To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fractures.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fractures'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Fractures.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Fatahi, Hassan. "Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Interacted with Natural Fractures." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/51882.
Full textAbstract:
This study developed an advance understanding of the mechanisms of hydraulic fracture initiation, propagation, and natural fractures interaction based-on thorough investigation of effects of various parameters associated with hydraulic and natural fractures through numerical modelling, simulation and laboratory experiments. Thesis progressively demonstrates different steps of the development of numerical modelling, simulation and experimental validation. Factors influencing the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fracture, and natural fractures interactions are thoroughly discussed based upon comprehensive sensitivity studies.
2
Hastings, Elizabeth. "FRACTURES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3136.
Full textAbstract:
A stoplight at night. A dim bedroom. The smell of smoke and loss in summer. In winter, the crackle of snow underfoot, the city cold as a lavender planet. These are the settings within Fractures, and it is to these backdrops that the conflicts of the poems' speakers bare themselves. In the glow of these places, the truth of fractures, the gaps and slivers within us all, are illuminated. Below the visible wholeness of life lies a masked truth, the truth of a world that exists as a collection of fragments, of lives, of stories that connect, intersect, and sometimes overlap to create the tapestry of life as we know it. Each of us, in our own way, is fractured: in our minds, bodies, families, or relationships. And yet we live with these breakages, embrace them, even, because these splinters--personalities, moments, obstacles--are what make us whole. Fractures is a collection of poems that examines these pieces that characterize human life. The events and speakers in this manuscript are fictional, yet, like all fiction, they reflect some remnants of reality, some recognizable truths of ourselves stitched throughout. Each section of the collection can be viewed as a separate fracture, and each poem may also be a fracture. Some poems are broken even further: within stanzas, within lines, sometimes within the mind of the speaker. The poems do not tell a linear story, but rather tell bits of stories that often overlap. These narrative gaps too are indicative of a fracture as they mirror the disconnect, both physical and emotional, that frequently occurs in the stories of one's life. The sections of Fractures address different topics, ranging from loss to love to self destruction. The speakers are linked by a sense of searching, a self-awareness of being splintered, and, as one poem states, of recognizing a "hunger" for something more. One has lost a dear friend; another destroys her body in a quest for beauty. Some reflect on their families. Others mourn for lovers past, while one clings to a fleeting moment of love in its perfection. Just as the body suffers its broken bones that heal with time, so too these speakers suffer rifts that mend but are not forgotten. In this way, Fractures is a dissection, an X-ray of its speakers, each break a lit scar, fluorescent on the page.M.F.A.
Department of English
Arts and Humanities
Creative Writing MFA
3
Loutzenheiser, Max J. "Fractures." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1463053698.
Full text
4
Flinkkilä, T. (Tapio). "Intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427296X.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Although nonoperative treatment is recognized as an effective treatment method for humeral shaft fractures, it is associated with an approximately 10% risk of nonunion and long-term impairments of the shoulder joint. There is a growing interest to treat even simple humeral shaft fractures operatively to avoid these problems. Intramedullary (IM) nailing has proven to be very effective in the treatment of femoral and tibial shaft fractures and the same method has been adopted for humeral shaft fractures. However, the results regarding union rate and shoulder joint function after antegrade insertion of an IM nail have been very controversial.
The purpose of this study was to investigate fracture union, shoulder joint function and symptoms after antegrade IM nailing of humeral shaft fractures, to assess safety and results of IM nailing in pathological fractures, to evaluate the efficacy of exchange nailing and Ilizarov's technique in the treatment of nonunion after IM nailing and to find out, by comparing shoulder joint symptoms and function after antegrade IM nailing and dynamic compression (DC) plate fixation, whether antegrade access to the medullary cavity is the main reason behind shoulder joint problems.
During the years 1987-1997, 126 humeral shaft fractures were operated upon in Oulu University Hospital using antegrade IM nailing. The nonunion rate was 22% and distraction of the fracture fragments was the most important risk factor associated with nonunion. The reoperation rate, for various reasons, was 25%. Shoulder joint pain and impairment of function was present in 37% of the patients. In the treatment of 18 pathological fractures IM nailing was a rapid and safe operation, associated with good pain relief.
Exchange nailing of 13 cases of nonunion after IM nailing resulted in a union rate of 47% and this method is not useful in the humerus in contrast to tibial and femoral fractures. Permanent nonunion leaves the patient with severe impairment of the shoulder joint and a loose nail may lead to severe osteolysis of cortical bone. In complicated nonunion with poor bone quality, Ilizarov's technique, although associated with a high rate of minor complications and reoperations, worked well.
When IM nailing was compared with DC plating it was found that there were no significant differences in shoulder pain, function scores, range-of-motion and strength. Antegrade insertion of the nail, if carried out properly, is probably not the main reason for shoulder joint impairment after IM nailing.
Antegrade IM nailing of humeral shaft fractures is associated with several problems, e.g. shoulder joint impairment and difficulties in reconstruction after nonunion, and indications for this method may be exceptional, such as comminuted and pathological fractures.
5
何柏康 and Pak-hong Henry Ho. "A new implant for distal radius fracture fixation: from design to testing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226061.
Full text
6
Jrad, Rami. "Etude rétrospective d'un an de fractures des membres chez les enfants de moins de seize ans au C. H. G. De Perpignan." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11024.
