Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fractures Surgery

Academic literature on the topic 'Fractures Surgery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fractures Surgery"

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STANTON, J. S., J. J. DIAS, and F. D. BURKE. "Fractures of the Tubular Bones of the Hand." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 6 (December 2007): 626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhse.2007.06.017.

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Age related differences in demographics, morphology, treatment and outcome were investigated in 701 fractures of the metacarpals or phalanges, including fracture-dislocations, in 655 patients. Fractures mainly due to sport occurred in 184 children, usually after 10 years of age. The base of the proximal phalanx was especially vulnerable. Thirty-seven percent of 256 young adults fractured their fifth metacarpal. The thumb was rarely involved. Half of these two groups fractured the fifth ray. Older adults had more fractures of the distal phalanx and displaced extraarticular fractures requiring stabilisation. Women predominated in the patients over 65. Forty percent of this group sustained their fracture on the road and more fractures involved the thumb, were oblique, intraarticular or multiple than in other groups. Detailed analysis of 423 X-rays demonstrated that only 10% of 70 intraarticular fractures and 19% of 363 extraarticular fractures were completely undisplaced. Patient response to postal questionnaire based outcome assessment using SF-12, MHQ was very poor.
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Kelishadi, Shahrooz S., Matthew R. Zeiderman, Karan Chopra, Joseph A. Kelamis, Gerhard S. Mundinger, and Eduardo D. Rodriguez. "Facial Fracture Patterns Associated with Traumatic Optic Neuropathy." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 1 (March 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641172.

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Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is rare. The heterogeneity of injury patterns and patient condition on presentation makes diagnosis difficult. Fracture patterns associated with TON have never been evaluated. Retrospective review of 42 patients diagnosed with TON at the R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center from May 1998 to August 2010 was performed. Thirty-three patients met criteria for study inclusion of fracture patterns. Additional variables measured included patient demographics and mechanism. Cluster analysis was used to form homogenous groups of patients based on different fracture patterns. Fracture frequency was analyzed by group and study population. Visual depiction of fracture patterns was created for each group. Cluster analysis of fracture patterns yielded five common “groups” or fracture patterns among the study population. Group 1 ( n = 3, 9%) revealed contralateral lateral orbital wall (100%), zygoma (67%), and nasal bone (67%) fractures. Group 2 ( n = 7, 21%) demonstrated fractures of the frontal bone (86%), nasal bones (71%), and ipsilateral orbital roof (57%). Group 3 ( n = 14, 43%) involved fractures of the ipsilateral zygoma (100%), lateral orbital wall (29%), as well as frontal and nasal bones (21% each). Group 4 ( n = 5, 15%) consisted of mid- and upper-face fractures; 100% fractured the ipsilateral orbital floor, medial and lateral walls, maxilla, and zygoma; 80% fractured the orbital roof and bilateral zygoma. Group 5 ( n = 4, 12%) was characterized by fractures of the ipsilateral orbital floor, medial and lateral orbital walls (75% each), and orbital roof (50%). A notably high 15 of 33 patients (45%) sustained penetrating trauma. Our study demonstrates five fracture pattern groups associated with TON. Zygomatic, frontal, nasal, and orbital fractures were the most common. Fractures with a combination of frontal, nasal, and orbital fractures are particularly concerning and warrant close attention to the eye.
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Özkan, Sezai, Stefan Fischerauer, Thomas Kootstra, Femke Claessen, and David Ring. "Ulnar Neck Fractures Associated with Distal Radius Fractures." Journal of Wrist Surgery 07, no. 01 (August 8, 2017): 071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1605382.

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Background There is little published data to guide management of ulnar neck fractures associated with fractures of the distal radius. Purpose As unplanned surgery usually reflects adverse events and this injury combination is relatively uncommon, we used a large database to study the incidence of unplanned surgeries after surgical and nonsurgical treatment of distal metaphyseal ulna fractures associated with a distal radius fracture and identify factors associated with these unplanned surgeries. Patients and Methods We identified 277 patients with an ulnar neck fracture associated with a distal radius fracture. Fifty-six (20%) ulnar neck fractures were initially treated operatively and six of them (11%) had a second, unplanned surgery. Of the 221 initially nonoperatively treated fractures, only one (0.45%) had a subsequent unplanned surgery that seemed unrelated to the fracture (ulnar nerve neurolysis). Results Bivariate analysis showed that younger age, open fracture, multifragmentary fractures, and initial operative treatment of the ulnar neck fracture were significantly associated with unplanned surgery. A multivariable analysis was not feasible due to the small number of unplanned surgeries. Conclusion Eighty percent of ulnar neck fractures associated with a fracture of the distal radius was treated nonoperatively in our region, and subsequent surgery for problems was very uncommon. Operative treatment and fracture complexity were associated with unplanned surgery, which reflected some measure of injury severity, technical inadequacy, and inherent problems associated with surgery. Level of Evidence Level II, prognostic study.
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Hadley, Mark N., Curtis A. Dickman, Carol M. Browner, and Volker K. H. Sonntag. "Acute Traumatic Atlas Fractures: Management and Long Term Outcome." Neurosurgery 23, no. 1 (June 1, 1988): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198807000-00007.

