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Journal articles on the topic "Fox baiting"
1
Körtner, Gerhard, Shaan Gresser, and Bob Harden. "Does fox baiting threaten the spotted-tailed quoll, Dasyurus maculatus?" Wildlife Research 30, no. 2 (2003): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02107.
Full textAbstract:
In Australia, baiting with 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) is widely used to reduce predation of native wildlife by the red fox. However, such control programs may place some native carnivores at risk, particularly the spotted-tailed quoll in eastern Australia. We measured the mortality in a total of 57 quolls fitted with mortality radio-transmitters during four experimental fox baitings with Foxoff® 1080 baits containing Rhodamine B in north-east New South Wales. In all experiments quolls visited bait stations regularly and removed a total of 20 baits. All but one of these baits was found in the vicinity of the bait station, indicating that quolls did not ingest baits. This was confirmed by the absence of Rhodamine B in the vibrissae of all quolls retrapped after baiting. The only quoll that may have died from a bait had eaten a cached bait some six weeks after baiting concluded. Thus, baiting did not threaten any of the quoll populations sampled. Therefore it appears that most restrictions imposed to protect spotted-tailed quolls during fox baiting are unnecessary as long as this bait type is used.
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Bengsen, Andrew. "Effects of coordinated poison-baiting programs on survival and abundance in two red fox populations." Wildlife Research 41, no. 3 (2014): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13202.
Full textAbstract:
Context Poison-baiting programs coordinated among neighbouring landholders should provide the most effective and efficient tool for controlling fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations and impacts in mixed agricultural landscapes, but the effects of such programs on fox mortality and abundance have not been well described. Aims This study aimed to describe the effects of coordinated fox-control programs conducted by landholders on fox mortality and abundance, and to evaluate the likely impacts of reduced landholder participation rates on the proportion of the fox population exposed to baits. Methods The effects of two baiting programs on fox abundance were evaluated using camera-trap surveys and abundance-induced heterogeneity models. The proportion of foxes surviving baiting was estimated by tracking the fate of 19 GPS-collared individuals. The benefits of coordinated baiting were examined using simulated scenarios based on local fox movements and bait distribution patterns. Key results Examination of actual and simulated fox home ranges demonstrated that coordinated baiting increases exposure of the target population to baits. However, 69% of foxes captured on properties that later baited were estimated to have survived the baiting period. Camera-trap surveys across baited and unbaited properties showed no detectable decline in average fox abundance after baiting. Conclusions Coordinated baiting increases the proportion of the fox population encountering baited properties. However, high fox survival and the absence of detectable declines in abundance after baiting showed that even well coordinated baiting programs can produce suboptimal results if many of the foxes using baited properties fail to locate and ingest lethal baits. Implications Baiting programs aiming to reduce the density and impacts of foxes in agricultural landscapes should strive to maximise participation among neighbours. Programs may also benefit from taking steps to improve bait-encounter and consumption rates within properties, for example, by deploying baits at sufficient intensity to provide all foxes with access to at least one bait within their short-term home range. Future research should aim to identify optimal baiting intensities within properties and conditions to maximise bait uptake.
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McLeod, Lynette J., Glen R. Saunders, Steven R. McLeod, Michelle Dawson, and Remy van de Ven. "The potential for participatory landscape management to reduce the impact of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) on lamb production." Wildlife Research 37, no. 8 (2010): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10082.
Full textAbstract:
ContextRed fox (Vulpes vulpes) predation has an impact on populations of many species throughout its range worldwide, and as such, the red fox is the target of control programs. AimsWe investigated the potential for participatory landscape management to reduce the impact of fox predation on a major prey species, lambs. MethodsThe present study monitored fox-management programs already operating across 4.5 million hectares of regional New South Wales to compare the impact of varying (frequency and spatial coverage) control effort on lamb survival. Key resultsThe frequency and timing of fox control was correlated with lamb survival. Lamb survival was higher in areas where fox baiting was carried out twice a year, in autumn and late winter/spring. Spatial coverage of the control program was also positively correlated with lamb survival. Properties that had near neighbours (up to 2.5 km away) participating in group fox-control programs had higher survival of lambs than properties that did not. ConclusionsThese results support the development of a high level of group participation in fox-control programs that considers both spatial extent and frequency of baiting programs. They also support a movement away from the reactionary, short-term practice of baiting small areas to protect vulnerable prey. ImplicationsCoordinated group-baiting programs are likely to deliver improved lamb survival and should be promoted in areas where ongoing control programs for foxes are necessary.
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Berry, Oliver, Jack Tatler, Neil Hamilton, Steffi Hilmer, Yvette Hitchen, and Dave Algar. "Slow recruitment in a red-fox population following poison baiting: a non-invasive mark–recapture analysis." Wildlife Research 40, no. 7 (2013): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13073.
