Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fracture toughness

Academic literature on the topic 'Fracture toughness'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fracture toughness"

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Kantor, Matvey Matveevich, Konstantin Grigorievich Vorkachev, Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Bozhenov, and Konstantin Aleksandrovich Solntsev. "The Role of Splitting Phenomenon under Fracture of Low-Carbon Microalloyed X80 Pipeline Steels during Multiple Charpy Impact Tests." Applied Mechanics 3, no. 3 (June 24, 2022): 740–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030044.

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The ambiguity of the splitting effect on X80 low-carbon microalloyed pipeline steels’ tendency towards brittle fracture prompted an experimental study of impact toughness scattering based on multiple Charpy impact tests in a temperature range from 20 °C to −100 °C. A fractographic analysis of a large number of fractured samples was carried out. The relationships between impact toughness, deformability and splitting characteristics were studied. A number of common features of three X80 low-carbon microalloyed pipeline steel fractures were revealed. It was experimentally established that the reason for the scattering of the impact toughness values during completely ductile fracture of specimens, as well as during fracture accompanied by the splitting formation, is the local inhomogeneity of plastic properties. The higher the susceptibility to the formation of splits for a particular steel, the lower the impact toughness. Using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, an uneven distribution of local plasticity in the plastic zone of impact-fractured specimens was established. A comparative analysis of specimens with equal impact toughness values at different test temperatures makes it possible to identify the mechanism of negative splitting influence compensation by the increased plasticity of certain specimen.
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Kubošová, Andrea, Miroslav Karlík, Petr Haušild, and J. Prahl. "Fracture Behaviour of Fe3Al and FeAl Type Iron Aluminides." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.349.

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Fracture behaviour of two intermetallic alloys based on FeAl and Fe3Al was studied. On the alloys Fe-40Al-1C (at%) and Fe-29.5Al-2.3Cr-0.63Zr-0.2C (at%) (FA06Z), a basic characterization, the fracture toughness tests and fractographic analysis were carried out. Tensile tests and fracture toughness tests were performed at 20, 200, 400 and 600°C. The fracture toughness values range from 26 MPa.m1/2 at 20°C to 42 MPa.m1/2 at 400°C. In addition, Jintegral dependence on a obtained by potential method was measured. The fractographic analysis showed that samples fractured at 20, 200 and 400°C in the tensile or fracture toughness tests exhibit transgranular cleavage fracture, while at 600°C the ductile dimple fracture predominates.
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Nakano, Yoshifumi. "Fracture Toughness of Steels. (II). Fracture Toughness Test Methods." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 61, no. 7 (1992): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.61.7_544.

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An, Gyubaek, Jeongung Park, Hongkyu Park, and Ilwook Han. "Fracture Toughness Characteristics of High-Manganese Austenitic Steel Plate for Application in a Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier." Metals 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11122047.

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High-manganese austenitic steel was developed to improve the fracture toughness and safety of steel under cryogenic temperatures, and its austenite structure was formed by increasing the Mn content. The developed high-manganese austenitic steel was alloyed with austenite-stabilizing elements (e.g., C, Mn, and Ni) to increase cryogenic toughness. It was demonstrated that 30 mm thickness high-manganese austenitic steel, as well as joints welded with this steel, had a sufficiently higher fracture toughness than the required toughness values evaluated under the postulated stress conditions. High-manganese austenitic steel can be applied to large offshore and onshore LNG storage and fuel tanks located in areas experiencing cryogenic conditions. Generally, fracture toughness decreases at lower temperatures; therefore, cryogenic steel requires high fracture toughness to prevent unstable fractures. Brittle fracture initiation and arrest tests were performed using 30 mm thickness high-manganese austenitic steel and SAW joints. The ductile fracture resistance of the weld joints (weld metal, fusion line, fusion line + 2 mm) was investigated using the R-curve because a crack in the weld joint tends to deviate into the weld metal in the case of undermatched joints. The developed high-manganese austenitic steel showed little possibility of brittle fracture and a remarkably unstable ductile fracture toughness.
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An, Gyubaek, Jeongung Park, Mituru Ohata, and Fumiyoshi Minami. "Fracture Assessment of Weld Joints of High-Strength Steel in Pre-Strained Condition." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071306.

