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Shahzad, Khurram. "Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Node Architecture for Data and Computation Intensive Applications." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21956.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in addition to enabling monitoring solutions for numerous new applications areas, have gained huge popularity as a cost-effective, dynamically scalable, easy to deploy and maintainable alternatives to conventional infrastructure-based monitoring solutions. A WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous wireless sensor nodes that measure desired physical phenomena and operate in a collaborative manner to relay the acquired information wirelessly to a central location. A wireless sensor node, integrating the required resources to enable infrastructure-less distributed monitoring, is constrained by its size, cost and energy. In order to address these constraints, a typical wireless sensor node is designed based on low-power and low-cost modules that in turn provide limited communication and processing performances. Data and computation intensive wireless monitoring applications, on the other hand, not only demand higher communication bandwidth and computational performance but also require practically feasible operational lifetimes so as to reduce the maintenance cost associated with the replacement of batteries. In relation to the communication and processing requirements of such applications and the constraints associated with a typical wireless sensor node, this thesis explores energy efficient wireless sensor node architecture that enables realization of data and computation intensive applications. Architectures enabling raw data transmission and in-sensor processing with various technological alternatives are explored. The potential architectural alternatives are evaluated both analytically and quantitatively with regards to different design parameters, in particular, the performance and the energy consumption. For quantitative evaluation purposes, the experiments are conducted on vibration and image-based industrial condition monitoring applications that are not only data and computation intensive but also are of practical importance. Regarding the choice of an appropriate wireless technology in an architecture enabling raw data transmission, standard based communication technologies including infrared, mobile broadband, WiMax, LAN, Bluetooth, and ZigBee are investigated. With regards to in-sensor processing, different architectures comprising of sequential processors and FPGAs are realized to evaluate different design parameters, especially the performance and energy efficiency. Afterwards, the architectures enabling raw data transmission only and those involving in-sensor processing are evaluated so as to find an energy efficient solution. The results of this investigation show that in-sensor processing architecture, comprising of an FPGA for computation purposes, is more energy efficient when compared with other alternatives in relation to the data and computation intensive applications. Based on the results obtained and the experiences learned in the architectural evaluation study, an FPGA-based high-performance wireless sensor platform, the SENTIOF, is designed and developed. In addition to performance, the SETNIOF is designed to enable dynamic optimization of energy consumption. This includes enabling integrated modules to be completely switched-off and providing a fast configuration support to the FPGA. In order to validate the results of the evaluation studies, and to assess the performance and energy consumption of real implementations, both the vibration and image-based industrial monitoring applications are realized using the SENTIOF. In terms of computational performance for both of these applications, the real-time processing goals are achieved. For example, in the case of vibration-based monitoring, real-time processing performance for tri-axes (horizontal, vertical and axial) vibration data are achieved for sampling rates of more than 100 kHz. With regards to energy consumption, based on the measured power consumption that also includes the power consumed during the FPGA’s configuration process, the operational lifetimes are estimated using a single cell battery (similar to an AA battery in terms of shape and size) with a typical capacity of 2600 mA. In the case of vibration-based condition monitoring, an operational lifetime of more than two years can be achieved for duty-cycle interval of 10 minutes or more. The achievable operational lifetime of image-based monitoring is more than 3 years for a duty-cycle interval of 5 minutes or more.
2
Younes, Dina. "Využití systému zbytkových tříd pro zpracování digitálních signálů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233606.
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Předkládaná disertační práce se zabývá návrhem základních bloků v systému zbytkových tříd pro zvýšení výkonu aplikací určených pro digitální zpracování signálů (DSP). Systém zbytkových tříd (RNS) je neváhová číselná soustava, jež umožňuje provádět paralelizovatelné, vysokorychlostní, bezpečné a proti chybám odolné aritmetické operace, které jsou zpracovávány bez přenosu mezi řády. Tyto vlastnosti jej činí značně perspektivním pro použití v DSP aplikacích náročných na výpočetní výkon a odolných proti chybám. Typický RNS systém se skládá ze tří hlavních částí: převodníku z binárního kódu do RNS, který počítá ekvivalent vstupních binárních hodnot v systému zbytkových tříd, dále jsou to paralelně řazené RNS aritmetické jednotky, které provádějí aritmetické operace s operandy již převedenými do RNS. Poslední část pak tvoří převodník z RNS do binárního kódu, který převádí výsledek zpět do výchozího binárního kódu. Hlavním cílem této disertační práce bylo navrhnout nové struktury základních bloků výše zmiňovaného systému zbytkových tříd, které mohou být využity v aplikacích DSP. Tato disertační práce předkládá zlepšení a návrhy nových struktur komponent RNS, simulaci a také ověření jejich funkčnosti prostřednictvím implementace v obvodech FPGA. Kromě návrhů nové struktury základních komponentů RNS je prezentován také podrobný výzkum různých sad modulů, který je srovnává a determinuje nejefektivnější sadu pro různé dynamické rozsahy. Dalším z klíčových přínosů disertační práce je objevení a ověření podmínky určující výběr optimální sady modulů, která umožňuje zvýšit výkonnost aplikací DSP. Dále byla navržena aplikace pro zpracování obrazu využívající RNS, která má vůči klasické binární implementanci nižší spotřebu a vyšší maximální pracovní frekvenci. V závěru práce byla vyhodnocena hlavní kritéria při rozhodování, zda je vhodnější pro danou aplikaci využít binární číselnou soustavu nebo RNS.
3
Ahmed, Moin. "FPGA based morphological filters for power system protection relays." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539919.
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McKeown, M. S. "A System Level Design Methodology for Power Efficient DSP on FPGA." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517537.
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Zhang, Bin. "FPGA Design of a Multicore Neuromorphic Processing System." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1461694994.
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Yeoman, Christina. "FPGA TO POWER SYSTEM THEORIZATION FOR A FAULT LOCATION AND SPECIFICATION ALGORITHM." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/21.
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Fault detection and location algorithms have allowed for the power industry to alter the power grid from the traditional model to becoming a smart grid. This thesis implements an already established algorithm for detecting faults, as well as an impedance-based algorithm for detecting where on the line the fault has occurred and develops a smart algorithm for future HDL conversion using Simulink. Using the algorithms, the ways in which this implementation can be used to create a smarter grid are the fundamental basis for this research. Simulink was used to create a two-bus power system, create environment variables, and then Matlab was used to program the algorithm such that it could be FPGA-implementable, where the ways in which one can retrieve the data from a power line has been theorized. This novel approach to creating a smarter grid was theorized and created such that real-world applications may be further implemented in the future.
7
Ekwall, Anders. "Minimering av effektförbrukning i inbyggt system med FPGA." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177156.
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Målet med detta examensarbete är att undersoka om det är möjligt att reducera energiförbrukningen i ett inbyggt system m.h.a. en Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) med låg effektförbrukning. Genom att flytta en del funktioner från systemets Micro Controller Unit (MCU) till en FPGA, hoppas uppdragsgivaren att systemets MCU kan ges mojligheten att gå över i ett mer energisnålt sömnlage under tillräckligt långa perioder. Rapporten beskriver utvecklingsarbetet från förstudie till implementeriung och test av framtagen design i en FPGA, AGLN250 fran Microsemi. Examensarbetet har visat att det ar fullt mojligt att reducera ett inbyggt systems effektförbrukning m.h.a. en FPGA. Dock måste man, p.g.a. en FPGA:s arkitektur, vara extra aktsam pa hur designen implementeras för att effektförbrukningen inte skall bli högre än förvantat.The purpose of this thesis is to examine the possibility of reducing an embedded system's power consumption through the use of a low-power Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The customer's hope was that by relocating some of the functionality from the system's Micro Controller Unit (MCU) to an FPGA, the system's MCU could remain in its most efficient power saving mode long enough to reduce the average power consumption to an acceptable level. This paper documents the development work, from initial background material studies up to the implementation and test of suggested designs in an actual FPGA, an AGLN250 from Microsemi. The thesis work has demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the customer's system by relocating some of the MCU functionality to an FPGA. However, due to an FPGA's architecture, care must be taken to ensure that the design is implemented in such a way that the signal activity is reduced as far as possible. Otherwise the power consumption might end up higher than expected.
8
Persen, Todd. "FPGA-BASED DESIGN OF A MAXIMUM-POWER-POINT TRACKING SYSTEM FOR SPACE A." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3126.