Full text
7
Aird, J. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus and open fractures : is wound or fracture healing affected in surgically stabilised open fractures? : a prospective study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1343913/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: 33 million people worldwide are infected with HIV, a complex disease that affects many of the processes involved in wound and fracture healing. There is little evidence available to guide acute management of open fractures in these patients and fears of acute and delayed sepsis often inhibit the use of surgical fixation, which may be the most effective way of achieving union. This study addresses the hypothesis that the presence of either HIV or advanced HIV (CD4 count <=350) leads to an increased risk of complications in patients with open fractures treated with surgical stabilization. South Africa has one of the highest rates of both HIV and high energy trauma in the world, so was deemed an appropriate place for the study of this interaction. Methods: This prospective observational study compared surgical fixation of open fractures in HIV positive and negative patients. 133 patients with 135 open fractures fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 86 fractures were in HIV negative and 33 in HIV positive patients. The remaining 16 patients refused HIV tests. 12 HIV positive patients had advanced disease (CD4 <=350), 14 had early disease (CD4 >350), 7 refused CD4 count testing. This cohort was three times larger (number of HIV positive patients) than any similar previously published study. There was no randomised allocation; the treatment of these patients was based on locally developed protocols and was dependent on; fracture type, location and the grade of wound. Patients were followed up either till union had been achieved or for 6 months in tibia/femur fractures, and 3 months in other fractures. The primary outcome was acute wound infection, secondary outcomes tested were fracture union and pin site sepsis. The analysis of the binary nominal data was done using the Chi squared test. In cases where the expected value was less than 5, then the Fisher’s exact test was used. In the assessment of multiple potential risk factors, binary logistic regression was used. Results: Analysis of background characteristics showed that HIV positive and negative populations were broadly similar with regard to demographics, injury type/location and grade of wound. In the analysis of the primary outcome, the risk of wound infection was marginally higher in patients without HIV (22%) as compared to patients with HIV (15%). This difference was small and did not reach statistical significance (n=135, Risk Ratio 0.7, p value 0.40). However, as hypothesized, the infection risk was higher in patients with advanced HIV (26%), compared to patients with early HIV (5%). The numbers, however, were small and this did not reach statistical significance (n=33, Risk Ratio=4.8, P value= 0.12). Sub group analyses, conceived prior to the study, provided strong evidence that patients with Gustilo Anderson grade 1 injuries had a higher risk of wound infection in patients with advanced HIV than controls (HIV negative and early HIV) (n=46, Risk Ratio=6.3, P value =0.02). Of note, departmental guidelines meant that patients with grade 1 injury were not prioritised for theatre and had, on average, a delay of 3.5 days to surgery. The average delay was similar in both HIV positive and negative groups. Analysis of the secondary outcome, nonunion, provided strong evidence that the risk of nonunion was higher in HIV positive than HIV negative patients (n=115, Risk Ratio=4.1, P value=0.04). Interestingly, the patients with advanced HIV had a slightly lower nonunion risk (13%) than patients with early HIV (20%). However the numbers were small and the difference was not statistically significant (n=33, Risk Ratio=0.8, P value=1). The incidence of nonunion was not correlated with the presence of wound infection. The risk of mild pin site sepsis in fractures treated with external fixation was similar in both HIV positive (60%) and negative (67%) patients (n=31, Risk Ratio=0.9, P value=1). An increased risk of severe pin site sepsis was noted in patients with advanced HIV (50%), compared to controls (25%). Although the difference is large, the numbers are small and the difference was not statistically significant (n=28, Risk Ratio=2, P value= 0.31). It would require 160 patients to prove a difference of this size. Conclusions: Data from this study appears to dispute the conclusion of previous studies that suggest that all patients with HIV are at higher risk of wound infection, and therefore internal fixation should be considered with caution. In this study it was only the patients with advanced HIV that showed a small increase in the risk of wound infection. Based on this study the author suggests that early HIV should not be a contraindication to either internal or external fixation in open fractures, due to concerns of wound infection. However, advanced HIV should continue to be considered a relative contraindication to internal fixation, until further data becomes available. Since this finding applied equally to grade 1 (Gustilo Anderson) injuries, the data suggests that any theatre delays in patients with advanced HIV may be detrimental to outcomes. This is contrary to published data that suggests that grade 1 injuries do not need to be prioritised. The data provides strong evidence that HIV leads to an increased risk of non unions. Interestingly, the risk of non union is less in patients with advanced HIV. This may fit with recently published laboratory studies suggesting that the absence of lymphocytes is beneficial to bone healing. Based on this evidence the author suggests that in patients with HIV treatment strategies should be aimed at achieving union, rather than on potentially unfounded concerns of preventing infection. In patients treated with external fixation, the data provides weak evidence of an increased risk of severe pin site sepsis in advanced HIV. This observation may be due to an increased susceptibility to infection, or to problems with bone healing in these patients. Based on this evidence, and the evidence that patients with HIV may be at increased risk of non union, the author suggests that HIV positive patients being treated with external fixators, should be considered for treatment strategies that will prolong the life of the pin bone interface. These may include additional pins, wires and/or the use of hydroxyapatite coated half pins.
8
Blackwelder, Reid B. "Wrist Fractures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://www.amzn.com/072168002X.
Full textAbstract:
Book Summary: The New Edition provides the latest, essential information on the symptoms, diseases, treatments, and procedures most commonly encountered in everyday practice. It features step-by-step clinical guidance for more than 320 common diseases and disorders, as well as explicit guidelines for over 60 office procedures. An organ-system organization, extensive alphabetical index, and cross references within the individual chapters make the information easy to find.
9
Blackwelder, Reid B. "Wrist Fractures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1995. https://www.amzn.com/0721651925/.
Full textAbstract:
Book Summary: The 451 chapters in this introductory text are organized by organ system, and provide data on 318 specific diseases and disorders - including their aetiology, symptoms, clinical findings, laboratory tests, differential diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Nearly 60 office procedures are described in detail, with discussions of indications, contraindications, preparation, equipment, anaesthesia, precautions, technique and follow-up. A complete list of procedures and ICD-9 codes is also included.
