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Academic literature on the topic 'Fractional Slot'

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Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fractional Slot"

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Wang, Xiu Ping, Chun Yu Qu, Rui Guo, and Jun You Zhao. "Performance Analysis of Novel Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Permanent Magnet Machine with Different Pole and Slot Matching." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.625.

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In order to analyze the possibility of the fractional-slot concentrated-winding for wind generation, this paper states the merits of fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet machines, and then analyzes the electromagnetic design rules of fractional-slot concentrated-winding. The fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet machine is modeled and designed in electromagnetic, and its performance is analyzed, some conclusions can be obtained, which will provide reference for further analysis and application of fractional-slot concentrated-winding PM machine.
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Wu, Chuan Guo, Jian Zhong Zhang, Yu Ting Chen, and Ming Cheng. "Comparison Study of Tubular Linear Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Actuator with Different Fractional Slot Winding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.281.

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There are many slot/pole combinations may be selected for the fractional slot tubular linear surface-mounted motors (TLSPM) used as actuators for high voltage breakers, such as 15/8, 15/4, 15/2, 12/8. Compared with integral slot winding, the fractional slot winding has more advantages. Since the winding arrangement will be changed due to the different slot/pole numbers. The characteristics of the TLSPM with different fractional slot, such as detent force, back EMF, are analyzed and compared in this paper. It is shown that good performance may be achieved by selecting appropriate fractional slot design.
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Jiang, Wei. "Analysis of cogging torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor with different pole slots." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 32 (February 12, 2023): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v32i.4937.

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Using Maxwell finite element analysis software, the harmonic contents of no-load magnetic field and load magnetic field of three permanent magnet synchronous motors with 8 poles, 24 slots, 36 slots and 48 slots are calculated, and the radial force wave analysis is carried out. The influence of chute on cogging torque of integer slot motor and the influence of different pole arc coefficients and eccentricity of magnetic steel on sinusoidal distortion rate of magnetic field are analyzed. The analysis and calculation results show that, compared with fractional slot motor, the radial electromagnetic force and cogging torque of integral slot motor can be reduced more effectively by selecting the inclined slot and the appropriate magnetic steel shape, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing the vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor.
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Liu, Guang Qi. "Investigation on Slot/Pole Number Combinations for PMSM with Concentrated Fractional Slot Winding." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.512.

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Five features of slot number-phase table of cell motor are deeply discussed in this paper. Then it is derived that four constraints of cell motor with fractional slot winding and two additional constraints of cell motor with concentrated fractional slot winding. Finally, the equivalent calculation of spread factor of fractional slot motor and integral slot motor is proposed by use of the dummy motor. Because Slot number-phase table is brought in, the method proposed by this paper is convenient to carry out automatic analysis and calculation by computer.
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Wang, Xiu Ping, and Chun Yu Qu. "On the Possibility of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Permanent Magnet Machine for Wind Power Generation." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2858.

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In order to obtain the low synchronous speed, fractional slot concentrated winding is adopted in generation system. This paper analyzed the pole/slot combination rule, and studied the electromagnetic design method. By the finite element software, the characteristics is analyzed for this fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet generator, the result shows that this generator has a good performance, thus yet proves that fractional slot concentrated winding scheme is feasible.
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Wang, Xiu Ping, Chun Yu Qu, Xiao Feng Xu, and Dong Rui Wang. "Design and Analysis of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Permanent Magnet Machine for Wind Power Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.611.

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In order to obtain the low synchronous speed, fractional-slot concentrated-winding PM machine is adopted to wind power generation system. This paper analyzed the pole slot combination rule, and then studied the electromagnetic design method by taking 12-slot and 10-pole machine. By using the finite element software, the characteristics is analyzed for this fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet generator, the research results show that this generator has good performance, thus prove that fractional-slot concentrated-winding scheme is feasible and effective.
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Si, Meng, and Ying Li Yang. "The Influence of Pole-Slot Match on Magnetomotive Force with Concentrated Fractional-Slot Winding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1209.

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Magnetic field, produced by magnetomotive force (MMF) harmonic waves, is harmful to motors, by reducing efficiency of motors, resulting in demagnetization of permanent magnets and so on. It is also responsible for the increase of eddy current loss and the rise of temperature of rotors. Thus, research on the influence of pole-slot match on MMF with concentrated fractional-slot winding is necessary. This paper aims at researching unit motors with different cooperation of slots and poles. First, basic principle of MMF is described. Then, with different kinds of unit motors, MMF of harmonic waves is analyzed. Based on these analyses, distributive regularities are summarized.
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Astuti, Dian Widi, Muhamad Asvial, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, and Eko Tjipto Rahardjo. "Bandwidth Enhancement on Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna Using Cavity-Backed Triangular Slot." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1212894.