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Unstable fractures tend to occur after ductile crack initiation or propagation. In most collapsed steel structures, a maximum 15% pre-strain was recorded, at the steel structural connections, during the great earthquake of 1995, in Japan. Almost-unstable fractures were observed in the beam-to-column connections, where geometrical discontinuities existed. Structural collapse and unstable failure occurred after large-scale plastic deformations. Ship structures can also suffer from unstable fractures in the welded joints. The fracture resistance of butt-welded joints subjected to tension in the pre-strained condition was estimated by considering the toughness deterioration, due to pre-strain and toughness correction for constraint loss in a tension specimen. The target specimen for this fracture assessment was a double-edged, through-thickness crack panel, with a crack in the weld joint (heat-affected zone (HAZ)). The critical fracture toughness value (crack tip opening displacement (CTOD)) of a large structure with pre-strain, which was applied to the HAZ region, was estimated from a small-scale, pre-stained, three-point bend specimen. Fracture toughness values, evaluated by a CTOD test, were recently mandated for shipbuilding steel plates. The critical fracture toughness value is a very useful parameter to evaluate the safety of huge ship structures.
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Štefan, Jan, Jan Siegl, Jan Adámek, Radim Kopřiva, and Michal Falcník. "Microstructure and Failure Processes of Reactor Pressure Vessel Austenitic Cladding." Metals 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111676.

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This paper is dedicated to an experimental program focused on the evaluation of microstructure and failure mechanisms of WWER 440 type nuclear reactor pressure vessel cladding made from Sv 08Kh19N10G2B stainless steel. Static fracture toughness tests performed on standard precracked single edge bend specimens revealed extreme variations in fracture toughness values, J0.2. Fractured halves of test specimens were subject to detailed fractographic and metallographic analyses in order to identify the causes of this behavior and to determine the relationship between local microstructure, failure mode and fracture toughness. Results indicated that fracture toughness of the cladding was adversely affected by the brittle cracking of sigma particles which caused a considerable decrease in local ductile tearing resistance. Extreme variations in relative amounts of sigma phase, as well as the extreme overall structural heterogeneity of the cladding determined in individual specimens, provided a reasonable explanation for variations in fracture toughness values.
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Tyson, W. R., O. Vosikovsky, B. Faucher, and D. J. Burns. "Brittle Fracture in Heavy Section Welded T-Joints: Correlation Between Stress Intensity at Fracture and Small-Specimen Toughness Tests." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 112, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919835.

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A fracture mechanics analysis has been made of brittle fractures encountered during a program of fatigue tests of welded plate T-joints. Fracture toughnesses are in reasonable agreement with small-sample test results, if the following factors are taken into account: a specimen size effect (with larger samples having lower toughness); existence of a substantial contribution to the stress intensity factor from residual stresses; and shakedown of residual stresses, with shakedown increasing with increasing applied stress.
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Wang, Wenke, Yang Guo, Yuanbo Li, and Zhengning Li. "Fracture Toughness of Different Region Materials from a Dissimilar Metal Welded Joint in Steam Turbine Rotor." Coatings 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020174.

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This study systematically evaluated the fracture toughness of a CrMoV/NiCrMoV dissimilar metal welded joint (DMWJ) with buttering layer technology in a steam turbine rotor. The fracture resistance curves and parameters of base metals (BM-1 and BM-2), weld metal (WM), buttering layer (BL), and heat-affected zones (HAZ-1 and HAZ-2) in the welded joint were all obtained. The characteristic microstructures, carbides, and fracture surfaces were observed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed a different fracture toughness of each region in the DMWJ. The BM-1 showed a brittle fracture mode, mainly related to the directional needle-shaped carbide M3C. However, HAZ-1, BL, WM, HAZ-2, and BM-2 illustrated ductile fracture mode. The tempered microstructure and dispersed carbides increased the toughness of each material. Except for BM-1, the ductile fracture toughnesses of BL and WM were low in DMWJ due to coarse spherical carbide M7C3. The fracture toughness in the middle of HAZs was higher than that of the corresponding BMs owing to the fine tempered martensite and bainite. The fracture toughness along DMWJ appeared uneven. In sum, these findings look promising for the accurate integrity evaluation of DMWJs.
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BAEK, SEUNG, and CHANG-SUNG SEOK. "FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF DLC ON SILICON USING NANO-INDENTATION AND FEA." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041112.