10
Mdlalose, Lindubuhle. "Immediate versus delayed surgical management of septic mandibular fractures." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4611.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)Aim: The aim of the study was to compare immediate and delayed surgical management of septic mandibular fractures. Introduction: Infected mandible fractures can be treated via diverse protocols. Two recognized protocols are the so-called delayed approached and the immediate approach. In the delayed approach, sepsis is resolved first, followed by surgery. With the immediate approach, the sepsis is first drained, followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the jaw fracture in one continuous surgical procedure. Material and methods: 20 clinical cases where included in the study. Patients were randomly selected and assigned to the two treatment protocol groups. Pain, vital signs, fracture union, fracture stability, surgical time, hospital time, follow-up visits and patients’ demographics were recorded. Results: No statistically significant findings were made in the analysis of the demographic data and clinical parameters relating to the sepsis. The only significant data were related to the surgical time and hospital time. It was found that the advantages of the immediate approach versus the delayed approach related only to shorter surgical time and less days spent in hospital for the immediate approach. Conclusion: Septic mandibular fractures can be managed either by an immediate or a delayed approach. The immediate surgical approach seems to have an advantage over the delayed approach regarding the surgical time and hospital admission days.
11
Bonnard, Olivier. "Les fractures du calcaneum de l'adulte : à propos d'une série de 135 cas : travail du service d'orthopédie traumatologie du professeur Bousquet, CHRU Saint-Etienne." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET6415.
Full text
12
Samsami, Shabnam [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Fracture fixation of complex tibial plateau fractures / Shabnam Samsami ; Betreuer: Peter Müller." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234389134/34.
Full text
13
Mouginot, Rémi. "Fractures d'indentation elastique." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0087.
Full textAbstract:
On etudie le demarrage et la propagation d'une fissure superficielle sous un poincon plan ou spherique. L'integration numerique des contraintes principales de traction le long de la trajectoire de la fissure permet de calculer le facteur intensite de contraintes. La relation utilisee est intermediaire entre celle d'irwin et de sneddon. Ce facteur intensite de contraintes est une fonction de la profondeur des defauts superficiels et de la proximite relative du lieu de demarrage vis-a-vis du bord du contact. La charge critique est determinee par application du critere de griffith. On montre qu'elle decroit fortement quand le coefficient de frottement devient grand. Enfin on calcule le rayon d'outil en deca duquel le contact serait deforme plastiquement quand apparait la fissure. Ce rayon de transition est un indicateur de fragilite
14
Mouginot, Rémi. "Fractures d'indentation élastique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616694v.
Full text
15
Guedj, Emmanuel. "Les fractures du sacrum par insuffisance osseuse." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11050.
Full text
16
Skoglund, Björn. "Following the mevalonate pathway to bone heal alley /." Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Materials in Medicine, Section of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/med1033s.pdf.
Full text
17
Cheikh, Fatma. "Identification de fractures dans un milieu poreux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066417/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude mathématique d'un problème inverse en hydrogéologie : le but est d'identifier des fractures en milieu poreux, connaissant des mesures de l'écoulement dans le sous-sol. Le nombre, la localisation et les paramètres physiques des fractures sont recherchés. Ce problème est formulé comme la minimisation au sens des moindres carrés d'une fonctionnelle évaluant l'écart entre les mesures et les résultats du modèle direct. L'écoulement est celui d'un fluide monophasique incompressible (loi de Darcy). Un modèle traitant les fractures comme des interfaces est utilisé. Le problème direct est le modèle de fracture discrétisé par la méthode des éléments finis mixtes hybrides.Pour résoudre ce problème inverse, un nouvel algorithme itératif a été développé, basé sur l’utilisation d’indicateurs de fractures mis au point pendant la thèse. Ces indicateurs donnent une information au premier ordre concernant l'effet de l'ajout d'une nouvelle fracture. Comme ces indicateurs sont peu coûteux, un grand nombre de configurations de fractures sont testées à chaque itération. L’algorithme a été programmé, validé puis testé numériquement dans des situations variées, en utilisant des mesures synthétiques. Il donne des résultats très satisfaisants, bien que ce problème soit réputé difficile.Enfin, l’étude de l’identifiabilité du problème inverse a été amorcée. Pour un modèle simplifié de fractures (failles très perméables, cas le plus courant dans le sous-sol), on a montré que le problèmeThis PhD is dedicated to the mathematical study of an inverse problem in hydrogeology: the goal is to identify fractures in porous medium, knowing measurements of the underground flow. The number, the location and the physical parameters of the fracture are looked for. This problem is formulated as the least squares minimization of a function evaluating the misfit between measurements and the result of the direct model. We used a model describing the flow of a monophasic incompressible fluid (Darcy's law), in a porous medium containing some fractures represented by interfaces. The direct problem is the fracture model discretized by the mixed hybrid finite element method. To solve this inverse problem, we developed an iterative algorithm, which is based on the use of fracture indicators that have been developed durig the thesis. These indicators give a first order information concerning the effect of the addition of a new fracture. As these indicators are inexpensive, a large number of configurations of new fractures is tested at each iteration. The algorithm was programmed, validated and tested numerically in various situations, using synthetic measurements. It gives very satisfactory results, although this problem is considered difficult. Finally, an early study of identifiability of the inverse problem of fractures in porous medium has been achieved. It allowed to prove the identifiability for a simplified model (very permeable faults, which is common in the underground). The question of identifiability for the full fracture model remains open
18
Famy, Carine. "Les termes d'échange entre blocs et fractures dans les simulateurs de réservoirs fracturés." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7573/1/famy.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La modélisation des écoulements en réservoir fracturé s’appuie généralement sur une représentation dite double-milieu. La fiabilité du calcul des transferts matrice-fissure est alors essentielle pour les prévisions de production. A l’échelle de la maille d’un simulateur double-milieu, ces transferts sont formulés en supposant un écoulement pseudo-permanent entre un bloc matriciel représentatif, non discrétisé, d’une part, et le réseau de fissures limitrophes homogénéisé d’autre part. Si elle peut suffire à estimer les échanges monophasiques, une telle formulation se révèle par contre inadaptée à la prévision des mécanismes de production polyphasiques. Cette thèse revisite une méthode de sous-maillage des blocs matriciels et l’optimise en vue de la rendre opérationnelle et intégrable aux simulateurs double-milieu tels qu’utilisés à ce jour par l’industrie pétrolière. Sur le plan théorique, un modèle mixte a été construit en couplant le modèle d’écoulement de fracture à grande échelle à un modèle d’écoulement à l’échelle locale du bloc matriciel désormais discrétisé et non plus comme un simple terme-source. Sur le plan pratique, la mise en œuvre de ce modèle mixte a comporté trois étapes principales, (a) la définition d’une méthode générale de discrétisation du bloc matrice réalisant le meilleur compromis entre caractère prédictif et coût de calcul, (b) la transcription numérique du couplage entre d’une part, le modèle double-milieu tel qu’utilisé actuellement et d’autre part, un modèle d’écoulement diphasique au sein du bloc matriciel maillé, (c) la validation des formules de couplage et des méthodes de résolution pour divers cas d’application qui mettent également en évidence l’impact de certaines hypothèses de travail. Le modèle mixte proposé offre de réelles et décisives perspectives d’amélioration des simulateurs double milieu de l’industrie.
