Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Foxes'
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1
Delatte, Isabella Imber. "Roses and Foxes." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors155472117699106.
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劉柏康 and Pak-hong Lau. "Tales of vixen transformation in traditional Chinese "supernatural stories"." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121549X.
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Arnold, Janosch. "Olfactory communication in red foxes {Vulpes vulpes)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520262.
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Smith, G. C. "Urban foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and rabies control." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234565.
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O'Mahony, D. O. M. "The abundance and ecology of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in rural landscapes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273134.
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O'Connor, Daniel. "Burning the foxes : the dialectics of Ted Hughes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8393/.
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This thesis examines the dialectics at the heart of Ted Hughes’s work. There is no single dialectic that forms a master-narrative, but they are all nonetheless structured around Hughes’s idea of man as divorced from his ‘true nature’. This divorce establishes oppositional ideas such as intellect against instinct, man against nature, man against woman and language against truth. I argue that Hughes critiques these oppositional tendencies throughout his career, either by taking sides or trying to find a synthesis between ostensibly oppositional stances. One of these dialectics, intellect against instinct, poses a direct challenge to the act of literary criticism in the form of the foundational myth of Hughes’s poetic career. This is his dream of the ‘burnt fox’, where the fox leaves a bloody paw print on his undergraduate essay as a warning to the damaging effect that such ‘rational’ thinking has on the creative spirit. Part of my purpose in this thesis is to show that, on the contrary, the mode of thinking that Hughes dismisses (including what he calls the ‘tyrant’s whisper’ – Continental Theory) is not only conducive to reading his work, but parallels the kind of thinking that takes place in his poems. As such, the work of Jacques Lacan plays an important role in this thesis in regards to the structuring Hughes’s delineation of the split subject in relation to language and the other. This thesis is not a Lacanian reading of Hughes per se, but finds congruities in their work as a means of addressing Hughes’s poems. Accordingly, Followers of Lacan such as Slavoj Žižek, Eric Santner and Teresa Brennan prove similarly useful in this regard, as each offers ways of thinking that are correlative to Hughes. The chapters of this thesis follow the progression of Hughes’s career. Chapter One investigates his early interest in how man’s relationship with nature can be represented in language through animal symbolism. Chapter Two examines Crow (1970/1) at length, arguing that the collection is the crux of Hughes’s work in that it contemplates almost all of the dialectics that emerge from his understanding of man as divorced from his ‘true nature’. The third chapter follows his poetry of mourning and melancholia during the early to mid 1970s, as Hughes goes from abandoning English altogether in his experiments with Orghast (1971) to creating a vision of the Goddess in the mystical sequences of Gaudete (1977) and Cave Birds (1978). This is followed in Chapter Four by a discussion of how Hughes resolves some of his dialectical thinking by returning to animal and landscape poetry in Remains of Elmet (1978), Moortown (1979) and River (1983). Chapter Five takes advantage of his appointment as Poet Laureate in 1984 and publication of his parable of Englishness, Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being (1992), to take a slight diversion and address his dialectic of nationhood. Finally, Chapter Six examines how Hughes’s final collection, Birthday Letters, relates back to his poetry of mourning and melancholia (looking at Crow in particular) and ultimately to the central concern of this thesis: Hughes’s dialectical idea of the ‘true self’.
7
Lkhagvasuren, Myagmarjav. "Effects of landscape change on corsac foxes in Mongolia." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/440.
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Landscape change affects the distribution of wildlife and represents a conservation concern, especially in Asia, which is experiencing rapid development. In Mongolia, mining, livestock grazing, infrastructure development and climate change represent major drivers of change that will impact habitats and few tools exist to predict how wildlife will respond. I examined the impacts of landscape change on the corsac fox (Vulpes corsac) in a steppe region of Mongolia. The corsac fox occurs widely throughout northern Asia, but has experienced declines in many regions and remains one the least studied canids. I addressed two questions: 1) how do common features of a landscape, such as habitats, topography, herder camps, and roads, shape the distribution of the species? and 2) how will changes in those features affect distribution in the future? I collected locations of foxes from radio-collared animals, scat surveys, and opportunistic sightings in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, then used maximum likelihood methods and model selection techniques to develop a model that predicts occupancy probability. I then applied the model to simulations of landscape change. I collected 1,965 locations and examined 19 candidate models. The model with the most support indicated that occupancy is best described by the additive combination of shrublands, open plains, tall grasslands, and rocky habitat. Models with other covariates (camps, roads, and ruggedness) had little support. A Receiver-Operator-Characteristic plot of model performance had an Area Under the Curve of 77%, indicating that the model predicted occupancy better than expected by chance. Average occupancy across the reserve was 22% under current conditions. Incremental reductions in shrubland, open plains, and tall vegetation resulted in occupancy declines with average occupancy being 7%, 13%, and 14%, respectively, when these habitats were completely absent. The loss of all three habitats due to the desertification of the landscape through climate change resulted in an average occupancy of 7%. The results provide the first model of corsac fox occupancy, which can be used to quantitatively examine distribution and impacts of change in other parts of the species' range. In Ikh Nart, results suggest that climate change poses the greatest threat to the species as it is expected to reduce high quality habitats and confine corsac foxes to areas with high competition from red foxes.
8
Cooper, Susan E. "Surveying and habitat modeling for gray foxes in Illinois /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594480601&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Reese, Angela. "Addressing food conditioning of Cascade red foxes in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2007. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Reese_A%20MESThesis%202007.pdf.
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Looney, D. J. P. "The ecology of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in relation to sheep farming in County Antrim." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391104.
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Long, Emma. "The feeding ecology of Pteropus rufus in a remnant gallery forest surrounded by sisal plantations in south-east Madagascar." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231933.
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Pteropus rufus, Madagascar's largest endemic fruit bat, is widely distributed but declining in number due to habitat loss and over-hunting. The roost of Berenty, located in a 250 ha remnant of gallery forest surrounded by 30,000 ha of sisal plantations and patches of endemic spiny forest, is the largest in southeastern Madagascar and is an important historical breeding site for this species. Compared with conspecifics elsewhere in Madagascar the diet of P. rufus at Berenty is narrow, containing only 17 plant species. Seven gallery forest and four cultivated species are consistently utilised by the bats, but no endemic spiny forest species were identified in their diet. Pollen of Agave sisalana, present in 84% of faecal samples, contains 36% protein, the main digestive extraction of which was high (73%). Native fruits provide more protein that cultivars, but the latter have significantly higher concentrations of soluble carbohydrates. P. rufus has high mean buccal extraction for nitrogen (73%); carbohydrates (86%); condensed tannins (46%) and phenolics (24%). However, contrary to expectation condensed tannin extraction had no significant effect on nitrogen extraction. P. rufus swallows more viable than non-viable Ficus seeds. In 92% and 58% of germination trials, bat-passed seeds had the highest percentage germination and fastest rate of germination, respectively, compared with seeds from ripe fruits, ejecta pellets or faeces of other frugivores. A minimum foraging range of 17 km was established. The role of P. rufus in pollination is inferred from the presence of pollen on the head and thorax of bats and in their faeces. P. rufus is therefore, an important seed disperser and potentially important pollinator. However, at Berenty its' heavy reliance on the introduced cultivator A. sisalana, unique among the Pteropodidae, suggests that without this resource the remaining gallery forest could not support such a large colony of P. rufus.
12
Birt, Patrina. "Mutualistic interactions between the nectar-feeding little red flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus (Chiroptera : Pteropodidae) and flowering eucalypts (Myrtaceae) : habitat utilisation and pollination /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19062.pdf.
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Doncaster, C. P. "The spatial organisation of urban foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Oxford." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354822.
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Robertson, Peter Charles John. "Movement behaviour of wild and rehabilitated juvenile foxes (Vulpes vulpes)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238942.