Full textAbstract:
Context Optimal management of invasive species should determine the interval between lethal-control operations that will sustain a desired population suppression at minimum cost. This requires an understanding of the species’ rate of recruitment following control. These data are difficult to acquire for vertebrate carnivores such as the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), which are not readily trapped or observed. Aims To provide a long-term evaluation of the effects of 1080 poison baiting on the abundance and extent of movement of red foxes in a semiarid environment. Methods We used non‐invasive DNA sampling of fox hairs in semi-arid Western Australia where the population was subject to two episodes of aerially delivered sodium fluoroacetate (1080) poison baits within 12 months. Sampling took place at ~45-day intervals and individual foxes were identified by genotyping eight microsatellite DNA markers and a gender-specific marker. Open-population and spatially explicit mark–recapture models were used to estimate the density, apparent survival and movements of foxes before and following baiting. Key results Following a severe reduction in density after baiting, fox density during the ensuing 12 months increased slowly (0.01 foxes km–2 month–1), such that density had only reached 22% of pre-baiting levels ~10 months after the initial baiting. Moreover, recovery was non‐linear as population growth was negligible for 6 months, then exhibited a nine-fold increase 7–9 months after control, coincident with the dispersal of juveniles in autumn. Fox movements between recaptures were on average 470% greater after baiting than before, in line with expectations for low-density populations, suggesting that the probability of encountering baits during this period would be higher than before baiting. Conclusions Baiting with 1080 poison significantly reduced the density of foxes, and the low density was sustained for more than 6 months. Foxes moved significantly further between recaptures after baiting when at low densities. Implications Control programs in this region may be carried out at low frequency to suppress fox density to a fraction of unbaited levels. The intensity of follow-up baiting may also be adjusted downwards, to take account of an increased probability of bait encounter in more mobile foxes.
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Roberts, Michael W., Nick Dexter, Paul D. Meek, Matt Hudson, and William A. Buttemer. "Does baiting influence the relative composition of the diet of foxes?" Wildlife Research 33, no. 6 (2006): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05009.
Full textAbstract:
The changes in the diet of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Jervis Bay Region was assessed following a long-term baiting program by analysing the composition of fox faecal excreta (scats). In all, 470 fox scats were collected between April and August 2003 from two baited sites, Booderee National Park (BNP) and Beecroft Peninsula, and from two unbaited sites in the southern and northern parts of Jervis Bay National Park (SJBNP and NJBNP respectively). Diet was compared between these sites and mammalian diet was also compared from scats collected before baiting in 1996 and after baiting in 2000 at Beecroft Peninsula and in 2001 at Booderee National Park. In 2003, the most common species consumed by foxes was the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), except at unbaited NJBNP, where the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) was the most frequent dietary item. Significant dietary differences were found between unbaited and baited sites, with the long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) and P. peregrinus featuring more in the diet of foxes from the baited sites. Marked increases in the frequency of occurrence of P. peregrinus and P. nasuta in fox scats occurred from before baiting through to after baiting. Relative fox abundance, as indexed by the number of scats collected per kilometre, was lowest in Booderee, followed by Beecroft, then SJBNP, with NJBNP having the highest relative abundance of foxes. We suggest that baiting did affect the diet of foxes on both peninsulas and that the dietary changes across baiting histories were intrinsically related to an increase in abundance in some taxa as a result of relaxed predator pressure following sustained fox control. However, the lack of unbaited control sites over the whole study precludes a definitive conclusion.
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Towerton, Alison L., Christopher R. Dickman, Rodney P. Kavanagh, and Trent D. Penman. "Control of the red fox in remnant forest habitats." Wildlife Research 43, no. 2 (2016): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15133.
Full textAbstract:
Context The European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is subject to control by poison baiting in many parts of its range in Australia to protect both native and domestic species. Assessments of baiting programs can improve their effectiveness and help ensure that long-term control outcomes are achieved. Aims We describe spatial and temporal patterns of bait uptake by the red fox in remnant forest within an agricultural matrix, including multiple bait-takes and hotspots of activity over time, and examine the response of foxes to baiting operations. Methods We analysed bait uptake (Foxoff®) from 12 baiting operations over 5 years in the Goonoo forest, a 62 500 ha remnant surrounded by cleared land in central New South Wales, Australia. More than 8000 checks of bait-stations were analysed to provide indices of fox activity per bait-check, patterns of bait removal during bait-checks, and bait uptake at stations within and across operations. Fox activity was also assessed before and after four operations using sand plots. Key results There was no consistent decline in relative fox activity in relation to changes in bait-take; increases in the activity index occurred in successive checks within most operations. Spatial analyses of checks within control operations showed that consecutive baits were removed at more than 70% of bait stations that were visited by foxes. Temporal analyses showed further that within an operation, multiple bait-takes occurred at ~20% of stations and, across all operations, hot spots of activity could be identified. Conclusions A short (2-week) baiting window in standard baiting operations may not be effective in reducing the activity of foxes across the landscape. It is likely that many baits are being cached during each operation, and that foxes move into the baited area from unbaited surrounding areas. Implications More frequent and timely baiting operations are needed to achieve maximum disruption to the fox population in the remnant forest environment, at least as indicated by patterns of bait-take. Increasing the distance between baits, to ~1.5 km, while reducing baiting-gaps at the landscape scale, will also be important to reduce caching and still ensure that baits are encountered.