19
Famy, Carine Quintard Michel. "Les termes d'échange entre blocs et fractures dans les simulateurs de réservoirs fracturés." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000466.
Full text
20
Robb, Julie Lynn. "In vitro evaluation of veterinary and human suture anchors in metaphyseal bone of the canine tibia." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5908.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006."August 2006" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
21
Veaux, Philippe. "Traitement chirurgical à foyer fermé sous contrôle arthroscopique des fractures des plateaux tibiaux : à propos de 20 dossiers." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25073.
Full text
22
Bouquillard, Eric. "Fractures par insuffisance osseuse du bassin et des membres inférieurs." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11048.
Full text
23
Stoffel, Karl Kilian. "Modern concepts in plate osteosynthesis." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0116.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] Renewed interest in the fixation of fractures using plates has been stimulated by an improved understanding of the biology of fracture healing and a drive towards minimally invasive surgery. This has led to a change in the way we use plates nowadays and the way in which we build the bone-plate construct, as well as the development of new implants better suited to these techniques. As a result of this, we have now the potential to safely expand the indications for plate fixation especially in the management of fractures in osteopenic bone. This thesis provides scientific evidence allowing for better formulation of the optimum way to use the modern plating systems in the clinical setting. Biological fracture repair with conventional plates, in terms of a less rigid construct to enhance fracture healing, is becoming increasingly popular. By omitting screws the construct becomes more flexible with a risk of fixation failure. It was the aim of the first paper to investigate in an experimental model the construct strength of different conventional plate lengths and number / position of the screws, and if an oblique screw at the plate end could increase the fixation strength. Our data suggest that the plate length is the most important factor in withstanding forces in cantilever bending. Longer plates with an equal number of screws require greater peak loads to failure than short plates with more screws. Furthermore, an oblique screw at the plate end produces an increased strength of fixation in all different test setups. However, the difference is more significant in shorter plates and in constructs with no screw omission adjacent to the fracture site. ... Following cyclic loading, however, locking plates can better retain fracture reduction compared to compression plates. On the other hand, under torsional load the compression plate appears to be biomechanical superior to the locking system. In supracondylar comminuted femur fractures, combining the two principles results in less plastic deformation, and a higher load to failure compared to their single application. The last two papers examine the behaviour of locking plates in osteopenic bone. In cadaveric intra-articular calcaneal fractures, the locking plate showed a significantly lower irreversible deformation during cyclic loading and a significantly higher load to failure. In dorsal and volar fixed angle distal radius constructs in a cadaveric model, all constructs showed adequate stability with minimal deformation on fatigue testing under physiological conditions in good bone quality. In osteoporotic bone, however, dorsal fixed angle constructs are stiffer and stronger than volar constructs. The addition of a styloid plate to a volar plate does not significantly improve stability.
24
Velasque, Laurent. "Fractures du plancher de l'orbite (à propos de 63 cas opérés)." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M126.
Full text
25
Stankewich, Charles J. "The hip fracture epidemic : prevention and treatment strategies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8088.
Full text
26
Harper, William Michael. "Intracapsular proximal femoral fractures." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34098.
Full text
27
GIRARD, MARC. "Les fractures du penis." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT061M.
Full text
28
SIMON, MARIE-FRANCOISE. "Fractures obstetricales des membres." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M376.
Full text
29
TRIPOTEAU, VINCENT. "Les fractures de scapula." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT132M.
Full text
30
Ben-Yamin, Robert. "Les fractures de l'odontoïde : pronostic et traitement, une étude clinique portant sur 71 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25188.
Full text
31
Dupoirieux, Laurent. "Etude critique du traitement des fractures de la mandibule : revue d'une série homogène sur trois ans." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11161.
Full text
32
Megy, Bernard. "Les fractures de l'extrémité inférieure du fémur : à propos de 139 observations : résultat fonctionnel et séquelles." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11093.
Full text
33
Martin, Bruno. "Les fractures de l'extrémité inférieure du fémur : à propos de 139 cas : étude générale et proposition d'une stratégie thérapeutique." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11092.
Full text
34
Marchais, Jean-Philippe. "La fracture des corps caverneux." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M109.
Full text
35
Garin, Christophe. "Attitude thérapeutique actuelle dans les fractures de la portion non dentée de la mandibule : à propos de 1157 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M125.