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Seymour, Adrian S. "The ecology of nest predation by red foxes Vulpes vulpes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/0e588e7e-0e0c-4406-ae27-1981ea2f1989.
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16
Wahl, Douglas E., and n/a. "The management of flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) in New South Wales." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.152804.
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Throughout their world distribution, fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) play an extremely
important role in forest ecology through seed dispersal and pollination. However, the
recognition of their role in maintaining forest ecological diversity has been largely
overshadowed by the fact that fruit bats are known to cause damage to a wide variety of
cultivated fruits and, as a result, significant effort is undertaken to control fruit bat numbers
in areas where crop damage frequently occurs.
In Australia, fruit bats of the genus Pteropus (or flying foxes) are well known for their role
in destroying valuable fruit crops, particularly along the east coast from Cairns to Sydney.
Historical evidence suggests that flying foxes have been culled as an orchard pest in large
numbers for the past 80 years. Uncontrolled culling both on-farm and in roosts coupled
with extensive habitat destruction in the past century, has resulted in noticeable declines
both in flying fox distribution and local population numbers.
In New South Wales, flying foxes have been 'protected' under the National Parks and
Wildlife Act (1974) since 1986. From that time, fruitgrowers have been required to obtain
a licence (referred to as an occupier's licence) from the National Parks and Wildlife Service
(NPWS) to cull flying foxes causing damage to fruit crops. However, despite the
'protected' status of the species, flying foxes continue to be culled in large numbers as an
orchard pest.
An examination of the management of flying foxes in NSW, has shown that, between
1986-1992, fifteen NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Districts issued a combined
total of 616 occupier's licences to shoot flying foxes with an total allocation of over
240,000 animals. In addition, most flying foxes are culled when the female is carrying her
young under wing or when the young remain in the camp but continue to be dependent on
her return for survival. Further evidence on the extent of culling includes a widely
distributed fruitgrower survey with responses indicating that as few as 50% of the
fruitgrowers shooting flying foxes in NSW obtain the required licence from the National
Parks and Wildlife Service.
While the NPWS has undertaken research into the role of flying foxes in seed dispersal and
pollination, management effort largely continues to focus on resolving conflicts between
fruitgrowers and flying foxes primarily by issuing culling permits to fruitgrowers. At
present, there is no NPWS policy on the management of flying foxes in NSW to guide the
administration of the permit system. As a result, the process of issuing permits for flying
foxes is largely inconsistent between NPWS Districts.
The absence of comprehensive goals and objectives for the management of flying foxes has
resulted in the current situation where large numbers of flying foxes are being culled both
legally and illegally in the absence of any data on the impacts of unknown culling levels on
local flying fox populations.
The NPWS has a statutory obligation to manage flying foxes consistent with the 'protected'
status of the species in NSW and several well known principles of wildlife management.
However, current management of flying foxes in indicates that the Service may be in
violation of the requirement to 'protect' and 'conserve' flying foxes as required under the
National Parks and Wildlife Act (1974).
This study recommends that licences issued to fruitgrowers to cull flying foxes be
discontinued immediately and that adequate enforcement be engaged to reduce illegal
shooting. This action should continue until such time that research on flying fox
populations is able to demonstrate that the culling of flying foxes will not lead populations
into decline. Furthermore, management effort should focus on the development of
alternative strategies to reduce crop damage by flying foxes and provide incentives for
growers to utilize existing control strategies such as netting.
17
Mudoch, James D. "Competition and Niche Seperation between Corsac and Red foxes in Mongolia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504440.
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18
Murdoch, James D. "Competition and niche separation between Corsac and Red Foxes in Mongolia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670063.
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King, Joanne. "Flatbacks and foxes: Using cameras to capture sea turtle nest predation." Thesis, King, Joanne (2016) Flatbacks and foxes: Using cameras to capture sea turtle nest predation. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35397/.
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Flatback turtles (Natator depressus) are marine turtle species endemic to Australia. There is currently insufficient data to allocate a conservation status for this species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Predation upon turtle nests is recognised as a key threatening process to marine turtle species (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003) along with a number of other key anthropogenic threats. The Pilbara region in north-west Western Australia has a number of regionally significant rookeries including the Mundabullangana (Munda) Rookery located on the mainland. Fox predation is known to occur at the Munda rookery however the predation rate and impact of predators disturbing nests is unknown.
Physically observing turtle nests daily for signs of predation is time consuming and requires extensive resources to access remote locations. Camera and non-camera sites were installed at the time of oviposition by flatback turtles to monitor the entire incubation period. Daily observations were undertaken and c² tests were applied to determine effectiveness of camera monitoring as opposed to physical observation and impacts upon nests. Foxes were found to be the primary predator of turtle nests at Munda rookery. The predation rate by foxes was found to be 26% at Munda rookery with 42% of predated nests predated more than once.
Foxes were found to be a late term nest predators with 11 out of 19 nests predated in the period of time between post-hatching and pre-emergence. Cameras were found to be significantly better than physically observing turtle nests for incidents of predation. Cameras were also able to provide behavioural data on target species as well as identify avian and other native faunal predators of hatchlings.
Predation of nests at Munda were significant and warrant the implementation of fox mitigation strategies and actions to protect nests. Cameras are a useful tool for monitoring turtle nesting beaches for predators, however, the research location, weather conditions and ease of accessibility are factors which need to be considered, as cameras do require more frequent cleaning in beachenvironments than when located in less exposed sites and removal may be necessary during extreme weather events.
20
Greentree, Carolyn, and n/a. "Experimental evaluation of fox control and the impact of foxes on lambs." University of Canberra. Science &Design, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060713.101158.
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Baiting with sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) to protect lambs (Ovis aries)
from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) has become more frequent in NSW and other parts
of Australia during the last 10 years despite the lack of reported evidence evaluating
the effects of fox baiting on lamb survival. NSW Agriculture has developed fox
control recommendations aimed at minimising impact, but these guidelines have not
been tested experimentally. Defining the extent of a pest problem and the
effectiveness of pest control are key components of a strategic approach to vertebrate
pest management as it is the damage of pests that justifies their control.
This thesis describes an experimental evaluation of the recommended practice
of fox control in NSW. The effects of three levels of fox control were tested in the
experiment; no treatment, baiting once a year before lambing (the recommended
practice) and baiting three times a year (thought to be the maximum farmers would
instigate). Each treatment had two replicates. No previous manipulative experiment
using synchronous controls and matched replicates has been undertaken to test the
effects. The study quantifies the level of fox predation on healthy lambs and the level
of predation on lambs that had other causes including illness and mismothering
contributing to this fox predation. It also examines the response of the fox
population, lamb predation and lambing outcomes to different levels of fox control.
The cost effectiveness of fox control is examined in relation to lamb predation and an
investigation of the optimum level of fox control is begun. The experiment also
provides the first chance to consider the examination of multiple response variables
and the scale of field ecology experiments required to recognise a significant response
and avoid a Type II error due to between replicate variability even with tightly
controlled site selection criteria to standardise experimental sites, and with the
synchrony of experimental control and treatment surveys.
The study occurred on five sheep properties near Boorowa (34°28'S,
148°32'E) and Murringo (34°18'S, 148°3 1'E) in south-eastern Australia. The terrain
was undulating to hilly with a maximum elevation of 660 m above sea level. The main
agricultural enterprises in the district are Merino wool, fat lamb and beef cattle
production and winter cereal cropping. The native vegetation of Eucalyptus
woodland has been mostly cleared, though remnant patches occur. Most of the area
is now sown with pasture of Phalaris tuberosa, Lolium spp. and clover Trifolium
spp.. The experimental properties grazed self-replacing Merino flocks, primarily for
wool production, so lamb survival was vital to the economic operation of the farm.
