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Doshi, Sahil D., Morgan RL Lichtenstein, Melissa Parsons Beauchemin, Rohit R. Raghunathan, Cynthia Law, Melissa Kate Accordino, Jason Dennis Wright, Elena B. Elkin, and Dawn L. Hershman. "Factors associated with failure to receive oral anticancer drugs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.41.
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41 Background: Oral anti-cancer drugs (OACDs) have become increasingly prescribed over the last 10 years and require a significant amount of care coordination. Preliminary administrative database studies have shown that 10-15% of prescriptions are never received by the patient, but the reasons behind this are poorly understood. In this study, we prospectively identified failure to receive (FR) cases in which OACD prescriptions were never received by patients, examined underlying reasons for FR, and assessed clinical and process-related factors associated with FR. Methods: We prospectively collected data on new OACD prescriptions for adult oncology patients at a large, urban academic cancer center from 1/1/2018 to 12/31/2019. We collected patient demographic, clinical, and insurance data, OACD delivery date, and interactions with payers and financial assistance groups. FR was defined as failure to receive a prescribed OACD. Reasons for FR were confirmed by manual chart review and classified into seven categories: clinical deterioration, financial access, provider-driven clinical decision making, patient-directed change, transfer of care, lost to follow up, and other. We calculated the relative proportion of each FR category and used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with FR, including initiation of a prior authorization and drug class. Results: The cohort included 1,080 patients who were prescribed 1,269 new OACDs. Of these prescriptions, 13% (N=163) were categorized as FR. Among the 158 patients with FR, average patient age was 66 years, 55% identified as non-Hispanic white, 61% had any Medicare plan, 11% had Medicaid only, and 25% had commercial insurance. Overall, 18% of FR cases were attributed to clinical deterioration, 13% to financial access, 29% to provider-driven clinical decision making, 17% to patient-directed change, 13% to transfer of care, and 5% were lost to follow up. Univariate analysis showed that FR was less likely in cases where prior authorization was initiated (p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis confirmed this result (OR 0.47 [CI 0.33-0.66], p < 0.001). Conclusions: Though the majority of oncology patients prescribed OACDs received the drug, 13% of patients in our study experienced FR. FR is associated with a lack of prior authorization initiation, which may reflect barriers to access, a change in clinical decision-making, or patient choice. Ultimately, FR is multifactorial and may be appropriate in some cases. More work is needed to determine whether improved access would increase uptake in some patients. [Table: see text]
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Klebanov, Simon, Jeremiah T. Herlihy, and Gregory L. Freeman. "Effect of long-term food restriction on cardiac mechanics." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): H2333—H2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.5.h2333.
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Food restriction (FR) is the only known intervention capable of increasing mammalian life span. It not only increases longevity, but reduces the incidence of a broad spectrum of age-related pathologies, including cardiomyopathy, and retards the physiological decline associated with aging. Previous work from this laboratory has shown that long-term FR affects the contractile machinery of the heart, shifting the cardiac myosin profile from the fast, V1 isoform to the slow, V3 isoform. The aim of the present study was to determine whether FR also induces changes in cardiac mechanics. Isolated, isovolumically beating hearts were examined from four groups of rats: 1) ad libitum-fed rats killed at 10–13 mo of age, 2) FR rats offered only 60% of the calories consumed by ad libitum-fed rats and killed at the same age, 3) young ad libitum-fed rats having the same heart weights as the FR rats, and 4) ad libitum-fed rats subjected to short-term FR, i.e., for the last 3 wk of life, and also killed at 10–13 mo of age. Both short- and long-term FR profoundly and to approximately the same extent affected cardiac mechanics. Hearts from FR rats developed much higher pressures than hearts from the ad libitum-fed rats under conditions of low-calcium perfusate. This difference disappeared, however, when contractility was enhanced by either calcium or isoproterenol. FR prolonged both contraction and relaxation times. Long-term ad libitum-fed rats (adult, 10–13 mo of age) had a lower isoproterenol sensitivity than the young ad libitum-fed rats (10 wk of age). Both short- and long-term FR restored the sensitivity to isoproterenol. In summary, FR profoundly affects many aspects of cardiac mechanics, enhancing some age-related changes (prolongation of the contraction and relaxation times), attenuating another (increasing the isoproterenol sensitivity), and, finally, inducing some unique changes unrelated to age (increased pressure development under low-calcium perfusate).
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Ahola, Vellamo, and Kari Leinonen. "Responses of Betula pendula, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris seeds to red/far-red ratios as affected by moist chilling and germination temperature." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 11 (December 1, 1999): 1709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-128.
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The effect of continuous exposure to various red/far-red ratios (R/FR) on the germination ofBetula pendula Roth, Picea abies (L.) Karst., and Pinus sylvestris L. seeds was studied at four different germination temperatures (10, 13, 16, and 20°C) using both moist-chilled and unchilled seeds. Germination of B. pendula seeds was prevented by low R/FR. In B. pendula the relationship between germination probability and R/FR (log2) at different temperatures was successfully quantified using parallel logistic curves. The relationship between mean germination time (log10) and R/FR (log2) was linear. Moist chilling for 3 weeks reduced but did not eliminate the R/FR response in B. pendula. In Picea abies seeds, low R/FR prevented germination at 10°C but not at 13-20°C. Pinus sylvestris seeds did not respond to low R/FR at the studied temperatures. It appears that B. pendula has evolved a light-sensing mechanism that prevents seed germination in shaded conditions. This mechanism could operate more effectively in autumn than in spring after natural moist chilling during overwintering in soil. Picea abies seeds have also evolved a light-sensing mechanism that regulates germination in cool conditions.
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Crowley, Helen. "Mary McIntosh (13 March 1936–5 January 2013)." Feminist Review 104, no. 1 (July 2013): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.2013.11.
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Zhang, Mengzi, and Erik S. Runkle. "Regulating Flowering and Extension Growth of Poinsettia Using Red and Far-red Light-emitting Diodes for End-of-day Lighting." HortScience 54, no. 2 (February 2019): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13630-18.
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Manipulating light quality is a potential alternative method of regulating plant height in the commercial production of ornamental crops. In particular, end-of-day (EOD) lighting with a high red (R; 600–700 nm) to far-red (FR; 700–800 nm) ratio (R:FR) can suppress extension growth, whereas a low R:FR can promote it. We investigated the effects of the R:FR and duration of EOD lighting in regulating extension growth and flowering of two poinsettia cultivars, White Glitter and Marble Star. Plants were grown at 20 °C under 9-hour days with or without EOD lighting provided by two types of light-emitting diode bulbs: R+white+FR (subsequently referred to as R+FR) and FR only. The R:FR ratios were 0.73 and 0.04, respectively, and the photon flux density between 400 and 800 nm was adjusted to 2 to 3 μmol·m−2·s–1 at plant canopy. The six EOD lighting treatments were R+FR or FR for 2 or 4 hours, 2 hours of R+FR followed by 2 hours of FR, and 4 hours of R+FR followed by 2 hours of FR. We also investigated the impact of a 4-hour moderate-intensity (13 μmol·m−2·s–1) EOD FR treatment in the second replication. EOD lighting generally increased poinsettia extension growth, with the greatest promotion under the longest lighting periods. There were no differences in days to first bract color and days to anthesis when the 9-hour day was extended by 2 hours, but flowering was delayed under 4- or 6-hour EOD treatments, except for the 2-hour R+FR + 2-hour FR and 4-hour FR treatments. Four hours of moderate-intensity EOD FR greatly promoted extension growth and delayed or prevented bract coloration in both cultivars. We conclude that EOD lighting promotes extension growth of poinsettia, and specifically, EOD FR at a low intensity (2–3 μmol·m−2·s–1) is not perceived as long-day signal, whereas a higher intensity (13 μmol·m−2·s–1) of FR delays flowering.
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Yakovlieva, M., T. Tacheva, S. Mihaylova, R. Tropcheva, K. Trifonova, A. Toleкova, S. Danova, and T. Vlaykova. "Influence of Lactobacillus brevis 15 and Lactobacillus plantarum 13 on blood glucose and body weight in rats after high-fructose diet." Beneficial Microbes 6, no. 4 (August 2015): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2014.0012.
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In recent years, many authors have investigated the possible antidiabetic effect of lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus species constitute a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group and have been found to exhibit beneficial effects on the development of diabetes and its complications. In the current study, we investigated the effects of newly characterised Bulgarian Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus brevis 15 and Lactobacillus plantarum 13, on blood glucose levels and body weight of rats fed a fructose-enriched diet. An experiment was conducted over a period of 8 weeks with 24 2-month-old Wistar rats randomly assigned to receive a standard diet (Con, control group), fructose-enriched diet (Fr group), standard diet with probiotics given twice a week (Pro group), and fructose-enriched diet with probiotics given twice a week (Pro+Fr group). At the end of the experimental period, a statistically significant increase in body weight was observed in all experimental groups (P<0.0001). The highest rise was seen in the fructose group (Fr, 169±19 g), followed by the Pro+Fr group (153±15 g), Pro group (149±13 g), and Con group (141±5 g). Moreover, the final blood glucose levels had risen significantly in the groups receiving fructose either without (Fr; P<0.0001) or with lactobacilli (Pro+Fr; P=0.002), while the rise was insignificant in the group of rats given probiotic supplementation only (Pro, P=0.071) and inexistent in the Con group (P=0.999). The highest elevation of blood glucose levels was observed in the Fr group (3.18 mmol/l), followed by the Pro+Fr group (2.00 mmol/l) whereas the Pro group showed the lowest levels (0.60 mmol/l). The results of our study suggest that the newly characterised Bulgarian Lactobacillus strains, L. brevis 15 and L. plantarum 13, could be considered as possible probiotics and might be able to prevent some metabolic disturbances.
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Shirreffs, Susan M., Stuart J. Merson, Susan M. Fraser, and David T. Archer. "The effects of fluid restriction on hydration status and subjective feelings in man." British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 6 (June 2004): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041149.