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ABSTRACT Fractures of the 1st cervical vertebra (C1) represent 7% of all acute cervical spine fractures. Isolated atlas fractures are most commonly bilateral or multiple fractures through the ring of C1. Frequently (44% of cases), the atlas will be fractured in combination with the axis. Treatment of isolated C1 fractures should be governed by the rules of Spence. The treatment of combination C1-C2 fractures is dictated by the type and severity of the C2 fracture. Experience with 57 cases of acute atlas fractures is reviewed. Nonoperative external immobilization was used in 53 patients (with 1 failure), and early surgical wiring and fusion were performed in 4 patients. The long term outcome from an atlas fracture is good (median follow-up, 40 months).
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Rahim, Ashfaq ur, Sadiq Ali, Muhammad Nauman, Tannaza Qayyum, Abdullah Khan, Mohammad Abdullah Khan, and Zahid Iqbal. "Comparison of Preauricular Approach Versus Retromandibular Approach in Management of Condylar Fractures." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 2137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582137.

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Objectives: Surgical treatment of patients with multiple mandibular fractures involving condylar segments may be a difficult proposition for a maxillofacial surgeon. These fractures can be double or triple fractures of the lower mandible and can also be associated with other fractures of the face. While many authors have suggested that the conventional approach to reducing and stabilizing a mandibular symphysis / para-symphysis fracture is appropriate before addressing a fractured condyle, there is another school of thought that suggests that the condylar segment should be reduced and repaired first. This article aims to review the results of operations where the reduction and fixation of a fractured condyle is performed prior to other associated mandible fractures, and to explore the effectiveness of various surgical methods including preauricular and retromandibular proposed in this case. Place and Duration: In the Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of Faryal Dental College, Lahore for two-years duration from Jan 2018 to Jan 2020. Material and methods: The study included 60 surgically treated patients with multiple mandible fractures (double / triple), including the condyle component. For treatment of the fractured condylar segments, the preauricular and retromandibular (anterior parotid-transmasseteric) approach was used. Results: Condyle fracture was the first segment to be managed during sequencing of surgical treatment, regardless of the method used. First, good reduction and stabilization have been achieved with limited complications in treating a condyle fracture. Conclusion: While it is the surgeon's prerogative to sort multiple mandible fractures, addressing the condylar segment first provides the operator with a viable alternative to the conventional technique. Key words: condylar fractures, multiple mandibular fractures, preauricular approach, retromandibular approach
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Lee, Seung, Jae Sim, Do Han, and Min Kim. "A Transpatellar Approach to Treat Distal Femoral Type C3 Fractures Combined with Patellar Fractures." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 09 (February 6, 2018): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626734.

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AbstractWe report our surgical method used to treat type C distal femur fractures accompanied by patella fractures whereby we approach the articular surface of the femur through the already-fractured patella. We treated 10 patients with type C3 distal femur and patella fractures between May 2013 and April 2015. Because the patella was fractured in all cases, we could approach the articular surface of the distal femur through the transverse gap between the retracted patellar fracture fragments, “transpatellar approach.” Any surgical complications were recorded. Knee function was evaluated using the Böstman system. The average age of the 10 patients (8 males) was 42.9 years (range, 22.0–58.0 years). All distal femur fractures were type C3, combined with patella fractures. Bony union of the distal femur and patella was achieved in all but one patient, who required an additional bone graft (without any change in the implant). Overall, three patients (30%) reported excellent results and seven (70%) reported good results, based on the Böstman system. A midline anterior approach through a patella fracture adequately exposes the entire joint surface of the distal femur, except the posterior surface. This approach is useful when treating a type C distal femur fracture accompanied by a patella fracture. The level of evidence is IV.
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Noor, Marjan, Raheel Hassan, Abid Hussain Bukhari, and Rashida Hilal. "Frequency of Parasymphysis Fracture in Mandibular Fractures Due to Road Traffic Accidents." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169333.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. Study Type: Cross-sectional study Duration and Place of Study: Department of OMF Surgery Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st December 2019 to 30thMay 2020 Methodology: One hundred and forty eight patients were shifted to the Radiology Department for X-rays of mandible . Fractures of mandible especially fracture of parasymphysis were seen. Results: The mean age was 47.46±21.25 years. Fractured parasymphysis was found in 75 (82%) male patients and female patients were 14% (8/57). Conclusions: The gender was found to be significantly associated with the outcome i.e. parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. The age, number of fractures and type of fractures were not found to be significantly associated with the outcome i.e. parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. Keywords: Parasymphysis fracture, Mandibular fractures, Facial injury
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Nickerson, Duncan, and Donald Mcphalen. "Teeth in the Line of Mandibular Fractures." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2, no. 3 (September 1994): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255039400200308.

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D Nickerson, D McPhalen. Teeth in the line of mandibular fractures. Can J Plast Surg 1994;2(3):113-116. This study considers 710 mandibular fractures occurring in 546 patients over a five-year period and notes the fate of 114 teeth involved in the line of 104 of these fractures. Analysis of retention versus removal of teeth in the fracture line and any associated infection was undertaken. Overall, 15.5% of cases that involved retained teeth became infected, as compared with 7.1% of cases in which a tooth was extracted from the fracture site. for third molars, the teeth most commonly involved in mandibular fractures, infection was associated with 20.5% of retained teeth and 10% of cases where teeth were extracted from the fracture site. These data support careful consideration of a tooth's disposition before a decision regarding retention or extraction is made. Furthermore, they suggest that even in the absence of a grossly evident risk factor for infection, such as a fractured tooth, the tooth itself may inherently predispose to infection if retained. Infection rates were higher for retained teeth regardless of whether open reduction with rigid internal fixation or closed reduction with maxillomandibular fixation was used.
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FINSEN, V., and P. BENUM. "Regional Bone Mineral Density Changes after Colles’ and Forehand Fractures." Journal of Hand Surgery 11, no. 3 (June 1986): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681_86_90157-9.