Over 50 selection criteria including lamb survival rates, ewe fertility and bloodline,
sheep management practices, climate and habitat features that affect lamb survival,
past fox control practices and prey species were used to select sites Sites were
representative of most sheep farming properties in the region, but were also extremely
similar in factors that affected fox abundance and ewe and lamb survival, thus
minimising variation between replicate sites.
The manufactured meat baits used to poison foxes contained 3 mg of sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080). A replacement baiting program was carried
out in 1995 and 1996. Fox control programs were carried out over the experimental
units and adjacent buffer zones covering approximately two fox territories,
approximately 6km2, around the lambing paddock under study. The recommended fox
control practices described by NSW Agriculture also included neighbouring farmers
taking part in an extended group baiting program. In all the area baited at varying
intensities totalled 3400 km2. Synchronised lambing with neighbours was a further
recommended practice to reduce fox predation and was carried out on these sites.
Lambing occurred during a six to eight week period in late winter on all sites, a
practice known as 'spring lambing', and on many surrounding properties so a surplus
of lambs was available to foxes over a relatively short time.
The benefits of fox control were measured directly as enhanced lamb survival
derived from differences in lamb marking rates between ultrasounded flocks of
approximately 1000 ewes and the predation of lambs was measured from over 2000
lamb carcases post-mortemed in 1994, 1995 and 1996. A mean of 138 lambs were
expected at ultrasounding from 100 ewes and 113 lambs per 100 ewes were alive at
lamb marking.
There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of fox control on lambing
performance (the number of lambs per 100 ewes that lambed) Fox predation was
inferred as the cause of lamb death in a minimum of 0.8% and a maximum of 5.3% of
lamb carcases during 1995 and 1996. There was a significant (P<0 05) effect of fox
control on the minimum possible percentage of lamb carcases classified as healthy
lambs killed by foxes, with the percentage declining from 1.50% (no fox control), to
0.90% (fox control once per year) to 0.25% (fox control three times per year). There
was also a significant (P<0.005) effect of fox control on the maximum possible
percentage of lamb carcases classified as healthy lambs killed by foxes with the
percentage declining from 10.25% (no fox control), to 6.50% (fox control once per
year) to 3.75% (fox control three times per year). The observed results were used to
estimate the number of treatment replicates needed to be confident of detecting an
effect of predator control on lamb marking performance. The estimated numbers
were very high if small effects were to be detected. No significant correlation
between the fox density and the minimum and maximum possible number of lambs
carcases classified as killed by foxes was found. Bait uptake was monitored as were
the costs of fox control.
21
Scholz, Carolin [Verfasser]. "The ecology of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in anthropogenic landscapes / Carolin Scholz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232726559/34.
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Pleydell, David. "Landscape composition and the spatial distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes and humans." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490526.
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The life-cycle of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is dependent upon the predator - prey relationship between canids (e.g. Vulpes sp) and small mammals. Accidental ingestion of E. multilocularis eggs can lead to the rare but fatal zoonotic disease alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in humans. Detecting early asymptomatic infections greatly increases patients' life expectancy. Mass-screening detect unknown cases using ultrasonography. Reliable predictive methods could help medics target resources. Here epidemiology, landscape ecology, satellite remote sensing and spatial modelling are integrated for the purposes of analytical inference and spatial prediction.
23
Newman, Tabetha Jane. "Disease dynamics : the effect of sarcoptic mange on a population of red foxes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391154.
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Drake, Elizabeth Marie. "Home Range and Habitat Use of Santa Rosa Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis santarosae)." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/954.
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Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) are currently listed as federally endangered on four of the six Channel Islands to which they are endemic. The Santa Rosa Island (SRI) population declined by 99% during the 1990’s due to non-native golden eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) predation and is currently the lowest fox population (~280) and density (0.86 foxes/km2) of any of the Channel Islands. The goals of this study were to assess new miniaturized GPS technology and to quantify home range and habitat use of the SRI population. This is only the second use of Global Positioning System (GPS) collars on Channel Island foxes and provides essential baseline data for the recovering population. These results can be used to guide management decisions and future habitat restoration efforts after the recent removal of non-native ungulates.
In fall 2009, 14 GPS collars were deployed on male foxes on the east side of SRI. Nine collars and three remote download datasets were recovered in 2010. The collars’ battery life was 40% lower than expected at an average (±SE) of 16.5 ± 1.7 weeks but had high performance in precision and fix rate. Collars yielded an average of 347 ± 33 locations with a fix rate of 82.3% ± 2.1% and 88% of locations categorized as high precision.
From these data, 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home ranges and 95% kernel density isopleth (KDI) home ranges were created. The average 95% MCP home range size was 3.39 ± 0.59km2 and the area of overlap with adjacent home ranges had a median of 5.3%. The average 95% KDI home range size was 3.82 ± 0.68km2 with a median overlap of 6.0%. These home range sizes are almost triple the size reported in other island fox studies, likely due to the low fox densities in the recovering SRI population.
Habitat analysis was performed using KDI home ranges and a Euclidian distance analysis (EDA) method to assess habitat selection within the study area, the home range and the core area. Results showed selection for lupine within the study area, which no previous studies have documented. There was no significant habitat selection within the home ranges or core areas. Foxes selected for valley bottom topography and for bare and grassland habitat at night. One shortcoming of EDA is that its reliance on random points for determining second order selection can lead to unused areas being identified as selected habitat. The lack of significant selection within home ranges and core areas may be attributed to small sample sizes, use of male foxes only and the timing of the study in relation to fox reproductive biology.
I recommend further investigation in the use of lupine habitat and associated resources through prey inventory studies to further assess these findings. When densities reach historic levels of 4 foxes/km2, follow up studies should be conducted to reassess home range size, overlap and habitat use to determine if home range sizes have decreased and overlap has increased. Future studies should incorporate spring and summer seasons and females to determine if foxes select a particular habitat within the core area during denning and pupping periods.
25
Hamilton, Steven G. "Melanesian Island Pteropodidae (Chiroptera) community niche partitioning conveyed in hair and tounge ecomorphology /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18340.pdf.
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MOLSHER, Robyn Lorraine. "THE ECOLOGY OF FERAL CATS, FELIS CATUS, IN OPEN FOREST IN NEW SOUTH WALES: INTERACTIONS WITH FOOD RESOURCES AND FOXES." University of Sydney, School lof Biological Sciences, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/411.