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This paper proposes bandwidth enhancement of a cavity-backed slot antenna using a triangular slot on a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide structure antenna. The bandwidth enhancement was achieved by combining the fixed TE101 and the downward shifting TE102 modes, resulting in hybrid modes. The design evolution of the slot antenna from a half nonresonating rectangular slot to a triangular slot antenna increased the fractional bandwidth. The simulation result showed that fractional bandwidth increased from 6.27% to 9.1%. It was confirmed by measurement that the fractional bandwidth of 9.87% was achieved which reflects a 350 MHz bandwidth with center frequency at 3.84 GHz. The measured gain at center frequency was 4.2 dBi. It is shown that the radiation characteristics obtained from both measurement and simulation results are in very good agreement.
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Wolnik, Tomasz, Vítezslav Styskala, and Tomas Mlcak. "Study on the Selection of the Number of Magnetic Poles and the Slot-Pole Combinations in Fractional Slot PMSM Motor with a High Power Density." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010215.

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Fractional slot, PMSM motors with a properly designed electromagnetic circuit allow for obtaining high power density factors (more than 4 kW per 1 kg of total motor weight). The selection of the number of magnetic poles to the specific dimensions and operating conditions of the motor, as well as the number of slots for the selected number of magnetic poles is the subject of the analysis in this article. This issue is extremely important because it affects the mass of the motor, the value of shaft torque, shaft power and the value of rotor losses. The aim of the work is to select solutions with the highest values of power density factor and, at the same time, the lowest values of rotor losses. The object of the study is a fractional slot PMSM motor with an external solid rotor core with surface permanent magnets (SPM). Motor weight is approximately 10 kg, outer diameter is 200 mm and a maximum power is 50 kW at 4800 r/min. The article analyzes the selection of magnetic poles in the range from 2p = 12 to 2p = 24 and various slot-pole combinations for individual magnetic poles. The target function of the objective was achieved and the calculations results were verified on the physical model. The best solutions were 20-pole, 30-slots (highest efficiency and lowest rotor loss) and 24-pole, 27 slots (highest power density).
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Vialcev, Georgy B., Dmitriy M. Toporkov, and Olga E. Gubareva. "Investigation of Winding Circuit Effect on Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.30.

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Star-connected and delta-connected circuits of fractional slot concentrated winding in permanent magnets synchronous machines (SMPM) are described in the paper. Advantages and drawbacks of these winding circuit types are shown. Investigation results on the characteristics degradation in the machines with fractional slot concentrated windings owing to delta-connected circuit are presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fractional Slot"

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Donaghy-Spargo, Christopher Michael. "Synchronous reluctance motors with fractional slot-concentrated windings." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3486.

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Today, high efficiency and high torque density electrical machines are a growing research interest and machines that contain no permanent magnet material are increasingly sought. Despite the lack of interest over the last twenty years, the permanent magnet-free synchronous reluctance machine is undergoing a revival and has become a research focus due to its magnet-free construction, high efficiency and robustness. They are now considered a potential future technology for future industrial variable speed drive applications and even electric vehicles. This thesis presents for the first time a synchronous reluctance motor with fractional slot-concentrated windings, utilizing non-overlapping single tooth wound coils, for high efficiency and high torque density permanent magnet-free electric drives. It presents all stages of the design and validation process from the initial concept stage through the design of such a machine, to the test and validation of a constructed prototype motor. The prototype machine utilizes a segmented stator core back iron arrangement for ease of winding and facilitating high slot fill factors. The conventional synchronous reluctance motor topology utilizes distributed winding systems with a large number of stator slots, presenting some limitations and challenges when considering high efficiency, high torque density electrical machines with low cost. This thesis aims to present an advancement in synchronous reluctance technology by identifying limitations and improving the design of synchronous reluctance motors through development of a novel machine topology. With the presented novel fractional slot concentrated winding machine design, additional challenges such as high torque ripple and low power factor arise, they are explored and analysed - the design modified to minimise any unwanted parasitic effects. The electrical and electromagnetic characteristics of the developed machine are also explored and compared with that of a conventional machine. A novel FEA post-processing technique is developed to analyse individual air-gap field harmonic torque contributions and the machines dq theory also modified in order to account for additional effects. The developed machine is found to be lower cost, lower mass and higher efficiency than an equivalent induction or conventional synchronous reluctance motor, but does suffer higher torque ripples and lower power factor. The prototype is validated using static and dynamic testing with the results showing a good match with finite element predictions. The work contained within this thesis can be considered as a first step to developing commercial technology based on the concept for variable speed drive applications.
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Fei, Wei-Zhong. "Permanent magnet synchronous machines with fractional slot and concentrated winding configurations." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6150.