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Patients who sustain a second Colles’ fracture only in one of five instances refracture the previously injured wrist. In those who have sustained fractures of the metacarpals or phalanges of the hand (forehand) subsequent fractures of the forehand are twice as likely to be ipsilateral. We investigated whether persisting regional bone mineral changes could be the mechanism underlying these observations. Bilateral bone mineral density measurements were performed on twenty patients who had sustained a Colles’ fracture and twenty-nine who had sustained forehand fractures more than one year previously. Among Colles’ fracture patients there was an increase in bone mineral density in the distal radius of the fractured side when compared to the uninjured side of thirty-nine percent. The protection of these patients from subsequent ipsilateral Colles’ fracture seems to be due to increased bone strength induced by the healing process. Among patients with forehand fractures no significant bone mineral changes could be demonstrated.
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Kobayashi, Yoshikazu, Koji Satoh, and Hideki Mizutani. "Osteogenesis Imperfecta Diagnosed from Mandibular and Lower Limb Fractures: A Case Report." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 9, no. 2 (June 2016): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1550063.

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a congenital disease characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. Despite the variety of its manifestation and severity, facial fractures occur very infrequently. Here, we report a case of an infant diagnosed with OI after mandibular and lower limb fractures. A boy aged 1 year and 3 months was brought to his neighboring hospital with a complaint of facial injury. He was transferred to our hospital to undergo operation 3 days later. Computed tomography images revealed multiple mandibular fractures including complete fracture in the symphysis and dislocated condylar fracture on the right side. Open reduction and internal fixation with absorbable implants was performed 7 days after injury. He fractured his right lower limb 2 months later. He was diagnosed with OI type IA by an orthopedist. He will be administered bone-modifying agents if he suffers from frequent fractures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fractures Surgery"

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Mdlalose, Lindubuhle. "Immediate versus delayed surgical management of septic mandibular fractures." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4611.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
Aim: The aim of the study was to compare immediate and delayed surgical management of septic mandibular fractures. Introduction: Infected mandible fractures can be treated via diverse protocols. Two recognized protocols are the so-called delayed approached and the immediate approach. In the delayed approach, sepsis is resolved first, followed by surgery. With the immediate approach, the sepsis is first drained, followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the jaw fracture in one continuous surgical procedure. Material and methods: 20 clinical cases where included in the study. Patients were randomly selected and assigned to the two treatment protocol groups. Pain, vital signs, fracture union, fracture stability, surgical time, hospital time, follow-up visits and patients’ demographics were recorded. Results: No statistically significant findings were made in the analysis of the demographic data and clinical parameters relating to the sepsis. The only significant data were related to the surgical time and hospital time. It was found that the advantages of the immediate approach versus the delayed approach related only to shorter surgical time and less days spent in hospital for the immediate approach. Conclusion: Septic mandibular fractures can be managed either by an immediate or a delayed approach. The immediate surgical approach seems to have an advantage over the delayed approach regarding the surgical time and hospital admission days.
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Nowak, Jan. "Clavicular Fractures, Epidemiology, Union, Malunion, Nonunion." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Orthopaedics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2598.

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During a three-year period (1989-91), all patients living in the county of Uppsala, Sweden, with a radiographically verified fracture of the clavicle were prospectively, consecutively followed (n=245).

The epidemiological study (I) was restricted to the two first years with 187 fractures in185 patients. The short term study (II) with 6 months follow-up included 222 patients. The long term study (III) with 10 years follow-up included 208 patients. The malunion study (IV) included eight patients and the nonunion study (V) 24 patients all of whom were consecutively operated between 1988-2000.

Displacement, especially with no bony contact in the initial radiographs, was a statistically significant risk factor for sequelae.

Comminute fractures, especially if including transversally placed fragments, were associated with a significantly increased risk of remaining symptoms. An increasing number of fragments was also associated with an increased risk of sequelae.

Patients with remainig symptoms after 6 months were on average older at the time of injury as compared to patients without remaining symptoms. Advancing age was also a significant risk factor for sequelae – specifically pain at rest – still after 10 years.

There was no difference between gender with respect to the risk of sequelae, except for nonunion.

Fracture location did not predict outcome, except for more cosmetic defects (middle part).

Shortening defined as overlapping at the fracture site was a significant risk factor for cosmetic defects after 10 years.

Patients who experience pain at rest and/or cosmetic defects more than twelve weeks after the fracture have a higher risk for sequelae.

The radiographic examination should always consist of two projections: the AP (0°) view and the 45° tilted view. Transversally placed fragments are not seen in the 0° view.

Removal of excessive callus in patients with persistent symptoms even several years after the fracture showed a good outcome. One does not have to stabilize the clavicle when excising the hypertrophic callus.

Symptomatic clavicular nonunions should be treated with surgery. Reconstruction plate combined with cancellous bone gives a faster and more reliable healing rate than external fixation.

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Roussot, Mark. "Amputation rate following tibia fractures with associated popliteal artery injuries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25507.