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Priddel, David, and Robert Wheeler. "Efficacy of Fox Control in Reducing the Mortality of Released Captive-reared Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata." Wildlife Research 24, no. 4 (1997): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96094.
Full textAbstract:
The effectiveness of localised, high-intensity fox baiting in reducing the incidence of fox predation was examined after captive-reared malleefowl were released and their survival monitored. Malleefowl released into baited areas survived longer than those released into nearby areas that had not been baited. Survival in both baited and non-baited areas was greater than that prior to any fox control. Of those malleefowl released, 29% were still alive three months later, whereas prior to fox control almost all were killed by foxes within a month of release. Despite the improvement in survival of malleefowl, fox predation remained the primary cause of malleefowl mortality. The number of baits taken by foxes indicated a large fox population and a high level of reinfestation. A more widespread, but less intensive, regime of baiting failed to further enhance the survival of malleefowl. Malleefowl were also particularly vulnerable to predation by raptors in habitats where the mallee was interspersed with areas of open woodland, and where the understorey was sparse. Fox baiting will need to be frequent, intensive and widespread to reduce fox density to levels where predation no longer threatens the survival or recovery of malleefowl populations.
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Carter, Andrew, and Gary W. Luck. "Fox baiting in agricultural landscapes: preliminary findings on the importance of bait-site selection." Wildlife Research 40, no. 3 (2013): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12169.
Full textAbstract:
Context Little is known about the importance of bait-site selection during lethal fox-baiting programmes. Improved bait placement may increase the efficacy of baiting and help reduce fox impacts on wildlife and livestock. Aims To determine whether bait uptake by the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) differed among five landscape elements (roadsides, fence lines, open paddocks, creek lines and remnant vegetation) and at sites with high or low habitat (ground cover) complexity. Methods We measured bait uptake at 300 bait stations distributed evenly among the landscape elements in agricultural landscapes in northern Victoria, Australia. Bait uptake was also compared between sites with low and high habitat complexity in districts subject to no fox control and annual fox control. Key results Among landscape elements, bait uptake was significantly higher in roadside vegetation and along vegetated creek lines than it was along fence lines and in open paddocks (P < 0.05 in each case). Within roadside vegetation, bait uptake was significantly (P = 0.001) lower at sites with a high habitat complexity than at sites with low complexity, particularly in areas subject to annual fox control. Conclusions Bait placement influences bait-uptake rates considerably and greater consideration should be placed on bait-site selection during fox-baiting programmes. Habitat complexity limited bait uptake, which may indicate a reduced capacity of foxes to find baits in complex habitats. Implications Our results should help improve bait-site selection in agricultural landscapes and may increase the efficacy of fox baiting to the benefit of native fauna and livestock.
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Dexter, Nick, and Paul Meek. "An analysis of bait-take and non-target impacts during a fox-control exercise." Wildlife Research 25, no. 2 (1998): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97020.
Full textAbstract:
The effectiveness of a fox-control exercise at the Beecroft Peninsula, New South Wales, was evaluated by examining the change in proportion of baits taken during free-feeding and after lethal baiting in four different habitats (heath, forest, coastal scrub, beach), and the change in number of radio-collared foxes alive during the course of the baiting exercise. The change in proportion of baits taken by non-target species was also examined over the course of the study. Bait take declined by 97% from the initiation of poison baiting to the final day of poison baiting eight days later with significantly more baits being taken in heath than in any other habitat. Four out of six radio-collared foxes died on the first day of poison baiting while the other two foxes died within ten days of the start of the poison-baiting session. Black rats, currawongs and ravens took a small number of baits throughout the baiting exercise.
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Thompson, JA, and PJS Fleming. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of 1080 Poisoning of Red Foxes Using Visitation to Non-Toxic Baits as an Index of Fox Abundance." Wildlife Research 21, no. 1 (1994): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940027.