Full text
36
Boadu, Fred Kofi. "Fractal characterization of fractures : effect of fractures on seismic wave velocity and attenuation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27272.
Full text
37
Delmas, Thierry. "Les fractures de jambes chez le footballeur." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11020.
Full text
38
Ciarlone, Elie. "Evaluation des fractures opérées de la cheville : étude à propos de 38 cas." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11176.
Full text
39
Cirera, Eva. "Evolució de les lesions en la gent gran. Espanya 2000-2010." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/294997.
Full textAbstract:
Les lesions traumàtiques en la gent gran són un problema de salut
pública important, donat que són una de les principals causes de
morbiditat en aquest col·lectiu. L’estudi de la incidència de lesions en
la gent gran i la seva evolució ofereix una visió parcel·lada de la
situació, ja que en la majoria de casos les dades que es mostren es
redueixen a un únic mecanisme - com per exemple l’evolució de les
lesions per caigudes -, o a lesions en concret - com les fractures de
maluc -, o d’una certa gravetat – com l’estudi de les lesions que han
requerit ingrés hospitalari.
Es plantegen com objectius d’aquesta tesi estimar la incidència
hospitalària de lesions traumàtiques en la gent gran a Espanya, segons
sexe i grup d’edat, així com en els diferents grups de gravetat i tipus
de mecanisme, identificar les lesions més habituals en les persones
grans i analitzar l’evolució de la incidència calculada en cada cas al
llarg d’onze anys.
S’ha portat a terme un estudi descriptiu. Depenent dels objectius el
disseny utilitzat ha estat transversal o de tendències. La població
d’estudi son les persones majors de 64 anys residents a Espanya
durant el període 2000-2010.
Les taxes d’incidència hospitalària s’han calculat a partir de les altes
hospitalàries del Conjunt Mínim Bàsic de Dades Hospitalàries
(CMBDH) del Ministerio de Sanidad, Políticas Sociales e Igualdad i de
les dades del Padró Municipal d’Habitants del Instituto Nacional de
Estadística. Els casos són residents majors de 64 anys amb diagnòstic
principal de lesió traumàtica. L‘evolució de la incidència s’ha analitzat
utilitzant models lineals generalitzats assumint distribució de Poisson i
funció d’enllaç logaritme per a cada una de les variables depenents i
s’ha ajustat per sobredispersió. S’ha calculat el Percentatge Anual de
Canvi (APC) de la taxa a partir de l’estimació del risc relatiu (RR)
anual de lesió i el seu interval de confiança al 95%.
La incidència hospitalària de lesió traumàtica és superior en dones que
en homes i augmenta amb la edat. En els últims anys s’observa una
tendència a l’augment de la incidència, sobretot a partir dels 75-80
anys (grans-grans). Aquest augment és més ràpid en les persones de
més edat. En les lesions per col·lisió de trànsit és en l’únic cas en què
s’observa un descens. Les lesions més habituals continuen sent les
fractures de maluc, per bé que en el cas de les dones de menys de 75
anys (grans-joves) la incidència hospitalària ha mostrat un descens
important, i en el cas dels homes fins a aquesta edat s’ha mostrat
estable al llarg del període. L’efecte d’aquest descens s’ha vist
contrabalançat per l’augment important de lesions com els
traumatismes cranioencefàlics i les fractures en les extremitats
superiors que, tot i de magnitud força menor que les fractures de
maluc, han mostrat augments importants al llarg del període.
Els resultats d’aquesta tesi porten a identificar dos grans grups dins
del col·lectiu de les persones grans, els grans-joves (fins als 75-80
anys) i els grans-grans (a partir d’aquesta edat).
Tot i que les fractures de maluc són la lesió amb més presència en tots
els grups d’edat, el descens de la incidència en les dones grans-joves
conjuntament amb l’increment de les fractures d’extremitats superiors
i dels traumatismes cranioencefàlics porta a que en aquest grup les
fractures de maluc perdin protagonisme. En el cas dels grans-grans,
l’increment de la incidència de lesió traumàtica s’afegeix al creixement
poblacional que està experimentant aquest grup d’edat en els últims
anys. Aquest doble increment porta a que cada vegada siguin més, en
termes absoluts, el nombre de persones grans-grans a tractar a nivell
hospitalari. Alhora, també suposa un augment de la demanada de
serveis posteriors per tal que la persona lesionada pugui assolir el
màxim nivell d’autonomia després de la lesió que li permeti gaudir
d’un envelliment actiu.Traumatic injuries in older people are a major public health problem, since they are one of the leading causes of morbidity in this age group. Studies of the incidence of injury and it trends among older people provide only a partial insight into the situation, since in most cases the data are limited to a single injury mechanism, such as the evolution of fall-related injuries, to specific injury types, such as hip fractures, or to injuries of a certain severity, such as those requiring hospitalization. The objectives of this thesis are to estimate the incidence of traumatic injuries among elderly individuals that were attended at hospitals in Spain, stratified by sex and age, as well as by severity and mechanism of injury. We also identify the most common injuries in older people, and finally analyse the evolution of their incidence over a period of eleven years. We conducted a descriptive study, using a cross-sectional or longitudinal design, depending on the objectives. The population study consists of individuals over 64 years of age who were resident in Spain between 2000 and 2010. Incidence rates were calculated using data provided by the National Hospital Discharge Register (NHDR) from the Spanish Institute of Health Information (Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad), and the National Institute of Statistics. Cases were Spanish residents older than 64 years discharged from a Spanish hospital with a primary diagnosis of traumatic injury. Incidence trends were analysed using generalized linear models, assuming Poisson distribution and log link function for each dependent variable, and adjusting for overdispersion. The Annual Percent Change (APC) of the rate is computed from the estimated relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval. The incidence of traumatic injuries attended at hospital is higher among women than men, and increases with age. A positive trend in incidence has been observed in recent years, especially in individuals over 75-80 years of age, and this increase is accentuated by age. Traffic injuries are the only injury type in which we observe a decline. Hip fractures are still the most common injury type, although in the case of individuals under 75 years, their incidence decreased significantly in women and remained stable in men throughout the study period. The effect of this decline has been counterbalanced by an increase in the incidence of other types of injury such as head injuries and fractures in the upper extremities. The results of this thesis allow us to identify two large groups within the population of older people, the elderly (up to 75-80 years) and the super-elderly (from this age onward). While hip fractures remain the most common injury type in all age groups, their decrease in incidence among elderly women along with the increase in frequency of fractures of the upper extremities and of traumatic brain injuries means that hip fractures are losing importance in this age group. In the case of super-elderly individuals, the increase
40
Kitshoff, Adriaan Mynhardt. "Comparative biomechanics of two non-invasive mandibular fracture repair techniques in dogs." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30897.