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ABSTRACT Despite increasing evidence for the impact of feral cats Felis catus on native fauna in Australia, little is known of the ecology of cats, particularly factors that limit cat abundance. The ecology of the feral cat in Australia is represented by just 15 published studies on diet, only one of which has examined diet in relation to prey availability, and one study of home range behaviour. The red fox Vulpes vulpes is a significant pest to agriculture and native fauna in Australia and widespread fox removals have been proposed by the Vertebrate Biocontrol Cooperative Research Centre (VBCRC). However, there is concern that feral cats may increase compensatorily when fox populations are reduced, as has occurred in Western Australia, and therefore that predation pressure may not be alleviated on native fauna following fox control programs. This thesis is divided into two parts. First, the diet and home range size of cats is examined in relation to prey availability, and home range overlap and habitat use are determined. In the second part, several niche parameters (diet, home range and habitat use) that were potentially important resources for foxes and cats were quantified to assess the potential for competition. Avoidance and aggression between cats and foxes was examined using simultaneous radiotracking techniques and video observations. The hypothesis that foxes limit cats through interspecific competition (exploitation and interference) was then tested using a fox removal experiment. Finally, three further hypotheses were tested using a fox removal experiment to determine which factors limit feral cats at Burrendong. The four hypotheses tested were thus: i) Cats are limited independently of foxes through other factors such as food availability; ii) Foxes limit cats through interspecific competition (exploitation and/or interference); iii) Foxes limit cats through intraguild predation; iv) Cats benefit from the presence of foxes through facilitation. The diets and spatial use of feral cats were examined on agricultural land on the eastern shore of Lake Burrendong, New South Wales (32o40�S, 149o 10�E) between July 1994 and June 1997. The major land use for the area is water catchment under the agistment of sheep Ovis aries and cattle Bos taurus. The study area encompasses about 90 km2 of hilly terrain with undulating slopes that extend down to a flat foreshore area that has been extensively cleared of trees for grazing. The slopes are generally well timbered and dominated by white box Eucalyptus albens woodlands with some yellow box E. melliodora associations. Stands of cyprus pines Callitris spp. are also common. Feral cats and red foxes are established throughout the study area, and the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus was abundant until the arrival of Rabbit Calicivirus Disease (RCD) in June 1996. The diet of feral cats was determined from the analysis of 499 scats. Rabbits were the staple prey of cats, with occurrence (O) in 81.6% of scats and comprising 68.4% by volume (V). Carrion (mostly eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus and sheep) (O 21.5%, V 11.5%) was an important secondary food, particularly in winter and spring. Other mammalian prey included brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula (O 4.6%, V 2.4%), house mice Mus domesticus (O 6.2%, V 3.2%), black rats Rattus rattus (O 2.6%, V 1.4%) and a dunnart Sminthopsis sp. (probably S. murina) (O 0.2%, V 0.006%). Invertebrates (mostly Orthopterans) (O 41.5%, V 7.5%), vegetation (O 26.3%, V 3.6%), birds (O 4.2%, V 0.8%) and reptiles (O 3.4%, V 0.3%) were generally of minor importance in the diet. Few significant seasonal differences were found, although invertebrates contributed significantly less, and possums more, to the mean scat volume in winter and summer respectively. A significant dietary response was found for changes in rabbit abundance, but not for the other prey groups. Cats continued to prey heavily on rabbits after the arrival of Rabbit Calicivirus Disease, despite the relatively low numbers of rabbits. Ten months post-RCD, house mice increased in importance in the diet. However, it was not known whether this represented prey switching sensu stricto or opportunistic predation on an increased mouse population, as mouse abundance was not measured during this period. Seventy-seven cats (48 recaptures) were caught in 6762 trap nights between November 1994 and August 1996 using both cage traps and leg-hold traps. A further 18 individual cats were trapped as non-target animals by the VBCRC Fox Sterility Project and used in this study. Trapped adult cats were fitted with radio collars and their home range size, overlap and habitat use examined. Home ranges and core areas were quantified using 95% and 50% kernel utilisation distributions (KE 95 and KE 50) and minimum convex polygons (MCP 100, MCP 95, MCP 50). Four habitat types (grassland, open woodland, open forest, and mudflats) were delineated on aerial photographs and a habitat map produced using ARC/INFO. Compositional analysis was used to examine habitat preference in cats. Home range sizes of cats (n = 15, 598 fixes) in winter 1995, prior to fox removal, were similar to those reported in the only published study of cat spatial use in Australia, but larger than those recorded elsewhere. This may have reflected more dispersed food resources in Australia, although home range size was not correlated significantly with rabbit abundance. Male ranges (MCP 95 = 284 ha, n = 11) tended to be larger than females ( = 151ha, n = 4), but no differences were detected between young (1-3 years, = 271ha, n = 7) and old (>3 years, = 221ha, n = 8) cats. Cats were active both by day and night with no temporal differences being detected in range size. Both adult male and female cats tended to be solitary, although home ranges overlapped extensively. Kin groups were indicated (but not confirmed) as most inter-sexual overlap occurred between young and old cats. Habitat composition of home ranges generally reflected the availability of habitats at the study site, although cats significantly avoided mudflats. Home ranges comprised mostly open woodland and open forest habitats with smaller areas of grassland and mudflats. However, within individual home ranges, cats used grassland and open woodland habitats most often where rabbits were more abundant. Inter-individual (sex, age) or temporal (day/night) differences in habitat use were not detected. Comparison of resource use between cats and foxes indicated a large overlap in diet, home ranges and habitat use. Dietary breadths and overlaps between cats and foxes increased when rabbit availability declined in autumn and post-RCD. Dietary overlap was high overall (75%), although some resource partitioning was detected. Rabbits were more important in the diet of cats than foxes, particularly in summer, when foxes ate more grasshoppers. Carrion, invertebrates and vegetation were more important for foxes than for cats overall. Home ranges of both cats and foxes comprised mostly open woodland habitats followed by grassland, open forest and mudflats, which largely reflected their relative availabilities. However, within individual home ranges, cats showed a preference for grassland habitats. In addition, cats tended to deposit scats more often than foxes at rabbit warrens and at hollow log entrances, while foxes deposited scats more often than cats on sand plots, tracks and at dams. The large overlap in resource use between cats and foxes indicated a high potential for exploitation competition. Foxes may attempt to lessen competition by killing cats (interference competition). Three radiocollared cats were killed by foxes and aggression was observed toward cats. Home ranges overlapped extensively, but avoidance was indicated from the simultaneous radiotracking of both predators, as greater separations and lower overlaps in home ranges and core areas were recorded between species than within species. In addition, video observations suggested avoidance of carcasses by cats in the presence of foxes. The hypothesis that foxes limit feral cats through interspecific competition was then tested using a fox removal experiment. Foxes were reduced at two of the four sites from October 1995 using �1080� baiting and spotlight shooting by the VBCRC Predator-Prey project. Resource use and abundance of cats were compared before and after fox removal and between treated and untreated sites. Although no increase in cat abundance followed the removal of foxes, significant behavioural changes by cats strongly suggested interspecific competition operating via exploitation and interference. Exploitation competition was supported by the increased consumption of carrion by cats at the treated sites after fox removal, while support for interference competition came from the increased use of grassland habitats at night after fox removal. The direction of the resource shifts to more prey-rich habitats indicated asymmetry in the relationship between the two predator species. Although the null hypothesis of no limitation of cats by foxes could not be rejected, as no increase in cat abundance was recorded after fox removal, interspecific competition was considered to be the most likely mechanism limiting feral cats at Burrendong. Intraguild predation was not indicated as no cat remains were found in any of the 343 fox scats or 255 fox stomachs that were examined. In addition, minimal evidence was found for facilitation between cats and foxes, or for food limitation. The potential for foxes to limit cats, as shown in this study, indicates that cats need to be considered in future fox control operations. Integrated pest management, where foxes, cats and rabbits are controlled together, is strongly proposed if the objective is to safeguard native fauna in Australia. Further research is required to improve the effectiveness of current techniques for censusing cat populations, particularly in forested areas. This is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of control campaigns and quantifying factors that limit cat populations, and ultimately for effective protection of susceptible native fauna.
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Furlong, Michael John. "The impact of a generalist predator, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), on its main prey populations." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/927e8373-6f96-4637-a525-0ca219c900e7.
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Murphy, Anthony John. "Values, rights and foxes : a sociological study of the moral discourse of fox hunting." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429237.
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Trewby, Iain Douglas[. "The effects of competition by badgers on foxes and their prey : an experimental investigation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521254.
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Nimmervoll, Helena. "Sarcoptic mange in red foxes ("vulpes vulpes") from Switzerland : pathological characteristics and influencing factors /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/07nimmervoll_h.pdf.
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Forbes-Harper, Jesse. "Ecomorphology of the skulls of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from south-west Western Australia." Thesis, Forbes-Harper, Jesse (2010) Ecomorphology of the skulls of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from south-west Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30054/.