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The permanent magnet synchronous machines with fractional slot and concentrated winding configuration have been steadily gaining traction in various applications in recent times. This is mainly driven by several advantages offered by this configuration such as high-torque density, outstanding efficiency, and easy and low-cost fabrication. The main focus of this thesis is dedicated to the investigation of three main topologies of fractional-slot and concentratedwinding permanent magnet synchronous machines specifically suited for particular applications. Additionally, the cogging torque and torque ripple reduction technique based on a novel axial pole pairing scheme in two different radial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machines with fractional-slot and concentratedwinding configuration are investigated. First, an axial flux permanent magnet segmented-armature-torus machine with laminated stator is proposed for in-wheel direct drive application. Both simplified analytical method and three-dimensional finite element analysis model accounting for anisotropic property of lamination are developed to analyze the machine performance. The predicted and experimental results are in good agreement and indicate that the proposed machine could deliver exciting and excellent performance. The impact of magnet segmentation on magnet eddy current losses in the prototype is carried out by the proposed three-dimensional finite element analysis model. The results show that the eddy current losses in the magnet could be effectively reduced by either circumferentially or radially segmenting the magnets. Furthermore, a magnet shaping scheme is employed and investigated to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple of the prototype. This is validated using the three-dimensional finite element analysis model as well. Second, a coreless axial flux permanent magnet machine with circular magnets and coils is proposed as a generator for man-portable power platform. Approximate analytical and three-dimensional finite element analysis models are developed to analyze and optimize the electromagnetic performance of the machine. Comprehensive mechanical stress analysis has been carried out by threedimensional structural finite element analysis, which would ensure the rotor integrity at expected high rotational speed. The results from both three-dimensional finite element analysis and experiments have validated that the proposed prototype is a compact and efficient high speed generator with very simple and robust structure. Additionally, this structure offers simplified assembly and manufacturing processes utilizing off-the-shelf magnets. Third, a novel radial flux outer rotor permanent magnet flux switching machine is proposed for urban electric vehicle propulsion. Initial design based on the analytical sizing equations would lead to severe saturation and excessive magnet volumes in the machine and subsequently poor efficiency. An improved design is accomplished by optimizing the geometric parameters, which can significantly improve the machine efficiency and effectively reduce the overall magnet volumes. Magnet segmentations can be employed to further improve the machine performance. Finally, a novel axial pole pairing technique is proposed to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple in radial flux fractional-slot and concentrated-winding permanent magnet synchronous machines. The implementation of the technique in outer rotor surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine shows that the cogging torque and torque ripple can be reduced very effectively with different magnet pairs. However, careful pair selection is of particular importance for compromise between cogging torque and torque ripple minimizations during the machine design stage. This technique is also employed to minimize the cogging torque in a permanent magnet flux switching integrated-stator-generator and it is compared with rotor step skewed technique. The estimated and experimental results show that the axial pole pairing technique can not mitigate the torque ripple of the machine as effectively as rotor step skewed approach although both the techniques could reduce the cogging torque to the same level.
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Patel, Vipulkumar. "Novel 6-phase fractional-slot permanent magnet machine for electric vehicle applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6144/.

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To tackle the issues concerning the global warming and the international energy security, the only way forward is the wide spread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (EV) in the transportation industry. High power dense and highly efficient electrical machines pave the way for the swift realization of EV. The research underpinned in this thesis describes the new winding configurations and associated slot-pole combinations for permanent magnet (PM) brushless machines that lead to improved performance and facilitate cost reduction. The current state-of-the-art machine technologies and their topologies are weighed against one another qualitatively through a comprehensive literature survey, and quantitatively by a preliminary design study of the most competitive machine technologies for a micro-sized EV application. Compared to the current state-of-the-art, the salient feature of the proposed winding designs is elimination and/or reduction of undesirable space harmonics which result from the existing fractional-slot per pole per phase PM machines with concentrated windings. This brings the benefits of significant reduction of the eddy current loss in the rotor permanent magnets, shorter end-windings and hence reduced copper loss and copper usage, increased power/torque density, reduction in manufacturing cost, and improved energy efficiency. In order to improve power drivetrain availability for EV applications, the thesis proposes the design of 6-phase PM machine as two independent 3-phase systems using the proposed winding configuration. A number of possible phase shifts between two sets of 3-phase windings due to their slot-pole combination and winding configuration are investigated and the optimum phase shift is selected by analysing the harmonic distributions and their effect on machine performance including the eddy current loss in the magnets. The proposed 6-phase winding configuration is applied to the design of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine for segment-A EV, under the electrical, thermal, and volumetric constraints, and demonstrated by a series of preliminary functional tests on the prototype machines. The design study and the measurement results show that the proposed winding configuration results into high torque/power dense PM machine with high efficiency over wide operating range. The important design aspects of the new machine topologies for EV application are investigated in detail, which include effect of phase shifts on magnet eddy current loss and unbalanced magnetic pull of the machine, demagnetization assessment of the new machine topology under various fault conditions, and thermal analyses over the driving cycles.
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Wu, Di. "Effect of magnetic saturation in fractional slot PM machines with particular reference to terminal voltage distortion." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9435/.

