channel in the rock formation, increasing the productivity or injectivity index of wells. This technique consists of injecting a fracturing fluid in the rock formation, under a high enough pressure to induce the rock failure. Once started, the fracture is converted into a high permeability channel for the flow of hydrocarbons. The hydraulic fracturing has been in charge of the economic feasibility of many oil fields around the world and understanding the mechanism that determine the fracturing as well as the search for methods to predict the geometry of the induced fracture and also determine the fluid pressure required for the fracturing to occur, are crucial to establish a better exploitation design for these oil fields. The main purpose of this work is to develop a new methodology to numerically simulate, in a robust, stable and efficient way, the hydraulic fracturing problem in low permeability rock formations using the strong discontinuity approach. In addition, it also proposes a formulation that embeds the effect of a permeable or impermeable discontinuity for the fluid flow into the finite element. The technique of embedded strong discontinuities has been proved to be an efficient manner to simulate the fracturing problem, since it allows to discretize the problem domain with relatively coarse meshes and capture, properly, the effect of a discontinuity much thinner than the size of the element. The methodology developed in this work was able to properly simulate the hydraulic fracturing problem in a continuous media or in reservoirs crossed by natural fractures. The results obtained have contributed to a better understanding of the fracturing mechanism in rocks and the influence of the numerous involver factors.
Zanella, Alain. "Surpression de fluides et fracturation de roches mères en différents contextes tectoniques : modélisation analogique et exemples de terrain." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980281.
Full textLoiseau, Philippe. "Etude structurale et geostatistique des gneiss de la region du cezallier : modelisation tridimensionnelle de reseaux de fractures, application a l'ecoulement des fluides." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2055.
Full textCrognier, Nemo. "Evolution thermique, circulation de fluide et fracturation associées à la structuration du bassin d’avant-pays sud-pyrénéen." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3030/document.
Full textThe Jaca basin (Spanish Pyrenees) is a classical example of a foreland basin, where the sedimentary filling and the calendar of thrust activation have been extensively studied. It remains to understand the paleohydrology and the thermal history of the basin, so as to provide a fluid flow model related to its formation and deformation (Paleoecene-Oligocene). To do this, this work proposes to analyze the distribution of fracturing, to study the conditions of formation of syn-tectonic veins and to characterize the maturity of organic matter throughout the Jaca foreland basin, from hinterland to external areas.Petrographical, geochemical and microthermometric analysis of veins show that the vast majority of mineralizing fluids are at the isotopic and thermal equilibrium with the host-rock. In detail, we identified two main events of vein precipitation in the inner part of the basin (Sierras Interiores), probably related to major basement thrust activations. We suggest that fluids flow along decollement levels and are expelled over short distances (<10 km), through fracture networks towards the foreland basin. The other part of the basin mainly record local fluids, sometimes associated with the infiltration of meteoric water. Analysis of burial temperatures (50 °C to 250 °C), which includes Δ47 data, shows a relatively homogeneous N-S organization from the Sierras Interiores (gas window) to Sierras Exteriores (immature), with strong longitudinal anomalies. Thermal 1D modelling of 9 virtual wells suggest that the maximum temperatures of Sierras Interiores result from sedimentary accumulation, whose a large amount is now eroded. We propose that this eroded thickness corresponds to late-orogenic conglomeratic deposits near the axial zone. The data suggest an inhomogeneous distribution of the deposits along an E-W axis, involving more complex sedimentary transfers than usually discussed. Given our results and previous studies, the paleohydrological and thermal model of the Jaca basin, and on a larger scale, of the South Pyrenean fold and thrust belt, is compartmentalized both in space and in time, in response to the propagation of and oblique deformational front, which controls the opening of the system. The paleohydrological and thermal model of the South Pyrenean fold and thrust belt is therefore a potential analogue to fold and thrust belt including shortening due to an oblique convergence
Ndongo, Alexis. "Contexte sédimentologique et tectonique du bassin paléoprotérozoïque de Franceville (Gabon) : structures de surpression fluide, bitumes et minéralisation uranium." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS068/document.