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The diet of predators has a very strong influence on their morphology, and this is particularly true of their skulls. Ecomorphology is the prediction of an animal’s ecology from its morphological features. Cranial specializations in particular enable us to predict both diet and feeding behaviour, which are tightly linked. Foxes are introduced predators in Australia, and are controlled because of their detrimental effects upon native wildlife and livestock. Their impact is particularly severe in the biodiversity hotspot of the south-west. We collected samples from over 500 red foxes from 16 locations during culls carried out as part of the Red Card for the Red Fox program 2010, coordinated by the Department of Agriculture WA. Skull morphology (size, shape, weight, and tooth wear) was investigated and correlated with age, sex, geographic location, body mass and length, and environmental variables. Fox morphology data is analysed and interpreted, with a focus on the parameters above. By far the majority of animals that are shot by hunters are juveniles that are dispersing from their natal sites; adults are either less common or (more likely) far too smart to be tracked and shot. Adult foxes were found to have significantly more robust and heavy skulls than juveniles, whilst most other dimensions are in proportion (scale isometrically) with skull size. Skull robustness was found to significantly vary with geographic locations. Increased skull robustness may widen fox dietary options, although it is difficult to attribute this variation to the environmental variables investigated. Future directions in which to take fox ecomorphology research are suggested.
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陳康言. "香港狐仙信仰研究= A study of fox cult in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/479.
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在香港，這個以華人為主的社會中，民眾對「狐仙」的想像都比較單一，大多離不開潑婦、情婦、腋臭過重等負面的意思。這些印象的形成與中國傳統文學作品中的狐形象和香港流行媒體的渲染，有著非常密切的關係。但作為信仰的象徵，狐仍有其獨特的文化意義。狐仙信仰在中國有著源遠流長的歷史，亦是一種流行於百姓階層中的民間信仰。早在先秦時期，狐已帶有道德上的意義。自唐代以來，狐一直為華北地區的一種古老民間信仰，古人相信老狐可以修道成為神仙助人，亦可以成為妖精祟人，這反映了狐仙的兩個面向。此信仰雖然植根在中國北方，但亦同時出現於華南地區，包括香港。在現今都市化的發展下，狐仙信仰在香港已呈現出一幅跟北方不一樣的面貌。在今日香港，華人為社會上的大多數，相關的民間信仰神祇為數甚多，狐仙信仰亦為其中之一。但長久以來，由於中國宗教往往會簡單地分為制度性宗教與民間宗教，而狐仙信仰則標籤為後者，是制度性宗教的從屬，故相關的研究結果亦不多。故此，有必要進行研究以了解狐仙信仰在今日香港社會的情況。由於相關的文獻資料不多，故筆者主要會進行實地的田野調查，以了解香港狐仙信仰的具體內容。本文將會分為七個章節，除去緒論以及結論的部份，筆者會先了解「狐仙」在歷史上的形成與發展，之後會討論香港民眾對狐仙為何會抱有負面的印象。其後再深入探討狐仙在信仰上的內涵，包括有關狐仙的傳說故事和儀式實踐，並會探討此信仰的善信群體。在了解到香港狐仙信仰的基本資料後，筆者會嘗試引用臺灣以及山東地區的狐仙信仰，從側面的角度，去以了解香港狐仙信仰的獨特性。In Hong Kong, a society with the majority of Chinese, people do have a simple and single imagination towards the idea of "fox", which mostly involved vixen, mistress, excessive underarm odor and other negative meaning. The formation of these impressions has a close relation with the images of "fox" which we found in traditional Chinese literature and the rendering of the popular media. However, as a symbol of faith, fox still has its own unique cultural significance. "Fox belief" has a long history and also popular among the general population in China. The moral significance of "fox" is originated before the Pre-Qin Period. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become a popular religion among the people in Northern China. Our ancestors believed that the old foxes had the ability to transform into supernatural creatures, which can become either a "God" or a "Monster". Although fox cult was originated at the Northern China, it can also be found in the Southern regions, including Hong Kong. Under the morden urban development, the ritual practices of fox cult in Hong Kong and other regions are very different from on another. Hong Kong, which belongs to the Sinosphere as well, contains thousands of Chinese folk deities, including fox belief. However, due to the traditional systematic Chinese religion system, research is limited in this area as fox belief was perceived to be a popular religion, subordinate to the systematic religion. Hence, there is a need for us to find out the real picture of fox cult in Hong Kong. In this research, field work is the most important method to acquire related knowledge since there are limited archives base on this area. The research will be divided into 7 parts, except the introduction and the conclusion, a historical background towards the formation and development of "Fox Cult" will be first discussed. Then, the common negative impression of Hong Kong people towards "fox spirit" will also be discussed. The main argument will be focusing on the faith connotation of fox cult in Hong Kong, including the legends and ritual practices. Moreover, the faith communities will also be a concern of this research. Lastly, in order to ascertain the uniqueness of fox belief in Hong Kong, fox cult in Taiwan and Shandong will also be introduced under a comparative method.
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Wandeler, Peter. "Spatial and temporal population genetics of Swiss red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) following a rabies epizootic." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54549/.
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Infectious disease can affect the demography of natural populations and, as a consequence, can alter the genetic variation within and between those populations. This study investigated long-term effects of rabies-induced mortality on the demography and genetic variation in two Swiss red fox populations over ten to fourteen generations. In Switzerland, the last rabies epizootic persisted from 1967 to 1999 and was continuously monitored by collecting fox carcasses throughout the country. Alongside records of rabies tests and post-mortem data, tooth samples were systematically archived for ageing. In this study, DNA from 666 individual teeth was extracted. For 279 extracts, the concentration of nuclear DNA was estimated in a quantitative PCR and found to be negatively correlated with storage time. After excluding samples with insufficient DNA concentration for reliable genotyping, 382 samples were screened using between nine and seventeen canine and red fox specific microsatellites. Tooth samples were combined with 189 modern tissue samples. By assessing the age structure continuously throughout and after the rabies epizootic for the first population, population census size and age structure were found to be altered by the high rabies-induced mortality. In contrast, no long-term trends in genetic diversity were identified although a high variation of Ho, He, F s was discovered both in short-term and longer-term. A strong isolation-by-distance pattern was revealed for the second population by comparing individual pairwise genetic with spatial distances using modern samples. Furthermore, genetic data demonstrated that dispersal was sex-biased and diverted by the topography of the landscape. When investigating isolation-by-distance patterns within the same population in 1971-73 and 1982-84 at lower population densities, density-dependant dispersal was observed. In conclusion, this study revealed no loss of genetic diversity in red foxes following a rabies epizootic despite a population bottleneck, yet highlights population density as an important factor to determine local spatial genetic structure.
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Vickery, Melissa J. "The Self-Characterization of Lillian Hellman in The Little Foxes and Another Part of the Forest." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500906/.
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This study analyzed the personalities and actions of Regina, Birdie, Alexandra, and Lavinia from Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes and Another Part of the Forest. The analysis was focused on the relationship between the life and personality of Lillian Hellman and each of the characters. The method of character analysis that was used was that described by David Grote in Script Analysis, but the effect of cultural history on the characters and on Lillian Hellman was examined as well. It was discovered that Lillian Hellman had infused the characters with many aspects her own personality. In the case of Regina and Lavinia, Hellman also used the characterizations to sort out her mixed feelings toward her parents.
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Baker, Sandra E. "Developing aversion management techniques for use with European badgers Meles meles and red foxes Vulpes vulpes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275371.
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Benítez, Leiva Luciano. "The novel from up above and the Anthropology from down below. Argueda’s foxes as experimental etnography." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/79995.