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In this study, using the nano and micro-indentation tests and finite element analysis (FEA), we investigated the fracture behaviors of diamond like carbon (DLC) on silicon in indentation state. Diamond like carbon coating of 3μm and 1.5μm thickness were deposited on polished (100) single crystal silicon substrates by radio frequency plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (RF-PACVD), respectively. Fracture toughness of DLC films was calculated from the measured lengths of the cracks formed by nano and micro-indentation on each sample. We used various equations such as Lawn's and Liang's equation to calculate the fracture toughness. The effective fracture toughnesses of these DLC films were 1.2 ~1.3 MPam 0.5, calculated by Lawn's and Liang's equations. The true fracture toughness of DLC on silicon, excluding the portion of fracture toughness due to a substrate, was determined to be 4.0~5.1 MPam 0.5. DLC films with crack initiation and propagation were analyzed by finite element method.
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Sun, Yong Xing, Yuan Hua Lin, Long He, Tai he Shi, Da Jiang Zhu, Li Ping Chen, and Su Jun Liu. "Dynamic Fracture Toughness Test and Evaluation for S135 Drill Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2035.

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During oil-drilling, the fractures of drill tool thread and piercement of drill pipe upset transition are very common in drill pipe failure as an object of petroleum and metallurgical researchers home and abroad. The classical fracture mechanics can only resolve the static fracture problem of oil country tubular goods (OCTG), but not resolve drill pipe failure under dynamic load. It is well known that the API 5D just prescribes strength criterion of drill pipe material but fracture toughness of drill pipe material. So, it is important to study dynamic fracture toughness of drill pipe material and present appropriate toughness criterion, which can not only optimize the drill string structural design, but also reduce fracture failure of drill string. On the basis of presenting main test means of dynamic fracture toughness and referring to the Charpy V test, the new impact experiment instrument is developed. Numerical and experimental comparisons show that the repeated dynamic fracture toughness tested by the impact experiment instrument is more accurate than one time impact, which can better show material characteristic and provide a reliable way to distinguish material characteristic, in the meantime, the correlations between dynamic fracture toughness of drill pipe material and failure of drill pipe is obtained.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fracture toughness"

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Chung, Wai-Nang. "Fracture toughness and creep fracture studies of polyethylenes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46720.

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Daming, Duan. "Fracture toughness and term fracture behaviour of polyethylenes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243909.

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Hayes, D. A. "The fracture toughness of dental amalgams." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317412.

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SAKAIDA, Yoshihisa, and Keisuke TANAKA. "Evaluation of Fracture Toughness of Porous Ceramics." The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9181.

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Sieurin, Henrik. "Fracture toughness properties of duplex stainless steels." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3964.

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Kuhl, Adam. "A technique to measure interfacial fracture toughness." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16626.

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Westphal, Mark Emil. "Fracture toughness of coral graphite cast iron." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16892.

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Tinston, S. F. "Fracture toughness of mechanised pipeline girth welds." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381698.

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Smith, Matthew S. "Bone fracture toughness of estrogen deficient rabbits." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3094.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-96).
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de, Faria Teixeira Rita. "Translaminar fracture toughness of CFRP : from the toughness of individual plies to the toughness of the laminate." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/26112.