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Hydration status and the effects of hypohydration have been the topic of much public and scientific debate in recent years. While many physiological responses to hypohydration have been studied extensively, the subjective responses to hypohydration have largely been ignored. The present investigation was designed to investigate the physiological responses and subjective feelings resulting from 13, 24 and 37 h of fluid restriction (FR) and to compare these with a euhydration (EU) trial of the same duration in fifteen healthy volunteers. The volunteers were nine men and six women of mean age 30 (SD 12) years and body mass 71·5 (SD 13·4) kg. Urine and blood samples were collected and subjective feelings recorded on a 100 mm verbally anchored questionnaire at intervals throughout the investigation. In the EU trial the subjects maintained their normal diet. Body mass decreased by 2·7 (SD 0·6) % at 37 h in the FR trial and did not change significantly in the EU trial. Food intake in the FR trial (n 10) provided an estimated water intake of 487 (SD 335) ml and urinary losses (n 15) amounted to 1·37 (SD 0·39) litres. This is in comparison with an estimated water intake of 3168 (SD 1167) ml and a urinary loss of 2·76 (SD 1·11) litres in the EU trial. Plasma osmolality and angiotensin II concentrations increased from 0–37 h with FR. Plasma volume decreased linearly throughout the FR trial amounting to a 6·2 (SD 5·1) % reduction by 37 h. Thirst increased from 0–13 h of FR then did not increase further (P>0·05). The subjects reported feelings of headache during the FR trial and also that their ability to concentrate and their alertness were reduced.
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Tempesta, Stefano Martinelli. "Nota a Saffo, fr. 16, 12-13 V. ("P.Oxy". 1231)." Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 62, no. 2 (1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20546583.
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Gerrie, Alina S., Cynthia L. Toze, Khaled M. Ramadan, Charles H. Li, Adrian Yee, and Joseph M. Connors. "Fludarabine (F) and Rituximab (R) (FR) as Initial Therapy for Symptomatic Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL): Population-Based Experience Matches Clinical Trials." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2363.2363.
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Abstract Abstract 2363 Poster Board II-340 Background: Clinical trials report that FR as initial therapy in symptomatic CLL produces an overall response rate of 90% and significantly improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared retrospectively to F alone [Byrd Blood 2003, 2005] and that FCR (F, cyclophosphamide and R) improves response rates and PFS compared to FC alone [Hallek ASH 2008]. FR has been the standard initial therapy for CLL/SLL in British Columbia (BC) (population = 4.2 × 106) since 2004. We wished to determine if, in an unselected community based population, the same results could be achieved with FR therapy as those seen in highly selected clinical trial populations. Patients and Methods: The BC Cancer Agency (BCCA) Lymphoid Cancer Database was searched to identify pts who received FR as initial therapy for CLL/SLL as per BCCA guidelines (F 40mg/m2/day orally D1-5 or 25mg/m2/day IV D1-5 [adjusted for renal function] and R 375mg/m2 IV D1, q 28 days for 4-8 cycles). Pts were excluded if they had more than one hematologic malignancy (n=2). OS was calculated from date of FR to date of death or last follow-up. Treatment-free survival (TFS) was calculated from date of FR to date of next treatment or death from toxicity. Factors present at initiation of treatment were analyzed for impact on outcomes. Results: 98 pts were identified who received FR from 2004-2009 as initial therapy for CLL (83%) or SLL (17%). Median age at FR was 62 y (range, 42 – 86 y). 36% had Rai stage 3 or 4 and 13% had ECOG performance status 2-3. Median lymphocyte count was 30 × 109/L (range 0.6-282 × 109/L) and LDH was elevated in 34% (29/86 with available levels). Nearly half of all pts tested were positive for CD38 (34 of 69 pts, 49%) and ZAP 70 expression (10 of 22 pts, 45%). FISH was performed in 35 pts: 13q deletion, 21 (60%); 11q deletion, 5 (14%); 17p deletion, 10 (29%); trisomy 12, 11 (31%). Most pts (65%) were observed prior to FR for a median of 28 months (range, 3 – 172 mos). Common indications for treatment included symptomatic lymphadenopathy (n=36), cytopenias (n=28), fatigue (n=23), and constitutional symptoms (n=19). Pts underwent a median of 6 cycles of FR (range, 1-8). Treatment was discontinued due to toxicity in 13 pts (13%) (cytopenias, 5; febrile neutropenia, 3; infection, 2; pulmonary disease, 1; ITP, 1; AIHA, 1) and due to progression in 4 pts (4%). Hospitalization during therapy was required in 13 pts (13%) (febrile neutropenia, 5; documented infection, 2; elective splenectomy, 2; pulmonary disease, 2; ITP, 1; rituximab administration, 1). At a median follow up of living pts of 2.4 y, 31 pts (32%) have received additional therapy after FR including CVP in 11 pts (+R, 8); chlorambucil, 7 (+ R, 1; +prednisone, 1); FR, 5; cyclophosphamide, 5 (+prednisone, 3; +vincristine, 1); CHOP, 3 (+R, 2). At time of analysis (June 2009), 86 pts were alive; 14 died, 12 from progressive CLL and 2 from toxicity of FR (severe infection, 1; interstitial lung disease, 1). For the entire 98 pts, the 2 and 4 y OS were 90% and 72%, respectively (median not reached); 2 and 4 y TFS were 69% and 54%, respectively (median 4.0 y). Factors at treatment contributing to OS in univariate analysis included elevated LDH (P=0.004), Hb <110 g/L (P=0.03), and the presence of deletion 17p by FISH (P=0.04) or CD38 expression (>15% of CD19+ cells) by immunophenotyping (P=0.04). TFS was significantly worse in those with Hb <110 g/L (P=0.003), Rai stage 3-4 (P=0.008) or lymphocyte count >150 × 109/L (P=0.0013) while cytogenetic abnormalities and immunophenotyping had no effect on TFS. Age ≥ 60 y (n=60) or age ≥ 70 y (n=26) had no effect on either OS or TFS. Conclusions: In this non-selected community based population of pts with CLL/SLL, including many over 60 y (61%) and 70 y (27%) of age, our results show that initial treatment with FR leads to excellent OS and TFS, consistent with clinical trial results: 2 y OS, this study 90%; FR Byrd [Blood 2005] 93%; FCR Hallek [ASH 2008] 91%; 2 y TFS, this study 69%; FR Byrd, 2 y PFS 67%; FCR Hallek 2 y PFS 77%. FR can be safely and successfully given to community based pts, irrespective of age, for first-line therapy for CLL/SLL with OS and TFS similar to that achieved in clinical trial settings. Disclosures: Connors: Roche Canada: Research Funding.
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Hodin, Theresa L., Tanbir Najrana, and John L. Yates. "Efficient Replication of Epstein-Barr Virus-Derived Plasmids Requires Tethering by EBNA1 to Host Chromosomes." Journal of Virology 87, no. 23 (September 25, 2013): 13020–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01606-13.
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The EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus enables plasmids carryingoriPboth to duplicate and to segregate efficiently in proliferating cells. EBNA1 recruits the origin recognition complex (ORC) to establish a replication origin at one element oforiP, DS (dyadsymmetry); at another element, FR (family ofrepeats), EBNA1 binds to an array of sites from which it tethers plasmids to host chromosomes for mitotic stability. We report experiments leading to the conclusion that tethering by EBNA1 to host chromosomes is also needed within interphase nuclei in order for plasmids to be replicated efficiently fromoriP. The DNA-binding domain of EBNA1, which lacks chromosome-binding ability, was found to support weak, DS-specific replication in HEK293 cells after transient transfection, being 17% as active as wild-type EBNA1. The low efficiency of replication was not due to the failure of the DNA-binding domain to retain plasmids within nuclei, because plasmids were recovered in similar amounts and entirely from the nuclear fraction of these transiently transfected cells. A derivative of EBNA1 with its chromosome-tethering domains replaced by a 22-amino-acid nucleosome-binding domain was fully active in supportingoriPfunctions. The implication is that EBNA1's DNA-binding domain is able to recruit ORC to DS, but either this step or subsequent replication is only efficient if the plasmid is tethered to a host chromosome. Finally, with some cell lines, DS can hardly support even transient plasmid replication without FR. A loss of plasmids lacking FR from nuclei cannot account for this requirement, suggesting that the stronger tethering to chromosomes by FR is needed for plasmid replication within the nuclei of such cells.
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Liu, M. S., and L. Y. Cui. "PO31-FR-13 Low CMAP amplitude decreases reproducibility of statistical MUNE." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 285 (October 2009): S323—S324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(09)71231-6.
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Takemura, Yoshihiro, Masayuki Kishimoto, and Fumio Tamura. "Selection of cut flower species affected promotion of flowering and stem elongation by far-red lighting or heating treatments on end of day under limited sunshine from autumn to winter." Horticultural Science 47, No. 3 (September 30, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/174/2018-hortsci.
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The effect of a brief exposure to treatments of end-of-day (EOD) far-red (FR) light and EOD-heating on flowering and stem elongation in certain species cultivated in areas with limited sunshine from autumn to winter has been investigated. Thirteen EOD-FR treated cultivars among all 24 cultivars tested in experiment 1, showed earlier flowering than control plants. Additionally, Kanzaki No.21, F1 Winter cherry and Gypsy deep rose were earlier to flower under the all night-FR treatment than under the EOD-FR treatment. Further, 13 cultivars among all cultivars tested in experiment 1 showed greater stem length, whereas 16 cultivars of them showed greater mean internode length than controls when treated with EOD-FR. The days to flowering in 13 cultivars treated by EOD-Heating, flowering was earlier than in controls. Also, stem length and mean internode length were also promoted by the same treatment in 7 cultivars. Additionally, flowering and stem elongation of Stella rose, Arizona sun, Suzuhime and Extra carmine rose were promoted by a combination of both treatments, and productivity and quality were improved. These results suggest that the treatments tested can help the production of cut-flowers in areas with limited sunshine from autumn to winter, although the method of application of the treatments must be optimized for each species.