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En el presente artículo se elabora una lectura de El Zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo de José María Arguedas, desde una óptica proveniente de la antropología, haciéndola dialogar con el género de la etnografía experimental, enmarcado dentro de la crisis del paradigma positivista en ciencias sociales. Esta novela pretende dar cuenta de un contexto intercultural complejo, elaborando una fórmula textual con mayores facultades de abordaje que la novela indigenista o el realismo etnográfico clásico. Si bien Arguedas no tiene pretensiones científicas, su novela refleja y abre aspectos de la realidad utilizando recursos como el collage, el mito como antecedente histórico y la perspectiva polifónica mediante el discurso de diversos actores sociales presentes en la obra. Todo ello hace evidencia de su formación como etnólogo que a la vez es literato, inscribiéndose dentro del fenómeno de los géneros confusos y la refiguración del pensamiento social (Geertz 1980). Se procede a partir de la novela en su totalidad y los diarios que la acompañan, destacando ciertos fragmentos y nutriéndonos de perspectivas teóricas referentes a la etnografía. Igualmente, evidenciamos la complejidad del estilo arguediano, como los cuestionamientos teóricos y epistemológicos de la antropología de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.This article elaborates a reading of The Fox from up above and the Fox from down below by Jose Maria Arguedas, from an anthropological perspective, making it dialogue with the genre of experimental ethnography, framed within the positivist paradigm crisis in social sciences. This book aims to describe a complex intercultural context, developing a textual formula with higher powers than the indigenous novel approach or traditional ethnographic realism. While Arguedas has no scientific pretensions, his novel opens and reflects aspects of reality using resources such as collage, myth as historical background and polyphonic perspective through the discourse of social actors within the play. This makes evidence of his training as an ethnologist who is at once literary, enrolling in the phenomenon of blurred genders and the re-figuration of social thought (Geertz 1980). It starts from the novel in its entirety and the accompanying diaries, highlighting certain passages and nourishes of theoretical perspectives relating to ethnography, demonstrating the complexity of the arguedian style, such as theoretical and epistemological questions of anthropology in the second half of the twentieth century.
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Towerton, Alison. "The ecology and management of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in woodland-agricultural environments in New South Wales." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11780.
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The European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a predator of native species and livestock in Australia. Coordinated approaches to fox management are most effective and were explored in this thesis by studying fox behaviour and responses to baiting and by monitoring baiting programs. Fieldwork was carried out in the Goonoo, an area of public and private forest that supports populations of the endangered malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata), a ground-dwelling bird susceptible to fox predation. Fox management here uses a collaborative community approach to protect malleefowl and livestock in surrounding agricultural areas. Movements of foxes were investigated using VHF- and GPS-tracking devices. Foxes occupied large areas, with mean range sizes (100% minimum convex polygons) for VHF- and GPS-tracked foxes (post dispersal), respectively, 836 ha ± 596 (SD) (n = 9) and 6096 ha ± 2766 (SD) (n = 3). Fox activity, indexed by bait uptake, showed no consistent decline after poison baiting. Fox baiting effort was assessed across the landscape by mapping bait stations set on public and private land to identify gaps in baited areas, a potential source of recolonising foxes.. Remote camera traps were used to examine pest and prey responses to baiting operations across the landscape. No significant changes in activity were observed for any species between pre- and post-baiting, but a trend for reduction in fox activity was observed. Baiting operations were successful in that up to 75% of collared foxes succumbed to poisoning, while fox activity was reduced following some baiting operations. This mixed success may suggest that the current approach is close to being sufficient to reduce fox activity and increase the protection of livestock and native species, but also that improvements are needed to sustain any long-term benefits. The large areas occupied by individual foxes in the forested environment strengthen the need for fox management efforts to be on-going and coordinated across the landscape.
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Mahon, Paul S. "Predation by feral cats and red foxes and the dynamics of small mammal populations in arid Australia." Thesis, School of Biological Sciences, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3927.
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Mole, Antónia da Conceição dos Reis Pão. "Contribution to the knowledge of selected parasitic infections in red-foxes (Vulpes vulpes) of the Alentejo area." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20776.
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Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do mestrado em Biologia da Conservação e resultou da ligação entre a Biologia e a vigilância sanitária. Durante a época de caça foram capturadas vinte e cinco raposas-vermelhas na região do Alentejo, tendo sido submetidas a provas serológicas para detecção de presença de Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum. Este estudo de vigilância permitirá inferir sobre a saúde do ecossistema e sobre reservatórios de doença tanto para animais silvestres ameaçados, como o lince ibérico, assim como para mamíferos domésticos e para o próprio Homem. Foram detectados, com ELISA, anticorpos anti-L infantum em 5.6% dos animais, anticorpos anti-T. gondii em 50% dos animais, com IFAT e MATe finalmente anticorpos anti-N. caninum em 16.7% das raposas, com IFAT. - ABSTRACT: The present project was developed as an investigation for a master's dissertation in Biology Conservation, a study that links Biology and health surveillance. Twenty-five foxes were obtained during hunting season and serological tests were used to assess the presence of Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in the red-fox from the Alentejo area; this descriptive surveillance study provides a first insight into the health of the ecosystem and reservoirs of diseases both to endangered sympatric wild species, such as the lberian lynx, and to domestic mammals and even humans. lt's important to better understand the threat and potential impact that disease agents might pose for the conservation of endangered species. Anti-L infantum antibodies were detected by ELISA in 5.6% of the animals, anti-T. gondii antibodies were identified by IFAT and MAT in 50% of the animals; finally, anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected by IFAT in 16.7% of the foxes.
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Dybing, Narelle. "Gastro-intestinal parasites of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) in southwest Western Australia." Thesis, Dybing, Narelle (2010) Gastro-intestinal parasites of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) in southwest Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/13313/.
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Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) are present throughout a wide range of habitats and landscapes across much of Australia. In addition to the competition and predatory impacts of these two pest species, red foxes and feral cats harbour a wide range of parasites, many of which may have important conservation, agricultural and zoonotic repercussions. This project investigated the occurrence of helminth parasites from the intestines of 147 red foxes and 47 feral cats collected from 14 and 11 locations respectively, throughout southwest Western Australia.
Helminth parasites were detected in 58% of foxes and 81% of cats. Helminth species identified from red foxes were: Dipylidium caninum (27.7% of individual foxes examined), Uncinaria stenocephala (18.2%), Toxocara canis (14.9%), Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (5.4%), Toxascaris leonina (4.7%), Taenia spp. (4.1%), Taenia serialis (1.4%), Taenia hydatigena (0.7%), Brachylaima cribbi (0.7%), Plagiorchis maculosus (0.7%) and an Acanthocephalan identified to family Centrorhynchidae (2.1%). Helminth species identified from feral cats were: Taenia taeniaeformis (39.1% of individual cats examined), Toxocara cati (34.8%), Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (19.6%), Oncicola pomatostomi (15.2%), Toxascaris leonina (6.5%), Dipylidium caninum (6.5%), Ancylostoma spp (2.2%) and the Acanthocephalan Centrorhynchidae (2.2%).
Infracommunity richness varied from 1-3 and 1-4 species per host in red foxes and feral cats respectively. Average parasite burdens varied from 1-39 worms across all helminth species. Several environmental factors were significantly related to the presence of some parasites in red foxes. For red foxes, the percentage remnant vegetation cover at each sampling location was significantly positively correlated with the presence of T. canis and U. stenocephala (p<0.001). Average relative humidity was significantly positively correlated with the presence of S. erinaceieuropaei (p<0.001), T. leonina (p<0.01) and U. stenocephala (p<0.01). Five year average minimum temperature had an effect on S. erinaceieuropaei and U. stenocephala (p<0.001). For feral cats, a significant positive correlation was detected between the presence of T. cati and five year annual rainfall (p<0.001) as well as individual head/body length and T. taeniaeformis (p<0.001).
Helminth species associations were detected between U. stenocephala and D. caninum, S. erinaceieuropaei, T. canis and T. leonina in red foxes. A significant association was also detected between S. erinaceieuropaei and T. leonina in red foxes. In feral cats helminth species associations were detected between T. taeniaeformis and O. pomatostomi as well as between T. taeniaeformis and T. cati. The only parasite that was positively correlated with body condition (assessed by body mass) was S. erinaceieuropaei in foxes. The species richness within a host was not observed to affect body condition in either foxes or cats.