Full text
41
Li, Jian. "Spontaneous correction of fracture deformity : a study in the rat /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-119-9/.
Full text
42
Farenq, Christophe. "L'articulation radio-cubitale inférieure dans les fractures du poignet : à propos de 77 cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11046.
Full text
43
Folkestad, Lena. "Orbital floor fractures : aspects of diagnostic methods, treatment and sequelae /." Göteborg : Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/664.
Full text
44
Christersson, Albert. "Fractures of the distal radius : Factors related to radiographic evaluation, conservative treatment and fracture healing." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312931.
Full textAbstract:
Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are one of the most common injuries encountered in orthopaedic practise. Such fractures are most often treated conservatively, but surgical treatment has become increasingly common. This trend is not entirely scientifically based The aims of this thesis were threefold: to increase measurement precision in dorsal angulation (DA) on radiographs and computer tomographies (CTs); to assess the results after shortened plaster cast fixation time in reduced DRFs; and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of applying Augment® (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP) in DRFs. In Paper I and Appendix 1 and 2, a semi-automatic CT-based three-dimensional method was developed to measure change in DA over time in DRFs. This approach proved to be a better (more sensitive) method than radiography in determining changes in DA in fractures of the distal radius. In Paper II, a CT model was used to simulate lateral radiographic views of different radial directions in relation to the X-ray. Using an alternative reference point on the distal radius, precision and accuracy in measuring DA was increased. Paper III and IV are based on a prospective and randomised clinical study (the GitRa trial) that compares clinical and radiographic outcomes after plaster cast removal at 10 days versus 1 month in 109 reduced DRFs. Three patients in the early mobilised group were excluded because of fracture dislocation (n=2) or a feeling of fracture instability (n=1). For the remaining patients in the early mobilised group (51/54) a limited but temporary gain in range of motion, but a slight increase in radiographic displacement were observed. Our results suggest that plaster cast removal at 10 days after reduction of DRFs is not feasible. Paper V is based on a prospective, randomised clinical study (the GEM trial) in which 40 externally fixated DRFs were randomised to rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP into the fracture gap or to the control group. Augment® proved to be convenient and safe during follow-up (24 weeks). However, because of the nature of the study design, the effect on fracture healing could not be determined. A decrease in pin infections was seen in the Augment® group, a finding we could not explain.
45
Yousef, Baban Mustafa. "Analysis of shear-wave response to fractures : a full waveform study of microseismic fracture imaging." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16132/.
Full textAbstract:
Naturally fractured reservoirs are playing an important role in exploration geophysics. As fractures can control the permeability and pore pressure of the reservoir, it is crucial to study the fracture characterisation. The thesis is mainly including the estimated seismic anisotropy from shear-wave splitting (SWS) observations and the study of the S-wave scattering characteristics of fractured media as well. A suite of synthetic fractured media with a broad range of fracture parameters is generated. The range of fracture parameters was chosen based on the numerical simulation and also where there is a lack of research in the literature. An automated approach of SWS analysis is performed which is suitable to cope with large volume of SWS measurements. The SWS analysis was automatically performed using cross-correlation and eigenvalue minimisation methods by using a cluster analysis technique. The automated quality measuring is obtained from the misfit calculation of both methods to estimate SWS measurements. This method leads to detect 7% and 4% high quality SWS of 6624 SWS measurements for the single and the double fracture sets models, respectively. This method is crucially beneficial as it reduces the number of inspection of SWS measurements. The SWS measurements are obtained from the receivers distribution at near-surface as well as four boreholes. The parametrisation study of SWS shows that the number of models with good SWS decreases with increasing fracture length size. Moreover, by increasing normal and tangential compliance by one order of magnitude while keeping compliance ratio constant leads to models with good SWS in most cases. The simulation of synthetic microseismic event provides suitable S-wave sources that result in SWS measurements to image fracture parameters (i.e., fracture density and orientation). The δVS, the difference between the fast and slow shear-waves velocities along the raypath, varied between 0% and 14% which is influenced by the fracture density. As the discrete fractures are superimposed in an isotropic medium, so the anisotropy is interpreted in terms of the fracture strike and fracture density by implementing an inversion method based on the effective medium theory (EMT). The inversion was performed for a single fracture set (i.e., HTI) and double orthogonal fracture sets (i.e., orthorhombic symmetry system). The fracture strike inversion is more constrained than the fracture density due to the limited ray coverage and inversion algorithm assumptions. In the subsequent part of the thesis, I confirm the general scale-dependence of seismic anisotropy and provide new results specific to SWS. I find that SWS develops under conditions when the ratio of wavelength to fracture size (λS /d) is greater than 3, where Rayleigh scattering from coherent fractures leads to an effective anisotropy such that effective medium model (EMM) theory is qualitatively valid. When 1 < λS /d < 3 there is a transition from Rayleigh to Mie scattering, where no effective anisotropy develops and hence the SWS measurements are unstable. When λS /d < 1 I observe geometric scattering and begin to see behaviour similar to transverse isotropy. I find that seismic anisotropy is more sensitive to fracture density than fracture compliance ratio. More importantly, I observe that the transition from scattering to an effective anisotropic regime occurs over a propagation distance between 1 to 2 wavelengths depending on the fracture density and compliance ratio. Finally, I use different methods including the RMS envelope analysis, shear-wave polarisation distortion, differential attenuation analysis and peak frequency shifting to assess the scattering behaviour of parametrised models in which the propagation direction is either normal or parallel to the fracture surfaces. The quantitative measures show strong observable deviations for fractures size on the order of or greater than the dominant seismic wavelength within the Mie and geometric scattering regime for both propagation normal and parallel to fracture strike. The results suggest that strong scattering is symptomatic of fractures having size on the same order of the probing seismic wave.