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Conover, C. A., L. N. Satterthwaite, and R. T. Poole. "Plant Growth and NOx-N in Leachate from Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Camille’." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-12.3.119.
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Abstract Dieffenbachia ‘Camille’ liners were planted and grown until “ready-for-market” in 1.6 liter pots containing Vergro Container Mix A without superphosphate. Plants were fertilized (FR) using 4, 8, 12, or 16 g 19N-2.6P-10K (0.14, 0.28, 0.42 or 0.56 oz 19–6–12) Osmocote 3-month release formula and were irrigated (IF) one, two or three times per week. Experiments were conducted during cooler months (20 weeks, January–May) and also during warmer months (13 weeks, June–September). Medium leachate samples were collected weekly for the duration of each experiment. Plant grade and top fresh weight (growth parameters) during the winter responded to an interaction between treatments (FR × IF). During the summer experiment, growth parameters were affected only by IF and were greatest at 3 irrigations per week. Weekly leachate characteristics (pH and electrical conductivity [EC], and P, NH4-N and NOx-N content) were affected only by FR, with increased fertilizer generally resulting in leachate with decreased pH and increased EC and increased P, NH4-N and NOx-N concentrations, in both winter and summer with the exceptions during the winter of P which increased with either an increase in FR or IF and of NOx-N which also increased with increased IF. Interaction occurred between FR and IF for total mg P leached during each experiment and for total mg NOx-N leached during the 20 week experiment, while total mg NOx-N leached during the 13 week experiment and total mg NH4-N leached in each experiment were affected only by FR.
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RIVAS, M. Z., A. M. PIAGENTINI, and L. N. FRISÓN. "FLORA FÚNGICA CONTAMINANTE NATURAL DE ARÁNDANOS (Vaccinium corymbosum L. O ́Neal) FRESCOS Y TRATADOS TÉRMICAMENTE." FAVE Sección Ciencias Agrarias 19, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/fa.v19i2.8787.
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Se realizó el aislamiento e identifi cación de los mohos presentes en arándanos frescosy tratados térmicamente (10 minutos a 80°C), y se determinó su Abundancia (Ab) y Frecuencia (Fr).Se aislaron e identifi caron ocho especies de mohos en arándanos frescos y ocho especies de mohos en arándanos tratados térmicamente (mohos termorresistentes). Las especies de mohos aislados de arándanos frescos más frecuentes y abundantes fueron Aspergillus niger (Fr: 70% y Ab: 31%) y Penicillium decumbens (Fr: 21% y Ab: 11%). Las especies de mohos aislados de arándanos tratados térmicamente más frecuentes y abundantes fueron Arthrinium phaeospermun (Fr: 30% y Ab: 36%) y Eurotium repens (Fr: 13% y Ab: 21%). Los resultados obtenidos sirven como base para el diseño de tratamientos postcosecha que permitan reducir los mohos más frecuentes y abundantes presentes tanto en arándanos frescos como en aquellos destinados a procesamientos que incluyan una etapa de tratamiento térmico.
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Vitulli, William F., J. Ken Lambert, Stella W. Brown, and Joseph M. Quinn. "Behavioral Effects of Microwave Reinforcement Schedules and Variations in Microwave Intensity on Albino Rats." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 3 (December 1987): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.787.
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The objective of this exploratory investigation was to determine the interactive effects of fixed-ratio scheduling of microwave reinforcement in tandem with changes in microwave intensity. Nine albino rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with microwave radiation while living in a Skinner (operant conditioning) Box in which the ambient temperature was about 27.13°F at the beginning of the session. Each rat obtained a 6-sec. exposure of microwave radiation on a fixed-ratio schedule of MW reinforcement, the values of which varied from FR-1 to FR-30. Intensities of MW radiation were 62.5 W, 125 W, 250 W, and 437.5 W. Sessions lasted for 8 to 9 hr. over an approximate 13-mo. period. The effects of the intensity of microwave reinforcement varied as a function of the ratio value of the schedule used. Continuous reinforcement (FR-1) produced the lowest over-all rates, whereas FR-15, and FR-25 produced the highest over-all rates. Relatively higher thermal-behavior rates occurred under 62.5 W than under any of the other MW intensities for FR-1, FR-15, and FR-25, whereas FR-10 and FR-30 ratios produced intermediate rates of thermal responding which were constant for all values of MW intensity. These data are explained in terms of interactive effects between the “local” satiation or deprivation properties of the MW intensity and the ratio requirements of the schedule of MW reinforcement.
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Avdagić, Emir. "XIII Kongres Visokih narodnih škola SR Njemačke." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education 11, no. 1 2011 (2011): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2011.11.1.13.
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Espi-Lopez, Gemma V., Marta Ingles, Juan J. Carrasco-Fernandez, Pilar Serra-Añó, Luis Copete-Fajardo, Juan Jose Gonzalez-Gerez, Manuel Saavedra-Hernandez, and Elena Marques-Sule. "Effects of Foam Rolling vs. Manual Therapy in Patients with Tension-Type Headache: A Randomized Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071778.
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Background: This study compares the effect of foam rolling (FR) vs. manual therapy (MT) on pain, pressure pain threshold (PPT), headache disability (HDI) and impact of headache (HIT-6) in patients with tension-type headache (TTH). Methods: A total of 38 participants with TTH were randomly assigned to an FR group (FRG, n = 13), an MT group (MTG, n = 13) or a control group (CG, n = 12). FRG received FR treatment; MTG received MT techniques; CG received a placebo treatment. The treatment lasted one month. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up. Results: Both FRG and MTG showed significant improvements in all variables after the treatment, but the intervention effect was maintained only for functional disability (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005, respectively), overall disability (p = 0.007; p = 0.030) and HIT-6 (p = 0.002; p = 0.001) at follow-up. After treatment, FRG and MTG presented a significantly higher PPT in right (p = 0.044; p = 0.009) and left suboccipital (p = 0.004; p = 0.021). MTG showed a significantly lower HIT-6 than CG (p = 0.008). No differences between FRG and MTG were found in any variable. Conclusions: Both FR and MT are effective treatments for the improvement of clinical symptoms in TTH. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings in a larger population.
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Marteli, Carolina Alves, Aguinaldo Gonçalves, and Carlos Roberto Padovani. "Síndrome metabólica: estudo a partir de características demográficas, de estilo de vida e de controle da doença, em usuários hipertensos de Unidade Básica de Saúde de zona rural de cidade do interior paulista." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 4, no. 13 (November 17, 2008): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc4(13)212.
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Reconhecida como paradigma da civilização do sedentarismo e competitividade da vida moderna por constituir importante conjunto de fatores de risco (FR) para doenças cardiovasculares, a síndrome metabólica representa a combinação de pelo menos três componentes: valores elevados da glicose sangüínea; da pressão arterial; dos triglicérides plasmáticos e do colesterol HDL. Com o objetivo de conhecer fatores associados à evolução da hipertensão arterial para a síndrome metabólica, investigaram-se variáveis demográficas, de estilo de vida e de controle da doença, de população de 95 hipertensos inscritos para tratamento em Unidade Básica de Saúde de zona rural de cidade do interior paulista, os quais, subtraídas as perdas ocorridas (em número de 18), foram estratificados em dois segmentos, a saber: 1) aquele constituído por pessoas que apresentam FR para doença coronariana, de forma isolada ou associada, e 2) o formado por doentes em que a ocorrência conjunta dos FR já configura síndrome metabólica, em número de 45 e 32, respectivamente. Comparações dos valores das variáveis de interesse foram processadas intergrupos e intragrupos entre ambos os grupos referidos pelo teste de Goodman e apresentadas sob forma tabular. Em síntese, observa-se que apenas variáveis referentes à atividade física discriminam ambos os grupos entre si, seja pela própria menção de atividade física, correspondente a Questionário Internacional (Ipaq) e prevalência de obesidade. Conclusivamente, os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa agregaram evidências na direção de concepções e práticas de políticas de empoderamento em saúde.
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Cariteau, B., and J. B. Flór. "An experimental investigation on elliptical instability of a strongly asymmetric vortex pair in a stable density stratification." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 13, no. 6 (November 20, 2006): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-13-641-2006.
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Abstract. We investigate the elliptical instability of a strongly asymmetric vortex pair in a stratified fluid, generated by the acceleration and deceleration of the rotation of a single flap. The dominant parameter is the Froude number, Fr=U/(NR), based on the maximum azimuthal velocity, U, and corresponding radius, R, of the strongest vortex, i.e. the principal vortex, and buoyancy frequency N. For Fr>1, both vortices are elliptically unstable while the instability is suppressed for Fr<1. In an asymmetric vortex pair, the principal vortex is less – and the secondary vortex more – elliptical than the vortices in an equivalent symmetric dipolar vortex. The far more unstable secondary vortex interacts with the principal vortex and increases the strain on the latter, thus increasing its ellipticity and its instability growth rate. The nonlinear interactions render the elliptical instability more relevant. An asymmetric dipole can be more unstable than an equivalent symmetric dipole. Further, the wavelength of the instability is shown to be a function of the Froude number for strong stratifications corresponding to small Froude numbers, whereas it remains constant in the limit of a homogenous fluid.
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EMMEL, Stephen. "The Mystery of FR-BN Copte 13 and the "Codex St.-Louis"." Journal of Coptic Studies 6 (January 1, 2004): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/jcs.6.0.578712.
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Bah, Chernor Momodu, and Unisa Dumbuya. "Economic Growth Effects of the Interaction of Natural Resources and Institutional Quality by Source: Empirical Evidence from Africa." International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijdee.13/vol10n2113.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between natural resources by source, institutional quality by source, and economic growth in Africa using multiple co-integration analysis, the ARDL technique, and VECM granger causality. The findings show that various resources contribute to economic growth in different ways. Mineral rents (MR) have a negative impact on growth, while forest rents (FR) have a beneficial impact. The findings also show that forest rents contribute more to growth in the rule-of-law (ROL) model than in the market openness (MO) model. Among the institutional quality (IQ) variables, the rule of law has the most significant impact on the continent's economic growth. Furthermore, when IQ was added as an interaction variable in the models, both resources (MR and FR) ended up contributing favourably to development. The study recommends that resource-rich countries must specifically concentrate on improving the rule of law since robust outcomes are generated when interacted with natural resources.