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LI, ZIJIAN. "FRACTIONAL-SLOT CONCENTRATED-WINDING SURFACE-MOUNTED PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR IN-WHEEL APPLICATION." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2497418.

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The study on the driving cycle and powertrain of electric vehicle presents the conclusion that there is a regular working area on efficiency map where electric motor works for the most time. Thus, two motivations are proposed: first, to evaluate the efficiency map of electric motor analytically, second, to design an electric motor whose maximum efficiency area on efficiency map covers its regular working area. To evaluate motor efficiency map, three tasks have to be completed: calculating torque-speed characteristic, calculating losses, studying on motor control strategy. For in-wheel application, surface-mounted permanent magnet motor with fractional-slot concentrated-windings is adopted. Its torque-speed profile of flux-weakening control is calculated. Different methods of losses calculation are compared and the results are presented. Motor control strategy is studied to obtain the input electric parameters of other operating points within the torque-speed profile. To design the motor, driving cycle and powertrain of electric vehicle are analyzed. Multi-objective optimization is utilized to obtain the optimal motor design. Different factors impacting motor efficiency map are discussed. The motor designs are compared to illustrate the loss balance of electric motor. Motor design and analytic results are validated in powertrain calculation and finite element calculation. Flux-weakening control is implemented. The co-simulation model is built up for further study to calculate the dynamic efficiency of driving cycle. A prototype with similar typology and winding layout is manufactured. Some preliminary experiment results are presented and compared with analytic results.
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Azar, Ziad. "Electromagnetic performance of fractional slot interior permanent magnet and synchronous reluctance brushless AC machines having non-overlapping concentrated windings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2839/.

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This thesis investigates the electromagnetic performance of the fractional-slot interior permanent magnet (IPM) and salient-pole synchronous reluctance (SynR) brushless AC machines having non-overlapping concentrated windings, the SynR machines being excited by bipolar AC sinusoidal currents with and without DC bias. The analyses are validated by finite element calculations and measurements. The PM machines with modular stators are often employed to improve the electromagnetic performance and ease the manufacture process, particularly stator winding. The influence of uniform and non-uniform additional gaps between the stator teeth and back-iron segments on the electromagnetic performance of fractional-slot IPM machines having either un-skewed or step-skewed rotors and different slot openings, viz. open slot, closed slot and hybrid slot (sandwiched open and closed slots), is investigated. The influence of load conditions on cogging torque and back-emf waveforms and the effectiveness of rotor skew on the minimization of the cogging torque, thus the torque ripple, are also examined. It is found that the additional gaps have a negligible influence on the average output torque, but significantly increase the cogging torque magnitude, while their non-uniformity can cause a large increase in both the peak and periodicity of cogging torque waveform, which in turn makes the skew method ineffective. The magnetic cross-coupling level and the sensitivity of cogging torque to manufacturing limitations and tolerances strongly depend on the slot opening materials. The cogging torque magnitude is significantly increased by load, while its periodicity also changes with load which makes the rotor skew less effective unless the machine is skewed by one cogging torque period on load. The electromagnetic performance of the SynR machines under AC sinusoidal bipolar excitation with and without DC bias is investigated and compared for three different winding connections, such as asymmetric, symmetric and hybrid. In general, the SynR brushless AC machines with DC bias excitation exhibit significantly higher torque density than those without DC bias. Comparing with the asymmetric and symmetric winding connections, their hybrid counterpart results in significantly larger mutual inductance variations. Consequently, it results in significantly larger output torque, since such torque is produced by the variation of both the self and mutual inductances. In terms of torque ripple, the symmetric winding connection leads to the best performance. On the other hand, at significantly larger current densities, the hybrid winding connection become more suitable, since it exhibits large average output torque and relatively low torque ripple.
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Dai, Pre Michele. "Analysis and design of Fault-Tolerant drives." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425500.