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Satellites need a source of power throughout their missions to help them remain operational for several years. The power supplies of these satellites, provided primarily by solar arrays, must have high efficiencies and low weights in order to meet stringent design constraints. Power conversion from these arrays is required to provide robust and reliable conversion which performs optimally in varying conditions of peak power, solar flux, and occlusion conditions. Since the role of these arrays is to deliver power, one of the principle factors in achieving maximum power output from an array is tracking and holding its maximum-power point. This point, which varies with temperature, insolation, and loading conditions, must be continuously monitored in order to react to rapid changes. Until recently, the control of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been implemented in microcontrollers and digital signal processors (DSPs). While DSPs can provide a reasonable performance, they do not provide the advantages that field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) chips can potentially offer to the implementation of MPPT control. In comparison to DSP implementations, FPGAs offer lower cost implementations since the functions of various components can be integrated onto the same FPGA chip as opposed to DSPs which can perform only DSP-related computations. In addition, FPGAs can provide equivalent or higher performance with the customization potential of an ASIC. Because FPGAs can be reprogrammed at any time, repairs can be performed in-situ while the system is running thus providing a high degree of robustness. Beside robustness, this reprogrammability can provide a high level of (i) flexibility that can make upgrading an MPPT control system easy by merely updating or modifying the MPPT algorithm running on the FPGA chip, and (ii) expandability that makes expanding an FPGA-based MPPT control system to handle multi-channel control. In addition, this reprogrammability provides a level of testability that DSPs cannot match by allowing the emulation of the entire MPPT control system onto the FPGA chip. This thesis proposes an FPGA-based implementation of an MPPT control system suitable for space applications. At the core of this system, the Perturb-and-observe algorithm is used to track the maximum power point. The algorithm runs on an Alera FLEX 10K FPGA chip. Additional functional blocks, such as the ADC interface, FIR filter, dither generator, and DAC interface, needed to support the MPPT control system are integrated within the same FPGA device thus streamlining the part composition of the physical prototype used to build this control system.M.S.E.E.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
9
Milosavljevic, Ivana. "Power Electronics System Communications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31218.
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This work investigates communication issues in high-frequency power converters. A novel control communication network (Power Electronics System Network or PES Net) is proposed for modular, medium and high-power, converters. The network protocol, hardware and software are designed and implemented. The PES Net runs at 125 Mb/s over plastic optical fiber allowing converter switching frequencies in excess of 100 kHz. Communication control is implemented in a field programmable gate array device. A novel synchronization method applicable to ring networks is proposed. The effect of the communication delay on the power converter operation is studied.Master of Science
10
Troullinos, George. "Application of balanced realizations to power system equivalents." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14855.
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Joo, Choonshik, and Martin Stangl. "Application of Power Regenerative Boom system to excavator." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200461.
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This paper is presenting the application of Power Regenerative Boom(PRB) system to excavator. In order to increase the fuel efficiency of the excavator, potential energy of the front structure is recuperated by the hydraulic hybrid system with electric-hydraulic control, during boom down motion. Charged energy into accumulator is reused after boom down motion, the pressurized oil goes to hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor is mounted on the engine PTO(Power Take-Off), therefore output torque of the hydraulic motor assists the diesel engine directy, it leads to decrease fuel consumption of diesel engine. After the system design and simulation investigation, the presented system was installed into Doosan’s 38ton excavator, DX380LC-3 model, and the energy saving result was verified by a digging and dumping repetition test. The test result shows that fuel consumption was dramatically decreased by 5.0 L/hr compared to the standard DX380LC-3.
12
Wu, Zhongyu. "Wide Area Analysis and Application in Power System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36427.
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Frequency monitoring network (FNET) is an Internet based GPS synchronized wide-area frequency monitoring network deployed at distribution level. At first part of this thesis, FNET structure and characteristics are introduced. After analysis and smoothing FDR signals, the algorithm of event trigger is present with Visual C++ DLL programming.
Estimation of disturbance location method is discussed based on the time delay of arriving (TDOA) in the second part of this work. In this section, author shows the multiply method to calculate event time, which is important when deal with pre-disturbance frequency in TDOA part. Two event kinds are classified by the change of frequency and the linear relationship between change of frequency and imbalance of generation and load power is presented. Prove that Time Delay of Arrival (TDOA) is a good algorithm for estimation event location proved by real cases. At last, the interface of DLL module and the key word to import and export DLL variables and function is described. At last, PSS compensation optimization with a set of nonlinear differential algebraic equations (DAE) is introduced in detail. With combining the bifurcation theory of nonlinear system and the optimization theory, the optimal control of small-signal stability of power electric systems are solved. From the perspective of stability margin, global coordination of controller parameters is studied to ensure the stable operation of power grids. The main contents of this thesis include:
ï¼ 1ï¼ Models of power systems and test power electric systems. Tht5e dynamic and static models of the elements of power systems, such as generatorbbs, AVRs, PSSs, loads and FACTS controllers are presented. Method of power system linearization modeling is introduced. Three test power systems, WSCC 9-bus system, 2-area system, New England 39-bus system, are used in thesis.
ï¼ 2ï¼ Multi-objective optimizations based on bifurcation theory. The optimization models, damping control-Hopf bifurcation control, voltage control-damping control, are presented. Pareto combined with evolutionary strategy (ES) are used to solve multi-objective optimizations. Based on traditional PSS parameters optimizations, it can be formulated as a multi-objective problem, in which, two objectives should be taken into account. The minimum damping torque should be identified.
Master of Science
13
Figuli, Răzvan Peter [Verfasser], and J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "The Customizable Virtual FPGA: Generation, System Integration and Configuration of Application-Specific Heterogeneous FPGA Architectures / Răzvan Peter Figuli ; Betreuer: J. Becker." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154856666/34.
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Chen, Zhihong. "Application of artificial neural networks to power system protection." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212176.
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Jansen, John F. "Application of artificial intelligence techniques to power system design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14974.
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Mulumba, Tshina Fa. "Application of differential evolution to power system stabilizer design." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12026.
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Includes synopsis.Includes bibliographical references.
In recent years, many Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been proposed to optimally tune the parameters of the PSS. GAs are population based search methods inspired by the mechanism of evolution and natural genetic. Despite the fact that GAs are robust and have given promising results in many applications, they still have some drawbacks. Some of these drawbacks are related to the problem of genetic drift in GA which restricts the diversity in the population. ... To cope with the above mentioned drawbacks, many variants of GAs have been proposed often tailored to a particular problem. Recently, several simpler and yet effective heuristic algorithms such as Population Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) and Differential Evolution (DE), etc., have received increasing attention.
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Jensen, Craig A. "Application of computational intelligence to power system security assessment /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5873.
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Zhou, Yanzi. "Power Packet Dispatching Based on Synchronizatioｎ with Features on Safety." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202714.
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GARCIA, ORDÓÑEZ LUIS GUILLERMO. "High Voltage Power Supply System and Front-End DAQ on FPGA/SoC for High Energy Particle Detectors." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/3030919.
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High energy physics experiments are based on complex detectors built with novel techniques frequently configured in multichannel arrays. This complexity creates the need for custom-made related instrumentation and methods not often found in commercial devices. The research activity presented in this thesis aims at developing a distributed High Voltage Power Supply System (HVPSS) network for hybrid Micro-pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) like the ones used in the RICH-1 detector of the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The hardware design was tested in several conditions including test beams at CERN in the SPS H4 beam line and with nuclear sources in the RD51 laboratory.
The modular design as well as the reconfigurable capacity of the SoC-FPGA opened the possibility of using the HVPSS as a tool for other experiments. With few modifications, the system was successfully tested as a front-end Data Acquisition (DAQ) system for Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCD) in the context of indirect measurements of cosmic rays. Additional algorithms were implemented for online particle classification based on pulse-shape discrimination techniques.