Full textAbstract:
Visits of foxes to non-toxic baits were used to derive fox abundance indices at 4 sites in north-eastern New South Wales. A 1080 (sodium fluoracetate) poisoning campaign resulted in a mean population reduction of 69.5% (s.d. = 4.9). Fox densities before baiting, calculated using the index-removal-index method, ranged from 4.55 to 7.16 foxes km-2. Visitation to non-toxic baits is recommended as a reliable estimate of relative density. This study investigated the efficacy of 1080 baiting as a technique for the control of foxes in tableland environments. The implications of the estimated fox densities and population reductions on fox control in agricultural areas and in the context of rabies are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fox baiting"
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Gentle, Matthew Nikolai. "Factors Affecting The Efficiency Of Fox (Vulpes Vulpes) Baiting Practices On The Central Tablelands Of New South Wales." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/890.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)The European red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) is a well known predator of native species and domestic stock, and is recognised as one of Australia’s most devastating vertebrate pests. Current fox management relies heavily on poisoning using baits impregnated with sodium monofluoroacetate (1080). This reliance on 1080 is likely to continue given the lack of viable alternatives for controlling foxes, so that, in the meanwhile, it is important to improve the efficiency of the current techniques. Factors affecting the susceptibility of individual foxes to bait include their ability to locate it, as well as the bait’s palatability and toxicity. The economic costs associated with using different bait types, the pattern and density of their distribution will also affect the efficiency of control programs. It is essential to examine and refine all such issues to ensure efficient use of the 1080 baiting technique. This thesis focuses generally on problems associated with management of the fox in eastern Australia. More specifically, I investigate the factors affecting the efficiency of fox baiting practices on the central tablelands of New South Wales. The study was conducted largely on agricultural lands near the town of Molong (33010’ 37”S, 148087’15”E) on the central tablelands of New South Wales. This area was chosen as it is broadly representative, in terms of land use, of a large region of eastern Australia. The highly modified, predominantly agricultural landscapes near Molong are well suited to foxes, and conflict with the predominantly pastoral community means that fox management is widely undertaken. I determined the persistence of 1080 in two commonly used bait types, Foxoff® and chicken wingettes, under different climatic and rainfall conditions. The rate of 1080 degradation did not change significantly between the central tablelands and the relatively hotter and drier western slopes. Foxoff® baits remained lethal for longer than wingettes under all conditions, although their rate of degradation generally increased with increasing rainfall. I confirmed the presence of defluorinating micro-organisms in thesoils of eastern Australia for the first time, and suggest that, following removal from the bait, 1080 would not persist in the environment for long. Bait should be attractive and highly palatable to ensure that the target species will find and consume it upon discovery. Caching, where discovered food is removed but not immediately consumed, may potentially reduce the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of baiting campaigns. I quantified the caching of chicken wingette, day-old chick and Foxoff® baits by inserting transmitters into bait material and assessing whether it was eaten or cached following removal. The intensity of caching did not change significantly between seasons. Type of bait had the largest influence on caching intensity, with a greater percentage of non-toxic Foxoff® baits (66.9%) being cached than either wingettes (5.7%) or day-old chicks (4.5%). The percentage of toxic (1080) baits cached was even greater, suggesting that 1080 bait may be less palatable, and detectable to foxes. I also investigated the use of conditioned taste aversion to reduce multiple bait uptake by foxes. Levamisole, an illness-inducing chemical, was added to bait and the fate of removed bait was again monitored via radio-telemetry. Following consumption of a levamisole-treated bait, foxes avoided eating treated baits but consumed untreated baits. I concluded that a reduction in bait consumption was achieved through learned aversion to levamisole rather than via conditioned taste aversion to baits. Adding levamisole to baits, especially non-toxic bait such as rabies vaccines, could potentially be used to reduce bait monopolisation by individual foxes. Fox density and den site preferences were assessed by investigating the distribution and density of fox natal dens on one property (9.6 km2) over three consecutive years. A total of 9 natal dens were located in 2000 and 2001, declining to 6 in 2002. No preference was shown for den sites on the basis of habitat, slope or aspect, but more dens were located under, or adjacent to cover. Assuming that each natal den represents a breeding pair and that the population sex ratio did not differ from parity (1:1), the site contained a prebreeding density of 1.9 foxes/km2 in 2000 and 2001, and 1.25 foxes/km2 in 2002. Given that the mean number of cubs is 4.0, the post-breeding density was estimated at 5.6 and 3.75 foxes/km2 in 2000/2001 and 2002, respectively. The results demonstrated that high densities of foxes occur on agricultural lands. The success and likely accuracy of the technique to monitor fox density suggests that it may be used to calibrate more efficient abundance estimates that will be essential for the strategic management of foxes in future. Pest animal management strategies are traditionally assessed for their effectiveness, with less consideration being given to the efficiency or cost of achieving the desired effect. I used cost-effectiveness analyses to compare between different baiting strategies based on the longevity, palatability and handling/replacement costs associated with each bait type. The results indicated that, when measured on a total cost-per-bait-consumed basis, wingettes and day-old chicks were the most cost-effective baits for campaigns of up to 4 weeks duration. This demonstrates the importance of including the longevity, and particularly the palatability of bait, when assessing cost-effectiveness. However, it is recognised that other factors, including the consistency of dosage and uptake by nontarget species, may be equally or more important in deciding the appropriate baiting strategy. The spatial and temporal application of fox baiting in the region overseen by the Molong Rural Lands Protection Board was examined between January 1998 and December 2002 as a case study to evaluate the apparent effectiveness of cooperative management practices. Most landholders (78.8%) did not bait for foxes during this period. Based on known dispersal distances, the effect of fox immigration into baited areas was determined. The results indicated that no areas baited for foxes were separated by a sufficient buffer distance (>9.58 km) from unbaited areas to be protected from fox immigration. This suggests that, at current levels of coordination, the effectiveness of most baiting operations in eastern Australia is compromised over the long term by fox immigration. However, it is recognised that short-term reductions in fox density may sometimes be all that are required to reduce predation to acceptable levels, especially for seasonally-susceptible prey. Ultimately, the cost-effectiveness of control should be evaluated in terms of the response of the prey rather than that of the predator. This study has highlighted deficiencies in current ‘best-practice’ baiting techniques. Specific recommendations for current baiting practices, in addition to future research, are also given. In brief, these include minimising free-feed baiting, increasing the minimum distance between bait stations, and, where possible, presenting the most palatable bait. Continued research into conditioned taste aversion, aerial baiting, and techniques to reduce caching are recommended as potential techniques to improve the efficiency of baiting practices.