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Ormerod, Kiel G., Jacob L. Krans, and A. Joffre Mercier. "Cell-selective modulation of the Drosophila neuromuscular system by a neuropeptide." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 5 (March 1, 2015): 1631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00625.2014.
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Neuropeptides can modulate physiological properties of neurons in a cell-specific manner. The present work examines whether a neuropeptide can also modulate muscle tissue in a cell-specific manner using identified muscle cells in third-instar larvae of fruit flies. DPKQDFMRFa, a modulatory peptide in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, has been shown to enhance transmitter release from motor neurons and to elicit contractions by a direct effect on muscle cells. We report that DPKQDFMRFa causes a nifedipine-sensitive drop in input resistance in some muscle cells (6 and 7) but not others (12 and 13). The peptide also increased the amplitude of nerve-evoked contractions and compound excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) to a greater degree in muscle cells 6 and 7 than 12 and 13. Knocking down FMRFamide receptor (FR) expression separately in nerve and muscle indicate that both presynaptic and postsynaptic FR expression contributed to the enhanced contractions, but EJP enhancement was mainly due to presynaptic expression. Muscle ablation showed that DPKQDFMRFa induced contractions and enhanced nerve-evoked contractions more strongly in muscle cells 6 and 7 than cells 12 and 13. In situ hybridization indicated that FR expression was significantly greater in muscle cells 6 and 7 than 12 and 13. Taken together, these results indicate that DPKQDFMRFa can elicit cell-selective effects on muscle fibers. The ability of neuropeptides to work in a cell-selective manner on neurons and muscle cells may help explain why so many peptides are encoded in invertebrate and vertebrate genomes.
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Kjendlie, Per-Ludvik, and Robert Keig Stallman. "Drag Characteristics of Competitive Swimming Children and Adults." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 1 (February 2008): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.1.35.
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The aims of this study were to compare drag in swimming children and adults, quantify technique using the technique drag index (TDI), and use the Froude number (Fr) to study whether children or adults reach hull speed at maximal velocity (vmax). Active and passive drag was measured by the perturbation method and a velocity decay method, respectively, including 9 children aged 11.7 ± 0.8 and 13 adults aged 21.4 ± 3.7. The children had significantly lower active (kAD) and passive drag factor (kPD) compared with the adults. TDI (kAD/kPD) could not detect any differences in swimming technique between the two groups, owing to the adults swimming maximally at a higher Fr, increasing the wave drag component, and masking the effect of better technique. The children were found not to reach hull speed atvmax, and their Fr were 0.37 ± 0.01 vs. the adults 0.42 ± 0.01, indicating adults’ larger wave-making component of resistance atvmaxcompared with children. Fr is proposed as an evaluation tool for competitive swimmers.
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Pérez de la Puente, Constanza, Federico Losco, Carolina Chacon, Juan Pablo Sade, Gonzalo H. Giornelli, Matias Chacon, and Reinaldo D. Chacon. "Intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT): A risk group with heterogeneous behavior." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.145.
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145 Background: In men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IR-PC) treated with low dose EBRT, the addition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prolongs overall survival. Zumsteg proposes a subdivision for de IR-PC group: favorable or unfavorable. Purpose: retrospective evaluation of EBRT efficacy according to IR-PC subgroups (favorable or unfavorable). Methods: From the institutional radiotherapy department database, from 2000 to 2011, 95 men with IR-PC were identified and subdivided as follows: Favorable Risk (FR) – Gleason 3+4 or less and positive prostate biopsies (ppb) not exceeding 50% and only one intermediate-risk factor excluding 4+3; Unfavorable risk (UR) – Gleason 4+3 or at least 2 intermediate-risk factors or at least one intermediate risk factor and ppb >50%. Results: 95 patients were included in the analysis, mean FUP 6.2 years. 32.6% (31) had >50% ppb, 14.7% (14) had Gleason 4+3, 38.9% (37) had 2 intermediate-risk factors. 42.1% (40) were FR and 57.9% (55) were UR. Median EBRT dose: 79.8Gy. Only 25% of FR patients received some hormonal therapy treatment. There were no differences in time to Prostatic Specific Androgen (PSA) nadir (FR 12 vs UR 13 months; p= .50), biochemical relapse free survival (RFS) (FR 60 vs US 58 months; p= .80), or doubling time PSA (FR 12 vs UR 11 months; p= .19). Biochemical relapse (BR) and local relapse (LR) rates were lower for FR (BR: FR 27.5 vs UR 38.2%, p= .17; LR: FR 5 vs UR 14.5%, p= .40). Local RFS (FR 13.6 vs UR 9.6 years; p= .11) and distant RFS (FR 13.1 vs UR 12.4 years; p= .65) were longer for FR patients. Conclusions: Short course ADT is the standard treatment in IR-PC patients when EBRT is indicated, especially if they have UR features. In our study IR-PC group had heterogeneous outcomes and, in spite the study limitations, FR patients had a trend for better prognosis even with a very low use of ADT. If Favorable IR-PC patients may avoid ADT morbidity should be answered by a randomized trial.
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Matthaei, S., H. Benecke, H. H. Klein, A. Hamann, G. Kreymann, and H. Greten. "Potential mechanism of insulin resistance in ageing: impaired insulin-stimulated glucose transport due to a depletion of the intracellular pool of glucose transporters in Fischer rat adipocytes." Journal of Endocrinology 126, no. 1 (July 1990): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1260099.
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ABSTRACT To examine the cellular mechanism responsible for impaired insulin action in ageing, we determined various in-vitro parameters involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, i.e. basal and insulin-stimulated [14C]3-O-methylglucose transport (30MG), 125I-labelled insulin binding, activation of insulin receptor kinase (IRKA) in intact cells, and number and subcellular distribution of glucose transporters in subcellular membrane fractions of adipocytes from 6- (FR-6) and 24- (FR-24) month-old Fischer rats. Ageing had no effect on basal 30MG (12±4 vs 13±3 fmol/5 × 104 cells, means ± s.e.m.); in contrast, in FR-24 rats insulin-stimulated 30MG was markedly decreased by 43% when compared with that in FR-6 rats (158±14 vs 90±8 fmol/5 × 104 cells; P < 0·01). Insulin binding to adipocytes from FR-6 rats was 2·40±0·38% compared with 2·28±0·47% in FR-24 (P not significant). Moreover, ageing had no significant effect on IRKA, as determined by insulin-stimulated (0, 1, 4 and 500 ng insulin/ml) 32P-incorporation into histone 2B. In subcellular membrane fractions, low density microsomes and plasma membranes, glucose transporter numbers were determined using [3H]cytochalasin B binding and immunodetection using an antiserum against the C-terminal peptide of the hepatoma-G2-glucose transporter. Cytochalasin B binding revealed that in the basal state the intracellular pool of glucose transporters was depleted in FR-24 by about 39% compared with low density microsomes from FR-6: (48·6±7·2 vs 29·8±5·5 pmol/mg membrane protein; P < 0·01). In consequence, in FR-24 there were fewer glucose transporters available for insulin-induced translocation to the plasma membrane (insulin-treated plasma membrane: 23·9±4·2 (FR-6) vs 14·4±3·1 (FR-24) pmol/mg membrane protein; P < 0·01). These results were confirmed by immunoblotting. In conclusion, (1) maximal insulin-stimulated 30MG was decreased by 43% in cells from FR-24 rats compared with those from FR-6 rats, while basal 30MG was similar in both groups, (2) neither insulin binding nor IRKA were significantly altered in cells from FR-24 rats, and (3) impaired insulin-stimulated 30MG was associated with reduced numbers of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane as a consequence of a depletion of the intracellular pool of glucose transporters in cells from FR-24 rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 126, 99–107
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Бирюков, Дмитрий Сергеевич. "Two Thinkers Discussing Palamism: Fr. Sergius Bulgakov’s Sophiological Palamism and Fr. Georges Florovsky’s Neo-Palamism (the 1920s)." Вопросы богословия, no. 1(3) (June 15, 2020): 13–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-7491-2020-1-3-13-43.