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The field of fault-tolerant applications is surely among the most exciting and potentially innovative modern research of the electrical motor where the design is freedom and new solution can be explored. The cost of the permanent magnets and the drives allow to develop new solution, in particular surface mounted permanent magnet machine with fractional-slot winding and reluctance motor assisted from the permanent magnet. The reliability of these machines allows to apply these motors into critical applications where the electrical or mechanical redundancy are required. As regard this argument the literature compare the performance of different solution. In this thesis I have applied a different approach, in particular a mathematical model is combined with the finite element method. This approach allows to use the Fexibility of the analytical model and the precision of the finite element method. The larger part of my research activity has regarded the motors with fractiona-slot winding and the multi-phase machines. The final part of my thesis tells the activity developed during the period spent in ABB Corporate Research Sweden. The aim of my research was to design several solution of electric generators for wave energy, in particular the aim was to design the optimal system that is a compromise among the different component: generator, mechanical converter, inverter, etc..
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GAMBA, MATTEO. "Design of non conventional Synchronous Reluctance machine." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2669965.

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Synchronous reluctance (SyR) and Permanent magnet Synchronous Reluctance (PM-SyR) machines represent an answer to the growing emphasis on higher efficiency, higher torque density and overload capability of ac machines for variable-speed applications. Their high performance is particularly attractive in electric traction and industry applications. The SyR technology represents a convenient solution to obtain high efficiency machines at reduced cost and high reliability. The manufacturing costs are comparable to other existing technologies such as induction motors. Different SyR and PM-SyR machines with different ratings and applications were designed, for comparison with induction motors having equal frame. An accurate comparison between Induction motors, SyR and PM-SyR machines is reported, with reference to the IE4 and IE5 efficiency specifications that could become mandatory in the next years. Three studies are classified under the term ”Non-Conventional” machines: Line-Start SyR motor: is a special SyR machine designed for constant speed applications, line supplied. The rotor flux barriers are filled with aluminum, to obtain a squirrel cage that resembles the one of an induction motor. The manufacturing costs are comparable to those of the induction motor, and the efficiency is higher. Two prototypes were realized and tested. FSW-SyR: tooth-wound coils and fractional slot per pole combinations were investigated. They are of interest because they permit a simplification and higher degree of automatization of the manufacturing process. However, FSW-SyR machines are known for their high torque ripple, low specific torque and power factor. The number of slots per pole was optimized to maximize the torque density. Dealing with the torque ripple, a lumped parameters model was used together with optimization in SyRE. A design with minimized ripple was obtained, comparable to a distributed winding machine in this respect. This design was prototyped and tested. Mild Overlapped SyR: this study shows a new winding configuration applied to SyR and PM-SyR machines. The proposed case is in the direction to find a hybrid solution between distributed winding and tooth winding motors, that permits to reduce costs and improve performances. One limitation of this solution is that only number of pole pairs equal to five or higher are feasible, and this reduces the applicability of the solution to classical industry applications, where one to three pole pairs are normally used.
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VASCHETTO, SILVIO. "Design and development of permanent magnet synchronous machines shaft-line embedded in aeronautic engines." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2615701.