In conclusion, red foxes and feral cats in southwest Western Australia harbour a wide range of helminth parasites, which are of veterinary significance for wildlife and livestock. Control of red foxes and feral cats in this region may therefore provide an important mechanism of control of these parasites. Importantly, Echinococcus granulosus, a parasite of major zoonotic concern, was not recorded in this study.
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Randér, Gustav. "Vild eller tam? : En fallstudie av rävens funktion i den gropkeramiska Ajvidelokalen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413723.
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The subject of this thesis is the animal bones deriving from foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and dogs (Canis familiaris) found in the Pitted Ware Culture site of Ajvide, located in the Eksta parish on Gotland, Sweden. The multiple excavations of this site have uncovered large amounts of osteological material, of which animal bones make up about 2500kg. The aim of this case study is to unveil the purpose and function of foxes on Ajvide, while also comparing them with the previously known dogs. Additionally, the relation between man and fox is also a point of interpretation. The osteological analysis has determined foxes and dogs are distributed decently evenly, the dog being a bit more common. The spatial analysis determined that both fox- and dog bones were most common in the activity areas called “black areas”. The analysis has determined that the foxes skulked around the locale, scavenging for slaughter waste from the human slaughter of seals and fish. It has also been theorized how the foxes of Ajvide did not possess a ritualistic significance to the peoples of Ajvide.
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Spencer, Ricky-John. "The Murray River turtle, Emydura macquarii population dynamics, nesting ecology and impact of the introduced red fox, Vulpes vulpes /." Connect to full text, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/373.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001.Includes tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 22, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science. Degree awarded 2001; thesis submitted 2000. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Flores, Fúlvio Torres. "Nem só bem-feitas, nem tão melodramáticas: \'The Children\'s Hour\' e \'The Little Foxes\', de Lillian Hellman." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-08072008-150422/.
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A proposta dessa dissertação é analisar as peças The Children´s Hour e The Little Foxes, de Lillian Hellman, pela primeira vez encenadas nos Estados Unidos em 1934 e 1939 respectivamente. A análise discute a forma da peça bem feita e a forma do melodrama nessas obras, assim como o conteúdo delas, a fim de identificar como a crítica social e as formas teatrais propostas pela dramaturga estão intrincadas. Com base em autores como Peter Szondi, essencial para se entender a dialética entre forma e conteúdo, Jean Marie Thomasseau, teórico do melodrama, e de outros que escreveram sobre a peça bem feita, procurou-se entender como Hellman valeu-se das próprias formas correntes da cultura dominante e da indústria cultural para investigar a sociedade capitalista norte-americana. Para a compreensão ampla de tais questões, foram analisados os textos dramatúrgicos, encenações, adaptações para cinema e televisão, tanto nos Estados como no Brasil. Hellman foi constantemente criticada pelas opções formais de suas obras, algo que é revelado pela fortuna crítica mais relevante que foi coletada e é apresentada nessa dissertação, servindo de suplemento para as análises. Lillian Hellman examinou o conservadorismo arbitrário e as estratégias de manutenção do capitalismo criticando a classe dominante através da utilização das formas teatrais privilegiadas por essa classe.This work aims to analyze Lillian Hellman\'s plays The Children´s Hour and The Little Foxes, which were first performed in the United States in 1934 and 1939 respectively. In addition to the content of these works, the analysis discusses the well-made play and the melodrama in order to identify how social criticism and these theater forms are interrelated, as proposed by her. Based on authors such as Peter Szondi, whose work is fundamental to understanding the dialectics between form and content, and Jean-Marie Thomasseau, a melodrama theorist, as well as others who wrote about the well-made play, this dissertation searches for a comprehension of how the playwright made use of the dominant culture\'s own forms to investigate North-American capitalist society. For a comprehensive understanding of such issues, the dramaturgical texts, performances, as well as film and television adaptations in both the United States and Brazil have been analyzed. Hellman was constantly criticized for the formal choices of her plays, something revealed in articles and essays by relevant critics. These criticisms are presented in this dissertation in order to supplement the analysis. Lillian Hellman criticized the dominant class\' arbitrary conservatism and the strategies of capitalist maintenance by employing theater forms which were endowed by that class.
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Dempsey, Stephen J. "Evaluation of Survey Methods and Development of Species Distribution Models for Kit Foxes in the Great Basin Desert." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2011.
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Historically, kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) once occupied the desert and semi-arid regions of southwestern North America, ranging from Idaho to central Mexico. Their range-wide decline has warranted the kit fox to be listed as endangered in Colorado, threatened in California and Oregon, and designated as a state sensitive species in Idaho and Utah. Once considered the most abundant carnivore in western Utah, the kit fox has been in steep decline over the past decade, creating a demand to determine kit fox presence. Currently there is little consensus on which survey methodology is best to detect kit fox presence. We tested 4 survey methods (scat deposition, scent station, spotlight, trapping) along 15 5-km transects within a minimum known population of radio collar kit fox. Home range sizes for kit foxes on the study site were extremely large, averaging 20.5 km2. Scat deposition surveys had both the highest detection probabilities (= 0.88) and were the most closely related to known fox abundance (r2 =0.50, P = 0.001). For detecting kit foxes in a low density population we suggest using scat deposition transects during the breeding season. This method had low costs, was resilient to weather, had low labor requirements, and entailed no risk to the study animals.Next in determining kit fox presence is estimating kit fox distribution. We developed resource selection functions (RSF) using presence data from the noninvasive scat surveys to model kit fox distribution. We evaluated the predictive performance of RSFs built using three popular techniques (Maxent, fixed-effects and mixed-effects general linear models) combined with common environmental parameters (slope, aspect, elevation, soil type). Both the Maxent and fixed-effects models performed to an acceptable level with relatively high area under the curve (AUC) scores of 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. The mixed-effects model over valued higher elevations and had poor model fit. This study demonstrated that it was possible to create valid and informative predictive maps of a species distribution using a noninvasive survey method for detecting a carnivore existing at low density. By demonstrating the application of noninvasive surveying to model habitat quality for a small mesocarnivore, wildlife management agencies will be able to develop predictive maps for species of interest and provide more knowledge to help guide future management decisions.
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Nelson, Julia Lynn. "Effects of varying habitats on competition between endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) and coyotes (Canis latrans)." Thesis, Connect to this title online Connect to this title online (alternative address), 2005. http://www.montana.edu/etd/available/nelson%5F1205.html.
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Moehrenschlager, Axel. "Effects of ecological and human factors on the behaviour and population dynamics of reintroduced Canadian swift foxes (Vulpes velox)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393377.
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Risbey, Danielle A. "The impact of cats and foxes on small terrestrial vertebrates and the control of feral cats at Heirisson Prong." Thesis, Risbey, Danielle A. (2000) The impact of cats and foxes on small terrestrial vertebrates and the control of feral cats at Heirisson Prong. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52090/.
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Settlement by Europeans brought with it many changes to the Australian environment including: altered fire regimes; land clearing; hunting native animals; and the introduction of exotic diseases, herbivores and predators. Many of these factors have been proposed as causes of declines in the diversity and ranges of native vertebrates, especially mammals, although few have been studied experimentally. This study at Heirisson Prong in Shark Bay, Western Australia, examined the role of exotic predators in the decline of native fauna by investigating the predatory impact of feral cats and foxes on the small (<50 g) mammal and reptile fauna using both dietary analysis and a controlled field experiment. The study arose from perceived shortcomings in the knowledge of the impacts of these predators upon Australian native vertebrates and apparent difficulties in the control of feral cats in particular. Heirisson Prong was an appropriate site for such a study, as populations of feral cats and foxes were already being controlled to protect threatened mammals reintroduced to mainland Australia from offshore islands. The methods of predator control used at Heirisson Prong created three broad zones differing in cat and fox activity. This provided the opportunity to investigate the inter-specific interactions between feral cats and foxes and their predatory impact on small mammals and reptiles. Options for the control of feral cats were also explored by testing a range of trapping and poisoning techniques.
