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Journal articles on the topic 'Fractographic analyzes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Quinn, George D. "A History of the Fractography of Brittle Materials." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.1.

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The evolution of the science of fractography of brittle materials initially was driven by failure analysis problems. Early analyses focused on general patterns of fracture and how they correlated to the loading conditions. Many early documents are simply descriptive, but the curiosity of some key scientists and engineers was aroused. Scientific or engineering explanations for the observed patterns gradually were developed. Advances in microscopy and flaw based theories of strength and fracture mechanics led to dramatic advances in the state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials. Introduction: This author was drawn backwards in time as he researched the current state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials for his fractography guide book.[ ] Others have written about how the fractographic analysis of metals evolved (e.g., [ , , , ]), but there is no analogue for ceramics and glasses. The key scientists, engineers, and analysts who contributed to our field are shown in Fig. 1. Other work done by industry workers who were unable or loathe to publish is now lost, inaccessible, forgotten, or even discarded. It is the goal of this paper to review the key publications and mark the noteworthy advances in the field. Some deem fractography as the study of fracture surfaces, but this author takes a broader view. Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing fractured specimens or components and, for example, a simple examination of the fragments and how they fit together to study the overall breakage pattern is a genuine fractographic analysis.

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Tanaka, Sumio, Yukio Hirose, and Keisuke Tanaka. "X-ray Fractographic Study on Alumina and Zirconia Ceramics." Advances in X-ray Analysis 34 (1990): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800015032.

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The residual stress left on the fracture surface is one of the important parameters in X-ray fractographic study. It has been used to analyze fracture mechanisms in fracture toughness and fatigue tests especially of high strength steels.In this paper, X-ray fractography was applied to brittle fracture of alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZΓO2) ceramics.

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3

Maros, Maria Berkes, Nikoletta Kaulics Helmeczi, and Ján Dusza. "Qualitative and Quantitative Fractographic Analysis of Dynamically Impacted Si₃N₄ Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 589 (June 2008): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.73.

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Si3N4 is widely used as a structural ceramic, therefore mechanical characterization, especially in dynamic loading conditions is important task. In the framework of a comprehensive research work aiming at characterizing the dynamic failure process of Si3N4 based ceramics we executed instrumented impact tests. Beside determining various mechanical characteristics we executed failure analysis by fractography, as well. The current paper focuses on the fractographic analysis of the dynamic failure processes of the investigated Si3N4 based ceramics. A detailed morphological analysis has been carried out determining qualitative and quantitative features using macro- and micro-fractography.

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Oudbashi, Omid, and Russell Wanhill. "Long-Term Embrittlement of Ancient Copper and Silver Alloys." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 2287–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030130.

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The manifestations of ancient metals’ embrittlement, cracking and fracture, are challenging problems for restorers and conservators, yet the scientific understanding of these problems is limited. In particular, the study and interpretation of fracture surfaces, fractography, is a minor or non-existent consideration for most archaeometallurgical investigations. This paper presents a survey of fractographic analyses, in combination with the more widely used disciplines of microstructural studies, metallography, and chemical analyses for some Old-World copper alloy (bronzes) and high-silver alloy artifacts that have undergone long-term corrosion and embrittlement damage. We show that fractography, as an adjunct to metallography, can improve the interpretation of these types of damage and assist in selecting the best methods for restoration and conservation of the objects made from these alloys.

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UCHIDA, Hitoshi, Shozo INOUE, Tomohiro MAEKAWA, and Keiji KOTERAZAWA. "Fractography. Fractographic Analysis of Stress Corrosion Cracking with Electron Channeling Patterns." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 46, no. 6 (1997): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.597.

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6

Weber, L. J., and W. A. Nixon. "Fracture Toughness of Freshwater Ice—Part I: Experimental Technique and Results." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828822.

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Experiments have been performed to determine the effect of loading rate and temperature on the fracture toughness of both granular and S2 columnar freshwater ice. Loading rate was varied from 0.04 to 40.0 kPam s-1, and over this range the fracture toughness was observed to decrease from 201 to 109 kPam. Examination of load—CMOD curves indicate that at a loading rate of 40 kPam s-1, the crack tip plasticity was sufficiently limited that the specimen behavior can be considered linear elastic, thus providing a valid Kq measurement. When test temperature was varied from −5 to −45°C for the S2 columnar ice, no significant variation in toughness was observed. In contrast, for granular ice, a higher toughness (144 kPam) was observed in the −5 to −20°C range than for the S2 columnar ice. However, the toughness of the granular ice at−45°C is not significantly different from that of the S2 columnar ice. A companion paper (Weber and Nixon, 1996) analyzes the results in greater detail comparing them with previous work, and presents a detailed fractographic analysis of the failure surfaces.