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Technological advances in the aerospace industry have improved aircraft efficiency and reduced the cost of air transport, leading since 1960 to a continuous growth of the worldwide air traffic. Today it is postulated that also into the foreseeable future both the passenger and cargo air traffic will continue to growth, increasing the CO2 air transport emissions. In this contest, there are many environmental as well as commercial pressures on aircraft manufacturers to improve performances of future aircraft in terms of safety, air pollution, noise and climate change. To achieve these goals, it is necessary revisiting the whole aircraft architecture system, with the introduction of new technologies for performing key functions on aircraft. Today the conventional civil aircraft are characterized by four different secondary power distribution systems: mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical. This implies a complex power distribution nets aboard, and the necessity of an appropriate redundancy of each of them. In order to reduce this complexity, with the aim to improve efficiency and reliability, the aerospace designer community trend is towards the `More Electric Aircraft (MEA)' concept, that is the wider adoption of electrical systems in preference to the others. This solution involves an increase of the aircraft electrical loads and, as a consequence, heavy implications for the on-board electrical generation systems are predictable. The resulting increase of the electrical power requirements encourage the research of alternative solutions rather than simply scaling up existing technologies such as generators driven by gearboxes. To address these challenges, many studies are in the direction of the so called `More Electric Engine (MEE)', in which the electrical machines are integrated inside the main gas turbine engine to generate electrical power, start the engine and guarantee safety generation in case of a critical on-flight failure. In this way the mechanical gearbox which connects the actual generators to the aeroengine shaft can be eliminated. The MEA and the MEE concept can be considered as an evolutionary implementation of the `All Electric Aircraft (AEA)', in which all the aircraft on-board systems are supplied in an electrical form. The MEE concept will involve important mechanical and thermodynamic implications in the aeroengine design, making necessary a preliminary system analysis on today conventional aeroengine, in order to evaluate the integration feasibility with the actual mechanical and environmental constraints. The electrical machines can be integrated inside the engine in some different positions, either in the front part before the combustion chamber, in particular in the low-pressure or in the high-pressure compressor stages, or in the rear part of the engine, in the tail-cone zone. In the frame of the GREAT2020 (GReen Engine for Air Transport in 2020) project co-founded by Regione Piemonte, aimed to the development of new eco-compatible aircraft engines for the entry into service in 2020, the MEE concept focus is on the evaluation of the most suitable solution between four possible integration positions in the front part of the today conventional two-shaft GEnx turbofan engine. The rotational speeds and the maximum available volumes are respectively imposed by the shaft connection and by the available spaces inside the aeroengine. In the purpose of the MEE concept on which the work presented in this dissertations is based, in order to evaluate the less critical solution between the proposed, a trade-off study conducted on preliminary electromagnetic design has been performed considering both radial and axial flux surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines. The comparison of the different solutions have been done on the base of same sizing indexes. Due to the particular application in which the electrical machine integration is involved, in order to evaluate impact on the whole system performance, a wider trade-off study concerning the overall aeroengine system has been done by the aerospace company Avio, partner of the GREAT2020 project. The focus of the work presented in this dissertation, is the development of appropriate tools to perform a preliminary electromagnetic design of radial and axial flux, surface mounted, permanent magnet synchronous machines with three-phase distributed and single-layer fractional-slot non-overlapping concentrated windings. In particular, this latter winding topology has been considered for its specific application for its shorter end-winding connections respect to the distributed layout, and for their high fault tolerant capability due to the electrical and physical separation between the phases which reduces the possibility of a fault propagation. Regarding the radial flux topologies, both inner and outer rotor machine structures have been considered; for the axial flux machines the single-stage (one stator and one rotor) as well as the multi-stage structures, obtained connecting on the same axis more than one single-stage structure, have been considered. The developed general purpose tools are based on simple geometrical approach using conventional design equations. The geometrical dimensions are computed starting from the design specifications and material utilization indexes imposed by the designer. The implemented codes would be a useful tool for the electrical machine designer in order to quickly define a preliminary electromagnetic design starting from a fresh sheet of paper. The conducted comparisons with commercial software have proved the validity of the tools for the conducted MEE trade-off study; however, in a prototype design aimed to the construction, detailed analysis using commercial software available on the market and Finite Element Method analysis have to be done in order to verify and improve in details the preliminary electromagnetic design obtained by the implemented codes.
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Aslan, Bassel. "Conception de Machines Polyphasées à Aimants et Bobinage Concentré à Pas Fractionnaire avec Large Plage de Vitesse." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0039/document.

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L'objectif de la thèse est la conception d'une machine électrique dédiée à des applications Mild-Hybrid. En assurant certaines fonctionnalités, cette machine permet de réduire la consommation de carburant dans le véhicule et par conséquent réduire la quantité des gaz rejetés. Les contraintes exigées par un tel domaine à la fois pour le couple et la puissance nous amène à étudier les machines synchrone polyphasée à aimants avec un bobinage concentré autour des dents. Cette technologie de bobinage permet d'obtenir des machines de rendement élevé qui sont faciles à fabriquer, réparer et recycler, mais avec un certain niveau d'effets parasites. Afin de trouver un compromis entre ces effets et la capacité à fournir de couple, la thèse concerne l'étude des topologies de bobinage à pas dentaire avec différentes combinaisons Encoches/Pôles. Un modèle analytique constituant un outil permettant de comparer les pertes d'aimants entre les différentes combinaisons est développé. De nombreuses configurations sont comparées afin de faire le choix le plus adéquat pour minimiser les effets parasites. Les topologies rotoriques qui permettent à la machine de présenter une large plage de vitesse sont examinées, mais en tenant compte également de la nécessité de protéger leurs aimants contre des harmoniques nocifs de FMM. Enfin, l'exploitation du degré de liberté offert par une structure à 5 phases est abordée montrant que, le couple peut être significativement boosté en modifiant la structure de rotor. La cohérence de toutes les études analytiques menées dans la thèse est corroborée par des modèles en éléments finis et des mesures effectuées sur un prototype
The aim of this thesis is to design an electrical machine dedicated for Mild-Hybrid applications. By providing certain functionalities, this machine can reduce fuel consumption in the vehicle and therefore reduce the amount of released gases. The challenges imposed by such application on both torque and power lead us to study the multiphase PM machines with concentrated windings. This windings technology provides efficient machines which are easy to manufacture, repair and recycle, but accompanied with a certain level of parasitic effects. In order to find a compromise between these effects and the ability to provide torque, the thesis concerns the study of winding topologies with different Slots/Poles combinations. An analytical model constituting a tool to compare magnet losses between various combinations is developed. Many configurations are compared in order to make the most appropriate choice which minimizes parasitic effects. The rotor topologies that allow the machine to provide a wide speed range are examined, taking into account their role in magnets protection against MMF harmful harmonics. Finally, the exploitation of freedom degree offered by a 5-phases structure is discussed, showing that the torque can be significantly boosted by modifying the rotor structure. The consistency of all analytical studies presented in the thesis is corroborated by finite element models and a prototype measurement
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Books on the topic "Fractional Slot"