Populations of three native species of mammals, two introduced species of mammals and three native families of reptiles were monitored one year before and three years after predator control. Fencing, shooting, poisoning and trapping were used to eradicate feral cats and foxes from a 12 km^2 area on the northern end of Heirisson Prong peninsula. Such intensive control led to a rapid decline in spotlight counts of foxes (from 0.162 ± 0.052 foxes.km^-1 in December 1989 to <0.010 foxes.km^-1 after December 1991) and a rise, followed by a slow decline in spotlight counts of feral cats (from 0.063 ± 0.034 cats.km^-1 in December 1989 to 0.131 ± 0.013 cats.km^-1 in February 1992, declining to 0.000 - 0.050 cats.km^-1 after July 1992). A buffer zone of 200 km^2 immediately south of the fenced area was baited twice a year with dried meat baits containing sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) to reduce the chance of foxes reaching the barrier fence. This level of control was effective against foxes, but not against feral cats. Spotlight counts of foxes declined (0.015 ± 0.010 foxes.km^-1 in March 1990 to 0.000 foxes km^-1 in April 1991) while spotlight counts of feral cats rose three-fold (0.059 ± 0.012 cats.km^-1 in April 1991 to 0.184 ± 0.081 cats.km^-1 in March 1994). Spotlight surveys of a third area, in which no feral cat or fox control was conducted, showed only seasonal fluctuations (peaks in summer, lows in winter). The effect of different densities of feral cats and foxes upon the abundance of small mammals and reptiles (< 50 g) was assessed using pitfall traps to monitor the capture rates of these animals. Concurrently, the diet of feral cats and foxes was assessed by analysing gut contents. Populations of rabbits (~1.5 kg), an exotic prey item for feral cats and foxes, were monitored during spotlight surveys of feral cats and foxes.
Mammals were the most important group of prey to both predators, but native rodents were more important to feral cats than to foxes. The capture rates of native mammals increased following the removal of feral cats and foxes from Heirisson Prong (42 mammals trapped in June 1990 vs. 93 mammals in July 1994). declined by 80% where spotlight counts of feral cats rose following fox control (55 mammals in March 1990 vs. 7 in March 1994) and remained low, but steady, where feral cats and foxes were not controlled. The strongest responses were shown by the ash-grey mouse and the sandy inland mouse, which are known to spend up to 61% of their time foraging in open habitat, and were therefore more likely to encounter predators. Reptiles were not as important as native mammals in the diet of both cats and foxes and did not appear to show the same trends in response to changes in predator density. Rabbits were important prey for both feral cats and foxes and their populations appear to be regulated by both the onset of seasonal rainfall and predation by feral cats and foxes.
Research into trapping and poison baiting techniques targeting feral cats assessed four different types of traps, a range of lures and four types of poison baits. The most effective trap tested at Heirisson Prong was the Victor Soft Catch® trap (No. 1.5) (0.86 feral cats per 100 trap nights) and the lure with the best performance used at trap-sites at Heirisson Prong was the social scent lure. Pro’s Choice. Four methods of poison baiting were tested on a radio-collared population of feral cats, ranging from nine cats in the first trial, to eight cats in the second and third, to seven cats in the fourth. The baits tested were dried meat baits, baiting rabbits to kill cats through secondary poisoning, a fishmeal-based bait and a semi-dried meat bait coated in the flavour enhancer Digest. Only one radio-collared cat, whose home range included a rubbish tip, died after eating a fishmeal-based bait. Such a low kill rate in this series of bait trials suggests that none of the methods of poison baiting tested could be recommended for the control of feral cats in semi-arid Australia.
This study at Heirisson Prong represents the first experimental field study which manipulated densities of feral cats and foxes to show that feral cats can have a negative impact on populations of small native mammals. It showed that selective control of foxes alone was deleterious to populations of small native rodents, because feral cats, which included more small mammals in their diet than foxes, increased in abundance when relieved from the possible competitive and/or predatory forces exerted by foxes. Techniques are already established for the control of fox.es in many parts of Australia, but in the absence of an effective poison bait to control feral cats, options to control populations of feral cats are limited to trapping using Victor Soft Catch® traps (No. 1.5) baited with a social scent lure such as Pro’s Choice in small areas such as fenced reserves or offshore islands. Finally, monitoring both predator and prey populations should be considered as an essential element in all predator control campaigns to ensure that the desired outcome is achieved.
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Hall, Lucas Keith. "The Influence of Anthropogenic Development of Water on Coyotes and Kit Foxes in the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3474.
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Anthropogenic provisioning of water (water developments) to enhance abundance and distribution of wildlife is a common management practice in arid regions where water is limiting. Despite the long-term and widespread use of water developments, little is known about how they influence distribution, competition dynamics, and behavior of native species. To elucidate the potential influences of water developments on native species, we tested hypotheses concerning the occurrence and behavior of native kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis). First, we tested the indirect effect of water hypothesis (IEWH) which proposes that water developments negatively affect the arid-adapted kit fox by enabling a water-dependent competitor (i.e., coyote; Canis latrans) to expand distribution in arid landscapes. We tested the two predictions of the IEWH (i.e., coyotes will visit areas with water more frequently and kit foxes will avoid coyotes) and evaluated relative use of water by canids in the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts from 2010 to 2012. We established scent stations in areas with (wet) and without (dry) water and monitored visitation by canids to scent stations and water sources using infrared-triggered cameras. There was no difference in the proportions of visits to scent stations in wet or dry areas by coyotes or kit foxes at either study area. There was no correlation between visits to scent stations by coyotes and kit foxes. Visitation to water sources was not different for coyotes between study areas, but kit foxes visited water sources more in Mojave than Great Basin. The intense visitation to water by kit foxes in Mojave challenges our understanding that this species does not readily drink water. Our results did not support the IEWH in the Great Basin or Mojave Deserts for these two canids. Second, we tested three hypotheses that have been proposed to explain spatial variation in vigilance behavior. The predator-vigilance hypothesis (PVH) proposes that prey increase vigilance where there is evidence of predators. The visibility-vigilance hypothesis (VVH) suggests that prey increase vigilance where detection of predators is impeded or visibility is obstructed. The refuge-vigilance hypothesis (RVH) proposes that prey may perceive areas with low visibility (greater cover) as refuges and decrease vigilance. We evaluated support for these hypotheses using the kit fox, a solitary carnivore subject to intraguild predation, as a model. From 2010 to 2012, we used infrared-triggered cameras to record video of kit fox behavior at water developments in the Mojave Desert. The RVH explained more variation in vigilance behavior of kit foxes than the other two hypotheses (AICc model weight = 0.37). Kit foxes were less vigilant at water developments with low overhead cover (refuge) obstructing visibility. Based on our results, the PVH and VVH may not be applicable to all species of prey. Solitary prey, unlike gregarious prey, may use areas with concealing cover to maximize resource acquisition and minimize vigilance.
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Molsher, Robyn L. "The ecology of feral cats, Felis catus, in open forest in New South Wales interactions with food resources and foxes /." Connect to this title online, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/411.
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Krauth, Alinta. "More-than-human creative practice: Approaches to making interactive and digital art as enrichment for wild flying foxes and domesticated dogs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235060/1/Alinta_Krauth_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores animal enrichment as a potential basis for interactive and digital art made for use between humans and other species, focusing on domestic dogs and wild flying foxes in rehabilitation care. Its methods are practice-based and incorporate creative practice and animal-computer interaction design. Its findings look towards the future of interactive art and aesthetics as ethical actions of care and enrichment towards other species.