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7

Skibicki, Dariusz, Janusz Sempruch, and Łukasz Pejkowski. "Steel X2CrNiMo17-12-2 Testing for Uniaxial, Proportional and Non-Proportional Loads as Delivered and in the Annealed Condition." Materials Science Forum 726 (August 2012): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.726.171.

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The article presents the results of fatigue life and fractographic testing of steel X2CrNiMo17-12-2 exposed to proportional and non-proportional fatigue loads. The following load types were applied: tension-compressive strength, torsion, proportional combined/complex loads produced by tension-compressive strength and torsion as well as non-proportional combined load – by tension-compressive strength and torsion by the phase shift angle φ=90°. The paper analyses the effect of the load method on the fatigue life and fractography of fatigue fractures recorded, and especially the effect of non-proportional load.

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8

Stach, Sebastian, Stanisław Roskosz, Jerzy Cybo, and Jan Cwajna. "Quantitative Description of Overlaps on Sialon Ceramics Fractures by the Multifractal Method." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.394.

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A quantitative description of overlaps on fractures in sialon ceramics, is presented in the paper. A conventional analysis, aiming at the determination of the percentage share of overlaps on the basis of quantitative fractography, was preceded by stereometric/fractal analyses. They enabled the selection of representative sections of samples and then, the production of transverse microsections in those places for an analysis of the fractures’ profiles using the light microscopy method and fractographic image analysis. Based on the compared results from both methods, a successful verification was made of the research methodology developed earlier for sintered carbides and proven for a chromium-molybdenum steel.

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9

Maros, Maria Berkes, Nikoletta Kaulics Helmeczi, Péter Arató, and Csaba Balázsi. "Mechanical and Fractographic Analyses of Monolithic Si₃N₄ Ceramics during Impact Testing." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.338.

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A comprehensive experimental and theoretical work aiming at studying the dynamic failure process of silicon nitride ceramics has been recently started. The main goal of this research programme consists in characterizing the mechanical behaviour of the material under dynamic loading as well as investigating the dynamic failure process using micro- and macro-fractography. The current paper deals with the phenomenon of special rate dependence of KId dynamic fracture toughness of Si3N4 based ceramics. The KId values have been determined during instrumented impact test on the one hand based on the dynamic key curve method using notched specimens, on the other hand based on fractographic analyses of fracture surface of impacted unnotched samples.

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10

Ivasenko, I. B., O. R. Berehulyak, and R. A. Vorobel. "Analysis of dimple shape on fractographic heat-resistant steel images." Information extraction and processing 2018, no. 46 (December 27, 2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2018.46.034.

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11

Krechkovska, Halyna, Oleksandra Student, Grzegorz Lesiuk, and José Correia. "Features of the microstructural and mechanical degradation of long term operated mild steel." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2017-0056.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the technical state of old and repair steels of Shukhov’s tower elements after operation during ~ 110 and 70 years of the water tower in Nikolaev, basing on their mechanical tests, metallography and fractography investigations. Design/methodology/approach For their certification, the fractographic and structural features and mechanical properties (hardness, strength, plasticity and impact toughness) were analyzed. Both the steels under consideration were characterized by low values of hardness and brittle fracture resistance. The mechanical characteristics of the old steel are lower compared with the repair one. It cannot be only explained by the quality of metal rolling. Moreover, the plasticity characteristics of both steels, defined in synthetic acid rain environment, are lower than in the air. Using fractography investigation, the operational damages in the bulk metal in the form of the elements of cleavage fracture in the central part of the fracture surfaces of specimens tested at the hydrogenation condition by synthetic acid rain environment were revealed. Findings The results of this study suggested a degradation of steels’ characteristics caused by the development of scattering damages during their operation. Higher relative elongation of the old steel at lower hardness and impact toughness were also evidenced in that. The metallography and fractography investigations also supported this finding. Originality/value This original study aimed at characterizing the microstructural and mechanical degradation of mild steels that was collected from Shukhov’s tower structural elements.

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Øilo, M., W. Yan, and D. Arola. "Fractographic analyses of dentin." Dental Materials 33 (2017): e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.119.