This thesis describes the basic concepts of the physics behind these detectors, as well as the electronics used for high energy particle detectors. It is followed by the most relevant aspects of the design process for the HVPSS and its modifications leading to the DAQ for WCDs. A description of the specific techniques developed for these applications and the most significant tests and results obtained during the research process are also presented.High energy physics experiments are based on complex detectors built with novel techniques frequently configured in multichannel arrays. This complexity creates the need for custom-made related instrumentation and methods not often found in commercial devices. The research activity presented in this thesis aims at developing a distributed High Voltage Power Supply System (HVPSS) network for hybrid Micro-pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) like the ones used in the RICH-1 detector of the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The hardware design was tested in several conditions including test beams at CERN in the SPS H4 beam line and with nuclear sources in the RD51 laboratory. The modular design as well as the reconfigurable capacity of the SoC-FPGA opened the possibility of using the HVPSS as a tool for other experiments. With few modifications, the system was successfully tested as a front-end Data Acquisition (DAQ) system for Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCD) in the context of indirect measurements of cosmic rays. Additional algorithms were implemented for online particle classification based on pulse-shape discrimination techniques. This thesis describes the basic concepts of the physics behind these detectors, as well as the electronics used for high energy particle detectors. It is followed by the most relevant aspects of the design process for the HVPSS and its modifications leading to the DAQ for WCDs. A description of the specific techniques developed for these applications and the most significant tests and results obtained during the research process are also presented.
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Vyas, Dhaval N. "FPGA-based hardware accelerator design for performance improvement of a system-on-a-chip application." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Tidball, Kyle D. "The design of an FPGA based embedded data collection system, with application to surface profiling." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14131.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Dwight D. Day
Over the last several years, the use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays, or FPGAs, has become increasingly popular in the embedded systems field. However, FPGAs are typically used only as a coprocessor or dedicated DSP. This project proposes that an embedded system can realize a performance gain over a traditional microprocessor-based design and be made more flexible and extensible by using an FPGA as the primary processing device in the embedded system. Basing a design on an FPGA also allows new features to be much more rapidly developed and integrated into the system. This will be shown by designing an FPGA based embedded system for Surface Systems & Instruments’ Walking Profiler device. The system will include support for rotary encoders, an incline sensor for data collection, and an Ethernet protocol for communication with a Windows computer. The implementation of a sub sampling distance measuring algorithm will be used to demonstrate the tradeoffs between hardware, software, and development times.
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Yilmaz, Oguz. "Participation Of Combined Cycle Power Plants To Power System Frequency Control: Modeling And Application." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607228/index.pdf.
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This thesis proposes a method and develops a model for the participation of a combined cycle power plant to power system frequency control.
Through the period of integration to the UCTE system, (Union for Coordination of Transmission of Electricity in Europe) frequency behavior of Turkey&rsquos grid and studies related to its improvement had been a great concern, so is the reason that main subject of my thesis became as &ldquo
Power System Frequency Control&rdquo
. Apart from system-wide global control action (secondary control)
load control loops at power plants, reserve power and its provision even at the minimum capacity generation stage, (primary control) are the fundamental concerns of this subject. The adjustment of proper amount of reserve at the power plants, and correct system response to any kind of disturbance, in the overall, are measured by the quality of the frequency behaviour of the system. A simulator that will simulate a dynamic gas turbine and its control system model, together with a combined cycle power plant load controller is the outcome of this thesis.
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Pirog, Antoine. "An embedded system for the multiparametric analysis of biological signals : application to the pancreatic biosensor of insulin demand." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0836/document.
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L'enregistrement extracellulaire d'activité électrique est une technique très répandue en neurosciences, mais son application aux îlots pancréatiques et cellules bêta n'est que très récente. La facilité d'utilisation des MEAs (Microelectrode Arrays, Matrices de Microélectrodes) a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives à l'électrophysiologie des cellules bêta, dont des méthodes de criblage en clinique ou des approches biocapteur pour le pancréas artificiel. Cette thèse contribue à la conception et la caractérisation d'un biocapteur hybride composé de cellules pancréatiques cultivées sur un MEA et d'un système électronique de traitement du signal. Le système ainsi réalisé est le fruit de collaborations et projets pluridisciplinaires menés à l'IMS (groupe bioélectronique), en partenariat avec le CBMN (biologie cellulaire et biocapteurs), tous deux au sein de l'Université de Bordeaux. Les projets faisaient également appel au service d'endocrinologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bordeaux, Montpellier, Grenoble et Genève.Les projets en question incluent:- ISLET-CHIP (ANR 2013-PRTS-0017), qui explore une méthode pour évaluer la qualité d'un greffon pancréatique destiné à des patients diabétiques de type I.- BIODIA (EU FEDER), qui caractérise la réponse électrique d'îlots à des stimuli de glucose, hormones et médicaments pour des applications de criblage, différentiation cellulaire, et en boucle-fermée.- DIAGLYC (Bourse régionale 2017 1R30 226), qui étudie l'utilisation du biocapteur hybride comme un capteur pour le pancréas artificiel.La thèse aborde le biocapteur dans ses aspects à la fois électronique et biologique, son intégration dans des expériences appliquées, et ses résultats expérimentaux. Elle s'intéresse également à la modélisation d'une boucle de régulation chez le patient diabétique de type I.D'abord, le système d'analyse électronique est décrit. Issue de l'équipe Elibio, elle réalise acquisition multicanaux et traitement du signal numérique. Elle est construite autour d'un FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) qui rend son architecture de calcul polyvalente et évolutive. Elle est capable de mesurer, afficher, et enregistrer des données multicanaux. Le calcul embarqué est optimisé pour de faibles latences de calcul, compatibles avec des applications en boucle fermée. La thèse décrit ses algorithmes de traitement et son architecture.Des résultats expérimentaux utilisant le système et ses algorithmes sont ensuite montrés pour illustrer la réponse des îlots à des stimuli de glucose, médicaments et hormones. L'activité des îlots est quantifiée en analysant leurs APs (Action Potentials, Potentiels d'Action), et plus notoirement leurs SPs (Slow Potentials, Potentiels Lents), une nouvelle signature électrique exclusivement mesurée sur les îlots pancréatiques. Ces mesures, en régimes statique et dynamique, contribuent non seulement à caractériser la réponse du biocapteur, mais aussi à mettre en évidence les algorithmes internes des îlots de Langerhans.Enfin, des approches pour l'intégration du biocapteur dans un pancréas artificiel sont étudiées. Les réponses au glucose et aux hormones sont modélisées et simulées dans un modèle des interactions glucose-insuline dans le corps entier. Ce concept est novateur dans le sens où le capteur en charge de mesurer le besoin d'insuline n'est pas seulement sensible au glucose, mais aussi aux hormones présentes dans le sangExtracellular recording of electrical activity is a widespread technique in neurosciences, but only recently has it been applied to pancreatic islets and beta cells. The ease of use of Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) has opened new perspectives for the electrophysiology of pancreatic cells, including screening methods for clinics and biosensor approaches for the artificial pancreas. This thesis is a contribution to the design and characterization of a hybrid biosensor composed of pancreatic cells cultured on an MEA and dedicated processing electronics. This device is the product of multi-disciplinary projects conducted at IMS (Bioelectronics group), partnered with CBMN (Cell biology and Biosensors team), both at the University of Bordeaux. Projects also involved the endocrinology service of university hospitals in Bordeaux, Montpellier, Grenoble, and Geneva.The covered projects include:- ISLET-CHIP (French ANR 2013-PRTS-0017), investigating a method of evaluating the quality of a preparation prior to its transplantation in type-I diabetic patients.- BIODIA (EU FEDER), characterizing islet electrical response to glucose, hormone, and drug stimuli for screening, cell differentiation, and closed-loop approaches.- DIAGLYC (French regional grant 2017 1R30 226), investigating the use of the hybrid biosensor as an artificial pancreas front-end sensor.The thesis tackles the biosensor in both its electronic and biological aspects, its integration in applicative experimental setups, and experimental results. It also addresses the modeling of a closed regulation loop for type-I diabetic patients.First, the electronic processing platform is described. It is a custom board performing multichannel acquisition and digital signal processing. It is built around an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that makes its processing architecture versatile and evolutive. It is capable of measuring, displaying and storing multichannel data. Computation was optimized for low-processing latencies compatible with closed-loop configurations. Both its processing algorithms and architecture are detailed.Then, experimental results using this system and its algorithms are shown to illustrate islet response to glucose, drug, and hormone stimuli. Islet activity is quantified by analyzing Action Potentials (APs), and more importantly Slow Potentials (SPs), a novel electrical signature exclusively measured on pancreatic islets. These measurements in both steady state and dynamic regime help characterize the biosensor response, but also shed light on the endogenous algorithms of islets of Langerhans.Finally, approaches for integrating the biosensor in an artificial pancreas are investigated. The measured glucose and hormone responses are modeled and simulated in a full-body glucose-insulin system. This concept is novel in that the sensor in charge of measuring insulin demand in the body is not only sensitive to glucose, but also to blood hormones
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Feng, Junjie. "6.78MHz Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System for Portable Devices Application." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101839.