1

Salminen, Pia. Fractional slot permanent magnet synchronous motors for low speed applications. Digipaino: Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto, 2004.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. Advanced Theory of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8708-0.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. Advanced Theory of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines. Springer, 2018.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. Advanced Theory of Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines. Springer, 2018.

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Nature Fast and Nature Slow: How Life Works, from Fractions of a Second to Billions of Years. Reaktion Books, Limited, 2021.

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Money, Nicholas P. Nature Fast and Nature Slow: How Life Works, from Fractions of a Second to Billions of Years. Reaktion Books, Limited, 2021.

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Jones, Michael, Norman Qureshi, and Kim Rajappan. Atrial flutter. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0117.

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Atrial flutter is the term given to one of the four types of supraventricular tachycardia; in it, atrial activation occurs as a consequence of a continuous ‘short circuit’: a defined and fixed anatomical route, resulting in a fairly uniform atrial rate, and uniform atrial flutter waves on the ECG. The ventricles are not a part of this arrhythmia circuit, and ventricular activation is variable, dependent on atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction. Given that the atrial rate is essentially uniform (e.g. 300 min−1), ventricular activation tends to be regular (i.e. 150 min−1, 100 min−1, 75 min−1, etc., if the atrial rate is 300 mins−1), or regularly irregular if changes are occurring in the fraction of conducted impulses to the ventricles. When AV nodal conduction permits only 4:1 conduction or less, atrial flutter is usually obvious, but when ventricular rates are higher (150 min−1 or more) the flutter waves can be obscured by the QRS complexes, making diagnosis more difficult. Atrial flutter is of two types, typical and atypical. Typical atrial flutter is a right atrial tachycardia, with electrical activation proceeding around the tricuspid valve annulus. This arrhythmia is dependent on a zone of slow electrical conduction through the cavotricuspid isthmus (the tissue lying between the origin of the inferior vena cava and the posterior tricuspid valve). The resulting circuit can be either anticlockwise (activation proceeds up the inter-atrial septum, across the atrial roof, down the free wall, and then through the cavotricuspid isthmus to the basal septum) or clockwise (down the inter-atrial septum and around the circuit in the opposite direction). Anticlockwise typical atrial flutter is more common. Atypical atrial flutter refers to all other atrial flutters, and this includes other right atrial flutters (e.g. pericristal flutter), left atrial flutters, post-ablation or post-surgical flutters, and pulmonary vein flutters. The feature common to all types of flutter and which differentiates flutter from other types of supraventricular tachycardia is the presence of a macro-re-entrant anatomical circuit around which the electrical impulse travels continuously and repeatedly, thereby generating the flutter. Even though typical atrial flutter has a fairly obvious and specific appearance on the ECG, atypical flutters do not, and often it is only possible to differentiate atypical flutter from atrial tachycardias by invasive electrophysiology studies, as the ECG alone may be insufficient.
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Book chapters on the topic "Fractional Slot"

1

Masmoudi, Ahmed. "Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings: Design and Analysis." In SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 55–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0920-5_3.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. "Analytical Modelling of Stator Magnetic Characteristics in Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Permanent Magnet Machines." In Springer Theses, 23–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8708-0_2.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. "Design of Optimal Winding Layouts for Multiphase Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Permanent Magnet Machines." In Springer Theses, 61–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8708-0_3.

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Buksnaitis, Jonas Juozas. "Research and Evaluation of Electromagnetic Properties of Two-Layer Preformed Fractional-Slot Six-Phase Windings." In Six-Phase Electric Machines, 81–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75829-9_4.

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Qi, Ge, Ding Ma, Libing Zhou, and Li Shi. "Analysis of Dual Three-Phase Fractional-Slot PM Brushless AC Motor with Alternate Winding Connections." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 793–800. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21747-0_102.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. "Calculation of Airgap Function and Inductance in Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Interior Permanent Magnet Machines." In Springer Theses, 127–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8708-0_5.