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The translaminar fracture toughness of fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) is important for characterising the failure resistance of composite structures. Measuring the translaminar fracture toughness for any possible layup is not feasible. Therefore, it is of interest to relate the translaminar toughness of a laminate to that of its plies. Numerous studies have measured the translaminar fracture toughness of composite laminates and of individual plies. However, any attempts to relate the two have so far been very limited, and restricted to initiation values. This work presents experimental and analytical research on Compact Tension (CT) tests on several T800s/M21 carbon-epoxy laminates with different combinations of 0° , ±45 and 90° plies, and with various ply thicknesses. Post-mortem techniques, such as X-ray, optical and scanning electron microscopy, were used to determine the damage extent in each specimen. Acoustic emission (AE) was also used to sequence the occurrence of the failure mechanisms. Failure mechanisms found in the multidirectional laminates included a combination of the failure mechanisms found on bidirectional laminates ( /90° ) made of its constituent plies. Ply splitting, fibre bridging and fibre pull-out were the main features characterizing the fracture surfaces. Assuming that the damage can be represented as a single crack, the resistance curve (R-curve) for each layup was extracted from these tests. From each laminate R-curve, three distinct fracture toughness values were obtained for each layup: non-linearity onset, initiation and propagation. The R-curves were used to define a trilinear cohesive law for each layup, and the specimens were then successfully simulated using a cohesive approach in a Finite Element (FE) model. On the one hand, there was good agreement supporting the representation of translaminar damage as a cohesive crack. On the other hand, damage was considerably diffuse when the laminate included substantial ply-blocking, thus suggesting that a single equivalent crack may, in some cases, neglect some important aspects of translaminar damage (as well as delamination). Four analytical predictive models were used to predict the translaminar toughness of the laminates from that of the constituent plies. The assumption of translaminar fracture toughness additivity by means of a rule of mixtures correlated best with the experimental results. The experimental results for a mode I crack propagation in a 45° ply were shown to corroborate a simple analytical model which relates the critical energy release rate of a 45° ply to those of 0 and 90 plies. Thickness size effects were investigated by using different 0 ply thicknesses, by means of 0° ply-blocks and using two grades of the same material system. Since it was found that excessive ply-blocking can lead to significantly diffuse damage, a second study with thin-ply TR50s/K51 carbon-epoxy system was conducted, leading to the first translaminar fracture characterisation of a 0° CFRP ply for a range of thicknesses from 0.03 mm to 0.12 mm. The toughness of the 0° plies was confirmed to be significantly dependent on the thickness, even for ranges of thicknesses where delamination does not play a significant role.
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Books on the topic "Fracture toughness"

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Fracture resistance of aluminum alloys: Notch toughness, tear resistance, and fracture toughness. Washington, D.C: Aluminum Association, 2001.

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L, Mings S., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Fracture toughness of polyimide films. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Munro, R. G. Fracture toughness data for brittle materials. Gaithersburg, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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Tinston, Stephen F. Fracture toughness of mechanised pipeline girth welds. Salford: University of Salford, 1988.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Fracture toughness testing of polymer matrix composites. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1992.

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Tam, Laura Eva. Fracture toughness and the dentin-composite interface. [Toronto: s.n.], 1993.

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Perek, John. Fracture toughness of composite acrylic bone cements. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., ed. Fracture toughness and crack growth of Zerodur. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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Great Britain. Department of Energy. and University of Strathclyde. Materials Testing Laboratories. Division of Mechanics of Materials., eds. Compendium of fracture toughness data on weldments. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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International Workshop on Fracture Toughness and Fracture Energy$ (1988 Sendai, Japan). Fracture toughness and fracture energy: Test methods for concrete and rock : International Workshop on Fracture Toughness and Fracture Energy, Sendai, Japan, 12-14 October 1988. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fracture toughness"

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Labille, Jérôme, Natalia Pelinovskaya, Céline Botta, Jean-Yves Bottero, Armand Masion, Dilip S. Joag, Richard G. Forbes, et al. "Fracture Toughness." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 884. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100260.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Fracture Toughness." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 324. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5271.