46
Farthouat, Philippe. "Les fractures des épines tibiales chez l'enfant : à propos de 27 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25131.
Full text
47
Pauchard, Ludovic. "Des fractures et des plis." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00516821.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours du séchage, les milieux tels que les boues, vernis, peintures subissent différentes transformations physico-chimiques ainsi que d'importantes déformations sous l'effet des contraintes de rétraction. Un grand nombre de processus peuvent ainsi apparaître : formation de fractures, décollement revêtement/substrat, formation de plis, cloques,... Ces processus apparaissent à différentes échelles et présentent en particulier un grand intérêt pour les tableaux de Maîtres (rénovation, authentification, techniques des peintures). Deux systèmes modèles seront présentés afin d'étudier de telles instabilités. D'une part les suspensions aqueuses de particules colloïdales qui, au cours de l'évaporation du solvant, conduisent à la formation d'un gel fragile, siège de fortes contraintes mécaniques. D'autre part une goutte de solution d'un polymère vitreux à température ambiante qui, au cours du séchage, subit des déformations variées en fonction des conditions expérimentales.
48
Méheust, Yves. "Écoulements dans les Fractures Ouvertes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008477.
Full textAbstract:
La 1re partie de cette thèse présente une étude de la géométrie de surfaces rugueuses obtenues en laboratoire par fracturation de blocs de granite et de grès. Ces surfaces sont enregistrées à l'aide d'un rugosimètre à mesure mécanique et optique, développé pour cet usage. Les enregistrements sont bien décrits par un modèle auto-affine isotrope. La persistance des corrélations spatiales est sensiblement moins importante pour le grès que pour le granite. Dans un 2e partie, on étudie comment l'écoulement à travers une fracture ouverte est influencé par la rugosité de ses parois, lorsque les effets inertiels peuvent être négligés. Une étude expérimentale met en évidence une sensibilité importante de la perméabilité de la fracture vis-à-vis de l'orientation du gradient de pression effectif. Un modèle numérique confirme ces observations, et permet d'interpréter cette anisotropie hydraulique en termes de chenalisation de l'écoulement. La chenalisation est contrôlée par les hétérogénéités de grande échelle du champ des ouvertures, dont l'importance dépend grandement de l'ajustement entre les deux surfaces aux grandes échelles. Dans une 3e partie, une fracture remplie de gouge est modélisée comme un milieu poreux bidimensionnel composé d'une mono-couche de billes de verre. On étudie expérimentalement le déplacement d'un fluide mouillant par de l'air, de haut en bas, dans ce milieu. En ajustant la vitesse de filtration, c.-à-d. l'intensité des forces visqueuses, on étudie systématiquement la transition d'un régime d'écoulement stabilisé par la gravité, vers un régime d'écoulement où la rugosité de l'interface entre les deux fluides croît indéfiniment. Les effets capillaires, inhomogènes dans le milieu poreux, pilotent la dynamique locale du déplacement. En utilisant la théorie de la percolation, on prédit le seuil de l'instabilité et une loi d'échelle pour la largeur du front en déplacement stable. Ces prédictions sont vérifiées expérimentalement.