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Настоящая статья развивает предшествующие исследования автора, посвящённые путям рецепции паламизма в русской мысли начала - первой половины XX в. Здесь реконструируется исторический и интеллектуальный контекст рецепции паламизма у С. Н. Булгакова и Г. В. Флоровского, и показывается, как формировалось понимание паламизма Флоровским в контексте его полемического отталкивания от софиологии Булгакова. Выделяется два этапа в обращении Г. В. Флоровским к паламитскому богословию: в 1920-х и в 1950-х гг. В данной статье рассматривается первый из этих этапов, связанный с общением Г. В. Флоровского с С. Н. Булгаковым в 1920-х гг. В этой связи рассматривается софиологическая проблематика у С. Н. Булгакова и выделяется допаламитский (1910-е) и паламитский (1920-е) этапы в софиологии последнего. В своём фундаментальном труде «Свет Невечерний» (1917) Булгаков упоминает о Софии как о «четверной ипостаси» в Боге. Желая смягчить это учение, в статье «Ипостась и ипостасность» (1924) Булгаков вводит понятие «ипостасности», как относящееся к Софии, и привлекает паламитское различение сущности и энергий, соотнося Софию с божественной энергией, наделяя таким образом энергию «ипостасностью». Этот ход содержит пантеистические тенденции. Также, Булгаков предлагает «формулы паламизма», предполагающие, что божественность энергий Божества иная, чем сущности. Автор реконструирует интеллектуальный контекст этих формул и показывает их зависимость от трактовки паламизма П. А. Флоренским и С. В. Троицким (при том, что они были по разные стороны баррикад в имяславских спорах). Далее автор обращается к переписке Г. В. Флоровского с С. Н. Булгаковым 1926 г. и анализирует отражённую в ней полемику Флоровского с булгаковским софиологическим паламизмом. Автор показывает, что в ходе этой полемики Флоровский, желая элиминировать тенденцию Булгакова к гипостазированию энергии, говорит об энергии как об акциденции. Затем автор обращается к программному сочинению Флоровского «Тварь и тварность» (1928) и показывает, что в нем предлагается новое прочтение паламизма по сравнению с трактовкой паламизма у Булгакова (и Флоренского). В отличие от других исследователей, автор находит в этом сочинении прямую полемику с «Ипостасью и ипостасностью» Булгакова, касающуюся темы ипостасности энергии. Кроме того, Флоровский здесь пересматривает представление об энергии как акциденции и настаивает, что энергии - это тот же Бог, что и божественная сущность. Автор видит в этом новое для своего времени прочтение паламизма и первый шаг неопаламитского движения XX в. This article develops previous studies of the author on the ways of reception of Palamism in the Russian thought of the early 20th century. Here he reconstructs the historical and intellectual context of reception of Palamism in Sergius Bulgakov and Georges Florovsky, and shows how Florovsky’s understanding of Palamism was formed in the context of his polemical repulsion from Bulgakov’s Sophiology. The author distinguishes two stages in Florovsky’s appeal to Palamite theology: in the 1920s and the 1950s. In this article, the first of them is considered. This stage was due to the fact of the communication between Florovsky and Bulgakov in the 1920s. In this regard, the author considers Bulgakov’s Sophiology, and highlights Pre-Palamite (1910s) and Palamite (1920s) stages in it. In his fundamental work “The Unfading Light” (1917), Bulgakov mentions Sophia as the “fourth hypostasis” in the Godhead. In order to soften this teaching, in his article “Hypostasis and Hypostaticity” (1924) Bulgakov introduces the concept of “hypostaticity” as referring to Sofia, and introduces the Palamite distinction between essence and energies, taking Sofia as a divine energeia, thus endowing an energeia with “hypostaticity”. This step contains pantheistic tendencies. Also, Bulgakov offers the “formulas of Palamism”, suggesting that the divinity of the energies is different from one of the essence. The author reconstructs the intellectual context of these formulas and shows their dependence on the interpretation of Palamism by Pavel Florensky and Sergius Troitsky (despite the fact that they were opponents in the Name-Glorifying dispute). Next, he turns to the correspondence of Georgy Florovsky with Sergei Bulgakov in 1926, and analyzes Florovsky’s polemics with Bulgakov’s sophiological Palamism reflected in it. It is shown that in the course of this polemic, Florovsky, wishing to eliminate Bulgakov’s tendency to the hypostatizing of energeia, speaks of energeia as an accident. Then the author turns to Florovsky’s essay “Creation and Createdness” (1928) and shows that it offers a new reading of Palamism in comparison with Bulgakov’s (and Florensky’s) interpretation of it. Unlike previous researchers, the author sees in this work a direct polemic with Bulgakov’s “Hypostasis and Hypostaticity” concerning the theme of hypostaticity of energeia. In addition, Florovsky here revises and rejects the idea of energeia as an accident and insists that energeia is the same divine as the substance of the Godhead. The author conceives this as a new reading of Palamism for that time and the first step of the Neo-Palamite movement in the 20th century.
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Hao, Hong, Huiling Qi, and Manohar Ratnam. "Modulation of the folate receptor type β gene by coordinate actions of retinoic acid receptors at activator Sp1/ets and repressor AP-1 sites." Blood 101, no. 11 (June 1, 2003): 4551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-10-3174.
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Abstract Folate receptor (FR) type β is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) owing particularly to its specific up-regulation in AML cells by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Here we identify functional elements in the FR-β gene and examine the molecular mechanism of transcriptional induction of FR-β by ATRA. The basal promoter activity of FR-β resulted from synergistic interaction between Sp1 and ets binding sites (EBSs) and repression by upstream AP-1–like elements, whose action required EBSs. A minimal promoter containing the Sp1 and ets elements was ATRA-responsive. The repressor elements bound Fos family proteins; association of the proteins with the repressor elements correlated negatively with FR-β expression in peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes and also in KG-1 (AML) cells grown in the absence or in the presence of ATRA. Furthermore, down-regulation of FR-β in KG-1 cells treated with O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was accompanied by increased AP-1 binding to the repressor elements. From chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, the nuclear retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) associated with the Sp1 region, and RARs β and γ associated with the AP-1 and Sp1 regions; treatment of KG-1 cells with ATRA did not alter Sp1 binding but increased the association of RARα and decreased the association of RARs β and γ. ATRA also decreased RAR expression levels. The results suggest that the FR-β gene is a target for multiple coordinate actions of nuclear receptors for ATRA directly and indirectly acting on a transcriptional complex containing activating Sp1/ets and inhibitory AP-1 proteins. The multiple mechanisms favor the prediction that ATRA will induce FR-β expression in a broad spectrum of AML cells. Further, optimal FR-β induction may be expected when all 3 RAR subtypes bind agonist.
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Wijeysundera, N. E., M. N. A. Hawlader, and K. Y. Foong. "Estimation of Collector Performance Parameters From Daily System Tests." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2847922.
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A test procedure to estimate the daily mean values of the linear collector characteristics, FR,(τα) and FRUL, from the measured variation of the storage tank temperature was investigated. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used for parameter estimation. Two flat-plate collectors were tested over a period of 11 days each to study the feasibility of the test procedure. The tests were conducted under variable weather conditions and inlet water temperatures. The standard deviation for the daily mean values of FR(τα) and FRUL were about 2.8 percent and 4 percent, respectively. The differences between the daily mean values obtained by the proposed method and the steady-state test values for FR (τα) were about 4 percent to 7 percent, while for FRUL the differences were 9 percent to 13 percent.
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Kim, Hyung-Seung, Junho Hong, and In-Sun Choi. "Implementation of Distributed Autonomous Control Based Battery Energy Storage System for Frequency Regulation." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092672.
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It has been mandated that 5% of the generation capacity of conventional fossil fuel power plants shall be used exclusively for frequency regulation (FR) purposes in South Korea. However, the rotational speed of generators cannot be controlled quickly, and thus the variation in the power generation for FR takes some time. Even during this short period of time, frequency fluctuations may occur, and the frequency may be out of range of its reference value. In order to overcome the limitations of the existing FR method, 374 MW (103 MWh) battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for FR have been installed and are in operation at 13 sites in South Korea. When designing the capacity of BESS for FR, three key factors, i.e., the deployment time, duration of delivery, and end of delivery, are considered. When these times can be reduced, the required capacity for BESS installation can be decreased, achieving the same operational effects with minimal investment in the facilities. However, because a BESS for FR (FR BESS) needs to be installed under a large capacity, providing a single output, a centralized control method is employed. The centralized control method has the advantage of being able to view and check the entire system at once, although in the case of FR BESS, a novel system design that can optimize the above three factors through a faster and more accurate control is required. Therefore, this paper proposes the implementation of a distributed autonomous control-based BESS for frequency regulation. For the proposed FR BESS, the central control system is responsible for the determination of external factors, e.g., power generation/demand forecasting; and the system is designed such that the optimal control method of renewable energy sources and BESS according to real-time frequency variations during practical operation is determined and operated using a distributed autonomous control method. Furthermore, this study was verified through the simulation that the proposed distributed autonomous control method conducts FR faster than an FR BESS with conventional centralized control, leading to an increase in the FR success rate, and a decrease in the deployment time required (e.g., 200 ms).
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Juusola, L., O. Amm, H. U. Frey, K. Kauristie, R. Nakamura, C. J. Owen, V. Sergeev, J. A. Slavin, and A. Walsh. "Ionospheric signatures during a magnetospheric flux rope event." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 12 (December 5, 2008): 3967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3967-2008.
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Abstract. On 13 August 2002, during a substorm, Cluster encountered two earthward moving flux ropes (FR) in the central magnetotail. The first FR was observed during the expansion phase of the substorm, and the second FR during the recovery phase. In the conjugate ionospheric region in Northern Fennoscandia, the ionospheric equivalent currents were observed by the MIRACLE network and the auroral evolution was monitored by the Wideband Imaging Camera (WIC) on-board the IMAGE satellite. Extending the study of Amm et al. (2006), we examine and compare the possible ionospheric signatures associated with the two FRs. Amm et al. studied the first event in detail and found that the ionospheric footprint of Cluster coincided with a region of downward field-aligned current. They suggested that this region of downward current, together with a trailing region of upward current further southwestward, might correspond to the ends of the FR. Unlike during the first FR, however, we do not see any clear ionospheric features associated with the second one. In the GSM xy-plane, the first flux rope axis was tilted with respect to the y-direction by 29°, while the second flux rope axis was almost aligned in the y-direction, with an angle of 4° only. It is possible that due to the length and orientation of the second FR, any ionospheric signatures were simply mapped outside the region covered by the ground-based instruments. We suggest that the ground signatures of a FR depend on the orientation and the length of the structure.
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Xie, H., N. Gopalswamy, and S. Akiyama. "The Structural Connection between Coronal Mass Ejection Flux Ropes near the Sun and at 1 au." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac23cc.
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Abstract We have performed the first comprehensive statistical analysis comparing flux rope (FR) structures of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) near the Sun and at 1 au, using Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory measurements for the two full solar cycles 23 and 24. This study aims to investigate the physical connection of 102 magnetic FRs among solar source regions, CMEs in the extended corona, and magnetic clouds (MCs) near Earth. Our main results are as follows: (1) We confirmed that the hemispheric-helicity rule holds true for ∼87% of our 102 events. For the 13 events that do not follow this rule, the FR axis directions and helicity signs can be inferred from soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet images and magnetogram data in the source regions (e.g., coronal arcade skews, Fe xii stalks, sigmoids, and magnetic tongues). (2) Around 25% of the 102 events have rotations >40° between the MC and CME-FR axial orientations. (3) For ∼56% of these rotational events, the FR rotations occurred within the COR2 field of view, which can be predicted from the CME tilts obtained from FR fitting models. In addition, we found that for 89% of the 19 stealth CMEs under study, we were able to use coronal neutral line locations and tilts to predict the FR helicity and its axial direction in the MCs. The above results should help improve the prediction of FR structures in situ. We discuss their implications on space weather forecasts.