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Greentree, Carolyn, and n/a. "Experimental evaluation of fox control and the impact of foxes on lambs." University of Canberra. Science &Design, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060713.101158.
Full textAbstract:
Baiting with sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) to protect lambs (Ovis aries)
from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) has become more frequent in NSW and other parts
of Australia during the last 10 years despite the lack of reported evidence evaluating
the effects of fox baiting on lamb survival. NSW Agriculture has developed fox
control recommendations aimed at minimising impact, but these guidelines have not
been tested experimentally. Defining the extent of a pest problem and the
effectiveness of pest control are key components of a strategic approach to vertebrate
pest management as it is the damage of pests that justifies their control.
This thesis describes an experimental evaluation of the recommended practice
of fox control in NSW. The effects of three levels of fox control were tested in the
experiment; no treatment, baiting once a year before lambing (the recommended
practice) and baiting three times a year (thought to be the maximum farmers would
instigate). Each treatment had two replicates. No previous manipulative experiment
using synchronous controls and matched replicates has been undertaken to test the
effects. The study quantifies the level of fox predation on healthy lambs and the level
of predation on lambs that had other causes including illness and mismothering
contributing to this fox predation. It also examines the response of the fox
population, lamb predation and lambing outcomes to different levels of fox control.
The cost effectiveness of fox control is examined in relation to lamb predation and an
investigation of the optimum level of fox control is begun. The experiment also
provides the first chance to consider the examination of multiple response variables
and the scale of field ecology experiments required to recognise a significant response
and avoid a Type II error due to between replicate variability even with tightly
controlled site selection criteria to standardise experimental sites, and with the
synchrony of experimental control and treatment surveys.
The study occurred on five sheep properties near Boorowa (34°28'S,
148°32'E) and Murringo (34°18'S, 148°3 1'E) in south-eastern Australia. The terrain
was undulating to hilly with a maximum elevation of 660 m above sea level. The main
agricultural enterprises in the district are Merino wool, fat lamb and beef cattle
production and winter cereal cropping. The native vegetation of Eucalyptus
woodland has been mostly cleared, though remnant patches occur. Most of the area
is now sown with pasture of Phalaris tuberosa, Lolium spp. and clover Trifolium
spp.. The experimental properties grazed self-replacing Merino flocks, primarily for
wool production, so lamb survival was vital to the economic operation of the farm.
Over 50 selection criteria including lamb survival rates, ewe fertility and bloodline,
sheep management practices, climate and habitat features that affect lamb survival,
past fox control practices and prey species were used to select sites Sites were
representative of most sheep farming properties in the region, but were also extremely
similar in factors that affected fox abundance and ewe and lamb survival, thus
minimising variation between replicate sites.
The manufactured meat baits used to poison foxes contained 3 mg of sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080). A replacement baiting program was carried
out in 1995 and 1996. Fox control programs were carried out over the experimental
units and adjacent buffer zones covering approximately two fox territories,
approximately 6km2, around the lambing paddock under study. The recommended fox
control practices described by NSW Agriculture also included neighbouring farmers
taking part in an extended group baiting program. In all the area baited at varying
intensities totalled 3400 km2. Synchronised lambing with neighbours was a further
recommended practice to reduce fox predation and was carried out on these sites.
Lambing occurred during a six to eight week period in late winter on all sites, a
practice known as 'spring lambing', and on many surrounding properties so a surplus
of lambs was available to foxes over a relatively short time.
The benefits of fox control were measured directly as enhanced lamb survival
derived from differences in lamb marking rates between ultrasounded flocks of
approximately 1000 ewes and the predation of lambs was measured from over 2000
lamb carcases post-mortemed in 1994, 1995 and 1996. A mean of 138 lambs were
expected at ultrasounding from 100 ewes and 113 lambs per 100 ewes were alive at
lamb marking.