Full textAbstract:
Wireless power transfer (WPT) with loosely coupled coils is a promising solution to deliver power to a battery in a variety of applications. Due to its convenience, wireless power transfer technology has become popular in consumer electronics. Thus far, the majority of the coupled coils in these systems are planar structure, and the magnetic field induced by the transmitter coil is in one direction, meaning that the energy power transfer capability degrades greatly when there is some angle misalignment between the coupled coils.
To improve the charging flexibility, a three–dimensional (3D) coils structure is proposed to transfer energy in different directions. With appropriate modulation current flowing through each transmitter coil, the magnetic field rotates in different directions and covers all the directions in 3D space. With omnidirectional magnetic field, the charging platform can provide energy transfer in any direction; therefore, the angle alignment between the transmitter coil and receiver coil is no longer needed.
Compensation networks are normally used to improve the power transfer capability of a WPT system with loosely coupled coils. The resonant circuits, formed by the loosely coupled coils and external compensation inductors or capacitors, are crucial in the converter design. In WPT system, the coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is subject to the receiver's positioning. The variable coupling condition is a big challenge to the resonant topology selection. The detailed requirements of the resonant converter in an omnidirectional WPT system are identified as follows: 1). coupling independent resonant frequency; 2). load independent output voltage; 3). load independent transmitter coil current; 4). maximum efficiency power transfer; 5). soft switching of active devices. A LCCL-LC resonant converter is derived to satisfy all of the five requirements.
In consumer electronics applications, Megahertz (MHz) WPT systems are used to improve the charging spatial freedom. 6.78 MHz is selected as the system operation in AirFuel standard, a wireless charging standard for commercial electronics. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation of the switching devices is essential in reducing the switching loss and the switching related electromagnetic interference (EMI) issue in a MHz system; therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of ZVS condition in an omnidirectional WPT system is performed. And a design methodology of the LCCL-LC converter to achieve ZVS operation is proposed.
The big hurdle of the WPT technology is the safety issue related to human exposure of electromagnetic fields (EMF). A double layer shield structure, including a magnetic layer and a conductive layer, is proposed in a three dimensional charging setup to reduce the stray magnetic field level. A parametric analysis of the double shield structure is conducted to improve the attenuation capability of the shielding structure.
In an omnidirectional WPT system, the energy can be transferred in any direction; however the receiving devices has its preferred field direction based on its positioning and orientation. To focus power transfer towards targeted loads, a smart detection algorithm for identifying the positioning and orientation of receiver devices based on the input power information is presented. The system efficiency is further improved by a maximum efficiency point tracking function. A novel power flow control with a load combination strategy to charge multiple loads simultaneously is explained. The charging speed of the omnidirectional WPT system is greatly improved with proposed power flow control.Doctor of Philosophy
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising solution to deliver power to a battery in a variety of applications. Due to its convenience, wireless power transfer technology with loosely coupled coils has become popular in consumer electronics. In such system, the receiving coil embedded in the receiving device picks up magnetic field induced by the transmitter coil; therefore, energy is transferred through the magnetic field and contactless charging is achieved. Thus far, the majority of the coupled coils in these systems are planar structure, and the magnetic field induced by the transmitter coil is in one direction, meaning that the energy power transfer capability degrades greatly when there is some angle misalignment between the coupled coils. To improve the charging flexibility, a three–dimensional (3D) coils structure is proposed to transfer energy in different directions, also known as in omnidirectional manner. With omnidirectional magnetic field, the charging platform can provide energy transfer in any direction; therefore, the angle alignment between the transmitter coil and receiver coil is no longer needed. In a WPT system with loosely coupled coils, the energy transfer capability suffers from weak coupling condition. To improve the power transfer capability, the electrical resonance concept between the inductor and capacitor at the power transfer frequency is adopted. A novel compensation network is proposed to form a resonant tank with the loosely coupled coils and maximize the power transfer at the operating frequency. As for the WPT system with loosely coupled coils, the energy transfer capability is also proportional to the operating frequency. Therefore, Megahertz (MHz) WPT systems are used to improve the charging spatial freedom. 6.78 MHz is selected as the system operation in AirFuel standard, a wireless charging standard for commercial electronics. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation of the switching devices is essential in reducing the switching loss and the switching related electromagnetic interference (EMI) issue in a MHz system; therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of ZVS condition in an omnidirectional WPT system is performed. The big hurdle of the WPT technology is the safety concern related to human exposure of electromagnetic fields (EMF). Therefore, a double layer shield structure is first applied in a three dimensional charging setup to confine the electromagnetic fields effectively. The stray field level in our charging platform is well below the safety level required by the regulation agent. Although the energy can be transferred in an omnidirectional manner in the proposed charging platform, the energy should be directed to the target loads to avoid unnecessary energy waste. Therefore, a smart detection method is proposed to detect the receiver coil's orientation and focus the energy transfer to certain direction preferred by the receiver in the setup. The energy beaming strategy greatly improves the charging speed of the charging setup.
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Wang, Zhuoyang. "Application of Complex Network Theory in Power System Security Assessment." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17367.
Full textAbstract:
The power demand increases every year around the world with the growth of population and the expansion of cities. Meanwhile, the structure of a power system becomes increasing complex. Moreover, increasing renewable energy sources (RES) has linked to the power network at different voltage levels. These new features are expected to have a negative impact on the security of the power system. In recent years, complex network (CN) theory has been studied intensively in solving practical problems of large-scale complex systems. A new direction for power system security assessment has been provided with the developments in the CN field. In this thesis, we carry out investigations on models and approaches that aim to make the security assessment from an overview system level with CN theory. Initially, we study the impact of the renewable energy (RE) penetration level on the vulnerability in the future grid (FG). Data shows that the capacity of RE has been increasing over by 10% annually all over the world. To demonstrate the impact of unpredictable fluctuating characteristics of RES on the power system stability, a CN model given renewable energy integration for the vulnerability analysis is introduced. The numerical simulations are investigated based on the simplified 14-generator model of the South Eastern Australia power system. Based on the simulation results, the impact of different penetrations of RES and demand side management on the Australian FG is discussed. Secondly, the distributed optimization performance of the communication network topology in the photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage (ES) combined system is studied with CN theory. A Distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (D-ADMM) is proposed to accelerate the convergence speed in a large dimensional communication system. It is shown that the dynamic performance of this approach is highly-sensitive to the communication network topology. We study the variation of convergence speed under different communication network topology. Based on this research, guidance on how to design a relatively more optimal communication network is given as well. Then, we focus on a new model of vulnerability analysis. The existing CN models usually neglect the detailed electrical characteristics of a power grid. In order to address the issue, an innovative model which considers power flow (PF), one of the most important characteristics in a power system, is proposed for the analysis of power grid vulnerability. Moreover, based on the CN theory and the Max-Flow theorem, a new vulnerability index is presented to identify the vulnerable lines in a power system. The comparative simulations between the power flow model and existing models are investigated on the IEEE 118-bus system. Based on the PF model, we improve a power system cascading risk assessment model. In this research the risk is defined by the consequence and probabilities of the failures in the system, which is affected by both power factors and the network structure. Furthermore, a cascading event simulation module is designed to identify the cascading chain in the system during a failure. This innovation can form a better module for the cascading risk assessment of a power system. Finally, we argue that the current cyber-physical network model have their limitations and drawbacks. The existing “point-wise” failure model is not appropriate to present the interdependency of power grid and communication network. The interactions between those two interdependent networks are much more complicated than they were described in some the prior literatures. Therefore, we propose a new interdependency model which is based on earlier research in this thesis. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new model in explaining the cascading mechanism in this kind of networks.
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Mochiyama, Shiu. "Power-packet Based Control and Its Application in Distributed System." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244551.
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Zheng, Rongpeng. "An FPGA Based MPPT and Monitoring System : suitable for a photovoltaic based microgrid." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85558.