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Shapiro, Allison, Abigail Flesher, Kendal Lattanzi, Renee Charlifue-Smith, and Susan Johnson. "Young Children's Food-Related Receptive Language and Acceptance of a Novel Food." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_114.
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Abstract Objectives Little inquiry has been undertaken regarding the interface of children's development of eating behaviors and their understanding of food-related (FR) words. Thus, we explored the relationship between young children's understanding of FR vocabulary (FR receptive language) and their acceptance of a novel food. Methods Caregivers (n = 35) and children ages 7–24 mo (n = 12 infants age <12 mo; n = 23 toddlers age ≥12 mo) participated in a study in which caregivers offered a novel food (nutrition supplement added to infant oatmeal) to their children. Novel food acceptance was measured as g consumed. The Communicative Development Inventory assessed caregiver perceptions of infants’ understanding of 154 words related to food and eating (FR receptive language). A linear regression model with FR receptive language, age (toddler vs. infant) and a FR receptive language-by-age interaction was used to predict acceptance of the novel food. Covariates included infant sex and BMI z-score and a p < 0.1 was chosen for this exploratory study. Results As expected, caregivers reported that infants understood fewer words as compared to toddlers (median [IQR]; 7 [13] vs. 33 [46], respectively). The relationship between FR receptive language and novel food acceptance differed by age (F = 8.08, p = 0.01). Among toddlers, greater FR receptive language (more food-related words understood) was associated with greater novel food acceptance (β [95% CI], 0.22g [−0.04, 0.49], p = 0.09). In younger infants, greater FR receptive language was associated with lower novel food acceptance (−0.80g [−1.53, −0.07], p = 0.03). Conclusions Receptive language facilitates children's understanding of their environment and contributes to shaping their behavior. Our preliminary findings suggest that greater FR receptive language may facilitate acceptance of novel food in toddlers. Younger infants were perceived to understand few words and may not have enough receptive language to positively influence food acceptance. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Government of Canada, as part of the Business Platform for Nutrition Research (BPNR) hosted by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition.
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Beghini, Andrea. "La bellezza di Teosseno. Ipotesi interpretativa di Pindaro fr. 123, 13-15 Maehler." Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica 141, no. 2 (July 2013): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rfic.5.123225.
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González, Paul Medina, Rodrigo Muñoz Cofré, and Máximo Escobar Cabello. "Functional reserve in functionally independent elderly persons: a calculation of gait speed and physiological cost." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 19, no. 4 (August 2016): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-98232016019.150136.
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Abstract Aim: To analyze the behavior of functional reserve percentage (%FR) by gender in functional elderly persons, considering speed and the physiological cost of gait. Methods: A total of 53 self-reliant elderly persons, 40 of whom were women (age 69.4±4.7 years old; BMI 31.2±4.3 kg/m2) and 13 of whom were men (age 70.8±7.2 years old; BMI 28.7±3.5 kg/m2) participated in an observational and cross-sectional study. Participants were requested to walk at comfortable (CG) and maximum gait (MG). Both modalities were performed on a 70-meter elliptical circuit over three minutes. Distance and working heart rate were recorded for the corresponding calculation of average gait speed (AGS), physiological cost index (PCI) and used working heart rate percentage (% uWHR). With this information the FR% was determined by the percentage ratio with AGS, PCI and %uWHR under comfortable versus maximum demand walk conditions. Results: The association between %FR and AGS was significantly higher in males (p=0.017), reaching values of +-20% in most subjects. The physiological %FR for PCI was ≈30% in both men and women (p=0.156), while for % uWHR was ≈40% in females and ≈45% in males (p=0.131). Conclusion: AGS is a critical threshold functionality indicator to determine FR in functionally independent Chilean elderly persons.
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Petrova, Petar, Viktoria Todorova, Konstantin Hristov, Daniela Petrova, Ognyan Gatsev, Kremena Petkova, and Iliya Saltirov. "Safety of the ureteral access sheath in unstented ureters." Journal of Endourology and Minimally Invasive Surgery 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.57045/jemis/1021122.pp49-54.
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Introduction and objective: With advances in technology in recent years, the indications for flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones have expanded. To facilitate retrograde access to the kidney, extraction of fragments and reduction of intrarenal pressure during surgery, the ureteral access sheath (UAS) was introduced. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative stricture after the use of UAS in unstented patients and the effectiveness and safety of different sizes of UAS. Material and methods: A retrospective study was performed, including 240 fURS procedures with the use of UAS, performed between January 2019 and April 2022. We excluded cases in which a previous intervention was performed, patients with a JJ stent, nephrostomy or impacted stones, patients who underwent radiation treatment, or had urinary tract malignancies. The postoperative stricture was considered the presence of hydronephrosis on ultrasound examination or on CT scan in the first and third months. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness and safety of using the 11/13 Fr UAS and the 12/14 Fr UAS was performed. Results: The cohort included 167 patients with a postoperative follow-up of 3 months. In 143 patients (85.7%) UAS 11/13 Fr was used, in 24 patients (14.3%) UAS 12/14 Fr. No postoperative stricture was found in any of the patients. There was no significant difference in efficacy after one procedure using UAS 11/13 versus UAS 12/14 (93.0% vs. 91.7%, p=0.684), despite the larger stone volume in UAS 12/14 (123.4±93.5 mm2 vs. 95.5±41.5, p=0.009). Mean operative time was significantly longer in UAS 11/13 (38.7±11.2 min vs 50.2±16.2 min; p=0.049). Larger UAS size was not associated with more complications compared to a smaller size, comparative safety analysis found no significant differences in the incidence of intra- and postoperative complications (0% vs. 0.7%, p=0.821 and 8.4% vs. 7.2% p=.705, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that UAS use has no impact on the efficacy of fURS and is not associated with an increased rate of intra- and postoperative complications.
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Čermák, Petr, P. Plašil, and R. Petlach. "Evaluation of the response of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. on synergetic effects of abiotic and anthropogenic stress factors in two localities of the Drahany highland." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 1 (2005): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553010059.
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The paper deals with the evaluation of the response of spruce stands on the effect of climatic and anthropogenic factors in two localities predominantly of the 4th forest vegetation zone (fvz) of the Drahany Highland – Forest Range (FR) Proklest, Training Forest Enterprise (TFE) “Masaryk Forest” Křtiny and Forest Range Senetářov, Forests of the CR, Forest District (FD) Tišnov. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of monitoring according to the ICP Forests Programme completed by the determination of the crown structure transformation (CUDLÍN et al., 2001a). This methodology makes possible to estimate retrospective responses of a stand on the actual combination of stress factors as well as its present adaptation potential. In total, 35 circular research plots were monitored (13 FR Proklest, 22 FR Senetářov) with 700 trees in stands dominated by spruce at an age of 79–122 years. Total defoliation ranged between 29.5 and 37% (as an average of the research plots), defoliation of a primary structure in a broad range of 49–85.5%. The average degree of crown structure transformation was 1.57 and 1.6 in FR Proklest and FR Senetářov, respectively. In stands under monitoring, environmental factors manifest themselves differently. Part of the stands (particularly FR Proklest) was affected mainly by unfavour- able climatic conditions in the course of several recent years. As for other stands, it is possible to notice further impacts of synergetic effects of stress factors.
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Foo, Chuan Tai, and Jurgen Herre. "Ambulatory Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in Highly Viscous Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusion." Case Reports in Oncology 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515077.
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Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is common in lung cancer. We report a case of highly viscous recurrent MPE associated with lung cancer. The viscosity prohibited gravity-dependent drainage initially with a 6-Fr aspiration catheter and subsequently with a 12-Fr intercostal drain. The effusion was eventually evacuated after a single dose of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy. This process was repeated a total of 13 times over a 12-month period in an ambulatory setting. No bleeding complications were observed. This case highlights the feasibility and safety of repeated intrapleural fibrinolysis in the management of highly viscous recurrent MPE in an ambulatory setting.
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Eilts, B. E., J. A. Len, C. E. Pope, P. M. Pennington, M. A. E. Vermeulen, M. M. Graham, C. S. Hedlund, S. C. Vasanjee, S. K. Lyle, and R. A. Godke. "174 TRANSCERVICAL EMBRYO COLLECTION IN THE DOMESTIC BITCH." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab174.