There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of fox control on lambing
performance (the number of lambs per 100 ewes that lambed) Fox predation was
inferred as the cause of lamb death in a minimum of 0.8% and a maximum of 5.3% of
lamb carcases during 1995 and 1996. There was a significant (P<0 05) effect of fox
control on the minimum possible percentage of lamb carcases classified as healthy
lambs killed by foxes, with the percentage declining from 1.50% (no fox control), to
0.90% (fox control once per year) to 0.25% (fox control three times per year). There
was also a significant (P<0.005) effect of fox control on the maximum possible
percentage of lamb carcases classified as healthy lambs killed by foxes with the
percentage declining from 10.25% (no fox control), to 6.50% (fox control once per
year) to 3.75% (fox control three times per year). The observed results were used to
estimate the number of treatment replicates needed to be confident of detecting an
effect of predator control on lamb marking performance. The estimated numbers
were very high if small effects were to be detected. No significant correlation
between the fox density and the minimum and maximum possible number of lambs
carcases classified as killed by foxes was found. Bait uptake was monitored as were
the costs of fox control.
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Jones, Stephen A. "Optimising baiting strategies for the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401054.
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Flamholz, David B. "Baiting for defense against stealthy attacks on cyber-physical systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121858.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64).
The goal of this thesis is to develop a defense methodology for a cyber-physical system (CPS) by which an attempted stealthy cyber-attack is detected in near real time. Improvements in networked communication have enabled vast and complex dynamic control systems to exploit networked control schemes to seamlessly integrate parts and processes. These cyber-physical systems exhibit a level of flexibility that was previously unavailable but also introduce communication channels that are vulnerable to outside interference and malicious intervention. This thesis considers the effects of a type of stealthy attack on a class of CPS that can be modeled as linear time-invariant systems. The effects of this attack are studied from both the perspective of the attacker as well as the defender. A previously developed method for conducting stealthy attacks is introduced and analyzed.
This method consists of injecting malicious actuation signals into the control input of a CPS and then designing a sensor attack to conceal the effect of the actuator attack. The result is an attack that cannot be detected upon inspection of the Kalman filter residual. Successful implementation of this attack is shown to require the attacker to attain perfect model knowledge in order for the attack to be stealthy. Based on the execution of past attacks on CPS, this thesis proposes an attacker who starts their attack by "fishing" for critical and confidential system information such as the model parameters. A method is then proposed in which the defender attempts to feed the attacker a slightly falsified model, baiting the fishing attacker with data that will make an attack detectable. Because the attacker's model is no longer correct, their attack design will induce a mean-shift in the Kalman filter residual, breaking the stealthiness of the original attack formula.
It is then shown that the defender can not only detect this faulty attack, but use observations of the Kalman filter residual to regain more accurate state estimates, mitigating the effect of the attack.
by David B. Flamholz.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Glenn, Grady J. "Termite baiting system technology: utilization and evaluation for integrated management of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) subterranean termite populations, with seasonal variation and spatial patterns exhibited in foraging strategies." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3044.
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Commercial termite baiting systems were utilized and evaluated under real-world conditions in order to provide a comparison of efficacy in the management of subterranean termites. Three commercial termite baiting systems available for comparison included: FirstLine® (FMC Corp.), Sentricon® (Dow AgroSciences), and Terminate® (United Industries, Inc). The time required for foraging termites to locate and begin feeding on both the Sentricon® and the Terminate® bait stations was approximately one-half the time required to locate and begin feeding on the FirstLine® system, for both R. flavipes and C. formosanus. The time required for C. formosanus to locate and begin feeding on all termite baiting systems was approximately one-half the time required for R. flavipes. There were no significant differences in efficacy between the three baiting treatment systems against R. flavipes, with a mean of 84% efficacy for all systems. The Sentricon® system was able to achieve efficacy (88%) results with few additional residual liquid termiticide treatments. FirstLine® efficacy (80%) and Terminate® efficacy (84%) results required initial and subsequent multiple spot treatments with residual termiticide for comparable results. The Sentricon® baiting system yielded positive results in the management of C. formosanus, if utilized in an aggressive, active management program, involving multiple supplementary in-ground and above-ground bait stations at both points of active infestation and at areas with conditions conducive to infestation. Optimum results were achieved when monitoring of the bait stations occurred twice each month, rather than the standard monthly monitoring regime. The two termite baiting systems with Sulfluramid as the active ingredient required spot treatments with termiticides in order to protect the structures. Grids of bait stations were installed and termite activity and foraging strategies were monitored for a five-year period. Treatment with sulfluramid required 472 active ingredient tubes, over a 37-month period, in order to reduce subterranean termite populations. Observations of seasonal variation and spatial patterns of foraging by native subterranean termites, R. flavipes, in a typical urban/suburban setting provided information with direct application to an effective termite baiting system program.
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Greenwood, Matthew E. "Co-baiting for spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis, Kirby, and western balsam bark beetles, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, Coleoptera, scolytidae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37539.pdf.
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Johnson, Regina. "Stream baiting for sudden oak death : fluvial transport and ecohydrology of the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in Western Washington State /." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2008. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/2008Johnson_RMMESthesis.pdf.
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Baitan, Daniela-Paraschiva [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Betzel. "Analyzing Crystal Growth Phenomena and Mechanisms for the Production and Optimization of Protein Crystals for Serial Crystallography / Daniela-Paraschiva Baitan ; Betreuer: Christian Betzel." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170872999/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Fox baiting"
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Organization, World Health. WHO/APHIS consultation on baits and baiting delivery systems for oral immunization of wildlife againstrabies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 10-12 July, 1990. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1990.