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Objectives: 1. Determine the amputation rate; and 2. identify risk factors in patients with tibia fractures and associated popliteal artery injuries. Intervention: Amputation or limb salvage. Design: Retrospective case-control study. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients: Thirty popliteal artery injuries with ipsilateral tibial fractures. Outcome measures: Primary and delayed amputation rates were determined. Risk factors tested for significance (Fischer's Exact) included: mechanism of injury, signs of threatened viability, compartment syndrome, fracture pattern, surgical sequence, and time delay from injury or presentation to revascularization. Results: The study group consisted of 22 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 31 years. Motor vehicle accidents and gunshot wounds constituted the mechanism in 17 and 11 patients respectively. Twenty-one were polytrauma victims. Intra/extra16 articular metaphyseal fractures (OTA 41 A-C) were recorded in 19 and diaphyseal (OTA 42 A-C) in 7 patients. Primary amputation was performed in 7 and delayed in 10 patients (overall rate 57%). No individual risk factors were predictive of amputation; however, the "miserable triad" of a proximal tibia fracture (OTA 41) with signs of threatened viability, and delay to revascularization ≥ 6 hours from injury or ≥ 2 hours from presentation was predictive of amputation (p = 0,036 and p = 0,018 respectively). Conclusions: We should aim to intervene within 6 hours following injury or 2 hours following presentation to reduce the risk of amputation. This provides a target for trauma teams even with uncertain time of injury. Level of Evidence: III.
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Nussbaum, Marcy Lauren. "Meta-Analysis of Open vs Closed Surgery of Mandibular Condyle Fractures." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1397.

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A review of the literature reveals a difference of opinion regarding whether open or closed reduction of condylar fractures produces the best results. It would be beneficial to critically analyze past studies that have directly compared the two methods in an attempt to answer this question. A Medline search for articles using the key words 'mandibular condyle fractures' and 'mandibular condyle fractures surgery' was performed. The articles chosen for the meta-analysis contained data on at least one of the following: postoperative maximum mouth opening, lateral excursion, protrusion, deviation on opening, asymmetry, and joint pain or muscle pain. Several common statistical methods were used to test for differences between open and closed surgery, including the weighted average method for fixed and random effects as well as the Mantel-Haenszel method for fixed effects. Some of the outcome variables were found to be statistically significant but were interpreted with caution because of the poor quality of the studies assessed. There is a need for more standardized data collection as well as patient randomization to treatment groups.
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Kauta, Ntambue. "The management of fragility fractures of the hip: a quality assessment project." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25067.

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Introduction: Fragility fractures of the hip (FFH) constitute the most serious complication of osteoporosis carrying a mortality rate of up to 20 – 30% in the first year after injury and are associated with post injury decay in patient's level of activity in more than 50% of the cases. It is also a predictor of future osteoporosis related fractures. Surgical fixation of the hip fracture within 48 of admission, multimodal pain management, deep vein thrombo-prophylaxis, early physical therapy, appropriate assessment and management of osteoporosis and frailty in a multidisciplinary approach are the standard of care for FFH to keep the mortality and morbidity rate as low as possible and prevent future fragility fractures. Aim: To assess the standard of care of FFH at our institution and determine areas of care which need more attention and improvement. Methods: Retrospective review of clinical and radiographic records of all patients admitted at our level 1 trauma unit for fragility fracture of the hip from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2014. The waiting time from admission to surgical fixation of the hip fracture, pain control and thrombo-prophylaxis strategies, the rate of geriatric referrals and the extent of osteoporosis management were assessed. Results: We admitted 113 fragility fractures of the hip from 1st January to 31st December 2014. Ninety- eight clinical records and 98 pelvis radiographs were included in the study. The other 15 clinical records were incomplete and were therefore excluded. The average waiting time from admission to surgery was 49 hours (range 9 -120). Low dose morphine, paracetamol and tramadol were the only perioperative pain control medication used for all patients. All patients had low molecular weight heparin and compression stockings prescribed for thrombo-prophylaxis. Only 2 (2, 04%) of patients had some osteoporosis investigations ordered. There were no geriatric referrals made and no formal osteoporosis management in all reviewed records. Conclusion: While the waiting time from admission to surgery was largely within the recommended time frame, there were no signs of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of fragility fractures of the hip at our institution leaving osteoporosis and frailty largely untreated.
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Davis, Johan H. "Thoracolumbar injuries : short segment posterior instrumentation as standalone treatment - thoracolumbar fractures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5351.