Full textAbstract:
Microgrids containing photovoltaic (PV) cells and wind power gain more and more interest. These microgrids may work in stand-alone mode ("islanding") or be conncted to the main grid. In both modes of operation, power quality must be monitored and controlled. This report focuses on microgrids and aims to implement a monitoring system based on FPGA. In the monitoring system, two applications can be achieved, firstly a PAS-MPPT algorithm in a DC-DC boost converter to improve the maximun power point tracking of a PV unit, and secondly a detection and switching system of the grid mode - stand-alone or connected to the main grid. Simulation results prove the Verilog programs in FPGA are suitable to be used in microgrids.
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Kar, Aditya Shankar. "Tuning of Multi-Band Power System Stabilizers in Multi-Machine Power Systems." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4777.
Full textAbstract:
Intermittent nature of renewables acts as a frequent trigger for small signal oscillations in power grid. These oscillatory modes correspond to either the rotor modes associated with the synchronous machines of conventional generators or control interactions due to the power electronic interfaces in renewable sources. Frequent tuning of power system stabilizers (PSS) of synchronous machines becomes inevitable to maintain small signal stability of the grid over a wide range of operating and system conditions. Multi-band power system stabilizers (MB-PSS or IEEE-PSS4B) play a very important role in such scenarios as they provide separate compensators for different frequency bands covering a wide frequency range. However, tuning the compensators of MB-PSS becomes very challenging due its complex structure.
The MB-PSS uses three separate compensator blocks for low frequencies (0.01Hz to 0.1 Hz), intermediate frequencies (0.1Hz to 0.8 Hz) and high frequencies (0.8Hz to 4 Hz). Electrical power and speed are used as inputs to the MB-PSS. In this thesis each band of an MB-PSS is viewed as a conventional speed input PSS. A systematic approach for tuning MB-PSS is proposed in this thesis based on conventional tuning approach using phase compensation of GEP(s) transfer function. The gain of each band is selected to compensate the GEP(s) in the respective frequency band so that pure damping torque is achieved. A new gain, common for all bands, is introduced for achieving desired damping of the rotor modes. The effectiveness of the tuning PSS under weak and strong system conditions is evaluated using a single machine infinite bus test system (SMIB). It is found that phase compensation under strong system and gain selection to produce 10% to 15% damping under weak system conditions is found to provide better damping performance over a wide range of operating and system conditions. The tuning methodology is extended to multi machine power systems by representing each machine as an equivalent single machine infinite bus. Widely used test systems 4 Generator 9 bus system, 5 generator 10 bus system and 10 generator 39 bus systems are used to evaluate the proposed tuning approach.
This thesis also focuses on the development of a generalized FPGA platform for implementing different IEEE PSS types defined in IEEE STD 421.5. A low-cost open source credit card sized supercomputer called Parallella has been used in the development of PSS. It contains a dual-core ARM-A9 + FPGA Zynq SoC and a 16-core Epiphany co-processor. PSS types which use speed and electric power as input are considered for realization in FPGA as they cover majority of the PSS types. Implementation of PSS is broken down to smaller independent structural blocks which are common across different PSS types. Development of the structural blocks and a process controller, which assembles a desired PSS type functionality, is described. A separate module is built to interface the PSS-FPGA controller and any external micro-controller of an excitation system. All the developments are optimized to ensure minimum resource utilization. The developed framework in FPGA is utilized to implement a speed PSS for a laboratory synchronous machine with a buck converter excitation system.This work is carried out under the project ”Smart Energy Systems Infrastructure - Hybrid Test Bed”, supported by Fund for Improvement of Science and Technology (FIST) program, DST, India, No.SR/FST/ETII- 063/2015 (C) and (G), Project
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Tsao, Chun-Ming, and 曹俊銘. "An FPGA Based Uninterruptible Power Supply System." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00743975209337731996.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
94
This thesis proposes an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with digital and analog controller to realize this system. The DC/AC inverter uses a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as a controller to achieve the digital pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control. Then, the verilog hardware description language (VHDL) is used to write the control procedures and ISE6.3 is served as the software development platform to perform syntax testing. Furthermore, the power factor correction (PFC) circuit, the charge circuit, and the spare power circuit are controlled by analog circuits. In addition, the FPGA is used to control the battery charge and spare power circuits. Under the normal utility-line power supply condition, the boost PFC circuit provides DC bus voltage the load and also maintain battery at the highest capacity. While the utility-line power is abnormally interrupted, the batteries supply the energy for the inverter to maintain a stable AC voltage supply for the load system. Finally, a 600W UPS system is implemented to verify the functionalities of the proposed designs.
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You, Chen-po, and 游春波. "Application of FPGA for Telemetry System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23128915866155701157.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
電信工程學系碩士在職專班
97
A remote telemetry system consists of a computer and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. This study is to design a FPGA-based architecture of the telemetry communications platform. Far end telemetry remote sensors detect signals and sent them to the computer system via data transmission media. Then, the signals are converted to PCM parallel format by means of multiplex signal processing. Finally, the FPGA platform converts the parallel PCM signals to a bit stream through frame synchronization. In order to reduce the transmission bandwidth and to concentrate power in the baseband signal to improve the transmission efficiency, the bit stream pass through a low-pass filter to form a rounded square wave. Such sine wave-like bit stream modulates the intermediate frequency (IF) and increase frequency to radio frequency (RF), and transmit to near end. In the near end, the re-distorted signal of bit stream caused by the transmission media, have to rebuild the signal to form a normal square wave. The reconstruction work is to be served by the bit synchronizer and the FPGA platform’s frame synchronizer recovers the individual measurement parameters which are measured by remote end. Then, distributors pass the measuring data to the computer for data processing and display applications. Therefore, the system is a combination of front-end of data acquisition hardware and back-end of data processing and display software of the communication platform. Although today's computers have enormous computing ability, but based on the benefit of which to reduce the time of computing process as well as the delay time due to multiplex process of computer tasking. Utilizing the advantages of FPGA’s attributes of concurrent, real-time processing capability of hardware, single task, the majority of processing units were transplanted to the FPGA platform. The FPGA efficiently performs data synchronizations and decoding operations. In addition to, using PCI interface DMA (Direct Memory Access) transfer mode can be done for high-speed IO channels between computer and FPGA.
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Liao, Che-Wei, and 廖哲葦. "The Application of FPGA in Braille Display System Design." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18675501837987239069.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
機械與機電工程學系博士班
103
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) was used in this study to simplify the circuit design of the Braille display. With the use of the hardware description language, the Braille display control system composed of a microcontroller, logic gates, and other circuits was designed and integrated into the FPGA chip. This single chip can then be used to replace the entire circuit board to control the Braille display. FPGA provides a convenient mechanism to allow implement hardware, making the overall circuit design more flexible. During the early phase of the study, a FPGA development kit, combined with an eight slots main circuit board and eight Braille cells, served as a platform for developing the Braille display control system. After completing the design of the 8051 microprocessor core, logic modules, and other circuits, the control system successfully achieved was then loaded onto a development module. By integrating the development module, the main circuit board, and the Braille cells, the prototype of a FPGA based Braille display was accomplished. The information signals at the computer side were sent through the USB interface to the 8051 microprocessor core inside the Braille display FPGA chip, which were then converted into Braille messages. Then, parallel outputs was carried out through the logic control module made up of 3 to 8 decoder and data latch modulus to send signals to the specified Braille cells. The functional test results show that the overall system design of the FPGA based Braille display is appropriate. The design goals of hardware simplification, user-friendly operation, and maintenance convenience are all achieved.
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TAI, JEN-HAO, and 戴仁豪. "Design and Implementation of a FPGA-Based Uninterruptible Power Supply System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71941916426258603315.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
93
The design and implementation of a FPGA-based uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system is proposed in this thesis. The controller for the UPS system adopts analog and digital means. The analog IC is used to control power factor correction and the FPGA digital controller is employed to control the bi-directional buck-boost converter and DC/AC inverter. Under the normal AC line operation mode, the power factor correction circuit forces the input current to follow the input voltage to achieve high power factor. The output of power factor correction circuit is then fed to the load through a DC/AC inverter and the battery is charged simultaneously via bi-directional buck-boost converter. During the utility power failure condition, the battery of voltage is boosted through bi-directional DC/DC converter and then transferred to the load by DC/AC inverter. Finally, Spartan-II-XC2S200 FPGA is employed to realize a 600VA UPS and the experimental results are performed to verify the theoretical discussion.