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Lorence, James J. Telling the Story. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037559.003.0007.
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This chapter examines how Jencks' reassignment in 1951 to service Clifton-Morenci from his Silver City base resulted in a substantial disruption of their home life and normal work routines. For Virginia, this change threatened an especially devastating blow, since it became clear that she was expected to follow her husband wherever his duties took him. Although Virginia was fully aware of union spouses' acceptance of subordinate roles, she considered Mine-Mill's relegation of her work to the status of helpmate altogether “unpalatable.” Furthermore, one major challenge Jencks and Local 890 faced in the early 1950s involved continued Red-baiting in loose coordination with ongoing steelworkers' raiding of Mine-Mill jurisdictions.
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Tribalization of Politics: How Rush Limbaugh's Race-Baiting Rhetoric on the Obama Presidency Paved the Way for Trump. Ig Publishing, Incorporated, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fox baiting"
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de Tores, Paul J., and Nicky Marlow. "The Relative Merits of Predator-Exclusion Fencing and Repeated Fox Baiting for Protection of Native Fauna: Five Case Studies from Western Australia." In Fencing for Conservation, 21–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0902-1_3.
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Bowen, Brian M., Shlomo Hershkop, Angelos D. Keromytis, and Salvatore J. Stolfo. "Baiting Inside Attackers Using Decoy Documents." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 51–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05284-2_4.
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Ekesi, Sunday. "Baiting and Male Annihilation Techniques for Fruit Fly Suppression in Africa." In Fruit Fly Research and Development in Africa - Towards a Sustainable Management Strategy to Improve Horticulture, 275–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43226-7_13.
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Hwang, Katie L., and Wolfram Goessling. "Baiting for Cancer: Using the Zebrafish as a Model in Liver and Pancreatic Cancer." In Cancer and Zebrafish, 391–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_17.
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Bérubé, Allan. "No Race-Baiting, Red-Baiting, or Queer-Baiting!" In My Desire for History, 294–320. University of North Carolina Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9780807877982_berube.19.
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Griffin, Emma. "Bull-baiting: intellectual history." In England's Revelry. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263211.003.0005.
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This chapter attempts to establish the extent of concern for animal suffering during eighteenth-century England. An intellectual history of this sport is provided. It looks at the rapid emergence of hostile criticism about bull-baiting in the late eighteenth-century. The chapter also attempts to situate the outpouring of concern within the wider context of concern about animal cruelty.
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Kraus, Karl. "Goebbels, Manipulative Modernism, and Bucolic Jew-Baiting." In The Third Walpurgis Night, 26–34. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300236002.003.0004.
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This chapter turns to Goebbels. During this time, “Everything that motivates and inspires the German people,” prescribed by Goebbels as the products of the nation's creativity, was beginning to take shape. The leadership was well advised when it chose as Propaganda Minister a man who (like only Diebold before him) seems capable of stimulating tourism (currently the prime objective) as well as intellectual reconstruction. The man in charge of culture had it all at his fingertips. He was a master of all the literary buzzwords—those arcane abstractions every typewriter in Berlin spews out—and on occasion he even knew how to hit the polemical-satirical note. As for other forms of productivity, some of the nation's creative writers—those who have not exhausted themselves writing on the windows of Jewish shops on Boycott Day—had made a promising start. Polemical writing was given a fresh impetus, and topical verse that employs biting satire to get to grips with grievances was encouraged.
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Ritterhouse, Jennifer. "Conclusion." In Discovering the South. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630946.003.0012.
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This chapter shows how race-baiting, red-baiting, and white southern liberals' own ambivalence made it impossible for a broad-based coalition to lead an ongoing fight for democratic social change, despite the large number of people who had come together at the Southern Conference for Human Welfare (SCHW) in 1938. Activists like Virginia Durr lobbied for anti-poll tax bills in the early 1940s without success. Meanwhile, New Deal policies gave way to mobilization for World War II, which favoured the South with defense-related and infrastructure spending but did not challenge the Jim Crow system. Black civil rights activists like A. Philip Randolph and the lawyers of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) took the lead in a Long Civil Rights Movement that earlier efforts to bring change to the South had helped to make possible. Jonathan Daniels was never an activist but became increasingly supportive of civil rights initiatives after working as an aide to Franklin Roosevelt from 1943-1945. The chapter describes his wartime work and briefly traces the remainder of his career, including the reissue of A Southerner Discovers the South in 1970 and his death in 1981.
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Conteh, Nabie Y., and DeAngela “Dee” Sword. "The Dynamics of Social Engineering and Cybercrime in the Digital Age." In Ethical Hacking Techniques and Countermeasures for Cybercrime Prevention, 144–49. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6504-9.ch011.