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Embryo collection in the bitch is usually performed via surgical collection or uterine excision. Our objective was to collect embryos nonsurgically, or with minimal surgical invasion. Estrus was monitored using vaginal cytology and progesterone analysis during 1 natural cycle and 13 cycles induced by the submucosal insertion of a 2.1-mg deslorelin implant into the vestibulum of Walker-type hounds (n = 10, 30 kg). Bitches (n = 14 cycles) were transcervically inseminated twice in 12 cycles, (3.3 and 5.2 days post-LH) and once on 2 cycles (Day 6 post-LH) with fresh semen. Uterine flushes (n = 14) using an equine medium (ViGro, Bioniche Animal Health USA Inc., Athens, GA, USA) were done 13 to 15 days after the LH peak. Nonsurgical, nonanesthetized flushes were attempted in 9 cycles. In one cycle an 8-Fr, 55-cm Foley catheter with a 1-mL cuff (SurgiVet, Waukesha, WI, USA) stiffened with a metal stylette was inserted through the cervix using a 22-Fr sheath (63027KL, Karl Storz Veterinary Endoscopy, Goleta, CA, USA) and a 3.5-mm cystoscope, (63325BA, Karl Storz Veterinary Endoscopy) and flushed with 1.5 mL of medium infused and recovered by aspiration. In a one bitch, an 8-Fr polypropylene catheter (Sovereign, Tyco Healthcare, Mansfield, MA, USA) was transcervically passed after failing to pass an 8-Fr Foley catheter, but a flush was not done. In 5 cycles, the 22-Fr sheath could not be passed into the cranial vagina, so a 9.5-Fr, 43-cm cystoscope (27012L, Karl Storz Veterinary Endoscopy) was used to transcervically pass a 5-Fr, non-cuffed catheter (17500/0005, Minitube of America, Verona, WI, USA). Only non-cuffed catheters could be passed through the 9.5-Fr cystoscope, so no flushes were attempted. In 2 cycles, the cervix could not be visualized. Surgical flushes under anesthesia were attempted in 5 cycles. One was by transcervical catheterization using an 8-Fr catheter identical to the nonsurgical attempts, but adding surgical exteriorization of the uterine horns and retrograde flushing with 20 mL of medium. In 4 bitches the uterus was exteriorized by ventral midline laparotomy; one had a pyometra at surgery, and in three, 14-gauge i.v. catheters (Angiocath, BD, Sandy, UT, USA) were placed in the tip and body of each horn, and the uterus was retrograde flushed with 20 mL of medium. No embryos were recovered by the nonsurgical and/or transcervical flushes. Passing the 22-Fr sheathed cystoscope that accommodated a cuffed catheter into the cranial vagina, passing a cuffed catheter, or visualizing the cervix was unsuccessful in 7 of 9 cycles. Uterine distension appeared to cause discomfort during nonsurgical flushes. Three of 5 bitches that had a 5-Fr, non-cuffed catheter were subsequently pregnant. One blastocyst was recovered after surgical flushing with the i.v. catheters in the uterus. Nonsurgical embryo recovery in the bitch was most likely unsuccessful, compared to ours and previous work, due to inabilities to pass a cystoscope into the cranial vagina, to pass a catheter through the cervix, to visualize the cervix, or to create uterine distension using a small volume of medium. Pregnancies were maintained after successful transcervical catheterization of mated bitches.
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Barbulescu, Razvan, and Cécile Pierrot. "The multiple number field sieve for medium- and high-characteristic finite fields." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 17, A (2014): 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157014000369.
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AbstractIn this paper we study the discrete logarithm problem in medium- and high-characteristic finite fields. We propose a variant of the number field sieve (NFS) based on numerous number fields. Our improved algorithm computes discrete logarithms in $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathbb{F}_{p^n}$ for the whole range of applicability of the NFS and lowers the asymptotic complexity from $L_{p^n}({1/3},({128/9})^{1/3})$ to $L_{p^n}({1/3},(2^{13}/3^6)^{1/3})$ in the medium-characteristic case, and from $L_{p^n}({1/3},({64/9})^{1/3})$ to $L_{p^n}({1/3},((92 + 26 \sqrt{13})/27)^{1/3})$ in the high-characteristic case.
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Harlow, KaLynn, Max Griesgraber, Andrew Seman, Sydney Shuping, Jeffrey Sommer, Stanley Hileman, and Casey Nestor. "Chronic Undernutrition Inhibits KNDy Neurons in Ovariectomized Ewe Lambs." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1087.
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Abstract Undernutrition negatively impacts reproductive success, at least in part, through a central suppression of GnRH secretion. Given that GnRH neurons are devoid of receptors for peripheral metabolic hormones such as leptin and insulin, nutritional regulation of GnRH secretion must be through afferent input. Neurons which co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin, termed KNDy neurons, are a unique population of cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus and are believed to play a critical role in GnRH/LH pulse generation. With our recent evidence that chronic feed restriction reduced kisspeptin and NKB in young, castrated male sheep, we hypothesized that nutrient restriction would inhibit expression of the KNDy neuron peptides kisspeptin and NKB, while increasing dynorphin expression in young, ovariectomized female sheep. Fifteen ewe lambs were ovariectomized and were fed to maintain body weight (n=7; Fed) or feed-restricted to lose 20% of pre-study body weight (FR; n=8). Blood samples were taken weekly every 12 minutes for 4.5 hours via jugular venipuncture and plasma was stored at -20°C until assessment of LH using radioimmunoassay. Body weights were recorded weekly and feed amounts were adjusted to achieve desired body weights. Following blood collection at Week 13, animals were euthanized, brain tissue was perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, and tissue containing the hypothalamus was collected for assessment of KNDy neuropeptide mRNA abundance by in situ hybridization (RNAscope). At Week 13, the average percent change in body weight was clearly evident (Fed, 7.35 +/- 2.2% vs FR, -21.36 +/- 0.9%), and mean LH concentrations were lower in FR ewes (10.70 +/- 3.1 ng/ml) compared to Fed controls (20.98 +/- 3.8 ng/ml). Data analyzed to date for kisspeptin, NKB, and dynorphin in the ARC show that feed restriction reduced the number of kisspeptin mRNA-expressing cells (Fed, 165 +/- 25 vs FR, 9.25 +/- 6), the number of NKB mRNA-expressing cells (Fed, 141 +/- 28 vs FR, 24 +/- 5), and the number of dynorphin mRNA-expressing cells (Fed, 109 +/- 41 vs FR, 29.5 +/- 24). Together, these findings demonstrate that chronic feed restriction suppresses KNDy neurons and supports a role for these key reproductive neurons in the central mechanism governing GnRH/LH secretion during undernutrition in female sheep.
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Walters, Kellie J., Allison A. Hurt, and Roberto G. Lopez. "Flowering, Stem Extension Growth, and Cutting Yield of Foliage Annuals in Response to Photoperiod." HortScience 54, no. 4 (April 2019): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13789-18.
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Foliage annuals are primarily grown for the aesthetic appeal of their brightly colored, variegated, or patterned leaves rather than for their flowers. Once foliage annuals become reproductive, vegetative growth of many species diminishes or completely ceases and plants can become unappealing. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify how growth and development during production and stock plant cutting yield of bloodleaf (Iresine herbstii), Joseph’s coat (Alternanthera sp.) ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’, Persian shield (Strobilanthes dyerianus), and variegated potato vine (Solanum jasminoides) are influenced by photoperiod and night interruption (NI) lighting with or without far-red (FR) radiation. Photoperiods consisted of a 9-hour short day (SD) or a 9-hour SD extended to 10, 12, 13, 14, or 16 hours with red (R):white (W):FR light-emitting diode (LED) lamps (R:FR = 0.8) providing a total photon flux density (TPFD) of ≈2 µmol·m−2·s–1 of radiation. In addition, two treatments consisted of a 9-hour SD with a 4-hour NI from lamps containing the same R:W:FR or R:W LEDs (R:FR = 37.4). Bloodleaf plant and Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’ developed inflorescences or flowers under photoperiods ≤12 to 13 hours and were classified as obligate SD plants. Under LEDs providing R:W:FR radiation, stem elongation of reproductive bloodleaf and Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’ increased as photoperiod increased from 9 to 12 hours. In addition, stem elongation of bloodleaf, Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’, and Persian shield and growth index (GI = {plant height + [(diameter 1 + diameter 2)/2]}/2) of bloodleaf and Persian shield was significantly greater under NI with FR radiation than without FR radiation. Fewer or no cuttings were harvested from Joseph’s coat ‘Brazilian Red Hots’ and ‘Red Threads’ under photoperiods ≤12 or ≤13 hours, respectively. To prevent unwanted flowering of bloodleaf plant and Joseph’s coat, a photoperiod ≥14 hours or 4-hour NI must be maintained with LEDs providing either R:W or R:W:FR radiation, however; stem elongation is significantly reduced under R:W LEDs.
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Nikolic, Dragan, and Dragan Milatovic. "Examining self-compatibility in plum (Prunus domestica L.) by fluorescence microscopy." Genetika 42, no. 2 (2010): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1002387n.
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Self-compatibility in 18 European plum cultivars was examined using the method of fluorescence microscopy. According to selfcompatibility, cultivars were divided into two groups: self-compatible and self-incompatible. In self-compatible cultivars the number of pistils, where pollen tubes reached the base of the style varied from 32.00% (Anna Sp?th) to 91.18% (Wangenheims Fr?hzwetsche). Mean number of pollen tubes at the base of style in these cultivars ranged from 0.52 to 3.97. Cultivars were considered self-incompatible if pollen tubes stopped their growth in the style along with forming characteristic swellings at their tips. Of the studied cultivars, 13 were found to be self-compatible: Wangenheims Fr?hzwetsche, Cacanska Lepotica, Valjevka, California Blue, Cacanska Rodna, Italian Prune, Stanley, Pozegaca, Herman, Bluefre, Jelica, Ruth Gerstetter and Anna Sp?th, while 5 were found to be self-incompatible: Cacanska Rana, Zimmers Fr?hzwetsche, Cacanska Najbolja, Pacific and President.
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Wittbrodt, Matthew T., Mindy Millard-Stafford, Ross A. Sherman, and Christopher C. Cheatham. "Fluid Replacement Attenuates Physiological Strain Resulting From Mild Hypohydration Without Impacting Cognitive Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, no. 5 (October 2015): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0173.
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Purpose:The impact of mild hypohydration on physiological responses and cognitive performance following exercise-heat stress (EHS) were examined compared with conditions when fluids were ingested ad libitum (AL) or replaced to match sweat losses (FR).Methods:Twelve unacclimatized, recreationally-active men (22.2 ± 2.4 y) completed 50 min cycling (60%VO2peak) in the heat (32°C; 65% RH) under three conditions: no fluid (NF), AL, and FR. Before and after EHS, a cognitive battery was completed: Trail making, perceptual vigilance, pattern comparison, match-to-sample, and letter-digit recognition tests.Results:Hypohydration during NF was greater compared with AL and FR (NF: -1.5 ± 0.6; AL: -0.3 ± 0.8; FR: -0.1 ± 0.3% body mass loss) resulting in higher core temperature (by 0.4, 0.5 °C), heart rate (by 13 and 15 b·min-1), and physiological strain (by 1.3, 1.5) at the end of EHS compared with AL and FR, respectively. Cognitive performance (response time and accuracy) was not altered by fluid condition; however, mean response time improved (p < .05) for letter-digit recognition (by 56.7 ± 85.8 ms or 3.8%; p < .05) and pattern comparison (by 80.6 ± 57.4 ms or 7.1%; p < .001), but mean accuracy decreased in trail making (by 1.2 ± 1.4%; p = .01) after EHS (across all conditions).Conclusions:For recreational athletes, fluid intake effectively mitigated physiological strain induced by mild hypohydration; however, mild hypohydration resulting from EHS elicited no adverse changes in cognitive performance.