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Lohbauer, Ulrich, Michael Wendler, Doreen Rapp, and Renan Belli. "Fractographic analysis of lithium silicate crown failures during sintering." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 7 (January 2019): 2050313X1983896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x19838962.

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The two-step production process of glass-ceramic dental restorations involves a computer-aided design/computer-aided machining step followed by a crystallization firing for the final material properties to be achieved. Certain firing parameters are believed to trigger spontaneous fracture of crowns during the cooling process. In this study, cooling fractures have been reproducibly observed and investigated using fractography combined with material (glass transition temperature) and process (cooling rate) characterization. Stress distribution was visualized using birefringence measurements. Fractographic observations revealed fracture starting at the intaglio side of the crowns specifically at contact points with the support firing pins. Further analysis showed that a fast cooling rate was applied during the glass transition region. Thermal stresses were concentrated around the firing pin supports and released the fracture. To prevent such fractures, a slow cooling protocol below the glass transition temperature is our recommendation to dental technicians. Furthermore, the use of planar firing pad or paste supports is advised over the use of point contact supports.

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Namegawa, Tetsuya, Shuji Aihara, Kazuki Shibanuma, and Satoshi Igi. "OS14F093 Fractographic and FEM Analyses of Drop-Weight Tear Test of Linepipe Steel." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS14F093——_OS14F093—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os14f093-.

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15

Galkiewicz, Jarosław. "The Simulation of Void Growth along Curvilinear Crack Front." Key Engineering Materials 598 (January 2014): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.598.63.

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In this study, simulations of the voids in the crack plane along the curvilinear crack front were analyzed. The analyses were conducted for different load stages. The results of numerical analysis were compared with fractographic pictures of the specimen in question.

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16

Chen, Zhong Bing, Ming Sheng Chi, Li Feng Zheng, Ji Xiong Shen, and Heng Hai Lei. "Analysis of Failure Mode and Construction Improvement of Spray Tubes in Boiler Desuperheater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.79.

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With macrographic examination, SEM observation and fracture quantitative analysis technology, the fracture fractography of a spray tube with both the mechanical stress and the thermal stress in a boiler desuperheater of a power plant was interpreted, and the failure mode and the cause were researched. Results showed that rupture of the spray tube was due to the fatigue, and further, the thermal mechanical fatigue. The alternating bending stress and thermal stress were main factors of the fracture failure. The shallow surface thermal fatigue cracks in tube inner wall were induced by thermal stress. When the thermal mechanical fatigue crack grew up steadily to the shallow surface cracks zone, fast growth occurred and the local fast fracture zone generated which had different fractographies with final fast fracture zone of the normal fatigue fracture.

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17

Scherrer, Susanne S., Janet B. Quinn, and George D. Quinn. "Fractography of Dental Restorations." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.72.

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The dental community is using a variety of ceramic restorative materials such as porcelains (leucite or alumina based), glass-ceramics (leucite, mica, lithium disilicates), alumina-glass infiltrated, and CAD-CAM ceramics including pure alumina and zirconia (3Y-TZP) core materials. Polycrystalline ceramics such as alumina and zirconia serve as substructure materials (i.e., framework or core) upon which glassy ceramics are veneered for an improved appearance. Under masticatory loads, sudden fracture of the full-thickness restoration or of the veneering ceramic (chips) may occur. Stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope analyses were used to perform qualitative (descriptive) fractography on clinically failed dental ceramic restorations. The most common features visible on the fracture surfaces of the glassy veneering ceramic of recovered broken parts were hackle, wake hackle, twist hackle, arrest lines, and compression curls. The observed features are indicators of the local direction of crack propagation and were used to trace the crack’s progression back to its initial starting zone (the origin). This paper presents the applicability of fractographic failure analyses for understanding fracture processes in brittle dental restorative materials and it draws conclusions as to possible design or processing inadequacies in failed restorations.

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Namegawa, Tetsuya, Shuji Aihara, Kazuki Shibanuma, and Satoshi Igi. "OS14-2-3 Fractographic and FEM Analyses of Drop-Weight Tear Test of Linepipe Steel." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS14–2–3—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os14-2-3-.

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19

Sukandar, Sukandar, Triwibowo Triwibowo, and Yana Heryana. "FAILURE ANALYSIS ON SLINGER DISK PIPE OF PURIFIED TEREPHTALIC ACID (PTA) VESSEL." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v14i2.4027.