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Chen, Young-Siang, and 陳勇翔. "Integrating FPGA Technology with Power-Line Communication for Electricity Monitoring System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2ce7y8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
電機工程系碩士班
105
Smart home is the use of communication technology and automation control system to connect various subsystems to form a home area network (HAN). Not only integration appliances can be achieved the integration within the family, home server can also carry out the message exchange with external network to meet the demands of the power management and remote monitoring. It is found that digitalization and smart functions are the future trend of household appliances design. Thus household appliances will be integrated together to form a home area network via combining electronics, communications and other technologies. The purpose of this study is to use the existing home power line network as a ready-made transmission medium to set up a home area network without the need for additional wiring. The goal of this study is to improve the traditional shortcoming of the electric meter, and to design a smart outlet for household by taking the intelligent home network as the blueprint. The study will develop a smart outlet with measurement and communication capabilities. By using Microsoft Visual C #, a home server interface will be developed. The electricity information of the appliance will be calculated by a field programmable logic array (FPGA) system inside the smart outlet and then sent to the home server via power line communication. In this study, electricity information can be delivered in real-time via the home area network constructed by the power line communication. The client will be able to achieve the purpose of home power monitoring by a remote computer through the power line network.
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Shankarrao, Jadhav Pankaj. "FPGA Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for PV System." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4976/1/211EC3318.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic power generation has two major problems: the conversion efficiency of existing PV modules is less and amount of power generated by PV system changes with weather conditions. Also, the PV cell I-V characteristics are non-linear due to complex relationship of voltage and current and varies with change in temperature or insolation. There is only one point on P-V or I-V curve called Maximum Power Point at which PV system operates at maximum efficiency and produces maximum output power. Failure to track MPP causes significant power loss. So, Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT are required to operate PV system at MPP. The P&O algorithm and INC algorithm are commonly used methods to track MPP by adjusting duty cycle of DC-DC converter. The existing methods use microcontroller or DSP controller to implement MPPT algorithm.FPGA provides number of advantages over sequential machine microcontroller as FPGA does concurrent operation i.e. instructions executed continuously and simultaneously. DSP does DSP related calculation only so, with FPGA numbers number of components required are less. Also, FPGA is faster than DSP. Thus, the size of components required for power converter decreases. The MPPT algorithm is implemented on FPGA and programmed through LabVIEW. The programmed FPGA track MPP continuously.
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Kolluru, Venkata Ratnam. "Design and Development of FPGA based Controllers for Photovoltaic Power System." Thesis, 2016. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8033/1/2016_PhD_Venkata_Ratna_Kolluru_510EC109.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In the recent years owing to increased energy consumption and consequent rise in crude oil price and global climatic change have motivated researchers to focus towards harnessing power from renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, biomass and wind energy systems. Among the different renewable resources, PV technology is one of the fastest growing technologies, because of abundance availability of solar irradiance and it has no adverse environmental impacts. But, the cost of PV energy is higher than the other conventional sources owing to its low PV conversion efficiency. Therefore, research opportunities lie in applying power electronics and control techniques for harvesting PV power at higher efficiencies for appropriate utilization. For simulation, analysis and control design of a PV power system, an accurate model of the PV cell is essential because PV cell is the basic bulding block of a PV power system. To maximise the power generation of a PV system it is necessary that the PV array should be operated at the maximum power point. A maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is required in the PV system to enable it to operate at the MPP. The output current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics of a PV vell are non-linear and hence its power fluctuates in accordance with the variation in solar irradiance and temperature. During the last decade, a lot of research has been directed to develop efficient MPPT schemes. But, research opportunities are still promising for designing new MPPT algorithms and to address their digital implementation issues. Further, there lies challenge to design MPPTs that can handle partial shading conditions. The thesis first proposes development of new MPPT algorithms and different pulse width modulated-voltage source inverter control strategies for a PV system. Firstly an integral sliding mode MPPT controller (ISMC) has been proposed for achieving an effective MPPT scheme, and then a modified P&O MPPT controller is developed which is implemented using a real-time digital simulator called Opal-RT. The performance of the modified ISMC is compared with that of the conventional proportional integral (PI) MPPT controller using both MATLAB simulation and real-time experimentation. The performance of the modified P&O MPPT controller with fixed step size is compared with that of the conventional incremental conductance (Inc Cond) and P&O MPPT controllers, and these are validated by using Opal-RT and subsequently through FPGA implementation. A modified incremental conductance MPPT controller with variable step size is then proposed for handling partial shading conditions. The tracking performance of the proposed modified Inc Cond MPPT controller is also compared with that of the conventional Inc Cond MPPT controller, from the obtained results by using Opal-RT. Further, an experimental prototype PV set-up is developed in the laboratory to implement the proposed MPPT algorithms on the physical hardware. After having developed efficient parameter extraction algorithms for a PV panel, the thesis subsequently proposes five new MPPT algorithms such as Integral sliding mode MPPT, modified P&O MPPT, modified Inc Cond MPPT, Model predictive MPPT, and modified Inc Cond variable step size MPPT controllers. All these developed MPPT algorithms have been implemented on a Solar array simulator (SAS) PV system, in MATLAB/SIMULINK, OPAL-RT and on a prototype hardware PV set-up. From the obtained results, it is found that these MPPTs adjust the power of a PV system effectively to its maximum power value smoothly with fast response and accuracy whilst reducing the fluctuations in its power. Tracking performance of all these proposed MPPT algorithms are found to be superior to some of the existing MPPTs such as perturb and observe (P&O), incremental conductance (INC), HCC and adaptive HCC. Further more, a PV system is observed to be stable with all these proposed MPPTs. From the results obtained it is also confirmed that the proposed modified P&O MPPT exhibits better MPP tracking performance in terms of quick settling time and least steady state error. Further, less voltage fluctuation and less maximum overshoot are observed in the case of the proposed modified Inc Cond MPPT among all the proposed MPPT algorithms. The proposed controllers are also well suited to all weather conditions. A grid connected PV system involves a power conversion from DC power into AC power. Due to high switching frequencies of this conversion by inverter, there is a power loss. An efficient control scheme needs to be developed for integrating the PV system to the grid. The thesis then proposes a Model Predictive Control (MPC) for integrating a PV system to the grid. The performance of the MPC is compared with conventional hysteresis current controller (HCC) and also with that of an adaptive HCC (AHCC) through a real-time simulatin using the Opal-RT then through FPGA implementations. FPGA implementation of the controllers such as HCC, AHCC and MPC were also performed by using LABVIEW configured with NI-cRIO-9014 platform. For elimination of current harmonic and reactive power of the grid connected PV system, there is a need of designing a filter. The PV system based shunt active power filter (SAPF) with modified incremental conductance MPPT controller with variable step size is then designed. From the MATLAB simulation and real-time digital simulation studies it is envisaged that the proposed PV based SAPF exhibits good harmonics compensation.
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Hsieh, Chung-Cheng, and 謝忠政. "A Dedicated AES System Application in Audio Signals Using FPGA." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92957502156871157759.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
應用電子科技學系
98
For the communication system development rapidly nowadays, people communicate each other by immediate communication devices such as telephone, mobile and computer system which is the streaming system or the Skype software etc. These devices and software systems may accomplish the goal of immediate communication without time lag. It means that they provide convenience not only daily life but also business activities, military communication and government business. The first important mission is secure communication if they are involved in the secure decision levels in the business, military and government systems. The main goal of this report achieves a model of a secure immediate voice communication. The approach of achievement is by the design of analog to digital (A/D) converters in the hardware interface of peripherals. It converts analog voice signals of outside to digital voice signals. It is the basic information of encryption by the transformation from signals to digital data. Moreover, we may design a digital to analog (D/A) converters of hardware in the backend of peripherals and people can hear the variation of voices which are in the process of encryption and decryption by the end output of speakers. It uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm which is base on the architecture of 128 bits to archive the immediate voice encryption and decryption system. The system includes the direct connection of link ShiftRow, the Block RAM which is built in chipset and put all integrated information data, the execution of the SubByte, the MixColumn and the storage of the Key Expansion to reduce the space of circuit.