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Gupta, Nikhil, Dinesh Pinisetty, and Vasanth Chakravarthy Shunmugasamy. "Fracture Toughness." In Reinforced Polymer Matrix Syntactic Foams, 59–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01243-8_8.

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Zehnder, Alan T. "Fracture Toughness Tests." In Fracture Mechanics, 109–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2595-9_6.

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Perez, Nestor. "Fracture Toughness Correlations." In Fracture Mechanics, 373–408. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24999-5_10.

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Domone, Peter, and Marios Soutsos. "Fracture and toughness." In Construction Materials, 59–66. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164595-5.

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Dlouhý, I., V. Kozák, and M. Holzmann. "Toughness Scaling Model Applications." In Transferability of Fracture Mechanical Characteristics, 195–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0608-8_14.

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Kobayashi, Toshiro. "Basic Concepts of Fracture Mechanics." In Strength and Toughness of Materials, 17–32. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53973-5_2.

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John, Vernon. "Toughness and Fracture of Materials." In Introduction to Engineering Materials, 121–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21976-6_10.

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Dempsey, John P. "The Fracture Toughness of Ice." In Ice-Structure Interaction, 109–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84100-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fracture toughness"

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Backers, T., and O. Stephansson. "Fracture Mechanics - Fracture Toughness Determination." In 70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshops and Fieldtrips. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147956.

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Krave, S., and C. English. "Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Testing of Nb3Sn Insulation Systems." In Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Testing of Nb3Sn Insulation Systems. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2205001.

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"Fracture Toughness of Polymer Concrete." In SP-118: Fracture Mechanics: Application to Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2921.

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Li, Yuebing, Weiya Jin, Zengliang Gao, Zhenyu Ding, and Yuebao Lei. "Characteristic Values of Fracture Toughness Test Data." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63891.

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Fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel materials appears obvious scatter. It is desirable in assessment codes to characterize fracture toughness by a low fractile of its distribution. This low fractile is known as a characteristic value. However, the real distribution type is unknown, and usually assumed to be normal, lognormal or Weibull. In this paper, the characteristic values with given confidence level and probability are obtained by one-sided tolerance factors for normal, lognormal and Weibull distribution. These characteristic values are compared with that obtained with minimum of three equivalent.
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Budzik, Michal Kazimierz. "Length Scales of Interfacial Fracture Toughness." In The 5th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icmie19.01.

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Minicucci, Domingos José, Marcelo Geraldo Rocha Milagres, and Renato Lyra Villas Boas. "Fracture Toughness Test in Railway Wheels." In SAE Brasil 2007 Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2584.

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Pisarski, Henryk, and Bostjan Bezensek. "Estimating Fracture Toughness From Charpy Data." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95787.

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Abstract Circumstances arise when direct determination of fracture toughness, necessary for conducting Engineering Critical Assessments (ECAs), is not possible but Charpy data are available. These situations can arise, for example, when assessments are needed for existing equipment to demonstrate avoidance of fracture or preliminary assessments are required when only specification properties are available. Some of the empirical procedures that may be used to estimate fracture toughness of steels are described. These are based on a recent revision and update of Annex J of BS 7910; the latter provides an integrated method for conducting ECAs. Procedures for estimating fracture toughness from Charpy data representing lower shelf (energies less than 27J), transitional (based on T27J or T40J (Charpy temperatures for 27J or 40J, respectively)) and upper shelf Charpy behaviour are described. In addition, a method is described for estimating T27J when determining fracture toughness from transitional Charpy behaviour where an incomplete transition curve or only single temperature data are available. The thinking behind the procedures is described and examples for their validation (i.e. predictions of fracture toughness compared with actual data) are provided.
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Jones, Bethany, Kary Thanapalan, and Ewen Constant. "Fracture Toughness Prediction of Composite Materials." In 2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codit.2019.8820438.

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Ganpatye, Atul S., and Vikram K. Kinra. "Fracture Toughness of Space Shuttle Foam." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15789.