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Slinger disk pipe is a rotary part of PTA vessel with function as anti-fog by swinging hot water to the shell wall to remove solid PTA at the shell wall. Failure took place on this slinger disk pipe. The purpose of failure analysis is to find the root cause of failure. Methods conducted in this failure analysis are examination and testing of fractography, metallography, chemical composition, hardness, and calculation of bending stress. Examination on the fracture surface by fractographic method revealed fatigue fracture with the presence of multiple beachmarks. The position of those multiple beachmarks gave indication of alternation rotation of slinger disk pipe. Examination by metallographic method revealed that initial cracks initiated from heat affected zone of pipe and strengthening plates weld joint. However, result of chemical composition examination and hardness test showed that material of slinger disk pipe were in accordance with lean duplex 2205. Calculation of bending stress gave supporting data of various load effects to slinger disk pipe. Therefore, failure of the slinger disk pipe was caused by fatigue fracture which were initiated from head affected zone of pipe and strengthening plates weld joint.

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20

Zahi, S. "Mechanical and Fractographic Studies of Surface-Treated Fly Ash Reinforced Polyester Composites." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.47.

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In this study, the surface-treated fly ash particles, ranging from 0 to 50 percent of weight were used as fillers added to the unsaturated polyester (UP). The fly ash (FA) particles were characterized using Mastersizer 2000 particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the effective reinforcing particles had a mean diameter of 60 μm and were both the glass and crystalline phases of the solid FA. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by conducting the hardness and tensile tests. The Charpy impact test was used to determine the amount of energy absorbed during break, and the fractography was observed by SEM. The micro-hardness was found to increase with the increasing amounts of FA particles. The 20-40 wt.% of the particles showed the best results of both impact strength and Modulus of elasticity . Also, high strength was obtained indicating that the FA can be a good filler to improve the mechanical properties of the UP matrix. The fractographic studies of the chosen compositions confirmed that the particles had strongly bonded with the UP matrix.

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21

Fernandino, D. O., and R. E. Boeri. "Fractographic analysis of austempered ductile iron." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 39, no. 5 (December 23, 2015): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12380.

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22

Dusza, Jan. "Fractographic failure analysis of brittle materials." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 15, no. 3/4/5 (2000): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2000.001249.

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23

El-Sayed, Tamer, and Russell J. Hand. "Fractographic analysis of epoxy coated glass." Ceramics International 38, no. 3 (April 2012): 2543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.11.025.

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Dudziński, W., Ł. Konat, and B. Białobrzeska. "Fractographic Analysis Of Selected Boron Steels Subjected To Impact Testing." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 2373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0387.

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Abstract In this paper dynamic properties of low-alloy boron steels – Hardox 500, B27 and HTK 900H in delivered state (after hardening and tempering) are considered. Charpy V-notch (CVN) test results in connection with fractography in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature region were analyzed. Obtained from CVN test the impact transition curve, not always predicts properly a behavior of materials in conditions of dynamic loading. So an analyze of character of fracture helps to evaluate the real behavior of materials. Tested samples were cut out longitudinally in relation to cold work direction. The results of CVN test for selected steels, in temperatures: −40°C, −20°C, 0°C and +20°C are presented. Regarding ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, there is a significant difference taking into account values of Charpy V energy absorbed and a character of fracture.

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López-Cepero, J. M., J. J. Quispe Cancapa, J. Martínez Fernández, and A. R. De Arelano López. "Análisis fractográfico de fibras de circona y de zafiro mediante microscopía óptica confocal." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 44, no. 4 (August 30, 2005): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2005.v44.i4.378.

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26

Tsai, C.-H., and C.-J. Chen. "Formation of the breaking surface of alumina in laser cutting with a controlled fracture technique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503321628161.

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Laser cutting using the controlled fracture technique is based on the thermal breaking principle. The laser beam is applied to the surface of a ceramic substrate; the substrate is then controllably separated along the moving path of the laser beam. The fractography and cutting surface formation are studied in this work. It is found that the breaking surface can be divided into four regions. The first region is the laser evaporation region produced by the heat concentration. The second region is the columnar grain region produced by resolidification of the melted material. The third region is the intergranular fracture region produced by anisotropic thermal expansion. The fourth region is the transgranular fracture region characterized by unstable fractures. These experiments are conducted on alumina ceramics using a CO2 laser. The fracture mechanism is analysed using stress analysis and fractographic observation. The tensile stress generated on the surface due to the laser beam separates the material along its path. The effects of the cutting parameters such as the laser power, cutting speed, laser spot diameter and specimen geometry on the machining quality are obtained from the experimental analysis. It is concluded that the best cutting quality is obtained using a large laser spot size.