49
Sinikumpu, J. J. (Juha-Jaakko). "Forearm shaft fractures in children." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526203003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract There are previous reports of an increasing incidence of children’s forearm fractures in the last few decades. Their surgical treatment is evolving. The present study was aimed at determining the incidence and background of these fractures and their treatment. It was also aimed to analyse the short- and long-term outcomes. A comprehensive population-based study (N=168) among 86,000 children in Oulu University Hospital District over a decade (2000–2009) was performed to analyse the incidence of middle-third forearm fractures. Further data (N=291) covering 1997–2009 was achieved in order to study monthly variation and backgrounds of all both-bone forearm fractures in the distal, middle or proximal thirds. An age- and sex-matched case-control study (N=94) at Vaasa Central Hospital District in 1995–1999 with approximately 11 years of follow-up was performed to evaluate long-term morbidity. The relationship between summer weather and outdoor fractures was based on daily weather readings of all summer days (N=1989) in 1997–2009. There was a 4.4-fold increase in middle-third shaft fractures in the last decade (2000–2009) and a 3.1-fold increase in all forearm shaft fractures (proximal, middle and distal) in 1997–2009. The increase in the middle-shaft fractures was still accelerating towards the end of the study period. Trampolining was increasing as a reason for the injuries. At the end of the study every third fracture was caused by a trampoline injury. The fractures caused by other recreational activities increased absolutely, but they were stable in relation to trampoline injuries. There was a clear monthly variation in fracture incidence. During the long study time, August was repeatedly the most usual month for the fractures. School terms and summer holidays did not explain the varying fracture risk. The incidence of the fractures was 50% higher in dry vs. rainy days in summer. Temperature and wind speed did not affect fracture risk. Not only were the number of children’s forearm shaft fractures increasing, but also their operative treatment in 1997–2009. The increase was mostly connected to elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN), the incidence of which changed from 10% to 30% during the study period, compared with other types of treatment. Non-operative treatment showed poor short-term outcome in the form of worsening alignment and a relatively great need of re-operations. Operative treatment showed excellent primary results. In the long run, the outcome of non-operative treatment was excellentTiivistelmä Lasten kyynärvarren diafyysimurtumat ovat lisääntyneet viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana. Samalla niiden kirurginen hoito on muuttunut. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää murtumien ilmaantuvuutta ja murtumien taustalla olevia tekijöitä sekä hoidon kehittymistä. Tavoitteena oli myös tutkia lyhyt- ja pitkäaikaisia hoitotuloksia. Ilmaantuvuuden määrittämiseksi kerättiin väestöpohjainen aineisto (N=168) kaikista niistä lapsista (<16-v.), jotka ovat olleet hoidossa Oulun yliopistollisessa sairaalassa kyynärvarren keskialueen murtuman vuoksi 2000–2009. Taustatekijöiden selvittämiseksi aineisto laajennettiin koskemaan kaikkia kyynärvarren kahden luun murtumia (proksimaaliset, keskialueen ja distaaliset murtumat) 1997–2009 (N=291). Pitkäaikaistuloksia arvioitiin tapaus-verrokkitutkimuksella (N=94), jonka potilasaineiston muodostivat Vaasan keskussairaalassa vuosina 1995–1999 hoidetut lapsipotilaat. Ikä- ja sukupuolivakioidut vertailutapaukset poimittiin väestörekisteristä. Kesäsään ja ulkona tapahtuvien murtumien välisen yhteyden tutkimiseksi kerättiin säätila-aineisto kaikilta vuosien 1997–2009 kesäpäiviltä (N=1989). Lasten kyynärvarren keskidiafyysin murtumat lisääntyivät 4,4-kertaisesti vuosikymmenessä (2000–2009) ja kaikki diafyysimurtumat lisääntyivät 3,1-kertaisesti (1997–2009). Keskidiafyysimurtumien ilmaantuvuus kasvoi kiihtyvästi. Trampoliini aiheutti yksinään joka kolmannen murtuman, ja trampoliinimurtumien ilmaantuvuus kasvoi tutkimusaikana. Muut tapaturmatyypit pysyivät vakioisina. Murtumien ilmaantuvuus vaihteli kuukausittain, mutta 13 vuoden seurantajaksolla ne olivat selvästi yleisimpiä elokuussa. Koululaisten kesäloma ei vaikuttanut murtumariskiin. Murtumat olivat 50 % yleisempiä kuivalla säällä kuin sadesäällä. Lämpötila tai tuulennopeus eivät vaikuttaneet murtumien ilmaantuvuuteen. Lasten kyynärvarsimurtumien operatiivinen hoito lisääntyi. Joustavien ydinnaulojen käyttö kasvoi 10 %:sta 30 %:iin suhteessa muihin hoitomuotoihin. Kajoavan hoidon lyhytaikaiset tulokset olivat erinomaiset. Kajoamattoman hoidon tulokset olivat heikot, ja hoitoon liittyi paljon asennon huonontumista ja myöhempää leikkaustarvetta, erityisesti asennon korjaamista. Pitkän ajan seurannassa kajoamattoman hoidon tulokset olivat kuitenkin erinomaiset
Sammanfattning Barns underarmsfrakturer har ökat under de senaste årtiondena och deras behandling är under förändring. Syftet med den här forskningen var att undersöka underarmsfrakturer: förekommande, bakgrund och behandling. Meningen var också att bedöma resultat av olika frakturbehandlingar på kort och lång sikt. Totalt 168 barn undersöktes. De behandlades på Uleåborgs universitetssjukhus åren 2000–2009 p.g.a. en underarmsfraktur i mellersta tredjedelen av skaft. Därtill inkluderades 291 barn med en underarmsfraktur i hela skaftet åren 1997–2009. En fall-kontroll–undersökning innehöll 47 barn med en underarmsfraktur i Vasa centralsjukhus åren 1996–1999 samt en köns- och ålders standardiserad kontroll grupp med 47 medlemmar (N=47). Relationen mellan sommarväderlek och frakturer som skedde utomhus analyserades på basis av uppgifter om väderleken på alla sommardagarna åren 1997–2009 (N=1989). Frakturer i den mellersta underarmen ökade 4,4-faldigt och accelererande på ett årtionde (2000–2009) och alla skaftfrakturer 3,1-faldigt (1997–2009). Trampolinen tillfogade var tredje av dessa frakturer och således ökade trampolinens betydelse. Jämfört med trampolinen höll sig andra bakgrundsfaktorer stadiga. Det fanns en klar variation i förekommande av frakturer mellan månaderna. Mest förekom frakturer i augusti. Skolperioden eller sommarlovet påverkade inte risken för frakturer. Uppehållsväder ökade risken 1,5-faldigt jämfört med regniga dagar. Temperaturen eller vinden hade ingen effekt på frakturer. Operativa kirurgiska behandlingar ökade i stället för ej-operativa behandlingar åren 1997–2009. Ökningen berodde mest på tilltagande bruk av flexibla märgspikar, vilket ökade från 10 % till 30 % jämfört med andra behandlingsmetoder. Ej-operativ vård visade gott om komplikationer under den korta uppföljningen. Operativ vård var framgångsrik på kort sikt. Däremot visade ej-operativ behandling utmärkta resultat efter den långa uppföljningen
50
Wong, Wing-yee. "Permeability studies in rock fractures." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30109334.
Full text