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Social engineering attacks have emerged to become one of the most problematic tactics used against businesses today. Social engineers employ both human-based and computer-based tactics to successfully compromise their targeted networks. This chapter will discuss the basics of social engineering and what it means today. It will explain some common attack methods like baiting, phishing, pretexting, quid pro quo, tailgating, and dumpster diving. It will then highlight the impact social engineering has had on the rise in cybercrime and why threat actors have grown more innovative. Finally, this chapter will discuss what multi-layer defense or defense in depth is and offer countermeasures that can be enforced to defend against social engineering attacks.
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"PROTOCOL 01-13.1: Pear baiting for isolation of Phytophthora spp. from various substrates." In Laboratory Protocols for Phytophthora Species, edited by Daniel Hüberli, 1–3. The American Phytopathological Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544969.01.13.1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fox baiting"
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Khattab, S., S. Gobriel, R. Melhem, and D. Mosse. "Live Baiting for Service-Level DoS Attackers." In 27th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2007.43.
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Khattab, S., S. Gobriel, R. Melhem, and D. Mosse. "Live Baiting for Service-Level DoS Attackers." In IEEE INFOCOM 2008 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2008.43.
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Welzel, Kevin F. "RNAi and baiting: Novel techniques for Argentine ant control." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94727.
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Flamholz, David B., Anuradha M. Annaswamy, and Eugene Lavretsky. "Baiting For Defense Against Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems." In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2338.
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Chen, Chang-Nian, Ji-Tian Han, Li Shao, Tien-Chien Jen, and Yi-Hsin Yen. "Design of Equipment for Manufacturing Helically-Coiled Tubes and its Automatic Control System." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37146.
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A simple but accurate method for manufacturing helically-coiled tubes was proposed, and the manufacturing equipment and its automatic control system were designed. The main geometric parameters of helically-coiled tubes are determined exactly based on the theorem “three given points determine a circle” and the definition of the helix angle of helically-coiled tubes. The finished equipment primarily consists of the mechanical noumenon and the automatic control system. In this design, three die wheels A, B and C made of wearable steel are used to adjust the positions of the raw materials in order to determine the product geometric parameters expected in advance. Three servo motors working with precision linear sliding rheostat and PID closed-loop control functions drive the three wheels mentioned above in different directions. The parameter e determining the base circle diameter of coil diameter is obtained by adjusting the position of wheel C up and down, and the parameter e’ determining the helix angle is obtained by adjusting the relative distance between wheel B and wheel A in the helical axis direction. The whole manufacture process is automatically controlled by a piece of software compiled by Visual Basic, including the processes of baiting and cutting, installing wheels and calibration, motor controlling, bending tubes, and product inspection etc. The design parameters for manufacturing helically-coiled tubes using SUS304 stainless steel or other similar materials are tube diameters of 6–50 mm, coil diameters of 100–700 mm and helical pitches of 10–50 mm. A total of fourteen finished products were selected as random samples for inspection. The result showed that the average working velocity was about 0.6 m/min; the root mean square errors (RMSE) of coil diameter and helical pitch of finished products were 3.85 mm and 0.97 mm, respectively; and the maximum roundness error of tubes was only 0.09 mm.
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Chen, Xuedong, Zhichao Fan, Tao Chen, Shuangqing Xu, Guofu Ou, and Xiaoying Tang. "Thinking on Intelligent Design, Manufacture and Maintenance of Pressure Equipment in China." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93364.
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Abstract This paper introduces briefly China’s development plan for intelligent manufacturing, and combining with the present situation of design, manufacture and maintenance of pressure equipment, puts forward the development directions for the digitization, networking and intelligentization of pressure equipment at present and in the next decade from three aspects. The first aspect is digital control of shape and performance of pressure equipment. Taking the furnace tube as an example, the Material Genome technology is recommended for establishing the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic performance of its material and achieve the target macroscopic performance by the adjustment of composition, phase and microstructure; then the additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology can be used to control the resulting shape of certain special structures so as to achieve the integrated shape and performance and significant improvement of its service life. The second aspect is digitization and network-based interconnection of production factors such as materials, equipment and personnel in the pressure vessel production workshop to realize intelligent manufacturing. Taking the transportable pressure vessel for instance, the real-time identification, diagnosis and control of abnormal conditions can be realized by information and communication technology during the key production processes such as baiting, cutting, forming, welding, heat treatment, and non-destructive testing; and if necessary, the suitable manufacturing resources across different enterprises and regions can be organized to achieve the flexible production and collaborative manufacturing of the components such as heads and flanges, etc. The third aspect is to achieve the real-time online integrity assurance of pressure equipment in process industries (e.g., petrochemical and electric power, etc.) by digitization and networking of risk-based inspection (RBI), fitness-for-service (FFS) assessment technologies and their corresponding database, in combination with real-time monitoring technology based on the characteristic safety parameters. Taking the reactor effluent air cooler (REAC) system as an example, this technology would enable not only the safety warning of critical characteristic parameters, but also the self-limiting and self-prevention of the flow-induced corrosion failure by linking with the distributed control system (DCS).