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Thesis (MMed (Surgical Sciences. Orthopaedic Surgery))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
Objective: This research paper reports on the radiographic outcome of unstable thoracolumbar injuries with short segment posterior instrumentation as standalone treatment; in order to review rate of instrumentation failure and identify possible contributing factors. Background: Short segment posterior instrumentation is the treatment method of choice for unstable thoracolumbar injuries in the Acute Spinal Cord Injury Unit (Groote Schuur Hospital). It is considered adequate treatment in fracture cases with an intact posterior longitudinal ligament, and Gaines score below 7 (Parker JW 2000); as well as fracture dislocations, and seatbelt-type injuries (without loss of bone column - bearing integrity). The available body of literature often states instrumentation failure rates of up to 50% (Alanay A 2001, Tezeren G 2005). The same high level of catastrophic hardware failure is not evident in the unit researched. Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients undergoing the aforementioned surgery were studied. Patients were divided into two main cohorts, namely the “Fracture group” (n=40) consisting of unstable burst fractures and unstable compression fractures; and the “Dislocation group” (n=25) consisting of fracture dislocations and seatbelt-type injuries. The groups reflect similar goals in surgical treatment for the grouped injuries, with reduction in loss of sagittal profile and maintenance thereof being the main aim in the fracture group, appropriately treated with Schantz pin constructs; and maintenance in position only, the goal in the dislocation group, managed with pedicle screw constructs. Data was reviewed in terms of complications, correction of deformity, and subsequent loss of correction with associated instrumentation failure. Secondly, factors influencing the aforementioned were sought, and stratified in terms of relevance. Results: Average follow up was 278 days for the fracture group and 177 days for the dislocation group (all patients included were deemed to have achieved radiological fusion – if fusion technique was employed). There was an average correction in kyphotic deformity of 10.25 degrees. Subsequent loss in sagittal profile averaged 2 degrees (injured level) and 5 degrees (thoracolumbar region) in the combined fracture and dislocation group. The only factor showing a superior trend in loss of reduction achieved was the absence of bone graft (when non-fusion technique was employed). Instrumentation complications occurred in two cases (bent connection rods in a Schantz pin construct with exaggerated loss in regional sagittal profile, and bent Schantz pins). These complications represent a 3.07% hardware failure in total. None of the failures were considered catastrophic. Conclusion: Short segment posterior instrumentation is a safe and effective option in the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures as a standalone measure.
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Boudissa, Mehdi. "Réduction virtuelle des fractures complexes du bassin à l'aide du premier simulateur biomécanique patient-spécifique Computer-assisted surgery in acetabular fractures: Virtual reduction of acetabular fracture using the first patient-specific biomechanical model simulator Computer Assisted Surgery in Preoperative Planning of Acetabular Fracture Surgery: State of the Art." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS038.

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The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new pre-operative planning in acetabular surgery based on a patient-specific biomechal model. During the first part of this work we brought enhancement in each step of the planning process for acetabular fracture surgery. The first step was to generate 3D models of several acetabular fracture patterns using semi-automatic segmentation methods. In the same time, we showed that the segmented fragments bone could be usefull to correctly classify acetabular fracture by unexperimented residents. The second step was to generate a patient-specific model, in a very simple way, that could be used in clinical practice by surgeons. A literature review of acetabular planning models was performed to identify that a new paradigm was required because of the limitations of the existing models. Once the objectives of patient-specific modelling was identified, a literature review of hips models was performed to record biomechanical properties of the elements that we had to modelize. A compromise between simplicity and realistic behaviour was found to generate patient-specifics biomechanical models, in a limited time, that could be used in clinical practice. Clinical studies on 14 operated cases, then 29 operated cases and finally 39 operated cases, were performed to validate retrospectively the simulations. The results were quite promising. Only open-source softwares with their own weaknesses were used because validity and feasability of the procedure was required before bigger investissment. The proof of concept was done. A prospective clinical study has shown the efficiency of the patient-specific biomechanical simulation and its feasibility in a daily clinical practice. This work opens a door for new approaches in surgical planning and patient-specific modelling
L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer et valider une nouvelle méthode de planification pré-opératoire en chirurgie traumatique de l’acetabulum reposant sur un modèle biomécanique patient-spécifique. La première partie de ce travail a consisté en l’élaboration et l’amélioration progressive de ce nouvel outil de planification. La première étape était de générer des modèles tri-dimensionnels de plusieurs fractures acétabulaires à l’aide d’une méthode de segmentation semi-automatique. Dans le même temps, nous avons démontré que les fragments osseux segmentés pouvaient être utile pour classer correctement les fractures acétabulaires par des internes non expérimentés. La seconde étape était de générer un modèle biomécanique patient-spécifique, le plus simplement possible pour pouvoir être compatible avec une pratique clinique régulière. Une revue de la littérature à propos des différentes méthodes de planifications péri-opératoire en traumatologie de l’acetabulum a été réalisée afin d’identifier qu’un nouveau paradigme était nécessaire du fait des limites des méthodes existantes. Une fois les objectifs d’une modélisation biomécanique patient-spécifique définis, une revue de la littérature des différents modèles biomécanique de la hanche a été réalisée pour définir les propriétés biomécaniques des différents éléments à modéliser. Un compromis entre simplicité et comportement réaliste du modèle a été trouvé pour générer un modèle biomécanique patient-spécifique, dans un temps limité, compatible avec une utilisation courante en pratique clinique. Des études cliniques portant sur 14 cas de fractures acétabulaires opérées, puis 29 et finalement 39 cas ont été réalisées pour valider rétrospectivement les simulations biomécaniques. Les résultats montraient une parfaite adéquation avec la réalité. Seuls des logiciels en libre accès, avec leurs faiblesses, étaient utilisés car la fiabilité et la validité de la simulation étaient nécessaires avant d’envisager plus d’investissements. La preuve de concept était donnée. Enfin, une étude clinique prospective a démontré l’efficacité de la simulation biomécanique patient-spécifique et sa faisabilité en pratique clinique quotidienne. Ce travail ouvre la porte à de nouvelles approches en matière de planification chirurgicale et de modélisation patient-spécifique
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Koller, Ian M. "Locking plates for distal femur fractures does an increased working length improve healing?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2844.

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Distal femur locking plates have become a very popular means of internal fixation because of their ability to provide stable distal periarticular fixation. In spite of this enthusiasm however several studies have reported significant problems with healing. In the distal femur it is recognized that locking plate fixation may be too rigid if used in certain configurations that limit the essential micro movement required for biological healing. Implant failure may arise from rigid configurations that cause excessive hardware stress concentrations. In an attempt to address these problems longer plates and an increased working length have been proposed to reduce construct rigidity. The purpose of our study is to investigate whether an increased working length translates into improved healing.
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Plant, Caroline Elizabeth. "Outcome and management of acute dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89823/.