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Lauschmann, Hynek, Ondřej Ráček, Michal Tůma, and Ivan Nedbal. "TEXTURAL FRACTOGRAPHY." Image Analysis & Stereology 21, no. 4 (May 3, 2011): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v21.ps49-s59.

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The reconstitution of the history of a fatigue process is based on the knowledge of any correspondences between the morphology of the crack surface and the velocity of the crack growth (crack growth rate - CGR). The textural fractography is oriented to mezoscopic SEM magnifications (30 to 500x). Images contain complicated textures without distinct borders. The aim is to find any characteristics of this texture, which correlate with CGR. Pre-processing of images is necessary to obtain a homogeneous texture. Three methods of textural analysis have been developed and realized as computational programs: the method based on the spectral structure of the image, the method based on a Gibbs random field (GRF) model, and the method based on the idealization of light objects into a fibre process. In order to extract and analyze the fibre process, special methods - tracing fibres and a database-oriented analysis of a fibre process - have been developed.

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Quinn, George D. "Fractographic Analysis of Very Small Theta Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.201.

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The theta test specimen is a versatile tool for evaluating the strength of extremely small structures. Round and hexagonal rings are compressed vertically on their ends creating a uniform tension stress in the middle gauge section. The simple compression loading scheme eliminates the need for special grips. A conventional nanoindentation hardness machine with a flat indenter applied load, monitored displacement, and recorded fracture loads. Prototype miniature specimens with web sections as thin as 7.5 m were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of single crystal silicon wafers. The strength limiting flaws were 200 nm to 500 nm deep surface etch pits.

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Tu, Meng-Yin, Wen-Hsiung Wang, and Yung-Fu Hsu. "Crystallographic and Fractographic Analysis of Upper Bainite." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 49, no. 3 (2008): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.mra2007204.

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Poza, P., J. Pérez-Rigueiro, M. Elices, and J. LLorca. "Fractographic analysis of silkworm and spider silk." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 69, no. 9 (June 2002): 1035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(01)00120-5.

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Kašiarová, Monika, Tanguy Rouxel, J. C. Sanglebœuf, and V. Le Houérou. "Fractographic Analysis of Surface Flaws in Glass." Key Engineering Materials 290 (July 2005): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.290.300.

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Biaxial testing was used to get insight into the incidence of the surface flaw properties (size, shape) on the strength of float glass specimens. Grinding grooves, Vickers' indentations and scratches as defects were introduced at the surface of annealed float glass specimens. The machined and fractured surfaces were observed using optical and confocal microscopes. The influence of the flaw characteristics on the strength of glass was evaluated and analyzed in the light of the fracture mechanics.

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Borelli, B., R. Sorrentino, S. Scherrer, M. Ferrari, and F. Zarone. "Fractographic analysis of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns." Dental Materials 30 (2014): e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.081.

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Chang, Chih-Ling, Hsien-Kun Lu, Keng-Liang Ou, Peng-Yu Su, and Chung-Ming Chen. "Fractographic analysis of fractured dental implant components." Journal of Dental Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2012.09.006.

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Han, Won-Taek, and Minori Tomozawa. "Fractographic analysis of hydrothermally treated silica glass." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 163, no. 3 (December 1993): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)91309-q.

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35

Taskonak, Burak, Jiahau Yan, John J. Mecholsky, Atilla Sertgöz, and Ayşe Koçak. "Fractographic analyses of zirconia-based fixed partial dentures." Dental Materials 24, no. 8 (August 2008): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.12.006.

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36

Burchill, Madeleine, Simon A. Barter, and Michael Jones. "The Effect of Crack Growth Retardation when Comparing Constant Amplitude to Variable Amplitude Loading in an Aluminium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.948.

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It has often been observed that the growth of short fatigue cracks under variable amplitude (VA) cyclic loading is not well predicted when utilising standard constant amplitude (CA) crack growth rate/stress intensity data (da/dN v DK). This paper outlines a coupon fatigue test program and analyses, investigating a possible cause of crack growth retardation from CA-only testing. Various test loading spectra were developed with sub-blocks of VA and CA cycles, then using quantitative fractography (QF) the sub-block crack growth increments were measured. Comparison of these results found that, after establishing a consistent uniform crack front using a VA load sequence, the average crack growth rate then progressively slowed down with the number of subsequent CA load cycles applied. Further fractographic investigation of the fracture surface at the end of each CA and VA sub-block crack growth, identified significant crack front morphology differences. Thus it is postulated that a variation or deviation from an efficient crack path is a driver of local retardation in short crack growth during CA loading. This may be a source of error in analytical predictions of crack growth under VA spectra loading that may need to be considered in addition to other potential effects such asless closure whilst cracks are small. For aircraft designers, using solely CA data for fatigue life predictions this may result in non-conservative estimates of total crack fatigue life, producing unexpected failures or an increased maintenance burden.