Full textMetallogenic deposits within paleproterozoic basins depend on generation and migration of fluids. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of tectonic, sedimentological and diagenetic setting of the uranium deposits in the Franceville basin and to characterize hydraulic fracturing impact on fluid migration processes in sandstone reservoirs.Tectonic study define the N180-170° transfer faults, associated with Archean tectonic and the N110-120° longitudinal normal faults. These two fault directions split the Franceville basin into small sub-basins. The longitudinal normal faults are associated with footwall anticlines and hanging wall synclines. The uranium deposits of Franceville basin are located in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults.Sedimentological analysis allows to describe four depositional environments: Fluvial (lower FA), deltaic (middle FA), tidal (upper FA), and open marine environments (FB). Facies distribution in the FA-FB transition promotes the establishment of permeability barriers. These latter are responsible of the increase in fluid pressure and of the formation of fluid pressure structures (dykes, stylolites, quartz veins), in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults. Increase in fluid pressure allows the migration of uranium-fluids, and hydrocarbon from the deep basin to the footwall anticline. Hydraulic fracturing processes lead the precipitation of uranium mineralization, associated with bitumen, in microfractures
Leclere, Bruno. "Endommagement induit par cristallisation dans les conditions de réservoirs géologiques." Thesis, Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3004.
Full textVeins in geological reservoir settings are mineral-filled fractured long being associ- ated with the model of ‘crack seal’. However, some veins exhibit features that do not match with the model of ‘crack seal’ but would better fit with a ‘seal-crack’ model driven by the concept of crystallisation pressure. From this, two main experimental tests are conducted. We start with an experiment of counter diffusion to precipitate a barite front in an oolite limestone, the Lavoux limestone, and a sandstone with a shale fraction, the Adamswiller sandstone. The reacted samples are analysed via 3D X-ray microtomography, microscopy and SEM-EDS microanalysis. Although we do not ob- serve damage, we show that barite nucleation and crystallisation is linked to the pore distribution and the matrix mineral. In particular, barium interacts with clay min- erals like the smectite-chlorite complex. Ultimately, this interaction may expand the complex basal space when barite precipitates. Then salt studies for the understanding of damage induced on cultural heritage are the starting point of a new protocol with Na2SO4 and MgSO4 to be tested under isotropic confining pressure inside a triaxial cell (ENS Paris). It consists of precipitating an anhydrous salt layer in an Adamswiller sandstone. Later the anhydrous salt layer is rewetted to precipitate a more hydrated salt phase. The damage is monitored at a confining pressure up to 27 MPa with acous- tic emission, elastic wave propagation, strain gauges and 3D X-ray microtomography. These experiments emphasize the competition between salt cementation of the porous medium and salt crystallisation induced damage. The last point is confirmed by the ef- fective modeling of the elastic properties of a porous medium impregnated with sodium sulphate when it is rewetted without confining pressure
Ribeiro, Lionel Herve Noel. "Multi-phase fluid-loss properties and return permeability of energized fracturing fluids." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5443.
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Al, Tammar Murtadha Jawad. "Production performance evaluation of energized fracturing fluids in unconventional formations." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28299.
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Ribeiro, Lionel Herve Noel. "Development of a three-dimensional compositional hydraulic fracturing simulator for energized fluids." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22805.
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Warner, Nathaniel Richard. "Tracing hydraulic fracturing fluids and formation brines using boron, radium, and strontium isotopes." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8039.