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Fractures of the distal radius are a common injury, affecting younger patients typically through sporting and road traffic accidents, and older osteoporotic patients often due to falls from a standing height. The potential consequences of these fractures are rare but can be catastrophic, with risk of lasting impairment to the patient. This thesis aimed to examine (1) how surgeons decide which patients with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture need an operation, (2) what is the evidence basis for the two most commonly performed operations for patients with this fracture in the UK, (3) Are electronic and manual goniometers and dynamometers able to reliably assess wrist function in patients and healthy volunteers, (4) Does the patients’ functional outcome correspond with their radiological outcome, and (5) what is the long-term outcome of these patients. A number of research methods were employed to achieve these objectives. A mixed methods approach was deployed, involving observations of nineteen patient/surgeon consultations followed by mini interviews with the consulting surgeons, to gain an insight into which patients with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture receive an operation in practice. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 14 Orthopaedic surgeons to explore the patient/surgeon/context related factors that contribute to their decision-making.
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Louw, Frederik Marthinus. "Neurovascular complications in displaced extension-type supracondylar fractures in children : outcome of conservative management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12517.

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Includes bibliographical references
The aim of our study was to review our conservative management of neurovascular complications in displaced extension-type supracond ylar fractures of the humerus in children. We critically analysed the outcomes. Our results shall aim to clarify the management of this contentious issue.
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Books on the topic "Fractures Surgery"

1

Fractures. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.

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American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, ed. Open fractures. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.

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Charnley, John. The Closed treatment of common fractures. 4th ed. Cambridge: Colt Books in association with The John Charnley Trust, 1999.

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Stephan, Baker, ed. Facial fractures. New York: Thieme Medical, 1993.

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A, Pryor Glyn, and Thorngren Karl-Göran, eds. Handbook of hip fracture surgery. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

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Roland, Jakob, and Ganz R, eds. Planning and reduction technique in fracture surgery. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Robert, Judet, and Elson Reginald, eds. Fractures of the acetabulum. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Letournel, E. Fractures of the acetabulum. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Fractures of the proximal femur: Improving outcomes. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders, 2011.

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Schatzker, Joseph. The rationale of operative fracture care. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fractures Surgery"

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Panneerselvam, Elavenil, Poornima Ravi, and B. Sasikala. "Fractures of the Zygomaticomaxillary Complex." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1151–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_56.

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AbstractFractures of the Zygomatico Maxillary complex result in cosmetic deformity as well as functional deficits such as altered vision, restricted mouth opening and paresthesia. Accurate restitution of the form and function of the ZMC is challenging because of its multipoint- articulation within the cranio facial skeleton and the difficulty involved in intra-operative assessment of reduction at all articulations. Management of ZMC fractures is unique; (1) The approaches used for reduction may be different from those for fixation (2) Lack of complete visualization of fracture predisposes to over or under reduction resulting in sub optimal outcomes (3) Philosophies of fixation and stabilization are numerous and debatable.With advancements in the imaging technology, armamentarium and refinement of approaches to fracture, there is an emerging trend towards achieving utmost precision in reduction and fixation with minimally invasive surgical principles. This chapter aims at elaborating the biodynamics of ZMC fractures, the evolution of various techniques for reduction & fixation along with their rationale and finally the cutting-edge technology in management of fractured ZMC.
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Jacob, Oommen Aju, and Akhilesh Prathap. "Maxillary Fractures." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1125–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_55.

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AbstractFacial trauma is often associated with severe morbidity with respect to loss of function and disfigurement. The maxilla is arguably the most anatomically intricate structure of the face and blunt trauma due to interpersonal violence, motor vehicle accidents, gunshot wounds, industrial accidents and falls contribute to etiology of maxillary fractures. Fractures of the midface are often challenging to the maxillofacial surgeon, due to wide variety of patterns of the fracture, diagnostic challenges and treatment dilemmas. The basic tenet in the management of these fractures is to reconstitute the vertical and horizontal buttresses of the midface, thus reestablishing structure and function. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview on the diagnosis, management and treatment of fractures of the Maxilla.
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Mears, Dana C., and Harry E. Rubash. "Fractures and Fracture Dislocations." In Surgery of the Hip Joint, 85–132. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8628-5_5.

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Lawyer, Tracye J., and Patrick F. Bergin. "Fractures." In Orthopedic Surgery Clerkship, 17–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52567-9_3.

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Yildiz, Ulas, and Frank Kandziora. "Sacral Fractures." In Spine Surgery, 299–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98875-7_37.

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Zhang, Wei, and Hui Sun. "Acetabular Fractures." In Hip Surgery, 203–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9331-4_11.

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Grandizio, Louis C., and Meagan M. Fernandez. "Pelvic Fractures." In Pediatric Surgery, 107–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04340-1_17.

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Ricketts, Casssandra, and Meagan Fernandez. "Pelvic Fractures." In Pediatric Surgery, 235–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96542-6_21.

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Parameswaran, Ananthanarayanan, Madhulaxmi Marimuthu, Shreya Panwar, and Beat Hammer. "Orbital Fractures." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1201–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_57.