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Hren, Iryna, and Jaroslava Svobodova. "Fractographic Analysis of Strontium-Modified Al-Si Alloys." Manufacturing Technology 18, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/198.2018/a/1213-2489/mt/18/6/900.

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Sehanobish, Kalyan, Abdelsamie Moet, Alexander Chudnovsky, and Paul P. Petro. "Fractographic analysis of field failure in polyethylene pipe." Journal of Materials Science Letters 4, no. 7 (July 1985): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00720531.

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Mecholsky, J. J. "Fractographic Analysis of Delayed Failure in Fluoride Glasses." Materials Science Forum 5-6 (January 1985): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.5-6.695.

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CVIJOVIĆ, Z., M. VRATNICA, and K. GERIĆ. "Fractographic analysis of fatigue damage in 7000aluminium alloys." Journal of Microscopy 232, no. 3 (December 2008): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02122.x.

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Kosarevych, R. Ya, O. Z. Student, L. M. Svirs’ka, B. P. Rusyn, and H. M. Nykyforchyn. "Computer analysis of characteristic elements of fractographic images." Materials Science 48, no. 4 (January 2013): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-013-9527-0.

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Scherrer, Susanne S., Janet B. Quinn, George D. Quinn, and H. W. Anselm Wiskott. "Fractographic ceramic failure analysis using the replica technique." Dental Materials 23, no. 11 (November 2007): 1397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2006.12.002.

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Ma, Lingyue, and Roberto Dugnani. "Fractographic analysis of silicate glasses by computer vision." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 40, no. 8 (July 2020): 3291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.01.065.

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Kostandov, Yu A., A. A. Skoblin, S. I. Fedorkin, and Yu A. Shevlyakov. "Fractographic analysis of crack propagation in dynamic loading." Mechanics of Composite Materials 22, no. 6 (1987): 676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00605300.

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Radchenko, O. K., K. O. Gogaev, O. Yu Koval, and S. O. Firstov. "Fractographic analysis of green compacts of metal powders." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 51, no. 3-4 (July 2012): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-012-9424-3.

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Bredgauer, Iu O., D. A. Polonyankin, A. A. Fedorov, A. I. Blesman, A. V. Linovsky, and D. V. Postnikov. "Investigating wire breakage during EDM with fractographic analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1791, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1791/1/012005.

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QUINN, J., G. QUINN, J. KELLY, and S. SCHERRER. "Fractographic analyses of three ceramic whole crown restoration failures." Dental Materials 21, no. 10 (October 2005): 920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.01.006.

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Øilo, Marit, and Dwayne Arola. "Fractographic analyses of failed one-piece zirconia implant restorations." Dental Materials 34, no. 6 (June 2018): 922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.018.

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Kasl, Josef. "Failure Analysis of a 20 MW Turbine Rotor." Key Engineering Materials 647 (May 2015): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.647.235.

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This contribution deals with the analysis of causes of a breakdown of a turbine rotor where stage 13 completely broke off. Microstructure and fractographic analyses showed that a dominant cause of the breakdown was stress corrosion cracking caused by impurities in the steam.

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Białobrzeska, Beata, Łukasz Konat, and Robert Jasiński. "Fractographic Analysis of Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 Steels in Impact Testing." Scanning 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2524735.

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Properties of low-alloy boron-containing steels Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 in as-delivered and normalized conditions are considered. Charpy tests carried out within temperature ranges of ductile-to-brittle transition were followed by fractographic analysis. The tests were carried out on specimens with their axes parallel and perpendicular to hot-working direction, at −40°C, −20°C, 0°C, and +20°C. The determined impact properties of Brinar steels were complemented with fractographic analysis performed with use of a scanning electron microscope. It was found that temperatures of ductile-brittle transition were significantly different for the materials in as-delivered and normalized conditions. In addition the tensile tests were carried out, determining basic strength properties of the analyzed materials.

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