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Lee, Jai-Ming, and 李佳明. "Application of the PAＣcontroller of FPGA to disign a power quality monitoring equipment." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zc49jk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
99
The present paper uses FPGA and the PAC design way, develops a set of electric power quality monitor equipment, this equipment is suitable for the survey non-linear load equipment overtone pollution. The test equipment is AHU (Air Handling Unit) the frequency conversion transmission equipment. PAC power quality analysis system for the test data to verify. Finally carries on this experimental result and the Multi power monitor (PM710) gauging result the comparison. This paper uses two kind of harmonic suppression equipment (include AC reactor, active renewable power supply) to carry on the electric power overtone improvement test. Power quality monitoring equipment to measure the AHU drive, and then with harmonic suppressors, the comparison for power quality improvement, and analysis of the performance of harmonic suppressors. Then assessed the use of active renewable power equipment, and four-quadrant operation of AC motor characteristics of renewable power, renewable power to the test equipment as active harmonic suppression equipment, but also for renewable energy feedback braking power is feasible to implement.
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Chiang, Chang-Jen, and 蔣昌仁. "FPGA Realization of S-Transform and Its Application to Electric Power Quality Analysis." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91420693139764235344.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
94
With the increased utilization of nonlinear loads at demand side, the quality of supplying power is getting worse nowadays. Therefore, in this thesis, the main purpose lies in the field programmable gate array realization of S-transform and its application to power quality analysis. It is expected that through the time-frequency localization capability of S-transform, the time-frequency distribution of electric power disturbances can be better grasped. In the study, the virtual instrument system was also employed to visualize the disturbance variation. Meanwhile, the VLSI structure was implemented for the S-transform computation using field programmable gate array, where several modules were designed to facilitate the disturbance identification. In order to confirm the feasibility of such an approach, several disturbances including voltage interruption, voltage sag and voltage swell were all simulated and tested. Test results help support the time-frequency localization capability exhibited by the proposed approach. These outcomes can be also served as useful references for electric power engineers in the power quality improvement study.
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wang, Ren-Hung, and 王仁宏. "Application of Approximate Entropy for Detection of Electric Power Signals with FPGA Realization." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38318004347674888423.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
95
Following the fast development of high-tech industry, electric power quality has emerged as a very important concern. Yet, because of the increasing utilization of non-linear loads, the level of power quality is significantly affected. It is, therefore, crucial to devote to electric power quality studies nowadays. This paper was hence aimed at the embedment of the approximate entropy method in the signal detection algorithm. Moreover, the hardware realization of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) of this paper was also completed in anticipation of further improving the detection capability of power system disturbances. This method was motivated due to the signal-regularity justification capability exhibited by the approximate entropy such that when the algorithm was realized by the FPGA, the overall detection performance can be highly improved. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, the proposed method was tested through several scenarios of disturbances. Test results help confirm the feasibility and practical value of the method applied.
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Chen, Zhi-Cheng, and 陳致誠. "Application of Governor-Turbine Power System Stabilizers to Improve Power System Stability." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77702922500591939799.
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碩士明志科技大學
電機工程研究所
99
The topic that governor-turbine power system stabilizers (GPSSs) or power system stabilizers (PSSs) are added to the power system to improve the dynamic stability of power system is investigated in this thesis. The stability of a power system will be influenced by the location, number, and the parameters adjustment method of PSSs or GPSSs. The interconnection system of New England and New York of the 16 machine 68 bus is used to test and verify the feasibility of the parameters adjustment method for PSSs or GPSSs. The stability of the test system is observed by with/without GPSSs or PSSs under different system operation conditions. Other, the stability can be further improved on the test system by added the PSSs and GPSSs simultaneously. In this thesis, the frequency domain analysis method is used to design parameters of PSSs and GPSSs and observe the status of system damping, then the time domain simulation is used to prove the results. The simulation results indicate that add GPSSs or GPSSs and PSSs in the power system, which is helpful for improvement system oscillation.
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Huang, Cong-Hui, and 黃琮暉. "Application of Optimal Power Flow for Power System Restoration." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97z4ga.
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博士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
96
With the deregulation of power industry and the market competition, low cost, reliable power supply, and secured system operations are major concerns of the advanced deregulation markets. Power system protection is important for service reliability and quality assurance. To reduce the outage duration and promptly restore power services, fault section estimate has to be done effectively and accurately with fault alarms. First, an operational strategy for secondary power system restoration using Modified Grey Relational Analysis (MGRA) is proposed. The Restoration Scheme (RS) can be divided into three steps involving fault section determination, recovering process, and voltage correction process. Three GRAs are incorporated to design the overall restoration scheme. The first GRA uses network switching status to identify the fault. The second GRA combines switching states and load levels for network recovery. The third GRA uses capacitor bank control to support bus voltages. For security operation of restoration scheme, an Equivalent Current Injection (ECI) based hybrid current-power Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model with Predictor-Corrector Interior Point Algorithm (PCIPA) is used to verify the proposed scheme by off-line analysis to confirm a secure overall network operation including load-power balance, power generation limits, voltage limits, and power flow limits. The proposed method can further decompose into two sub-problems. Computer simulations were conducted with an IEEE 30-bus power system to show the effectiveness of the proposed restoration scheme and the PCIPA technique is very accurate, robust, and efficient for the modified OPF solution.
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Wu, Chun-Chung, and 吳俊宗. "The Application of Combined FPGA and USB Control System for Robot." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21810277893416986958.
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Yang, Kun-Yen, and 楊坤諺. "QPSK Baseband FPGA Prototyping System Design and Implementation for Medical Diagnosis Application." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26744310429522661010.
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碩士長庚大學
電子工程研究所
93
In this thesis, we design and implement a QPSK baseband FPGA prototyping system for Medical Diagnosis Application. The QPSK baseband FPGA prototyping system is composed of a transmitter, a receiver, a DMA controller, and a VGA generator. The transmitter consists of a serial to parallel converter, a differential encoder and a ROM-based I/Q modulator. The receiver includes a decision circuit, a parallel to serial converter, and a differential decoder. The DMA controller is composed of a parallel input serial output, a serial input parallel output and a memory read/write timing controller. After design of PCB interface, including memorial module and digital-to-analog VGA monitor interface, we obtain the FPGA prototyping system.
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Pei-ChanCheng and 鄭培展. "Design and implementation of an FPGA based grid-connected 1.2kW wind power conversion system." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15626485084062127895.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
98
Though renewable energy possesses the potential becoming one of most important power energy resources, its cost is high and efficiency is still low. The thesis intends to design and implement a grid-connected wind power conversion system with energy storage device. With simplified system architecture and improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme, the proposed system has the advantages of lower cost and higher conversion efficiency. The controller used for the system is field programmable gate array (FPGA) program device developed in hardware description language (Verilog HDL). Depending on the characteristics of wind turbine generation, the MPPT control is conducted with the output power regulated by batteries. The structure of traditional bi-directional converter is improved by using only upper and lower power switches to achieve both original charging/discharging control purpose and replace the active power switch of the traditional boost converter. Not only the performance of the system is enhanced, but the cost can be reduced. Besides, a modified Three Point Weight Comparison (TPWC) Method is proposed in the thesis. It uses the variation rate of the power output as a weight-tuning control parameter. The maximum power curve can be tacked closer with higher tracking speed and efficiency than the original TPWC Method. The proposed system structure and control method have been verified on a practical 1.2kW wind-power conversion system. The experimental results show that the enhanced MPPT control and battery charging/discharging functions can be achieved for off-grid and on-grid operations, where real and reactive power output can be controlled according to system requirements.
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Sahu, Gokulananda. "Design and Development of FPGA Based Controllers for DSTATCOM in Grid Connected Power System." Thesis, 2017. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/9375/1/2017_PhD_GSahu_512EC804.pdf.
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In recent times, wide spread use of non-linear loads such as computers, laser printers, lighting ballasts, adjustable speed drives (ASD), arc furnaces, and other domestic and commercial appliances etc. has led to contamination of the power distribution source with excessive harmonic currents. These harmonic current causes power quality (PQ) problems in distribution network. Indeed, this harmonic pollution is not only harmful to the distribution network but also it affects control equipment used in various sectors. It causes the degradation of the voltage at the point of common coupling PCC, the heating of the cables and transformers, the ageing of the material and the possible abnormal operations of sensitive electronic controlled equipment. Load compensation can solve PQ problems like harmonic elimination and reactive power compensation.
Distribution Static Compensator(DSTATCOM) has been proved to be a suitable custom power device, which can eliminate harmonics and compensate reactive power in distribution network, is based on Power converter, suitable control strategy (reference generation) and current control schemes(current controller). The dynamic performance of DSTATCOM mainly rests on how quickly references are estimated. Therefore, fast and accurate reference extraction control strategy and current control schemes are expected to estimate reference current and minimize tracking error to a zero level for effective harmonic elimination and quick reactive power compensation. Several control strategies have been proposed and implemented. However, there is need of quick and robust control strategies for mitigation of power quality problems.