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AbstractSurgery for orbital trauma is challenging. A good understanding of the orbit, its normal form, function, and the varying patterns of its disruption due to trauma is essential for its proper management. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive clinical overview of all facets of orbital trauma for the young surgeon. The chapter has been structured to include the basics of (i) anatomy, (ii) biomechanics of injury, (iii) classification and their clinical implications, (iv) surgical approaches and (v) management options available for individual types of fractures. Special features of this chapter include descriptions of clinical features exclusive to orbital trauma with a section for management of orbital emergencies. A detailed note is provided for the management of fractures of the orbital floor including guidelines for deep orbital dissection and elaboration of the principles of reconstruction. The role of computer assisted surgery, intra-operative navigation and patient specific implants has also been added to explain the recent advances in this field of surgery.
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Daffner, Scott D. "Thoracolumbar Fractures." In Orthopedic Surgery Clerkship, 475–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52567-9_102.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fractures Surgery"

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Keel, Marius. "Sacral Fractures." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.3.123.

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M Benneker, Lorin. "Osteoporotic Spine Fractures." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.3.122.

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Aebi, Max, and Ahmed Bilal Khalique. "Spinal Trauma and Fractures." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.2.006.

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Aebi, Max. "Classification of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.3.119.

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Etter, Christian. "Specific Surgical Treatment of Subaxial Cervical Spine Fractures C3-C7." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.3.111.

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Keel, Marius, and Timo Ecker. "General Principles and Indication for Conservative Treatment of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.3.120.

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Krasnikov, A. V. "SOME ASPECTS OF MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY OF SMALL NONPRODUCTIVE ANIMALS." In DIGEST OF ARTICLES ALL-RUSSIAN (NATIONAL) SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "CURRENT ISSUES OF VETERINARY MEDICINE: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, PRACTICE", DEDICATED TO THE 190TH ANNIVERSARY FROM THE BIRTH OF A.P. Stepanova. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1853-9-2021-42.

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An analytical review is presented, the purpose of which is todetermine the most important vectors when choosing approaches to reparative osteogenesis in dogs and cats with fractures of the bones of the upper and / or lower jaw. Medical care for all types of fractures should rely on such vectors of functionally stable osteosynthesis as adequate rigid fixation, minimally invasiveness, structural stability, safety and effectiveness of the new product's effect on bone regeneration and on the whole organism as a whole.
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Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen D., Andrew Y. Park, James Guido DiStefano, Jenni M. Buckley, William H. Montgomery, and Christopher D. Grimsrud. "Congruency of Scapula Locking Plates: Implications for Implant Design." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19117.

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While often treated non-operatively, certain displaced scapular fractures have shown improved clinical results with open reduction and internal fixation [1, 2]. Common methods of internal fixation for fractures of the scapula include non-locking and locking fracture plates. Locking scapula plate designs have several advantages over other repair techniques. First, they are site-specific and pre-contoured, which reduces soft-tissue irritation. Soft-tissue irritation is a common patient complaint, ultimately resulting in revision surgery in 7.1% of all scapular fracture cases [3]. A second advantage of locking plate designs is that the fixed angle design also helps create a more stable construct in thin cortical bone. Lastly, the anatomical fit of the locking scapula plates allows for reconstruction of comminuted fractures.
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Adams, Elsbeth, Travis Kiser, Rochelle LaPorte, Tracy Roux, Eric Stanistreet, and Caitlin Storey. "A Partial Weight Bearing Reminder Device for Rehabilitation After Lower Extremity Surgery." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53499.

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Annually, in the United States there are roughly 352,000 incidents of hip fractures [1], 300,000 total hip replacements, and 270,000 total knee replacements, most of which are in adults over age 50 [2]. During rehabilitation, patients who have undergone total knee or hip replacement, cartilage cell transplant, cruciate ligament replacement, meniscus debridement, or complex fracture repairs may be instructed to restrict weight bearing. Partial weight bearing (PWB) includes everything from toe-touch to strict PWB (10–50% of the patients’ body weight), to full weight bearing as tolerated [3]. The restrictions following a hip replacement with a cement-less implant typically require a 6-week PWB regimen [4].
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Vaughan, Neil, and Venketesh N. Dubey. "Virtual Hip Replacement Simulator for 3D Printed Implants." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3496.