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Zha, Chencheng, Bo Wang, and Wenhan Xu. "Electromagnetic Thermal Coupled Analysis of a Multiple Three-Phase Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding Fault-Tolerant Motor." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 68–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0553-9_9.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. "An Extended dq Model for Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Interior Permanent Magnet Machines Considering Non-ideal Machine Parameters." In Springer Theses, 195–218. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8708-0_7.

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Xuanfeng, Shangguan, Zhang Jiaolong, and Zhang Wenli. "Calculation of Winding Factor and Analysis of Armature MMF of a PMSM with Fractional-Slot and 5-Phase Winding." In Electrical, Information Engineering and Mechatronics 2011, 2039–46. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2467-2_241.

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Farshadnia, Mohammad. "Detailed Analytical Modelling of Inductances and Electromagnetic Torque in Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Wound Interior Permanent Magnet Machines Under Healthy and Open-Phase Fault Conditions." In Springer Theses, 155–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8708-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fractional Slot"

1

Fornasiero, Emanuele, Luigi Alberti, Nicola Bianchi, and Silverio Bolognani. "Considerations on selecting fractional—slot windings." In 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2010.5618269.

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Guemes, J. A., A. M. Iraolagoitia, P. Fernandez, and M. P. Donsion. "Comparative study of PMSM with integer-slot and fractional-slot windings." In 2010 XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2010.5608202.

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Petkovska, Lidija, Paul Lefley, and Goga Cvetkovski. "Design Aspects for Fractional-Slot PMBLDC Motor." In 2019 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isef45929.2019.9097004.

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Demir, Yucel, Ayman El-Refaie, and Metin Aydin. "Comparison of Permanent Magnet Machines Equipped with Unbalanced Fractional-Slot Distributed Windings vs. Balanced Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings." In 2021 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc47953.2021.9449610.

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Dogan, H., F. Wurtz, A. Foggia, and L. Garbuio. "Analysis of slot-pole combination of fractional-slots PMSM for embedded applications." In 2011 International Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) and Electromotion Joint Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acemp.2011.6490669.

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Zou, Tianjie, Ronghai Qu, Dawei Li, and Dong Jiang. "Synthesis of fractional-slot vernier permanent magnet machines." In 2016 XXII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2016.7732634.

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Alberti, Luigi, and Nicola Bianchi. "Theory and design of fractional-slot multilayer windings." In 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2011.6064188.

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Bodea, M. S., Al Simion, L. Livadaru, A. Munteanu, B. Virlan, and B. Anghel. "Fractional slot permanent magnet machine with outer rotor." In 2016 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe.2016.7781343.

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Cancelliere, P., V. Delli Colli, F. Marignetti, M. Scarano, I. Boldea, and M. Topor. "A Fractional Slot Axial Flux PM Direct Drive." In International Electric Machines and Drives Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2005.195798.

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Guemes, J. A., A. M. Iraolagoitia, M. P. Donsion, and P. Fernandez. "Analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors with integer-slot and fractional-slot windings." In MELECON 2010 - 2010 15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476250.

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Reports on the topic "Fractional Slot"

1

Bailey, J. M. Fractional-Slot Surface Mounted PM Motors with Concentrated Windings for HEV Traction Drives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885979.

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Lawler, J. S. Control of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Motors with Special Application to Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886007.

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Patil, N., J. S. Lawler, and J. McKeever. Contol of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Motors with Special Application to Motors with Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921784.

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McKeever, John W., Niranjan Patil, and Jack Lawler. Control of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Motors with Special Application to Fractional-Slot Motors with Concentrated Windings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/931748.

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Reddy, P. B., and T. M. Jahns. FINAL REPORT ON CONTROL ALGORITHM TO IMPROVE THE PARTIAL-LOAD EFFICIENCY OFSURFACE PM MACHINES WITH FRACTIONAL-SLOT CONCENTRATED WINDINGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921785.

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McKeever, John W., Patel Reddy, and Thomas M. Jahns. Final Report on Control Algorithm to Improve the Partial-Load Efficiency of Surface PM Machines with Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/931549.

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Carasso, Alfred S., and Andras E. Vladar. Fractional diffusion, low exponent levy stable laws, and slow motion denoising of helium ion microscope nanoscale imagery. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7727.

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Carasso, Alfred S. The Use of ‘Slow Motion’ Levy Stable Fractional Diffusion Smoothing In Alternative Methods of Latent Fingerprint Enhancement. National Institute of Standards and Technology, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7932.

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Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592117.bard.

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Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709883.bard.

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Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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