The work presented in this thesis involves development of novel control strategy along with new current control schemes to mitigate PQ problems in power distribution network. Three type of current control schemes such as hysteresis current control (HCC), sliding mode control (SMC) and model predictive control (MPC) with novel reference generation strategy are proposed. First, Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Active PowerProportional Integral-Hysteresis Current Control (ISCAP-PI-HCC) based system is developed and simulated in Simulink and real-time platform. The simulation performance of this system is compared with other reviewed control strategies (p-q, SRF, MSRF, IS and Fryze theory) HCC based system in normal and highly distorted utility condition. It is observed that ISCAP-PI-HCC is more effective in terms of harmonic mitigation, reactive power compensation and DC-link voltage regulation.
Subsequently ISCAP-PI-SMC and ISCAP-Fuzzy-SMC based system are developed to improve the performance metrics over ISCAP-PI-HCC based system which is simple to realize but is slow in terms of DC-link voltage stabilization. Though this problem is resolved by introducing ISCAP-Fuzzy-SMC based system but reference extraction strategy is complex due to use of more number of rules and membership functions in Mamdani FLC.
Further ISCAP-MPC and ISCAP-Fuzzy-MPC based DSTATCOM systems are developed for quick stabilization of DC-link voltage and use less hardware because modulators are not required at switching stage. These approaches use a model of DSTATCOM to predict its future behavior and choose appropriate control action based on optimality criterion. To study the efficacy of ISCAP-PI-MPC based system, a comparative assessment based on performance metrics has been made with ISCAP-Fuzzy-MPC based system in both steady state and transient conditions. It is observed that quick voltage stabilization is achieved by ISCAP-Fuzzy-MPC based system whereas efficient harmonic compensation outperformed by ISCAP-PI-MPC based system.
Finally three control structures ISCAP-PI-HCC(SDC(Ploss)) meant for sample delay compensation(SDC), ISCAP-PI-HCC(PDC(Pmax)) meant for phase delay compensation PDC) and ISCAP-PI-HCC(PPE(Pmax)) meant for PLL based phase extraction (PPE) are implemented on FPGA to make the processing faster and cost effective. FPGA based all-on-chip digital controllers of SDC(Ploss), PDC(Pmax) and PPE(Pmax) structures are proposed which include PI controller, +sequence detector, instantaneous power calculator(SDC(Ploss)), low-pass filters, PLL(PPE(Pmax)) and HCC controller. All these modules are configured on FPGA hardware resources aimed to mitigate harmonics and compensate reactive power in power distribution network. VHDL code for each module has been generated through System Generator and implemented on SPARTAN-3 XC3S5000 FPGA chip through RT-XSG toolbox in Opal-RT platform.
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Hsu, Bo-shuen, and 許博舜. "The Application of Solar Power Technology on UAV Electrical Power System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89032204313300903129.
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碩士輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
101
In this paper, a solar power generation system was developed to provide electric power to a high-performance, long-endurance UAV, which was designed for three-dimensional atmospheric measuring and monitoring missions. The solar power generation system includes solar modules and a electric power converter, to provide stable voltage and electric current to actuators and servomotors on the UAV. Therefore, the UAV can maneuver precisely and follow the commands of GPS navigation system to fly along specific routes for atmosphere probing missions. The result shows that the solar system can offer stable power outputs, which can steer the UAV to fly along specific routes for atmosphere probing missions, and the UAV can perform three-dimensional atmospheric measuring and monitoring missions.
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Chiu, Hsiang-Lin, and 邱湘琳. "Buck-Boost Power converter Based MPPT system for Wind Power Application." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95730940941578917138.
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碩士淡江大學
航空太空工程學系碩士班
103
This thesis investigates the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the small-scale wind power system. The wind power system contains the wind turbine, generator, and buck-boost converter. A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is selected in this research. Two different buck-boost converters, ZETA and SEPIC, are used for this study. The MPPT is achieved through continuously adjusting the duty ratio command of the power switch of the converter, which, in turn, will control the velocity of the wind turbine to reach the maximum power point. A fuzzy-logic-based MPPT algorithm is developed for the wind power system. A MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation model is developed to demonstrate MPPT design. Power variations due to wind speed and load changes are discusses in the thesis. A comparison of using ZETA and SEPIC converters for the MPPT function are also included in the thesis.
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Liu, Ting-Kai, and 劉廷楷. "Application of PID-Neuron Controller to Twin Rotor MIMO System and FPGA Implementation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85037537090466493447.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
通訊與導航工程系
97
This thesis presents an intelligent control scheme that utilizes a single neuron to adjust control gains of a PID controller to an experimental propeller setup called the twin rotor multi-input multi-output system (TRMS). The control objective is to make the TRMS move quickly and accurately to the desired attitudes. The pitch angle and the azimuth angle in the conditions of decoupled and cross-coupled between vertical and horizontal axes are considered. It is difficult to design a suitable controller because of the influence between two axes and nonlinear movement. For easy demonstrating the movement on the vertical plane and horizontal plane separately, the TRMS is decoupled first by the main rotor and tail rotor. Furthermore, we add some disturbances to the system, the controller still works in disturbance conditions. After successful simulations in decoupled condition, the more difficult simulations of cross-coupled condition are performed. Moreover, we also add some disturbances into the cross-coupled condition, the controller is still good enough in the condition with disturbances. The Simulation results show that the new approach can improve attitude tracking performance. For real-time control, the Xilinx Spartan II SP200 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is employed to construct a hardware-in-the-loop system. We built a linear-like PID controller in coupled condition through writing VHDL on this FPGA. Performance of the hardware controller is demonstrated by real-time experiments.
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Huang, Chihung, and 黃智苰. "An Application Of FPGA Board In The Inverted Pendulum System With Time Delay." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01975196603950484877.
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碩士義守大學
電機工程學系
100
The inverted pendulum system is a nonlinear system with unstable and stable equilibrium points. Analysis and control such a system is a challenging task. In this thesis, pole placement method and PD controller design are provided to control an inverted pendulum system without/with induced time delay, respectively. In order to control it efficiently, we also have a trial to combine the inverted pendulum system with an FPGA board being a functional mechanism, after several dynamics analysis and simulations.
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Liu, Shih-Chun, and 劉時均. "FPGA Control of a Single-Phase Distributed Power Generation System for Current and Voltage Regulation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58824858380420626681.
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碩士國立交通大學
電控工程研究所
104
Compared with the L-filter, the LCL-filter is more suitable for high-power, low-switching-frequency applications due to its better attenuation characteristics on high frequencies. However, control systems involving LCL-filters are inevitably more complicated. A cascaded multiple-loop control architecture is developed to not only damp the LCL resonance but also to achieve lower harmonic distortion of the grid-side currents. The method has advantages of easy design, implementation and system robustness. The control system consists of three cascaded control loops, an inner current, an inner voltage and an outer current loop, with the inner loop providing fast dynamic compensation for system disturbance and improving stability and the outer one ensuring precise steady-state performance. A relative low switching frequency (12kHz), which is used due to the current controller is designed for higher power applications, will leads to higher current ripple ratio (30%). However, by applying the conventional single-sampling strategy to feedback the average current under this condition, the performances of sampling accuracy and noise rejection will be poor. Therefore, a multiple-sampling strategy, which can increase the sampling accuracy with good noise rejection capability is developed to detect the average current under the condition of large ripple current. The average value is extracted by detecting the inductor current 16 times in one switching cycle (192kHz) and calculating the sum and average. By using predictive control technique with multiple feedback variables both good dynamic response and low total harmonic distortion can be achieved. The proposed design method can not only be applied to current regulation for grid-inverter with LCL-filter but also be used to the current regulation in grid-connected mode with L-filter and voltage regulation in stand-alone mode with lower current and voltage harmonic distortion. In this thesis, a 3.2% current THD of the LCL grid-inverter can be achieved with the total inductance reduced by 5 times smaller then the L-filter one. The FPGA controller has been realized by using a mixed-signal FPGA PSOC controller, the SmartFusion (A2F500), from Microsemi. The proposed method is validated by experiment with a prototype 3kW single-phase full-bridge inverter.