Full textProduction of oil and gas from unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as impermeable organic-rich shale formations was made possible through the use of horizontal drilling and high volume slick water hydraulic fracturing (HVHF). This combination of technologies has changed the energy landscape in the Unites States and possibly provided a vast new energy source from multiple sedimentary basins in the United States (Kargbo et al., 2010; Kerr, 2010) (Figure 1). HVHF requires large volumes of water (~5 million gallons/well) (Lutz et al., 2013) injected under high pressure to stimulate methane release from the fracture systems in the shale formations. The process is conducted within low-permeability formations, which include organic-rich shale rocks that are often the source rock for overlying conventional oil and gas reservoirs but do not easily transport gas to the well bore without stimulation. Once the permeability of the target formation is increased to a level that oil and gas can be recovered, pressure is released and 20-30% of the fluid that was injected flows back up to the surface through the well (Lutz et al., 2013). The remaining 70% stays underground, either lost to adjacent formations or imbed within the formation itself.
While HVHF operations rapidly expanded in many shale plays (e.g., Marcellus, Fayetteville), the possible negative environmental impacts remained un-quantified but a debated topic (Howarth et al., 2011). This dissertation focuses on quantification and evaluation of several water resources for evidence of contamination from HVHF. My hypotheses are: (1) HVHF have distinctive chemical and isotopic fingerprints that are different from other potential contamination sources; and (2) these fingerprints could be identified in aquifers and surface water systems.
I tested these hypotheses in two shallow drinking water aquifers overlying current unconventional gas development, northeastern Pennsylvania and north-central Arkansas, and one area of surface water disposal in western Pennsylvania. I used specific geochemical (Br, Cl, SO4, Na, Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, B, and Li) and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, 2H/H, 18O/16O, δ11B, and 228Ra/ 226Ra) tracers to characterize the target-formation brines and delineate possible contamination. The combined geochemical fingerprint distinguished hydraulic fracturing fluids and brines from other types of contamination that could influence water quality (e.g., road salt, sewage, acid mine drainage).
In Pennsylvania (Chapter 1), geochemical and isotopic data shows no direct evidence of contamination in shallow drinking-water aquifers associated with natural gas extraction of the Marcellus Formation. The data instead demonstrated that brine with the same geochemical (Br/Cl, Sr/Cl, and Ba/Cl) and isotopic fingerprint (87Sr/86Sr) of the Marcellus brine was likely naturally present in the shallow formations prior to the most recent oil and gas development. The data indicates that there may be areas in northeastern Pennsylvania that may be at increased risk of contamination from HVHF because of the presence of natural pathways that connect the shallow drinking water aquifers with deeper formations. This Chapter was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in July 2012.
A very different result was observed in Arkansas (Chapter 2). While the shallow groundwater data indicated that there was no direct evidence of contamination, there was also no indication of hydrodynamic connections between the deeper formation brine and the shallow aquifers. Indeed 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B, 18O, and 2H values exclude Fayetteville Formation water as a source of salinity in shallow aquifers in the study area. The combined studies indicate that site and basin-specific studies of groundwater quality are necessary in order to evaluate the potential for contamination from HVHF. The Chapter was published in Applied Geochemistry in May 2013.
Surface water disposal of hydraulic fracturing fluids and brines (Chapter 3) clearly impacted western Pennsylvania sediment and water quality. Sediments in the stream at the point of effluent discharge from a treatment facility indicate radium activities 200 times higher than any background values. The 228Ra/226Ra ratios in the sediments also indicate that the source of contamination is likely the recent treatment and disposal of Marcellus brine. Impacts were also observed farther downstream. The concentrations of bromide and chloride in the effluent were so high that an increase in the concentrations measured in the stream was elevated almost two kilometers downstream. Chapter 3 was submitted to Environmental Science and Technology in May 2013.
Overall, this thesis aims to establish inorganic geochemical and isotopic tools for identification of hydraulic fracturing fluids in the environment and assess their possible impact on both surface and groundwater resources.
Dissertation
Friehauf, Kyle Eugene. "Simulation and design of energized hydraulic fractures." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6644.
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Correa, Castro Juan. "Evaluation and Effect of Fracturing Fluids on Fracture Conductivity in Tight Gas Reservoirs Using Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9106.
Full textAwoleke, Obadare O. "Dynamic Fracture Conductivity—An Experimental Investigation Based on Factorial Analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149287.
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