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Hitzl, David Eugene, Yi-Leng Chen, and Hiep Van Nguyen. "Numerical Simulations and Observations of Airflow through the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel, Hawaii." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 4696–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00312.1.
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Abstract During the summer, sustained winds in the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel, Hawaii, may exceed 20 m s−1 with higher gusts. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to diagnose airflow in the Hawaiian coastal waters. High-resolution (2 km) runs are performed for July 2005 covering the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel and nested in a 6-km state domain. Under normal trade wind conditions (7–8 m s−1), winds at the channel entrance are 1–2 m s−1 faster than upstream due to the convergence of the deflected airflows by the islands of Maui and Hawaii, and accelerate through the channel due to along-gap pressure gradients and lower pressure in the wakes of both islands. The acceleration is accompanied by descending airflow (>9 cm s−1) in the exit region with lowering of the trade wind inversion. Deceleration occurs downstream of the channel exit with a rapid change from sinking motion to rising motion (>3 cm s−1). Under normal or strong trade wind conditions, the flow is subcritical [Froude number (Fr) < 1] upstream of the channel, supercritical (Fr > 1) in the exit region, and subcritical again (Fr < 1) downstream with a weak hydraulic jump. The localized sinking motion on the lee side of bordering ridgelines (>1 m s−1) is most significant in the afternoon hours and results in warming and lowering of surface pressure on the lee side, into the channel, and farther downstream. As a result, the channel winds and the wind speed maximum along the southeastern coast of Maui exhibit an afternoon maximum.
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Shahrour, Walid, Pankaj Joshi, Craig B. Hunter, Vikram S. Batra, Hazem Elmansy, Sandesh Surana, and Sanjay Kulkarni. "The Benefits of Using a Small Caliber Ureteroscope in Evaluation and Management of Urethral Stricture." Advances in Urology 2018 (November 21, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9137892.
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Introduction and Objective. The proper evaluation of urethral strictures is an essential part of the surgical planning in urethral reconstruction. The proper evaluation of the stricture can be challenging in certain situations, especially when the meatus is involved. We propose that the use of a small caliber ureteroscope (4.5 Fr and 6.5 Fr) can offer additional help and use for the surgical planning in urethroplasty. Methods. We prospectively collected data on 76 patients who underwent urethroplasties in Kulkarni Reconstructive Urology Center, Pune, India and Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Center, Thunder Bay, Canada. Patients had retrograde and micturition urethrograms performed preoperatively. The stricture was assessed visually using a 6.5 Fr ureteroscope. If the stricture was smaller than 6.5 Fr, we attempted using the 4.5 Fr ureteroscope. In nonobliterated strictures, we attempted bypassing the stricture making sure not to dilate the stricture. A glide wire would be passed to the bladder under vision. Stricture length, tissue quality, presence of other proximal strictures, false passages, and bladder tumors or stones would be assessed visually. If the penile stricture was near obliterative (smaller than 4.5 Fr caliber), a two-staged procedure is elected to be performed. For proximal bulbar strictures, if the urethral caliber is less than 4.5 Fr and the stricture length is less than 1 cm, we perform a nontransecting anastomotic urethroplasty (NTAU). If the stricture length is >1 cm, we perform a double-face augmented urethroplasty (DFAU). If the urethral caliber is >4.5 Fr and particularly those who are sexually active, ventral inlay with buccal mucosal grafts (BMGs) is performed. In mid to distal bulbar strictures, if the urethral caliber is >4.5 Fr, our procedure of choice is dorsal onlay with BMG. For those with urethral caliber <4.5 Fr and a stricture less than 1 cm, we perform a NTAU. For strictures longer than 1 cm, we perform a DFAU. With the exception of trauma, we very rarely transect the urethra. For panurethral strictures, we almost exclusively perform Kulkarni one-sided dissection. Results. Urethroscopy was performed in 76 patients who presented for urethroplasty from July 2014 to September 2014 (in Pune) and between April 2016 and September 2017 (in Thunder Bay). Bypassing the stricture was achieved in 68 patients (89%) while it was unsuccessful in 8 patients (11%). In all unsuccessful urethroscopies, the stricture was near obliterative <4.5 Fr. Our surgical planning changed in (13) 17% of the cases. Out of 43 bulbar strictures, the decision was changed in (9) 21% where we performed 4 DFAU, 3 AAU (augmented anastomotic urethroplasty), and 2 EAU (end anastomotic urethroplasty). In 13 penile strictures, we opted for staged urethroplasty including 3 Johansons and 1 first-stage Asopa in 30.7%. In 20 panurethral urethroplasties, 1 patient (5%) had a urethral stone found in a proximal portion of the bulbar urethra distal to a stricture ring that was removed using an endoscopic grasper. Conclusion. The use of the small caliber ureteroscope can help in evaluation of the stricture caliber, length, and tissue quality. The scope can also aid in placing a guide wire, evaluating the posterior urethra, and screening for urethral or bladder stones. It can also improve the preoperative patient counselling and avoid unwanted surprises.
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Owen, W. Garrett, Qingwu Meng, and Roberto G. Lopez. "Promotion of Flowering from Far-red Radiation Depends on the Photosynthetic Daily Light Integral." HortScience 53, no. 4 (April 2018): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12544-17.
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Under natural short days, growers can use photoperiodic lighting to promote flowering of long-day plants and inhibit flowering of short-day plants. Unlike traditional lamps used for photoperiodic lighting, low-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) lamps allow for a wide array of adjustable spectral distributions relevant to regulation of flowering, including red (R) and white (W) radiation with or without far-red (FR) radiation. Our objective was to quantify how day-extension (DE) photoperiodic lighting from two commercially available low-intensity LED lamps emitting R + W or R + W + FR radiation interacted with daily light integral (DLI) to influence stem elongation and flowering of several ornamental species. Long-day plants [petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.-Andr. ‘Dreams Midnight’) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Oh Snap Pink’)], short-day plants [african marigold (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Moonsong Deep Orange’) and potted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Pacino Gold’)], and day-neutral plants [pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams. ‘Matrix Yellow’) and zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ‘Magellan Cherry’)] were grown at 20/18 °C day/night air temperatures and under low (6–9 mol·m−2·d−1) or high (16–19 mol·m−2·d−1) seasonal photosynthetic DLIs from ambient solar radiation combined with supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting and DE LED lighting. Photoperiods consisted of a truncated 9-hour day (0800–1700 hr) with additional 1-hour (1700–1800 hr, 10 hours total), 4-hour (1700–2100 hr, 13 hours total), or 7-hour (1700–2400 hr, 16 hours total) R + W or R + W + FR LED lighting at 2 μmol·m−2·s−1. Days to visible bud, plant height at first open flower, and time to first open flower (TTF) of each species were influenced by DLI, lamp type, and photoperiod though to different magnitudes. For example, plant height of african marigold and potted sunflower at first open flower was greatest under R + W + FR lamps, high DLIs, and 16-hour photoperiods. Petunia grown under R + W lamps, high DLI, and 10- and 13-hour photoperiods were the most compact. For all species, TTF was generally reduced under high DLIs. For example, regardless of the lamp type, flowering of african marigold occurred fastest under a high DLI and 10-hour photoperiod. Flowering of petunia and snapdragon occurred fastest under a high DLI, R + W + FR lamps, and a 16-hour photoperiod. However, only under high DLIs, R + W or R + W + FR lamps were equally effective at promoting flowering when used to provide DE lighting. Our data suggest that under low DLIs, flowering of long-day plants (petunia and snapdragon) occurs more rapidly under lamps providing R + W + FR, whereas under high DLIs, flowering is promoted similarly under either R + W or R + W + FR lamps.
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Gao, Lingbo, Yiqiang Wang, Yonghao Li, Ping Zhang, and Liang Hu. "Multi-Label Feature Selection Combining Three Types of Conditional Relevance." Entropy 23, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121617.
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With the rapid growth of the Internet, the curse of dimensionality caused by massive multi-label data has attracted extensive attention. Feature selection plays an indispensable role in dimensionality reduction processing. Many researchers have focused on this subject based on information theory. Here, to evaluate feature relevance, a novel feature relevance term (FR) that employs three incremental information terms to comprehensively consider three key aspects (candidate features, selected features, and label correlations) is designed. A thorough examination of the three key aspects of FR outlined above is more favorable to capturing the optimal features. Moreover, we employ label-related feature redundancy as the label-related feature redundancy term (LR) to reduce unnecessary redundancy. Therefore, a designed multi-label feature selection method that integrates FR with LR is proposed, namely, Feature Selection combining three types of Conditional Relevance (TCRFS). Numerous experiments indicate that TCRFS outperforms the other 6 state-of-the-art multi-label approaches on 13 multi-label benchmark data sets from 4 domains.
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UTSUNOMIYA, Iwao, Hideaki MURATAKE, and Mitsutaka NATSUME. "Preparation of Alkyl-Substituted Indoles in the Benzene Portion. Part 13. Enantiospecific Synthesis of Mitosene Analogues Related to FR 900482 and FR 66979." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 43, no. 1 (1995): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.43.37.
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Toumieux, Claire, and Susan Ekrami. "2022/13 Transfer of employee and direct discrimination on ground of religious beliefs (FR)." European Employment Law Cases 7, no. 2 (July 2022): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/eelc/187791072022007002003.
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Gunasekera, S. M., and K. Gunaratna. "PO32-FR-13 Study of sympathetic skin response in Guillain–Barré syndrome: preliminary data." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 285 (October 2009): S330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(09)71256-0.
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