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This research presents a virtual reality simulator for total hip replacement surgery. The simulator supports a library of 3D hip stem models for different sizes and manufacturers. The 3D hip stems can be adjusted in size and shape by parametric software and sent for 3D printing. Biocompatible materials such as titanium enable the 3D printed stems to be directly implanted on patients. Currently surgical simulation for orthopaedic procedures is not as advanced as other surgical disciplines. As a result there are only limited training simulators available for orthopaedic surgery such as total hip replacement, hip resurfacing or knee replacement. This is demanding since 66,000 hip replacements are performed annually in the UK. One area which is neglected in VR orthopaedic simulation is the digital library generation of implants. Currently orthopaedic surgeons have limited choice in terms of an exact identification of implant specific to patient requirements. We conducted a literature review of orthopaedic training simulators which found no simulators catering for this [9]. Orthopaedic surgeons generally have a positive opinion for the use of virtual reality (VR) training systems. A survey amongst all orthopaedic surgeons in New Zealand found that 77% of qualified surgeons believe simulation is effective for practicing and learning surgical procedures [1]. A separate review from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) showed that over 80% agreed that surgical skills simulations should become a required part of orthopaedic training, based on views from 185 program directors and 4549 residents. There was a strong agreement that simulation technology should be a required component of orthopaedic resident training [2]. The hip replacement procedure has been considered as the most successful and influential orthopaedic surgery of the twentieth century. Currently over 66,000 total hip replacements (THR) are performed each year in England and Wales by the National Health Service (NHS) and around 75,000 hip fractures are treated each year in the UK. Knee arthroscopy has increased 49% from 1996–2006 and now over 1 million are performed each year [3]. Each year there are an increasing number of orthopaedic procedures due to the aging population. Currently 247,000 hip fractures occur yearly in the United States, with the majority occurring in the population over 45 years old [4]. The incidence of hip fracture is also on the rise, partly due to the aging population, with over half a million hip fractures annually expected by 2040. The cost of these fractures is also expected to rise from $7 billion per year [4], to nearly $16 billion per year by 2040 [5]. Each hip fracture is estimated at costing between $39,555 and $40,600 in the first year after surgery [6]. Hip fractures have the highest cost of any orthopaedic procedure after surgery, and also incur $11,241 each year following surgery in extra health costs. Due to increased life expectancy, worldwide by 2050, it is projected that 6.26 million hip fractures will occur annually [7]. A paradigm shift is underway toward use of surgical training simulations [8]. The conventional master-apprentice learning model for surgical training of ‘see one, do one, teach one’ has recently been seen as inefficient. Due to orthopaedics being heavily dependent on technical skill, orthopaedic VR simulation holds potential to have great impact for improving surgical skill. The transition to VR simulation is relatively new compared to cadaver training which has been the gold standard for several centuries.
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Reports on the topic "Fractures Surgery"

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Bhushan, Sandeep, Xin Huang, Zongwei Xiao, and Yuanqiong Duan. The impact of regional versus general anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0110.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the prevalence of postoperative delirium (POD) or postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) between regional and general anesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Condition being studied: About 1.6 million people suffer hip fractures each year globally1. The risk of hip fracture-related postoperative mortality within 30 days approximately was 8.2% in December 2020, up 1.5% from December 2016. Across the world, the aging population is growing, and a significant number of elderly patients are undergoing various kinds of orthopedic surgeries. Age as an important independent high-risk factor is associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs), which not only increases the rate but also causes a serious economic and social burden. One previous study investigated that between 2012 and 2016, the absolute total number of hip fractures in people aged 55 and older increased by about 4 times due to an aging population12. In addition, Bhushan et al. reported that along with the increasing aging of society, the incidence rate of POCD is 5% to 56% in the elderly over 55 years old after surgery morbidity and mortality but also causes a serious economic and social burden.
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Wiseman, Patrick, and Michael O’Riordan. Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block - An Evidence Based Discussion. World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28923/atotw.478.

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This tutorial explores the Pericapsular Nerve (PENG) Block, a novel regional anaesthesia technique which has been suggested as an alternative to existing blocks to reduce pain following hip fractures and hip surgery.
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Zhou, Yujun, Qing Wang, Lin Lv, Hongyan Zhang, Dongli She, Long Ge, and Lin Han. Predictors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0028.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture in order to provide a reference for clinical practice. Condition being studied: Hip fracture has become a major public health issue of common concern in both developed and developing countries. and its incidence is estimated to rise to 6.26 million by 2050. Hip fracture patients are prone to various complications during treatment and rehabilitation, and pressure injury (PI) is one of the common complications of hip fracture. Studies have reported that the incidence of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture is 3.4%-59.8%. In addition, pressure injury may occur at any time when patients with hip fracture are hospitalized, which not only greatly aggregates the pain of patients, but also increases the difficulty of treatment and nursing, and seriously threatens the safety of patients. Clarifying the influencing factors of pressure injury after hip fracture will help medical staff quickly identify high-risk patients and strengthen preventive measures. However, previous studies have only discussed the influence of individual factors on the occurrence of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture from the perspectives of diabetes and early surgery, and there is still a lack of systematic analysis on the influencing factors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture.
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Feng, Ningning, Jianbin Guan, Xing Yu, Wenhao Li, Tao Liu, Guozheng Jiang, Kaitan Yang, Yongdong Yang, and He Zhao. Jintiange Capsule May Have a Positive Effect in OVCF Patients with percutaneous vertebral augmentation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0038.

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Review question / Objective: We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of JTG capsules on patients with OVCF underwent PVA surgery, focusing on clinical outcomes and drug safety. Condition being studied: This meta-analysis aims to systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy and adverse effects of JTG with PVA in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Our current evidence suggests that JTG capsule may relieve pain in OVCF patients who underwent PVA surgery, improve functional activity, and increase BMD, particularly in patients under the age of 70, as well as increase BGP levels.However, considering the unsatisfactory quality of the included trials, more high-quality trials are needed to prove this issue.
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Sun, Ying, Yanhui Liu, Yaning Zhu, Ruzhen Luo, Yiwei Luo, Shanshan Wang, and Zihang Feng. Risk Prediction Models of Mortality after Hip Fracture Surgery in the Elderly: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0111.

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Zhao, Jia-Guo, Yi-Zhi Huang, Jie Wang, and Lin Liu. Regional vs General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0146.

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Xuan, Wen-Kai, Teng-Jia Ma, and Ying-Hui Hua. Outcome Comparison of Rehabilitation, Open Operation and Endoscopic Surgery on Treatment of Avulsion Fracture of Lateral Malleolus, a Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.5.0042.

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Surgery is no more effective than a sling for misaligned shoulder fractures. National Institute for Health Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000087.

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Ultrasound therapy doesn’t speed healing of leg fracture after surgery. National Institute for Health Research, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000377.

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