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Fracture toughness of the rigid, low-density, closed-cell, polyurethane, foam used for insulation on the Space Shuttle External Tank is investigated. Data were obtained by loading double-edge-notched specimens in tension. To account for the anisotropic nature of the foam, two types, of specimens were tested so as to represent fracture properties along two different material directions. Additionally, for each type of specimen, two different notch sizes were tested.
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Curtin, Paul R., Steve Constantinides, and Patricia Iglesias Victoria. "Fracture Toughness of Samarium Cobalt Magnets." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53435.

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Abstract:
Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) magnets have been the magnet of choice for a variety of industries for many years due to their favorable magnetic properties. Their high coercivity, combined with a low temperature coefficient, make them the ideal permanent magnet for demanding high temperature applications. One of the biggest concerns with rare earth magnets is their brittleness. Samarium Cobalt magnets in particular are prone to fracturing during machining and assembly. In manufacturing, great care must be taken to avoid chipping or fracturing these magnets due to their brittle nature. There are two main grades of Samarium Cobalt magnets, 1:5 and 2:17. These ratios define the nominal ratio of rare earth to transition metal content. In this paper, an investigation is performed on the fracture toughness of permanent magnets based on the Samarium Cobalt 2:17 composition. Various techniques are used to characterize the microstructure of the material, and quantify the material properties. Optical microscopy is used to characterize the grain structure of the material and quantify the porosity of the material after sintering. By comparing the average grain size and fracture toughness of several samples, grain size was shown to not affect fracture toughness in standard material. Latent cracks in defective material showed no preference to follow grain boundaries, oxides inclusions or voids. River marks in fracture surfaces are seen through scanning electron microscopy, confirming the transgranular cracking pattern seen by Li et al [1]This suggests that the toughness of the material is an inherent property of the main phase, not of grain boundaries or contaminants. Samarium Cobalt magnets exhibit both mechanical and magnetic anisotropy due to the alignment of their crystal structure in the manufacturing process. Using Palmqvist indentation crack techniques, the magnetic orientation of the grains was seen to greatly influence the direction of crack propagation from the tip of the indenter. Measurements of fracture toughness using this technique produce highly scattered data due to this anisotropic nature of the material. Specimens loaded with the indenter axis parallel to the direction of orientation show normal Palmqvist cracks, while specimens loaded perpendicular to the direction of magnetization exhibit crack propagation initiating from the faces of the indenter. To better quantify the material’s brittleness, fracture testing is performed on specially prepared samples to obtain an absolute measure of fracture toughness (K1c). Results show that SmCo is measurably weaker than other magnetic materials such as neodymium iron boron magnets[2]. Furthermore, neither relative concentration of Samarium nor source of raw material show notable effect on the fracture toughness of the material.
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Reports on the topic "Fracture toughness"

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Burns, S. J. Fracture toughness of materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6493240.

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2

Morgan, Michael J. Hydrogen fracture toughness tester completion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1222742.

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Nanstad, R. K., M. A. Sokolov, and D. E. McCabe. Fracture toughness curve shift method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/223658.

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Castelluccio, Gustavo, Hojun Lim, John Emery, and Corbett Battaile. Fracture Toughness of Microstructural Gradients. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1761823.

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Morgan, M., M. Michael Tosten, and S. Scott West. TRITIUM EFFECTS ON WELDMENT FRACTURE TOUGHNESS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891669.

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Munro, R. G., S. W. Freiman, and T. L. Baker. Fracture toughness data for brittle materials. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6153.

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Wang, Jy-An John. Fracture Toughness Evaluation for Spent Nuclear Fuel Clad Systems Using Spiral Notch Torsion Fracture Toughness Test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1530074.

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Henager, Charles H., and Ba Nghiep Nguyen. Fracture Toughness Prediction for MWCNT Reinforced Ceramics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1118114.

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Kane, Steve. Fracture Toughness Requirements for RHIC Cryogenic Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119164.

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Burchell, Timothy D., Donald L. Erdman, III, Rick R. Lowden, James A. Hunter, and Cara C. Hannel. The Fracture Toughness of Nuclear Graphites Grades. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1352770.

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